SAVE the CYCADS JOIN LOTUSLAND and OUR DISTINGUISHED PARTNERS to COMPLETE THESE TWO CRITICAL PROJECTS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SAVE the CYCADS JOIN LOTUSLAND and OUR DISTINGUISHED PARTNERS to COMPLETE THESE TWO CRITICAL PROJECTS HELP SAVE LOTUSLAND’S CYCAD COLLECTION SAVE the CYCADS JOIN LOTUSLAND AND OUR DISTINGUISHED PARTNERS TO COMPLETE THESE TWO CRITICAL PROJECTS American Public Garden Association (APGA) Plant Collections Network’s (PCN) accredited Cycad Multisite Collection International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission’s (SSC) Cycad Specialist Group (CSG) Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) Global Conservation Consortium for Cycads US Dept. of Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Plant Rescue Center To support these critical projects, please visit lotusland.org/cycad CYCADS ARE THE MOST THREATENED PLANT 695 Ashley Road GROUP ON THE PLANET. LOTUSLAND’S CYCAD Santa Barbara CA 93108 FPO COLLECTION IS ONE OF THE MOST COMPLETE Printed on recycled 805-969-3767 IN ANY AMERICAN PUBLIC GARDEN. paper with 10% PCW (post-consumer waste) www.lotusland.org PROTECT & PRESERVE PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE: A CRITICAL CONSERVATION COLLABORATION THE MOST THREATENED Lotusland is working with the International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN), Species Survival PLANT GROUP ON Commission (SSC), their Cycad Specialist Group THE PLANET (CSG), and Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), to develop an ex situ assurance colony for Encephalartos heenanii, a South African 1 2 cycad now believed to be extinct in the wild. LOTUSLAND'S CYCAD COLLECTIONS ARE AT-RISK For the first time in two decades, Lotusland’s Cycad In 2011 Lotusland produced seed of Encephalartos Garden is experiencing a flare up of a devastating heenanii for the first time ever in the United States and fungus, Armillaria. Many plants have been infected likely the first time in a public garden anywhere. We and damaged, and many more are threatened. The must now construct a secure growing facility to only effective way to eliminateArmillaria is to find protect E. heenanii, and to establish a breeding colony the infected host of old roots or stump material and for future reintroductions. This initial step deep within the soil and remove it along with the towards a Species Survival Action Plan for E. heenanii surrounding contaminated soil. is in collaboration with our South African colleagues. For more information please contact Paul Mills, 3 4 Lotusland is embarking on a comprehensive renovation of our largest cycad garden bed, to Curator of the Living Collections, at 805.895.4380 eradicate this threat to our most prized collection. or [email protected] The project is critically important and poses a risk if it is not addressed appropriately and immediately— Armillaria won’t go away on its own. BE A PLANT THE PLAN FOR REMEDIATION EFFORTS INCLUDES: • Dismantling part of the Mexican section of the cycad garden hero lotusland.org/cycad 5 6 • Excavating all potential problem areas • Disposing of all infected soil and decaying wood 1. Armillaria at the base of a Dioon edule. This plant did not survive. • Adding a 1,500 square foot area with 2. Stems of Dioon califanoi and D. sonorense excised of infected a custom soil mix rotten tissue. Now being re-rooted. YOUR TAX DEDUCTIBLE CONTRIBUTION MATTERS! 3. Collecting pollen from a male Encephalartos cone. • Constructing a new drainage system Gifts of all sizes have a big impact to help us accomplish 4. Pollinating a female Encephalartos lehnannii cone. this important work. • Replanting all displaced plants in 5. Fertilized Encephalartos lehnannii seed sprouting in newly designed bed Lotusland’s nursery To make a gift to Save the Cycads, please contact 6. Encephalartos seedlings to be planted in the Secure Patricia Sadeghian, Donor Relations Manager Growing Facility 805.969.3767 x125 or [email protected] .
