DOCSLIB.ORG

Shaping England Key Questions: 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Year 7 History: Shaping England Key Questions: 1. How were people ruled? 55 and 54 BC: Julius 2. What was life like? Caesar unsuccessfully June 1215: Signing of 1348-1350: The Black 1558 – 1603: Elizabeth 3. What did people believe? attempts to invade the Magna Carta Death I is Queen of England Britain. 4. What continued and changed? 5. How significant was the period? 6. How do we know about the period? 43AD: Roman invasion 1096-1396: The 1381: The Peasant’s 1553 – 1558: Mary I is of Britain under Crusades Revolt Queen of England What was England like pre Emperor Claudius. 1066? What was the impact of the Norman Conquest on AD 410: Last Roman 29th December 1170 – 1455: The War of the 1547 – 1553: Edward soldiers ordered to Murder of Thomas England? Roses begins. VI is King of England leave Britain. Beckett What was life like in Medieval England? 956: Ketter Ingas How did life change in the 1086: Kettering or Anglo-Saxon village 1483 – 1485: Richard 1509 – 1547: Henry Medieval Period? ‘Cateringe’ recorded in mentioned for the first III is King of England VIII is King of England. Domesday book time in History. How did a family feud shape the direction of a nation? 1070: William the 1492: Christopher 1066: Norman Conqueror orders the 1485 – 1509: Henry VII How significant were the Columbus discovers Conquest of England building of is King of England America. Tudors in shaping Rockingham Castle England? Timeline 1154 - Henry II becomes the Knowledge Organiser: What was life like in Medieval England? first 'Plantagenet' king. Key words and definitions He was not only king of England, but also ruled over most of Villein Very poor peasant who worked for a lord, bound to the Knights Men who served their king or lord as a mounted Wales, Normandy, Anjou, land so not able to leave village. soldier in armour. Gascony and other parts of Reeve Supervisor of a landowner’s estate. Steward Manage all of the lord’s lands and workers. France (acquired through his marriage to Eleanor of Freeman Peasant not bound to the land so they could leave the Crusade A war between Christians and Muslims over control Aquitaine). village. of the Holy City of Jerusalem. 1162 - Henry II appoints his Pilgrim A person who journeys to a sacred place for religious Christendom Countries where Christianity is the main religion and friend Thomas Becket Archbishop reasons, e.g. Rome or Jerusalem. holds great influence. of Canterbury. Guild Group of craftsmen or merchants that decided the Monarch King or Queen of a country. 1170 – Thomas Becket is standards for quality and price of goods. murdered at Canterbury Parish Small district which had its own church and priest. Charter Written document from a monarch which founds the Cathedral. rights and privileges of a place or company. 1189 – Henry II dies and is succeeded by his son Richard I Democracy A form of government where the common people have Shrine A place believed to be holy due to its connection to a the power to elect officials and vote on key issues. divinity or sacred person. ‘the Lionheart’. 1190 – Richard I joins the Third Overview Medieval society Crusade. The monarch’s power within Medieval England was absolute, 1199 – Richard I dies and is Those who however the Church provided a strong contest for that power. Knight, squire, soldier. succeeded by his brother John. fight The struggle for power between Church and Crown is shown in a 1206 – John has lost most of the Those who English controlled land in France number of ways; none more than the murder of Thomas Becket. Prioress, nun, priests, monk, friar. pray by this point. The Middle Ages was also a time of civil unrest and bloody 1215 – The Magna Carta is signed battles. Kings had to battle their predecessor’s reputations as by King John and his barons at Merchant, lawyer, carpenter, weaver, well as rebels in their kingdom. The feudal system began as a Those who Runnymede on the River Thames. dyer, tapestry weaver, cook, sailor, solid hierarchy however this system would be tested again and work 1227 – Kettering made into a doctor, ploughman, miller, reeve. again by those who wanted more than they were given. market town. Knowledge Organiser: What was life like in Medieval England? How important was the Church during the Middle Ages? Roman Catholics Thomas Henry II The only religion that was accepted in Medieval England was Catholicism. The Pope was the head of the Becket Church and ruled from Rome in Italy. The Archbishop of Canterbury represented the Pope in Britain and was very powerful. Though some people may have worshipped a different religion, they had to do so in secret otherwise they would have been persecuted. Why was the Church so important in the Middle Ages? Everyone believed in heaven and hell. People knew that they had to obey the teachings