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Poverty Knowledge in South Africa: a Social History of Human Science, 1855–2005 Grace Davie Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19875-2 - Poverty Knowledge in South Africa: A Social History of Human Science, 1855–2005 Grace Davie Index More information Index Abdurahman, Abdullah 108 See also human scientists, kholwa, race and Actor-Network Theory 62, 80, 122, 137, 201 racism, African social workers See also Latour, Bruno, Science and African veterans 111, 124, 132, 137 Technology Studies (STS) African social workers 47, 57, 73, 146, African Survey, 1938 130–132 150–151 Africans’ Claims in South Africa, 1943 121 See also Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work African independence movements 151, 199, Afrikaans language 39, 92–93 201, 230, 284 Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut 211 African National Congress (ANC) Afrikaner motherhood 42 and 1993 election campaign 250, 254, Afrikaner nationalism 66, 78, 91–96 293 See also Volkskongress and National Development Plan 287–297 agricultural demonstrators 13, 156, 228 and nationalization debate 234–244 alcohol 75, 150, 169, 172, 201, 261 and “second phase” of democracy 287, 290 Alexandra Bus Boycott, 1943–44 118–123, and social welfare policy 1, 16, 272–278, 141 287–297 Alexandra Bus Boycott, 1957 169–170, 172 Africans’ Claims in South Africa, 1943 121 All-Africa Convention, 1946 159 alliance with COSATU and SACP 196, 238, Atlantic Charter, 1941 104, 121, 125, 290 273, 288, 290, 293 attitude research 97–99, 152–153, 177–182, “Constitutional Guidelines” 235, 238 212, 217, 226–236, 240, 256, 262, 280 Department of Economic Policy (DEP) 238, apartheid 242, 245, 249 and Afrikaner nationalism 66, 78, 91–96 “Discussion Document” 238–239, 241–242 and rural “betterment” planning 102, 150, founding of 27–28, 30 155–160, 162, 164–167, 207, 216 Freedom Charter, 1955 71, 149, 231, 235, and urban planning 148–152, 167–171 238, 245, 249, 251, 254, 259, 283, 289, “Bantu Education” 182, 284 290 “cheap labor thesis” 183 in exile 199, 235, 248 creation of 78–140 newspapers 74–75 definition of 2 “Ready to Govern” 243–244 ending of and resistance to using science 4, Reconstruction and Development 77, 113, 151–152, 179–250 Programme (RDP) 253–254, 256–269 forced relocation 160, 164, 166, 168–169, Umkonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) 216 172, 199 Group Areas Act 146, 110 Women’s League of 47 homeland “independence” 78, 102, 178, Western Cape branch of 58–59 182, 207, 211, 223, 226–233, 292 Youth League 121 159, 259 National Party (NP) 92, 94–95, 101–102, African intellectuals 4, 13, 21, 27–33, 71, 123–125, 128, 145–148, 160–163, 222, 151–152, 165, 171, 195, 201, 210, 280 230, 242–243, 277, 281 320 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19875-2 - Poverty Knowledge in South Africa: A Social History of Human Science, 1855–2005 Grace Davie Index More information Index 321 negotiations with ANC 217, 234, 236 General Factory Workers’ Benefit Fund pragmatists 160–163, 174 195 purists 117, 160–163, 174 Federation of South African Trade Unions “tri-cameral government” 219 (FOSATU) 195–196, 214, 223 “separate development” 102, 141, 143, Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union 160, 162, 165–166, 211 (ICU) 51–54, 57, 77, 282 state 155, 160–164, 171, 198, 214, 227, National Union of Metalworkers (NUMSA) 234, 141–250, 279–281 194, 290, 292 statistics and social monitoring 5, 102, Trade Union Advisory and Coordinating 142–175, 252–253 Council (TUACC) 195 Special Branch (Secret Police) 297 South African Congress of Trade Unions Verwoerd, Hendrik 93–95, 101–102, (SACTU) 169–171, 173 106, 141, 144, 147–148, 160–165, 182, and the Durban Strikes 192–195 222, 291 Weihahn Commission, 1979 214 volkekunde ethnos theory 102, 160 See also Durban Strikes, Weihahn Volkskongress 82, 92–93, 95, 162, Commission “anti-politics machine” 101–102 Boesak, Allan 219, 223, 243 Bolton, Harriet 185, 187, 197, 196 Bantustans 78, 102, 166, 178, 182, 211, 217, Bond, Patrick 1, 291 220, 226–233, 292 Booth, Charles 44, 64–65, 77, 201 See also apartheid, “homelands” Botha, P. W. 220–222 Badsha, Omar 180, 195, 219 “boundary objects” in science 111, 227 Barchiesi, Franco 277 See also “household,” Poverty Datum Line, “basic needs” 26, 77, 122, 129, 132, 191, 197, “quantitative objectivity” 221, 251, 257, 259 “boundary work” in science 106, 109, 112, Basic Income Grant (BIG) 6, 272–276, 117, 137, 140, 199–201, 266 283–284, 296 See also positivism, “quantitative Batson, Edward objectivity,”“scientism” and Johann Potgieter 198–200 Bourdieu, Pierre 11–12, 62, 80, 108, 211, and “quantitative objectivity” 174, 229 120–123, 185 Bowley, Arthur 64, 105, 113, and the Poverty Datum Line 12, 101, 120, “breach” 122–123, 129, 140–141, 149, 168,198, as prelude to social research and catalyst of 201, 211, 280–281 epistemic mobility 2, 48, 101, 119, 132, at the University of Fort Hare, 1975 206, 184, 197, 211, 234 239, 272, 282 272 definition of 17 and urban planning after 1948 144–149, attempts to repair 