Recommended publications
  • TITULO: Análisis De Conos De Chamal (Dioon Edule Lindl) En Una
    Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol.6 (2):268-282, 2013 Research Article Strobilus and seed production of Dioon edule (Zamiaceae) in a population with low seedling density in San Luis Potosí, Mexico Raymundo Mora1, Laura Yáñez-Espinosa1,2, Joel Flores3, and Nadya Nava-Zárate4 1Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 8, Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México, C.P. 78290, e-mail: [email protected] 2Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Altair 200, Col. Del Llano, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México, C.P. 78377, e-mail: [email protected] 3División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4 Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México, C.P. 78216, e-mail: [email protected] 4Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria Poniente, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México, C.P. 78290. e-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author: Laura Yáñez-Espinosa, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. We describe strobilus and seed development in a Dioon edule (chamal, palma, dameu’) population characterized by low seedling and high adult tree density, in order to improve conservation decisions for this endangered cycad species. Female strobili required 16-17 months and male 4-5 months to develop. During this period 80% female and 100% male strobili were not damaged by herbivores. The method of cone analysis used to evaluate seed production of pines was modified for D.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue - a Plant Conservation Perspective
    Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:295–314 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-018-9203-z Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue - A Plant Conservation Perspective J. Nadarajan1,2 & E. E. Benson 3 & P. Xaba 4 & K. Harding3 & A. Lindstrom5 & J. Donaldson4 & C. E. Seal1 & D. Kamoga6 & E. M. G. Agoo7 & N. Li 8 & E. King9 & H. W. Pritchard1,10 1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK; e-mail: [email protected] 2 The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; e-mail [email protected] 3 Damar Research Scientists, Damar, Cuparmuir, Fife KY15 5RJ, UK; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 4 South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 5 Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, Chonburi 20250, Thailand; e-mail: [email protected] 6 Joint Ethnobotanical Research Advocacy, P.O.Box 27901, Kampala, Uganda; e-mail: [email protected] 7 De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines; e-mail: [email protected] 8 Fairy Lake Botanic Garden, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; e-mail: [email protected] 9 UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK; e-mail: [email protected] 10 Author for Correspondence; e-mail: [email protected] Published online: 5 July 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Cycads are the most endangered of plant groups based on IUCN Red List assessments; all are in Appendix I or II of CITES, about 40% are within biodiversity ‘hotspots,’ and the call for action to improve their protection is long- standing.
    [Show full text]
  • 35 Ideal Landscape Cycads
    3535 IdealIdeal LandscapeLandscape CycadsCycads Conserve Cycads by Growing Them -- Preservation Through Propagation Select Your Plant Based on these Features: Exposure: SunSun ShadeShade ☻☻ ColdCold☻☻ Filtered/CoastalFiltered/Coastal SunSun ▲▲ Leaf Length and Spread: Compact, Medium or Large? Growth Rate and Ultimate Plant Size Climate: Subtropical, Mediterranean, Temperate? Dry or Moist? Leaves -- Straight or Arching? Ocean-Loving, Salt-Tolerant, Wind-Tolerant CeratozamiaCeratozamiaCeratozamiaCeratozamia SpeciesSpeciesSpeciesSpecies ☻Shade Loving ☻Cold TolerTolerantant ▲Filtered/Coastal Sun 16 named + several undescribed species Native to Mexico, Guatemala & Belize Name originates from Greek ceratos (horned), and azaniae, (pine cone) Pinnate (feather-shaped) leaves, lacking a midrib, and horned, spiny cones Shiny, darker green leaves arching or upright, often emerging red or brown Less “formal” looking than other cycads Prefer Shade ½ - ¾ day, or afternoon shade Generally cold-tolerant CeratozamiaCeratozamia ---- SuggestedSuggested SpeciesSpecies ☻Shade Loving ☻Cold TolerTolerantant ▲Filtered/Coastal Sun Ceratozamia mexicana Tropical looking but cold-tolerant, native to dry mountainous areas in the Sierra Madre Mountains (Mexican Rockies). Landscape specimen works well with water features, due to arching habit. Prefers shade, modest height, with a spread of up to 10 feet. Trunk grows to 2 feet tall. Leaflets can be narrow or wider (0.75-2 inches). CeratozamiaCeratozamia ---- SuggestedSuggested SpeciesSpecies ☻Shade Loving ☻Cold TolerTolerantant ▲Filtered/Coastal Sun Ceratozamia latifolia Rare Ceratozamia named for its broad leaflets. Native to cloud forests of the Sierra Madre mountains of Mexico, underneath oak trees. Emergent trunk grows to 1 foot tall, 8 inches in diameter. New leaves emerge bronze, red or chocolate brown, hardening off to bright green, semiglossy, and grow to 6 feet long. They are flat lance-shaped, asymmetric, and are broadest above middle, growing to 10 inches long and 2 inches wide.