of the Church to go to heaven. People took lessons with Priests and Monks. The Holy men would teach children to read and write as there were no schools. People paid a tax (a tithe) to the Church as well as to the King. This paid for new churches to be built. Villagers could pay this in money or in crops if they didn’t have money. The Archbishop of Canterbury was chosen by the King but the Pope had the final decision. The Archbishop had the power to excommunicate people. This meant they were cut off from religion, and banned from Heaven. Richard I and Saladin King John and the Barons Key event: Murder of Thomas Becket 29/12/1170 Key event: Signing of the Magna Carta by King John 12/6/1215 The courts system was very different during the Middle Ages. Church courts tried only King John had upset the Barons and Nobles of England due to the high taxes introduced when he religious people and as they were known to be less strict than the King’s Court, many became king and the bad relationship he had with the Pope. They decided to raise and army to send people pretended to be religious to get away with crimes. to London to fight the King. All of the knights of the country were under the control of the Barons so King Henry II wanted to stop this as he thought this was unfair. He introduced the King John could not raise his own army without them. He had no choice but to negotiate with the Constitutions of Clarendon which would limit the Churches power and make sure anyone Barons. found guilty in the Church Court would be handed over to the King’s Court. The Barons had made a list of 63 promises that they wanted King John to keep which was called the When Henry II asked Thomas Becket to sign this, he refused which caused a terrible ‘Magna Carta’, which is latin for ‘Great Charter’. King John met the Barons at Runnymede where he argument between the two old friends. Becket was found guilty of treason in 1164 and signed the Magna Carta. He only agreed to this in order to stop the Barons from rebelling and quickly escaped to France. In 1170, the Pope threatened to excommunicate Henry so Becket was backed out of the agreement after the fighting had stopped; however the Magna Carta was still allowed to return to England. significant for the balance of power in society. Becket then excommunicated three bishops who had supported Henry. Four knights This was the first formal document that gave the King rules to follow; they could no longer just do were with Henry when he shouted “Will no one rid me of this troublesome Priest?!”. The what they wanted. It was also the first document that gave people rights. For example, people could four knights rode to Canterbury where they stabbed Thomas Becket. not be arrested, imprisoned or have their belongings taken away without a fair trial by a jury. Knowledge Organiser: How did life change in the Medieval period? Timeline 1327 – Edward III becomes King. Prevention Stopping something from happening. Plague Contagious bacterial disease usually The Black Death June 1348 – The plague accompanied by fever. symptoms arrived at Melcombe Symptom An indication of a particular illness/disease. Population All the inhabitants of a particular place. Day 1: Painful buboes Regis in Dorset and it in the armpits and spread throughout the Disease Medical condition/illness with specific Epidemic A widespread occurrence of an infectious groin. south of England. symptoms, usually highly contagious. disease in a community at one time. Day 2: Vomiting and fever. 1349 – The plague Quarantine A period of time spent in isolation to try and Hygiene Practices or conditions which help to Day 3: Dark blotches reached Wales, Ireland stop the spread of disease. maintain health and prevent disease. all over the body. and the north of Impact Something which has an effect or influence. Significant Something important and worthy of Day 4: Spasms and England. attention. terrible pain. 1350 – The plague had Day 5: Buboes burst made it to Scotland. Consequence A result or effect of something or an event. Poll tax A tax applied to every adult regardless of and black liquid how much they earn. 1377 – Edward III dies oozes. Could mean and is succeeded by his Pardon Being forgiven for an error or offence. Serfdom Being a serf or feudal farmer/labourer. survival, but most died a painful death. grandson Richard II. 1381 – Peasant’s Revolt. Medieval beliefs for the causes of the Black Death Why did it spread so quickly? • The movements of the planets • Poor Medical knowledge on prevention and cure of disease Key skill: • A punishment from God • Dirty conditions in medieval towns encouraged rats with fleas carrying Assessing the • Bad smells to live in Medieval settlements • Enemies poisoning the wells • Global trade routes helped the disease move easily between countries.
Recommended publications
  • The Mayor and Early Lollard Dissemination