48, 50, 197, 202, 233, 152 239 Batson, Helen 105, 110 British Medical Association (BMA) nutrition Beaumont Commission 32–33 standards 126 beer halls 57, 167, 170, 188 Broederbond 93 betterment planning 102, 150, 155–160, 162, bubonic plague 41 164–167, 207, 216 Budlender, Debbie 224 Beveridge Report, 1942 114–115, 123 Buhlungu, Sakhela 192 Biko, Steven (Steve) 182–183, 186, 197, 201, Bureau of Market Research 181, 198, 200 210 Buthelezi, J. B. 190 Black Consciousness Movement 7, 151, Buthelezi, M. G. 222–223, 229–231, 233 181–183, 193, 209–210, 214, 234, 282 black trade unions Calderwood, D. M. 148 Congress of South African Trade Unions Callon, Michel 80 (COSATU) 195–196, 214, 238, 240, 258, Cape Town Board of Aid 106 273, 288–292 capabilities approach 260, 294 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19875-2 - Poverty Knowledge in South Africa: A Social History of Human Science, 1855–2005 Grace Davie Index More information 322 Index capitalism 5, 11, 13, 16, 66, 95, 142, 163, 183, color bar, industrial 50, 76, 79, 98, 101, 118, 204–205, 209, 213, 220, 237, 274, 287, 121, 173, 208, 214 290 colored (mixed-race) people and “colored Carnegie Commission Continuation poverty” 7, 9, 21, 27, 41–42, 46, 50, 52, Commission 93–96 54–56, 59–65, 68–69, 86, 92, 94, 101, See also Department of Social Welfare, 108, 112–116, 124, 127, 184, 190, 198, Verwoerd 219, 269, 280 Carnegie Inquiry into the Poor White Problem See also pensions, race and racism in South Africa, 1929–32 (Carnegie Columbia University 82, 71, 97 Commission) commissions of inquiry fieldwork and findings 81–91 as means of delaying legislative action, public reception of (especially National dampening unrest, and preserving Party) 91–96, 101, 124 legitimacy 37, 48, 59, 143, 159–160, Batson’s responses to 108–109 293 Carnegie Corporation 71, 74, 82–83, 96, 107, Beaumont Commission 32–33 130, 219, 221 Carnegie Inquiry into the Poor White Cato Manor 167–169 Problem in South Africa (Carnegie cattle culling 143, 155, 159–160 Commission) 81–95, 101, 108–109, 113, Cattle Killing 124, 219, 222, 280 See Great Cattle Killing Ciskei Commission 227–229, 231 census 18, 55, 102, 136, 236, 239, 252, 256, Commission of Enquiry into 262, 269, 275 Non-European Bus Services in See also statistics Johannesburg 119–121 Central Statistical Services (CSS) 252, 275 Commission of Inquiry into Certain See also Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) Organisations (Schlebusch Commission) Chamber of Commerce 172, 200, 221 197 Chase Manhattan Bank 204–205 Commission of Inquiry into Labour Cheadle, Halton 180, 185, 187–188, 195, Legislation (Weihahn Commission) 179, chiefs 8, 13, 25, 142–143, 155, 157–159, 195, 214 164–165, 190 Commission of Inquiry into Legislation Cillers, S. P. 206 Affecting Utilisation of Manpower Ciskei 37, 128, 155–158, 165, 226–229, 231 (Riekert Commission) 214 Ciskei Commission 227–229, 231 Commission on Old-Age Pensions and civil resistance 11, 224, 266, 268, 297 National Insurance 56 civil society 6, 16, 104, 118, 122, 144, 171, Committee of Inquiry into a Comprehensive 179, 195, 205, 251, 285, 287, 307 System of Social Security for South Africa “civilized labor policy” 55–57, 78, 96, 115 (Taylor Committee) 272–274 See also Hertzog, J. B. M. General Missionary Commission 38 “civilizing mission” 66, 131, 139 Moyne Commission 132 “civilized standards of living” 62, 95–96, 200, Native Economic Commission 16, 78, 155 218, 221, 281 Requirements for Stability and See also Poverty Datum Line, race and Development in KwaZulu and Natal racism (Buthelezi Commission) 229–231 climate change 19, 295 Second Carnegie Enquiry into Poverty and Coetzee, J. M. 9, 160, 250, 274 DevelopmentinSouthernAfrica Cold War 52, 172, 199, 259, 205, 258 (Second Carnegie) 177–178, 217–226, Coleman, Neil 288–289, 294–295 232–233 Colonial Office, British 31, 33, 80, 129–139, South African Native Affairs Commission 199, 284 35–36 “colonial science” 129, 138–141 Tomlinson Commission 160–164 Colonial Welfare and Development Act, 1940 Transvaal Indigency Commission 44–45, 132–133 49–50 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19875-2 - Poverty Knowledge in South Africa: A Social History of Human Science, 1855–2005 Grace Davie Index More information Index 323 Transvaal Labour Commission 34–35 of human science and struggles for power Truth and Reconciliation Commission 2, and resources 100, 142–144, 233, 195 266 Wilcocks Commission on the Cape of social surveys and anti-apartheid Coloured Population 108, 113 organizing 165–166, 174 Commission of Enquiry into Non-European See also breach, Douglas, “looping,” Bus Services in Johannesburg Poverty Datum Line, human science, 119–121 strikes Commission of Inquiry into Certain cost-of-living statistics 4, 76, 85, 104, 122, Organisations, 1974 (Schlebusch 140, 149, 74, 179, 184, 198, 214, 240, Commission) 197 281 Commission of Inquiry into Labour See also “basic needs,”“civilized standards Legislation, 1979 (Weihahn of living,” Poverty Datum Line Commission) 179, 195, 214 Coulter, C.
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