    [Show full text]
  • D. Stevensonii Has Closer Phylogenetic Affinities with Carretera a Coatepec No
    Systematics and Biodiversity 7 (1): 73–79 Issued 22 February 2009 doi:10.1017/S1477200008002879 Printed in the United Kingdom C The Natural History Museum Fernando Nicolalde-Morejon´ 1, Reciprocal illumination of morphological Francisco Vergara-Silva2,∗, Jorge Gonzalez-Astorga´ 3, characters upon a molecular hypothesis Andrew P. Vovides1 & Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros4 supports the proposal of a new species of 1Laboratorio de Biolog´ıa Evolutiva de Cycadales, cycad from Mexico Departamento de Biolog´ıa Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecolog´ıa, A.C., km 2.5 Antigua Carretera a Coatepec No. 351, Xalapa Abstract The new species Dioon stevensonii, from the Rio Balsas basin spanning 91070, Veracruz, Mexico 2Laboratorio de Sistem´atica the states of Michoacan´ and Guerrero, Mexico, is described and illustrated. The de- Molecular, Instituto de Biolog´ıa scription of this species implies a recircumscription of the populations of Dioon that (Jard´ın Bot´anico), Universidad Nacional Aut´onoma de M´exico, constitutethepreviouslycharacterisedD.tomasellii,whichalsoincludespopulations 3er Circuito Exterior Ciudad located in Durango, Nayarit and Jalisco. Dioon stevensonii differs from its congeners Universitaria, Coyoac´an04510, in characters of both vegetative and reproductive structures – namely, leaflet con- M´exico, D.F., Mexico 3Laboratorio de Gen´etica de tour shape, leaflet curvature and reflection of the megasporophyll tips. Despite its Poblaciones, Departamento de morphological affinities with D. tomasellii, complementary cladistic analyses of mo- Biolog´ıaEvolutiva, Instituto de Ecolog´ıa, A.C., km 2.5 Antigua lecular matrices indicate that D. stevensonii has closer phylogenetic affinities with Carretera a Coatepec No. 351, the D. edule and D. spinulosum species groups, which are distributed along the Gulf Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico of Mexico and Caribbean seaboards.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Pollination of Cycads 9 10 Alicia Toon1, L
    1 2 DR. ALICIA TOON (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-1517-2601) 3 4 5 Article type : Invited Review 6 7 8 Insect pollination of cycads 9 10 Alicia Toon1, L. Irene Terry2, William Tang3, Gimme H. Walter1, and Lyn G. Cook1 11 12 1The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, 13 Australia 2 14 University of Utah, School of Biological Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 15 3 USDA APHIS PPQ South Florida, P.O.Box 660520, Miami, FL 33266, USA 16 17 Corresponding author: Alicia Toon 18 [email protected] Ph: +61 (0) 411954179 19 Goddard Building, The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, 20 Qld, 4072, Australia. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Manuscript Author 31 This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/AEC.12925 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved 32 33 Acknowledgements 34 We would like to thank Dean Brookes for discussions about genetic structure in cycad 35 pollinating thrips populations. Also, thanks to Mike Crisp for discussions about plant 36 diversification and Paul Forster for information on Australian cycads. This work was funded 37 by ARC Discovery Grant DP160102806. 38 39 Abstract 40 Most cycads have intimate associations with their insect pollinators that parallel those of 41 well-known flowering plants, such as sexually-deceptive orchids and the male wasps and 42 bees they deceive.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution Along the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Continuum
