Anatolian Peninsula Map

Anatolian peninsula map Continue From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository Jump to jump navigation in search of English: Ancient Anatolian maps. Anatolia is a geographical region bordered by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, and much of mainland Asia to the east. Anatolia consists mostly of modern Turkey. Asian part of Turkey For other uses, see Anatolia (disambiguation). Asia Minor redirects here. For other uses, see Asia Kecil (disambiguation). Asia Turkey redirects here. It will not be confused with Turkey in Asia. Anatolian Traditional Definition of Anatolia in modern Turkey, excluding most of Southeast and Eastern Anatolian Regions[1][2]GeographyLocation Western Asia Coordinates39°N 35°E / 39°N 35°E / 39; 35Coordinate: 39°N 35°E/39°N 35°E/39; 35Area756,000 km2 (292,000 sq mi)[3](included. Southeast and Eastern Anatolian Regions)AdministrationTurkeyLargest cityAnkara (pop. 5,700,000[4])DemographicdemonymAnatolianLanguagesTurkish, Kurdish, Armenian, Greek, Kabardian, various other Ethnic groupsTurks, Kurds, Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians, Laz, various other informationTime zoneFET (UTC+3) Anatolia[a] is a major peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost bulge of the Asian continent. It makes up the majority of modern Turkey. It is bordered by the Turkish Channel to the northwest, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands (part of the Eastern Anatolian Region) to the east, the Southeast Anatolian Region (which borders Iraq and Syria) to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Marmara Sea forms the link between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Southeast Europe. Anatolia's eastern border has been held to be the line between Alexandretta Bay and the Black Sea, bordered by the Armenian Highlands to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast. Today, however, Anatolia is often considered synonymous with Asian Turks; [5] Its eastern and southeastern borders were widely taken to become Turkey's eastern border. [6] [7] [8] The ancient Anatolians spoke the now extinct Anatolian language of the Indo-European language family, which was largely replaced by Greek from classical antiquity and during the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods. Major Anatolian languages include Hittite, Luwian, and Lydian, while other untested local languages include Phrygian and Mysian. The Hurro-Urartia language was used in the southeastern kingdom of Mitanni, while Galatians, Celtic, were used in Galatia, central Anatolia. Anatolian Turkification began under the Seljuk Empire in the late 11th century and continued under the Ottomans between the late 13th and early 20th centuries. However, various non-Turkish languages continue to be spoken by minorities in Anatolia today, including Kurdish, Neo-Syrian, Armenian, Arabic, Laz, Georgian and Greek. Other ancient people in the region included galatians, Hurrias, Assyrians, Hattians, Cimmerians, as well as Ionian, Dorian and Aeolic Greeks. Main Article Geography: Geography of Turkey Location Turkey (in rectangle) refers to continental Europe. Anatolia roughly corresponds to the Asian part of the 1907 Turkish map of Asia Minor, which shows local ancient kingdoms, including the Eastern Aegean Islands and the island of Cyprus. [dubious - discuss] Traditionally, Anatolia was considered to extend east to the infinite line that runs from Alexandretta Bay to the Black Sea,[9] comtermining the Anatolian Highlands. This traditional geographical definition is used, for example, in the latest edition of the Merriam-Webster Geographic Dictionary. [1] Under this definition, Anatolia was bounded to the east by the Armenian Highlands, and the Euphrates before the river bowed to the southeast to enter Mesopotamia. [2] To the southeast, it is limited by the range separating it from the Orontes valley in Syria and the Plains of Mesopotamia. [2] After the Armenian genocide, Ottoman Armenia was renamed East Anatolia by the newly established Turkish government. [11] Vazken Davidian cited the expanded use of Anatolia to apply to what was formerly referred to as Armenia as an ahistoric imposition, and noted that the literary body grew uncomfortable with referring to the Ottoman East as Eastern Anatolia. The highest mountain in Eastern Anatolia (in the Armenian Highlands) is Mount Ararat (5123 m). [13] The Euphrates, Araxes, Karasu, and Murat rivers connect the Armenian Highlands to the South Caucasus and the Upper Euphrates Valley. Along with Çoruh, these rivers are the longest in Eastern Anatolia. [14] The etymology of the Anatolian English name comes from the Greek (Anatolḗ) meaning East because from the Greek point of view Anatolia is an area that