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Page and a Booklet with Advice and Guidelines on How to Minimise Harm

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Page and a Booklet with Advice and Guidelines on How to Minimise Harm 2010 NATIONAL REPORT (2009 Data) TO THE EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point IRELAND New Developments, Trends and in-depth information on selected issues REITOX Acknowledgements Addiction service managers, drug treatment facilities and general practitioners Central Statistics Office Central Treatment List Coroner Service Customs Drugs Law Enforcement of the Revenue Commissioners Department of Community, Equality and Gaeltacht Affairs Department of Education and Skills Department of Health and Children Department of Justice and Law Reform Department of Social Protection Forensic Science Laboratory Garda National Drugs Unit General Mortality Register Health Protection Surveillance Centre Health Service Executive Hospital In-Patient Enquiry scheme Irish Prison Service The Garda Síochána Office for the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs Voluntary and community groups and academic researchers We would specially like to thank the following: Mr Eddie Arthurs, Dr Joe Barry, Dr Des Corrigan, Ms Caroline Comar, Dr Caroline Cousins, Mr John Craven, Ms Gretta Crowley, Mr Niall Cullen, Ms Anne Marie Donovan, Ms Aileen Dooley, Mr Joe Doyle, Dr Brian Farrell, Ms Caroline Gardner, Ms Anna-May Harkin, Mr Liam Hughes, Dr Pierce Kavanagh, Mr Joseph Keating, Dr Eamon Keenan, Dr Alan Kelly, Mr Eddie Matthews, Mr John Moloney, Ms Niamh Murphy, Dr Kate O‟Donnell, Dr Dan O‟Driscoll, Ms Sinead O‟Hara, Dr Bobby Smyth, Dr Bríon Sweeney, Dr Lelia Thornton and Professor Miriam Wiley. Finally, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our Health Research Board colleagues working in the area of alcohol and drug related research Delphine Bellerose, Anne Marie Carew, Mary Dunne, Louise Farragher, Brian Galvin, Vivion McGuire, Deirdre Mongan and Simone Walsh who provided access to literature, analysed data from reporting systems or summarised literature for Drugnet Ireland. Brian Galvin Head of the Irish Focal Point This report was written by: Johnny Connolly Suzi Lyons Martin Keane Mairea Nelson Jean Long Brigid Pike This report was edited by Joan Moore with the assistance of Brigid Pike and was compiled by Mairea Nelson Please use the following citation: Irish Focal Point (2010) 2010 National Report (2009 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. Ireland: new developments, trends and in-depth information on selected issues. Dublin: Health Research Board. 2 Contents Main points from Part A ........................................................................................................ 7 Main points from Part B ...................................................................................................... 11 1. Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis....................... 13 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 13 1.2 Legal framework ...................................................................................................... 14 1.2.1 Laws, regulations, directives or guidelines in the field of drug issues (demand & supply) ....................................................................................................... 14 1.2.2 Laws implementation ...................................................................................... 18 1.3 National action plan, strategy, evaluation and co-ordination .................................. 19 1.3.1 National action plan and/or strategy ................................................................ 19 1.3.2 Implementation and evaluation of national action plan and/or strategy .......... 19 1.3.3 Other drug policy developments e.g. government declaration, civil society initiatives ........................................................................................................ 21 1.3.3 Co-ordination arrangements ............................................................................ 22 1.4 Economic analysis ................................................................................................... 23 1.4.1 Public expenditures ......................................................................................... 23 1.4.2 Budget ............................................................................................................. 24 1.4.3 Social costs ...................................................................................................... 25 2. Drug Use in the General Population and Specific Targeted Groups ......... 26 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 26 2.2 Drug use in the general population (based on probabilistic sample) ....................... 27 2.2.1 Drug use in the general population.................................................................. 27 2.2.2 Sedative, tranquilliser and anti-depressant use in Ireland ............................... 28 2.2.3 Polydrug use in Ireland ................................................................................... 28 2.2.4 NACD general population survey on drug use 2010/11 ................................. 28 2.3 Drug use in the school and youth population (based on probabilistic sample) ....... 29 2.3.1 Drug use among early school leavers compared with school attendees .......... 29 2.3.2 Drug use among young people: comparison between All Ireland Drug Prevalence Survey, ESPAD and HBSC ......................................................... 30 2.3.3 Drug and alcohol use among adolescents in south-eastern Ireland ................. 34 2.3.4 Exposure to illicit drug use and alcoholism among 9-year-old Irish children . 34 2.3.5 Solvent and volatile inhalant use in Ireland .................................................... 35 2.4 Drug use among targeted groups/settings at national and local level (university students and conscript surveys, migrants, music venues, gay clubs, gyms) ............ 37 2.4.1 Mental health and well-being of LGBT people – the role of alcohol and drugs ....................................................................................................................... 37 2.4.2 Substance use among Travellers and new communities ................................. 38 2.4.3 Psychoactive substances sold in head shops and on line ................................. 38 3. Prevention ..................................................................................................... 44 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 44 3.2 Universal prevention ................................................................................................ 45 3.2.1 School .............................................................................................................. 45 3.2.2 Family ............................................................................................................. 46 3.2.3 Community ...................................................................................................... 47 3.3 Selective prevention in at-risk groups and settings ................................................. 48 3.3.1 At-risk groups .................................................................................................. 48 3.3.2 At-risk families ................................................................................................ 51 3.3.3 Recreational settings (incl. reduction of drug and alcohol related harm) ........ 51 3.4 Indicated prevention ................................................................................................ 51 3.4.1 Children at risk (e.g. children with AD(H)D, children with externalising or internalising disorders) .................................................................................. 51 3.5 National and local media campaigns ....................................................................... 53 3 4. Problem Drug Use (PDU) .............................................................................. 54 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 54 4.2 Prevalence and incidence estimates of PDUs .......................................................... 55 4.2.1 Indirect estimates of problem drug use ........................................................... 55 4.2.2 Estimates of incidence of problem drug use ................................................... 57 4.3 Data on PDUs from non-treatment sources (police, emergency, needle exchange etc) ........................................................................................................................... 57 4.3.1 National registry of deliberate self-harm annual report 2009.......................... 57 4.4 Intensive, frequent, long-term and other problematic forms of use ......................... 59 4.4.1 Description of the forms of use falling outside the EMCDDA’s PDU definition (in vulnerable groups) .................................................................................... 59 4.4.2 Prevalence estimates of intensive, frequent, long-term and other problematic forms of use, not included in the PDU definition .................................................... 61 5. Drug-Related Treatment: treatment demand and treatment availability.... 63 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 63 5.2 Strategy/policy ........................................................................................................
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