    Review CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/fpb Functional Plant Biology, 2010, 37, 995–1010 Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum Katia SilveraA, Kurt M. Neubig B, W. Mark Whitten B, Norris H. Williams B, Klaus Winter C and John C. Cushman A,D ADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0200, USA. BFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA. CSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] This paper is part of an ongoing series: ‘The Evolution of Plant Functions’. Abstract. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialised mode of photosynthesis that improves atmospheric CO2 assimilation in water-limited terrestrial and epiphytic habitats and in CO2-limited aquatic environments. In contrast with C3 and C4 plants, CAM plants take up CO2 from the atmosphere partially or predominantly at night. CAM is taxonomically widespread among vascular plants andis present inmanysucculent species that occupy semiarid regions, as well as intropical epiphytes and in some aquatic macrophytes. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway has evolved multiple times and is found in close to 6% of vascular plant species from at least 35 families. Although many aspects of CAM molecular biology, biochemistry and ecophysiology are well understood, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of CAM. This review focuses on five main topics: (1) the permutations and plasticity of CAM, (2) the requirements for CAM evolution, (3) the drivers of CAM evolution, (4) the prevalence and taxonomic distribution of CAM among vascular plants with emphasis on the Orchidaceae and (5) the molecular underpinnings of CAM evolution including circadian clock regulation of gene expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Mar2009sale Finalfinal.Pub
    March SFPS Board of Directors 2009 2009 The Palm Report www.southfloridapalmsociety.com Tim McKernan President John Demott Vice President Featured Palm George Alvarez Treasurer Bill Olson Recording Secretary Lou Sguros Corresponding Secretary Jeff Chait Director Sandra Farwell Director Tim Blake Director Linda Talbott Director Claude Roatta Director Leonard Goldstein Director Jody Haynes Director Licuala ramsayi Palm and Cycad Sale The Palm Report - March 2009 March 14th & 15th This publication is produced by the South Florida Palm Society as Montgomery Botanical Center a service to it’s members. The statements and opinions expressed 12205 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL herein do not necessarily represent the views of the SFPS, it’s Free rare palm seedlings while supplies last Board of Directors or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of ad- vertisers does not constitute an endorsement of the products or Please visit us at... featured services. www.southfloridapalmsociety.com South Florida Palm Society Palm Florida South In This Issue Featured Palm Ask the Grower ………… 4 Licuala ramsayi Request for E-mail Addresses ………… 5 This large and beautiful Licuala will grow 45-50’ tall in habitat and makes its Membership Renewal ………… 6 home along the riverbanks and in the swamps of the rainforest of north Queen- sland, Australia. The slow-growing, water-loving Licuala ramsayi prefers heavy Featured Palm ………… 7 shade as a juvenile but will tolerate several hours of direct sun as it matures. It prefers a slightly acidic soil and will appreciate regular mulching and protection Upcoming Events ………… 8 from heavy winds. While being one of the more cold-tolerant licualas, it is still subtropical and should be protected from frost.