    The Mayor and Early Lollard Dissemination

    University of Central Florida STARS HIM 1990-2015 2012 The mayor and early Lollard dissemination Angel Gomez University of Central Florida Part of the Medieval History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIM 1990-2015 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Gomez, Angel, "The mayor and early Lollard dissemination" (2012). HIM 1990-2015. 1774. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015/1774 THE MAYOR AND EARLY LOLLARD DISSEMINATION by ANGEL GOMEZ A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in History in the College of Arts and Humanities and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 Thesis Chair: Dr. Emily Graham Abstract During the fourteenth century in England there began a movement referred to as Lollardy. Throughout history, Lollardy has been viewed as a precursor to the Protestant Reformation. There has been a long ongoing debate among scholars trying to identify the extent of Lollard beliefs among the English. Attempting to identify who was a Lollard has often led historians to look at the trial records of those accused of being Lollards. One aspect overlooked in these studies is the role civic authorities, like the mayor of a town, played in the heresy trials of suspected Lollards.
  • Year 7 History Project

    Year 7 History Project

    Year 7 History Project Middle Ages - Power and Protest Session 1: King Edward I • In the following slides you will find information relating to: • Edward and parliament • Edward and Wales • Edward and the War of Independence Edward I • Edward facts • Edward was born in 1239 • In 1264 Edward was held prisoner when English barons rebelled against his father Henry III. • In 1271 Edward joined a Christian Crusade to try and free Jerusalem from Muslim control • Edward took the throne in 1272. • Edward fought a long campaign to conquer Wales • Edward built lots of castles in Wales such as Caernarfon, Conwy and Harlech castles • Edward had two nicknames - 'Longshanks' because he was so tall and the 'Hammer of the Scots' for obvious reasons • Edward’s war with Scotland eventually brought about his death when he died from sickness in 1307 when marching towards the Scottish Border. Llywelyn Ap Gruffudd • In 1275 Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales refused to pay homage (respect) to King Edward I of England as he believed himself ruler of Wales after fighting his own uncles for the right. • This sparked a war that would result in the end of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (the last) who was killed fighting the English in 1282 after several years of on off warfare. • Edward I destroyed the armies of Llywelyn when they revolted against England trying to take complete control of Wales. • As a result Llywelyn is known as the last native ruler of Wales. • After his death Edward I took his head from his body and placed it on a spike in London to deter future revolts.
  • Year 7 Medieval England Knowledge Organiser Key Terms King’S Courts Law Courts Which Were Controlled by the King and His Justice

    Year 7 Medieval England Knowledge Organiser Key Terms King’S Courts Law Courts Which Were Controlled by the King and His Justice

    Year 7 Medieval England knowledge organiser Key terms King’s Courts Law courts which were controlled by the King and his justice. Church Courts These were controlled by the church for religious offences and for any crimes committed by the clergy. Archbishop of The head of the Church in England. He was appointed by the Pope. Canterbury Magna Carta The document that King John was forced to sign by the barons in 1215 that limited some of his power. Black Death The disease that affected England from 1348 onwards. It is estimated that it killed 40% of the population. The conflict between King and Church: Henry II vs. Thomas Becket. Bubonic Plague The more common Plague that was carried in the bloodstream of rats. Fleas bit the rats and become infected. They then hopped onto 1154 King Henry II appointed Thomas Beckett as his Chancellor. His job humans, bit them and passed on the disease. was to look after the church and the King’s law courts. During this time Henry and Thomas became good friends. Pneumonic Plague This was more deadly. It was caught by breathing in the germs when 1161 Henry asked Thomas to become the new Archbishop of an infected person coughed or sneezed. They would cough up blood Canterbury. Beckett was asked to make the church courts fairer, and their lungs rotted inside them. as they favoured the churchmen. Beckett refused and made Henry Freeman These people paid rent to the lord to farm their land, but they very angry. weren’t ‘owned’ by the Lord, and could come and go as they 1164 Henry announced that he would be in charge of the church court, pleased.
  • Wimbish Through the Centuries

