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Shaping England Key Questions: 1 Year 7 History: Shaping England Key Questions: 1. How were people ruled? 55 and 54 BC: Julius 2. What was life like? Caesar unsuccessfully June 1215: Signing of 1348-1350: The Black 1558 – 1603: Elizabeth 3. What did people believe? attempts to invade the Magna Carta Death I is Queen of England Britain. 4. What continued and changed? 5. How significant was the period? 6. How do we know about the period? 43AD: Roman invasion 1096-1396: The 1381: The Peasant’s 1553 – 1558: Mary I is of Britain under Crusades Revolt Queen of England What was England like pre Emperor Claudius. 1066? What was the impact of the Norman Conquest on AD 410: Last Roman 29th December 1170 – 1455: The War of the 1547 – 1553: Edward soldiers ordered to Murder of Thomas England? Roses begins. VI is King of England leave Britain. Beckett What was life like in Medieval England? 956: Ketter Ingas How did life change in the 1086: Kettering or Anglo-Saxon village 1483 – 1485: Richard 1509 – 1547: Henry Medieval Period? ‘Cateringe’ recorded in mentioned for the first III is King of England VIII is King of England. Domesday book time in History. How did a family feud shape the direction of a nation? 1070: William the 1492: Christopher 1066: Norman Conqueror orders the 1485 – 1509: Henry VII How significant were the Columbus discovers Conquest of England building of is King of England America. Tudors in shaping Rockingham Castle England? Timeline 1154 - Henry II becomes the Knowledge Organiser: What was life like in Medieval England? first 'Plantagenet' king. Key words and definitions He was not only king of England, but also ruled over most of Villein Very poor peasant who worked for a lord, bound to the Knights Men who served their king or lord as a mounted Wales, Normandy, Anjou, land so not able to leave village. soldier in armour. Gascony and other parts of Reeve Supervisor of a landowner’s estate. Steward Manage all of the lord’s lands and workers. France (acquired through his marriage to Eleanor of Freeman Peasant not bound to the land so they could leave the Crusade A war between Christians and Muslims over control Aquitaine). village. of the Holy City of Jerusalem. 1162 - Henry II appoints his Pilgrim A person who journeys to a sacred place for religious Christendom Countries where Christianity is the main religion and friend Thomas Becket Archbishop reasons, e.g. Rome or Jerusalem. holds great influence. of Canterbury. Guild Group of craftsmen or merchants that decided the Monarch King or Queen of a country. 1170 – Thomas Becket is standards for quality and price of goods. murdered at Canterbury Parish Small district which had its own church and priest. Charter Written document from a monarch which founds the Cathedral. rights and privileges of a place or company. 1189 – Henry II dies and is succeeded by his son Richard I Democracy A form of government where the common people have Shrine A place believed to be holy due to its connection to a the power to elect officials and vote on key issues. divinity or sacred person. ‘the Lionheart’. 1190 – Richard I joins the Third Overview Medieval society Crusade. The monarch’s power within Medieval England was absolute, 1199 – Richard I dies and is Those who however the Church provided a strong contest for that power. Knight, squire, soldier. succeeded by his brother John. fight The struggle for power between Church and Crown is shown in a 1206 – John has lost most of the Those who English controlled land in France number of ways; none more than the murder of Thomas Becket. Prioress, nun, priests, monk, friar. pray by this point. The Middle Ages was also a time of civil unrest and bloody 1215 – The Magna Carta is signed battles. Kings had to battle their predecessor’s reputations as by King John and his barons at Merchant, lawyer, carpenter, weaver, well as rebels in their kingdom. The feudal system began as a Those who Runnymede on the River Thames. dyer, tapestry weaver, cook, sailor, solid hierarchy however this system would be tested again and work 1227 – Kettering made into a doctor, ploughman, miller, reeve. again by those who wanted more than they were given. market town. Knowledge Organiser: What was life like in Medieval England? How important was the Church during the Middle Ages? Roman Catholics Thomas Henry II The only religion that was accepted in Medieval England was Catholicism. The Pope was the head of the Becket Church and ruled from Rome in Italy. The Archbishop of Canterbury represented the Pope in Britain and was very powerful. Though some people may have worshipped a different religion, they had to do so in secret otherwise they would have been persecuted. Why was the Church so important in the Middle Ages? Everyone believed in heaven and hell. People knew that they had to obey the teachings