    [Show full text]
  • View Or Download Issue
    ISSN 2473-442X CONTENTS Message from Dr. Patrick Griffith, Co-chair, IUCN/SSC CSG 3 Official newsletter of IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group Feature Articles Vol. IV I Issue 1 I October 2019 New report of Eumaeus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) associated with Zamia boliviana, a cycad from Brazil and Bolivia 5 Rosane Segalla & Patrícia Morellato The Mexican National Cycad Collection 45 years on 7 Andrew P. Vovides, Carlos Iglesias & Miguel A. Pérez-Farrera Research and Conservation News Speciation processes in Mexican cycads: our research progress on the genus Dioon 10 José Said Gutiérrez-Ortega, María Magdalena Salinas-Rodrígue, Miguel Angel Pérez-Farrera & Andrew P. Vovides Cycad’s pollen germination and conservation in Thailand 12 Anders Lindstrom Ancestral characteristics in modern cycads 13 The Cycad Specialist Group (CSG) is a M. Ydelia Sánchez-Tinoco, Andrew P. Vovides & H. Araceli Zavaleta-Mancera component of the IUCN Species Payments for ecosystem services (PES). A new alternative for conservation of mexican Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC). It cycads. Ceratozamia norstogii a case study 16 consists of a group of volunteer experts addressing conservation Miguel A. Pérez-Farrera, Héctor Gómez-Dominguez, Ana V. Mandri-Rohen & issues related to cycads, a highly Andrómeda Rivera-Castañeda threatened group of land plants. The CSG exists to bring together the CSG Members 21 world’s cycad conservation expertise, and to disseminate this expertise to organizations and agencies which can use this guidance to advance cycad conservation. Official website of CSG: http://www.cycadgroup.org/ Co-Chairs John Donaldson Patrick Griffith Vice Chairs Michael Calonje All contributions published in Cycads are reviewed and edited by IUCN/SSC CSG Newsletter Committee and Cristina Lopez-Gallego members.
    [Show full text]
  • March 2005.Pmd
    In the Company One Botanist’s Humbling Encounters with Ancient Dioons ofof GiantsGiants Article and photos (unless otherwise indicated) by Jody Haynes 1,400 years prior! This population occurs in tropical oak forest alongside a small stream; such a setting is quite common for many of the 30+ populations of this species in Honduras. There were no cones evident, but seedlings were present. Due to its remoteness and relative inaccessibility, this population—and the giants therein— is almost certainly not threatened. During the HN03 expedition, Mark and I visited more than 20 populations of Dioon mejiae, documented at least ten more, and elevated the conservation status of this species to Not Threatened from previous assessments suggesting that it was Rare (Lucas & Synge, 1978) or Vulnerable (Mace et al., 1992; Walter & Gillett, 1998). We also revised the estimate of the total number of wild plants, increasing it 120-fold from the previous estimate of 5,000 (Osborne, 1995) to no less than 600,000 mature plants spread across 10,000 ha in northern Olancho and eastern Yoro (Haynes & Bonta, 2003; Haynes & Bonta, In press). Dioon spinulosum—The popula- tion of this species that we visited in northern Oaxaca is approximately 120 km from the type locality. The plants were growing on a karst (limestone) mogote rising up out of the surrounding farm fields (Fig. 2). Many large and hundreds of medium-sized and juvenile plants were growing on this mogote. In one area, female cones and seedlings were abundant, where- as cones and seedlings were Fig. 1. The author is dwarfed by a giant Dioon mejiae in Olancho, Honduras essentially absent in another (photo by Mark Bonta).
    [Show full text]
  • Dioon: the Cycads from Forests and Deserts José Said Gutiérrez-Ortega, Karen Jiménez-Cedillo, Takuro Ito, Miguel Angel Pérez-Farrera & Andrew P
    Magnificent female Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham. Assam, India. Photo: JS Khuraijam ISSN 2473-442X CONTENTS Message from Dr. Patrick Griffith, Co-Chair, IUCN/SSC CSG 4 Official newsletter of IUCN/SSC Feature Articles Cycad Specialist Group Using cycads in ex-situ gardens for conservation and biological studies 5 Vol. 2 I Issue 1 I August 2017 Irene Terry & Claudia Calonje Collecting cycads in Queensland, Australia 7 Nathalie Nagalingum Research & Conservation News News from the Entomology subgroup 10 Willie Tang Dioon: the cycad from forests and deserts 11 José Said Gutiérrez-Ortega, Karen Jiménez-Cedillo, Takuro Ito, Miguel Angel Pérez-Farrera & Andrew P. Vovides The biodiverse microbiome of cycad coralloid roots 13 Pablo Suárez-Moo & Angelica Cibrian-Jaramillo The Cycad Specialist Group (CSG) is a Unnoticed micromorphological characters in Dioon leaflets 14 component of the IUCN Species Andrew