    Wimbish Through the Centuries

    WIMBISH THROUGH THE CENTURIES ISABEL WISEMAN 1954 INTRODUCTION ODAY we have grown so used to thinking of progress as emanating Tfrom the large centres of population — our cities and towns — that we are apt to forget that until comparatively recent times Britain was mainly a country of villages, always excepting on, Cobbett’s “great wen” It was in the villages, in the country seats dominating them, plans (political and otherwise) were often evolved. Perhaps reason why we are apt to overlook these facts is the absence village records. A town, with its own local government organisation, usually possesses a nucleus of Minute Books, Account Books other archives, from which it is fairly easy for the historian to trace its development. But the first task of the village historian is discover and bring together scattered records, which are often disjointed and lacking continuity. In her book on Wimbish Through the Centuries Miss Wiseman has been fortunate in her discovery of such records, the reward of much able and painstaking work. A general historical background, sufficient for the purpose, provides continuity, and to this background are fitted illustrative Wimbish records. Broadoaks, Tiptofts, Pinkneys, Hodges, Thunderley, Little Stonards — the very names have a fascination, and all in turn contribute stories. Perhaps the most fascinating account in the book comes from Broadoaks, which under the Wisemans in Elizabeth’s sreign became headquarters of the Jesuit priest, Father John Gerard, whose biography is quoted, giving a detailed description of his ventures and concealment in the Broadoaks hiding during a four-days search for him. Anyone interested in the devotion and scorn of danger to their lives shown by many of the Jesuits would amply repaid for acquiring a copy of Wimbish through the Centuries.
  • Sequel to the Great Rebellion in Kent of 1381

    Sequel to the Great Rebellion in Kent of 1381

    http://kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/archaeologia-cantiana/ Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Kent Archaeological Society 67 SEQUEL TO THE GREAT REBELLION IN K E N T OE 1381. i BY W. E. ELAHERTY. THE documents now to be produced, being extracts from the Coram Rege Rolls of 5 Ric. II. (1381), relate to an abortive attempt to compel Richard to confirm the li- berties that he had granted to the Commons in the summer of 1381, but had revoked almost immediately after. The commotions in Kent were no doubt most violent in the week that witnessed the murder of Simon of Sudbury, and the death of Wat Tyler, and to that part the attention of historians has been hitherto almost exclusively directed. There will be seen, how- ever, much of interest in these documents, which belong to a later period, extending indeed from September, 1381, to April, 1383; a very brief summary will put the reader in possession of their main statements. For con- venience of reference, they have been divided into num- bered sections, though it hardly need be said that no such divisions are to be found in the original. The variations in spelling the names, which would be fatal in a modern indictment, seem to have been disregarded in mediaeval times; or they may be here merely the error of the enrolling clerk. I. A presentment, dated October 8,1381, at Deptford, 1 See Arch. Cant. Yol. III. p. 65 et seq. F 2 68 SEQUEL TO THE GREAT REBELLION IN KENT.
  • The Great Rebellion in Kent of 1381. Illustrated from the Public Records

    The Great Rebellion in Kent of 1381. Illustrated from the Public Records

    Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. 3 1860 65 THE GREAT REBELLION IN KENT OF 1381 ILLUS- TRATED FROM THE PUBLIC RECORDS. BY W. E. IXAHEKTY. FEW events are more prominent in our annals than that called " Wat Tyler's Rebellion." Writers of every de- gree of research have employed their pens upon the subject, but as none of them seem to have availed them- selves of the information that the public records could supply, it is no wonder that, after all, they have given but a very inadequate picture of one of the most im- portant transactions of the fourteenth century. Their accounts would lead us to suppose that the mighty com- motion sprang entirely out of a dispute about three groats, and in the course of a .single week subsided as quickly as it had arisen;—the murder of the tax-gatherer at Dartford being the first act of the drama, and the death of Wat Tyler the last;—after which the King and his nobles had nothing to do but to take unre- strained vengeance on the insurgents as long as they pleased. If we look to the records, however, we shall find that the commotion had a more adequate cause and a longer duration, and as the origin of the disturbances is by common consent ascribed to Kent, we trust this may be a sufficient reason for asking space in the pages, of' Ar- chseologia Cantiana' for some hitherto unpublished docu- ments on the subject. The limit necessarily imposed to these remarks will allow us only to glance at a few VOL.
  • Conflict and Upheaval Key Terms Quilt – by THEME/ TOPIC Area