of the Church to go to heaven. People took lessons with Priests and Monks. The Holy men would teach children to read and write as there were no schools. People paid a tax (a tithe) to the Church as well as to the King. This paid for new churches to be built. Villagers could pay this in money or in crops if they didn’t have money. The Archbishop of Canterbury was chosen by the King but the Pope had the final decision. The Archbishop had the power to excommunicate people. This meant they were cut off from religion, and banned from Heaven. Richard I and Saladin King John and the Barons Key event: Murder of Thomas Becket 29/12/1170 Key event: Signing of the Magna Carta by King John 12/6/1215 The courts system was very different during the Middle Ages. Church courts tried only King John had upset the Barons and Nobles of England due to the high taxes introduced when he religious people and as they were known to be less strict than the King’s Court, many became king and the bad relationship he had with the Pope. They decided to raise and army to send people pretended to be religious to get away with crimes. to London to fight the King. All of the knights of the country were under the control of the Barons so King Henry II wanted to stop this as he thought this was unfair. He introduced the King John could not raise his own army without them. He had no choice but to negotiate with the Constitutions of Clarendon which would limit the Churches power and make sure anyone Barons. found guilty in the Church Court would be handed over to the King’s Court. The Barons had made a list of 63 promises that they wanted King John to keep which was called the When Henry II asked Thomas Becket to sign this, he refused which caused a terrible ‘Magna Carta’, which is latin for ‘Great Charter’. King John met the Barons at Runnymede where he argument between the two old friends. Becket was found guilty of treason in 1164 and signed the Magna Carta. He only agreed to this in order to stop the Barons from rebelling and quickly escaped to France. In 1170, the Pope threatened to excommunicate Henry so Becket was backed out of the agreement after the fighting had stopped; however the Magna Carta was still allowed to return to England. significant for the balance of power in society. Becket then excommunicated three bishops who had supported Henry. Four knights This was the first formal document that gave the King rules to follow; they could no longer just do were with Henry when he shouted “Will no one rid me of this troublesome Priest?!”. The what they wanted. It was also the first document that gave people rights. For example, people could four knights rode to Canterbury where they stabbed Thomas Becket. not be arrested, imprisoned or have their belongings taken away without a fair trial by a jury. Knowledge Organiser: How did life change in the Medieval period? Timeline 1327 – Edward III becomes King. Prevention Stopping something from happening. Plague Contagious bacterial disease usually The Black Death June 1348 – The plague accompanied by fever. symptoms arrived at Melcombe Symptom An indication of a particular illness/disease. Population All the inhabitants of a particular place. Day 1: Painful buboes Regis in Dorset and it in the armpits and spread throughout the Disease Medical condition/illness with specific Epidemic A widespread occurrence of an infectious groin. south of England. symptoms, usually highly contagious. disease in a community at one time. Day 2: Vomiting and fever. 1349 – The plague Quarantine A period of time spent in isolation to try and Hygiene Practices or conditions which help to Day 3: Dark blotches reached Wales, Ireland stop the spread of disease. maintain health and prevent disease. all over the body. and the north of Impact Something which has an effect or influence. Significant Something important and worthy of Day 4: Spasms and England. attention. terrible pain. 1350 – The plague had Day 5: Buboes burst made it to Scotland. Consequence A result or effect of something or an event. Poll tax A tax applied to every adult regardless of and black liquid how much they earn. 1377 – Edward III dies oozes. Could mean and is succeeded by his Pardon Being forgiven for an error or offence. Serfdom Being a serf or feudal farmer/labourer. survival, but most died a painful death. grandson Richard II. 1381 – Peasant’s Revolt. Medieval beliefs for the causes of the Black Death Why did it spread so quickly? • The movements of the planets • Poor Medical knowledge on prevention and cure of disease Key skill: • A punishment from God • Dirty conditions in medieval towns encouraged rats with fleas carrying Assessing the • Bad smells to live in Medieval settlements • Enemies poisoning the wells • Global trade routes helped the disease move easily between countries.
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