P. Vovides, Sonia Galicia &M. Ydelia Sánchez-Tinoco Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC). It consists of a group of volunteer Optimizing the long-term storage and viability testing of cycad pollen 16 experts addressing conservation Michael Calonje, Claudia Calonje, Gregory Barber, Phakamani Xaba, Anders issues related to cycads, a highly Lindstrom & Esperanza M. Agoo threatened group of land plants. The CSG exists to bring together the Abnormal forking of pinnae in some Asian cycads 19 world’s cycad conservation expertise, JS Khuraijam, Rita Singh, SC Sharma, RK Roy, S Lavaud & S Chayangsu and to disseminate this expertise to Get to know the world’s most endangered plants free online educational video 22 organizations and agencies which can use this guidance to advance cycad James A.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Shade on Germination Traits of the Endangered Cycad Dioon Edule (Zamiaceae)
    Botanical Sciences 94 (1): 127-132, 2016 PHYSIOLOGY DOI: 10.17129/botsci.264 EFFECTS OF SHADE ON GERMINATION TRAITS OF THE ENDANGERED CYCAD DIOON EDULE (ZAMIACEAE) LAURA YÁÑEZ-ESPINOSA1,3 AND JOEL FLORES2 1Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Programas Multidisciplinarios de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí 2División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. 3Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: The endangered cycad Dioon edule requires shade provided by fltered sunlight under the canopy of trees or maternal plants during initial growth stages. It is known that germination improves under shade, but there is no report of radiation condi- tions. In order to understand how photosynthetic photon fux density (PPFD) affect germination traits, we evaluated some germi- nation indexes. A sample of three mature strobili and 200 viable seeds per strobilus were selected to evaluate seed size (length, width, and fresh weight). Two experimental treatments were established simulating shade under the oak forest canopy with photo- synthetic photon fux density 81 µmol m-2 s-1 (PPFD81), and under maternal plant canopy with photosynthetic photon fux density 17 µmol m-2 s-1 (PPFD17), as measured previously in the study site. Means of germination variables (germinability, germination rate, synchronization, mean germination time and relative frequency of germination) for the two treatments were compared using a t-test. Seed size and germination data were submitted to correlation analysis. A regression was performed to environmental predic- tors (temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetic photon fux density) of germinability. No signifcant correlation between seed size and germination traits was detected.
    [Show full text]
  • CAM-Cycling in the Cycad Dioon Edule Lindl. in Its Natural Tropical Deciduous Forest Habitat in Central Veracruz, Mexico
    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 138, 155–162. With 2 figures CAM-cycling in the cycad Dioon edule Lindl. in its natural tropical deciduous forest habitat in central Veracruz, Mexico ANDREW P. VOVIDES1*, JOHN R. ETHERINGTON2, P. QUENTIN DRESSER3, ANDREW GROENHOF4, CARLOS IGLESIAS5 and JONATHAN FLORES RAMIREZ6. 1Departamento de Sistemática Vegetal, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Apdo Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000 Mexico 2Parc-y-Bont, Llanhowell, Solva, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, SA62 6XX, UK 3Department of Geography, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK 423 Orchard Way, Kenton, Exeter, EX6 8JU, UK 5Jardín Botánico Fco. J. Clavijero, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apdo Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000 Mexico 6Instituto Nacional de Ecología, Avenue Revolución 1425, Col. Tlacopac, 01040 México, D.F. Received April 2001; accepted for publication August 2001 The cycad Dioon edule Lindl. inhabits a seasonally-dry tropical forest along with associated CAM plants such as bromeliads and cacti. To test the hypothesis that D. edule might also be a CAM plant, diel total-acid fluctua- tion was measured through the dry to wet seasons of 4 consecutive years on adult D. edule plants in their natural forest habitat in Veracruz, Mexico. Correlations between acid fluctuation index and climatic data, and also soil water potential were determined over this period. Laboratory trials were followed up to estimate diel patterns of 13 -2 CO2 exchange and estimation of d C value. A comparison of stomatal density cm with other C3, CAM and CAM- facultative plants was made. The diel total titratable-acid fluctuation values, although variable, were found to be consistent and significant for the dry season.
    [Show full text]