    Conflict and Upheaval Key Terms Quilt – by THEME/ TOPIC Area

    Conflict and Upheaval key terms quilt – by THEME/ TOPIC area Auld Alliance Edward III Catholic Church Alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Wat Tyler Serfdom Subordination Essex Poll Tax Tower of London Great Pestilencce Isabella of Aquitaine Flanders / trade Ordinance of Labourers Gascony / Aquitaine Living conditions Pneumonic Population decrease Bargaining power Abolition Labour service Alliance with Ghent, John Ball Inflation Ypres and Bruges Battle of Crecy King Richard II Feudal system King David II Longbow Homage Miasma Siege The Staple Sheep farming Bubonic Tax evasion Punishment from god Edward, the Black Wool trade Succession crisis Prince Mile End Villeins Archbishop of Statute of Labourers Canterbury Salic Law Lord Chancellor Battle of Sluys Letters of pardon Battle of Poitiers Freemen Battle of Calais Philip VI Septicaemic Treaty of Bretigny Siege Chevauchee King John of France Agriculture Colour code the key words to show which theme they fit with: Life in Medieval England Causes of the Hundred Years War Events of the Hundred Years War The Black Death The Peasants’ Revolt Can you add any key words of your own to the blank spaces? How to extend your revision… can you now: make revision cards / mind maps for key themes? Can you describe each key feature in detail? Can you complete exam questions making sure you add key terms? Conflict and Upheaval key terms quilt – by TIME PERIOD / DEACDES Auld Alliance Edward III Catholic Church Alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Wat Tyler Serfdom Subordination Essex Poll Tax Tower of London
  • Conflict and Upheaval: England 1337-1381 England in the Fourteenth Century

    Conflict and Upheaval: England 1337-1381 England in the Fourteenth Century

    Conflict and Upheaval: England 1337-1381 England in the fourteenth century Eduqas GCSE History Component 1: British Study in Depth England in the fourteenth century What were the main characteristics of life in fourteenth century England? English society in the fourteenth century The Norman Conquest of England during the eleventh century had started a process of change for English society that had a considerable impact upon every aspect of people’s lives. The introduction of the feudal system had reorganised land ownership throughout the country and defined the obligations and duties by which the peasantry had to live. The king and nobility were obviously top of the social structure, which was strictly hierarchical in nature. Senior churchmen were of an equal status to nobility and by the fourteenth century about two hundred figures formed the ruling elite, owning over 75% of the land in England. Below the nobility in the social structure were the knights and by the fourteenth century it has been estimated that there about one thousand knights, who had achieved their position either through outstanding service or because they had accumulated enough wealth to do so. Agriculture was overwhelmingly the major occupation in England, with the open field system the usual method of farming. Up to the coming of the Black Death, agriculture appeared to have been flourishing. Village communities surrounded by three or maybe four great fields in which the villagers held scattered strips were the norm. Virtually all these villages throughout England were under the control of a lord, or sometimes several. Four or five villages might be grouped together into one large manorial unit.
  • How Useful Is Walt Disney's Interpretation of King John?

    How Useful Is Walt Disney's Interpretation of King John?

    Was the Medieval landscape of England one of fear and decay? • Timeline: • 1300: Serfdom remains a feature of England’s feudal society. Medieval Town • 1315-16: Great Famine – 10% of the population died. • When William conquered England there were only 15 towns, with an average population of 1000 each. 8 had a pop of • 1348: Black Death arrives in Britain 3000+. Key words to use in this unit: • 1351: King Edward III introduces the Statute of Labourers Law • London was the largest, 10,000 people & became the capital. Labourers –someone working manually. Wages have to return to pre Black Death levels. By 1400 London had 45,000+ and England had 300+ towns. Villein = a peasant tied to the land by their need to work for free for • 1360s Priest John Ball declares that villeins should be freed. • Castles, rivers and the church was all a key feature of a town. their Lord. • 1381 – King Richard II introduced the Poll tax – 5p for all. • New French communities in towns like Southampton Serfdom – the system that bound them. • 1381 – May – Peasants Revolt • Towns were growing up by the new castles like Newcastle – Subsistence –only growing enough for themselves. • 300 towns had charters. This meant the King had freed them. Charter – when the monarch grants rights and privileges to a town. • Church ran over 500 hospitals across England. Bubonic plague. The name of the disease nicknamed the Black Death. • Towns public health was poor. Government & local councils Yesinia Pestis – the Black Death virus. Life of a peasant had laws preventing filth but people forced to dump as there Statue of Labourers – a law that forced the wage to return to pre • 90% of villeins lived in a Medieval was no infrastructure just gong farmers and muck rackers.
  • Ball Family Records