stretches to the east. The Greek word refers to the direction in which the sun rises, from the direction in which the sun rises, comparable to terms in other a-a-midnaḥ from the to rise, to shine. [15] Exact references to the term have varied over time, perhaps initially referring to the Aeolian, Ionian and Dorian coloniesמaמ aa-mizraḥ 'east' from the to rise, to shine, Aramמ languages such as levant of the Latin levo 'to rise', orient of the Latin orior 'to appear, to begin', Hebrew on the west coast of Asia Minor. In the Byzantine Empire, the Anatolic Theme (A.D.) was a theme that included the west and part of turkey's central Anatolian Region today, centered around Iconium, but ruled from the city of Amorium. [17] The term Anatolia, with its s ending, may have been a Medieval Latin innovation. [16] The modern Turkish form of Anadolu is derived directly from the Greek name Aνατολa (Anatolḗ). The names anatoly Russian, French Anatole and plain Anatol are all derived from the saints Anatolius of Laodicea (d. 283) and Anatolius of Constantinople (d. 458; The First Patriarch of Constantinople), shared the same linguistic origin. The oldest known Reference Name for Anatolia - as the Land of Hatti - appeared on mesopotamian cuneiform tablets from the Akkadian Imperial period (2350–2150 BC). [Citation needed] The first recorded Greek name used for the Anatolian peninsula, though not very popular at the time, was Asía,[19] perhaps from the Akkadian expression for sunrise, or perhaps the name of the Assuwa league in western Anatolia. [Citation needed] The Romans used it as the name of their province, which consisted of the west of the peninsula plus the nearby Aegean islands. When the Asian name expanded its scope to be applied to a wider area in the east of the Mediterranean, some Greeks in the Late Antiquities came to use the name Asia Minor (Μικρὰ, Mikrà Asía), meaning Smaller Asia, to refer to present-day Anatolia, while the Imperial administration prefers the description of The East Anatolḗ. Endonym Of The Roman Empire is understood to be another name for the province by the invading Seljuq Turks, who founded the Sultanate of Rûm in 1077. Thus (the land) of Rûm became another name for Anatolia. By the 12th century Europeans had begun to refer to Anatolia as Turchia. [20] During the Ottoman Empire, mapmakers outside the Empire referred to the mountainous highlands of eastern Anatolia as Armenian. Another contemporary source is called the same area of Kurdistan. [21] Geographers have used various eastern Anatolian highland terms and the Armenian highlands to refer to the region, although the area covered by each term largely overlaps with the others. According to archaeologist Lori Khatchadourian, these terminological differences are primarily the result of a shift in political wealth and the cultural trajectory of the region since the nineteenth century. [22] Turkey's First Geographical Congress in 1941 created two geographical regions of Turkey to the east of the Black Sea Gulf line named The Eastern Anatolian Region and the Southeast Anatolian Region,[23] which were previously largely in line with the western part of the Armenian Highlands, the latter to the northern part of the Mesopotamian plain. According to Richard Hovannisian, this toponim change is necessary to armenia's presence as part of a genocide denial campaign started by the newly established Turkish government and what hovannisian calls its foreign collaborators. [24] More information: Geographical name changes in the Turkish Historical Mural of aurochs, deer, and humans at Çatalhöyük, which is the largest and most preserved Neolithic site found to date. The site was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012. [25] The Sphinx Gate at Hattusa, the capital of the Hittite Empire. The history of the city dates back to before 2000 BC. Main article: History of Anatolian Prehistoric Main Article: Prehistory of anatolian human dwellings in Anatolia comes from paleolithic. [26] Neolithic Anatolia has been proposed as the homeland of Indo-European-speaking families, although language experts tend to like its later origins in the steppes north of the Black Sea. However, it is clear that the Anatolian language, the earliest proven Branch of Indo-Europe, has been used in Anatolia since at least the 19th century BC. [Citation needed] Ancient Near East (Bronze and Iron Age) Hattians and Hurrians The earliest historical records of Anatolia originated in the southeastern region and originated from the Mesopotamian-based Akkadian Empire during the reign of Sargon Akkad in the 24th century BC. Scholars generally believe the earliest indigenous populations of Anatolia were hattians and Hurrians. The Hattians spoke

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