    Ball Family Records

    BALL FAMILY RECORDS. BALL FAMILY RECORDS GENEALOGICAL MEMOIRS OF SOME BALL FAMILIES OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND AMERICA COMPILED BY THE REV. WILLIAM BALL WRIGHT, M.A. Late Brasinns 8,nilh Exhibitioner, Trin. Coll., Diiblin, l',,f,R.S.A.., Ireland, Author of "The Ussher Me,no-irs," and "Life Sketch of Archbishop Bramhall Second Edition, Enlarged and Revised YORK PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR BY THE YORKSHIRE PRINTING Co., LTD. 1908 To SIR ROBERT STA WELL BALL, F.R.S., Lowndes Professor o.f Astronomy, Cambridge University, and to the other bearers o.f the name o.f Ball who, in the past and present, have added lustre and distinction to thez·r name and .families by their scientific discoveries and writings, This Book o.f Ball Fam£ly Records at home and abroad is Dedicated by the Author. CONTENTS. PAGES Chapter I.-The origin and early mention the name of Ball 1-7 11.-The Ball Family of St. Audoen's Padsh, Dublin Ba!lygall, Co.Dublin, and Ballsgrove, Drogheda, ·with notices of the Ussher Fami!v. and of Bartholomew, Walter, Nicholas, R'obert and Edward Ball, Mayors of Dublin 8-54 IIJ.-'The Ball Family of Baldrumtnin, Parish of Lusk, Co. Dublin 55-56 lV.-The Balls of Co. Fermanagh, of Cookesto,vn, " Co. Meath, and of Philadelphia, with notices of the Connolly and Carleton Families, and of the Blackall Family - 57-72 V.-The Ball Family of Scottowe, and of the " Counties of Armagh and Kilkenny 73-94 VI.-The Ball Family of Ardee, Co. Louth, with notice of Sergeant John Ball, M.P.
  • Peasants Revolt 1

    Peasants Revolt 1

    How important was John Ball in causing the Peasants Revolt? This is the skull of Simon Sudbury. In the year Sudbury was murdered, peasants from Essex and Kent formed an army and marched to London. Here, they attacked lots of buildings and people. They were revolting against the way the country was being run. Simon Sudbury was one of the people they killed. They cut off his head and stuck it on a pole on London Bridge. What is shocking about this is Sudbury had thought he was safe. He had hidden in the King’s castle, the Tower of London. But the rebels had managed to break in. What is more shocking about this is that Sudbury, like Thomas Becket before him, had been the Archbishop of Canterbury! What had gone so wrong that ordinary people wanted to do something as drastic as murder the most important man in the Church? Cause 1: A hard knock life Peasants… were the lowest members of society. worked hard on the land with little pay. had to pay taxes and work for the church without pay. But if they were used to this, what made them revolt? Cause 2: The Black Death and the Statute of Labourers Peasants who survived the Black Death got richer/poorer because there were more/fewer peasants to do the work. This meant that the peasants could charge more/less money for the work they did. This made the King and the nobles happy/unhappy because they were worried that they were losing/gaining power. In 1351 they introduced the Statute of Labourers.
  • The Peasants' Revolt 1381

    The Peasants' Revolt 1381

    THE PEASANTS’ REVOLT 1381 The Peasants' Revolt was a series of riots mainly in the south of England. It developed into a march on London of perhaps 60,000 people. Most of the people were peasants, but there were also landowners. There does seem to have been some planning. They took control of the city for several days, forcing King Richard II to meet them twice. The revolt ended when their leader, Wat Tyler, was killed and they were fooled into returning home by Richard II. 1. Long-term Causes a) The Black Death The Black Death of 1348-9 had killed 1½ million out of 4 million, affecting every village in the land. b) Wages Some peasants, called free labourers, were paid wages. Their wages had gone up after the Black Death, because there weren’t so many peasants. Some lords offered more money to get survivors to work for them. c) The Statute of Labourers The new law, the Statute of Labourers in 1351, tried to put wages back down to what they had been before the Black Death. d) Freedom The other peasants, called villeins (and serfs) wanted to be free labourers. villeins free labourers They had to work three days each They wanted to be paid wages week on the lord’s land for no pay. like the free labourers They also had to do other work They wanted to end the old feudal and pay fines to their lords. system by becoming free labourers. 2. Short-term Causes a) The Poll Tax Taxes were rare, but three taxes were collected in four years.