Mach-O Programming Topics
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A Case Against the GOT' O William a . Wulf, Carnegie-Mellon Universit Y
A Case Against the GOT' O William A . Wulf, Carnegie-Mellon Universit y ABSTRAC T suggestion to ban the goto appears to have been a part of the computing folklore for several years , It has been proposed, by E . W . Dijkstra and others , to this author's knowledge the suggestion wa s that the goto statement in programming language i s first made in print by Professor E . W . Dijkstra i n a principal culprit in programs which are diffi- a letter to the editor of the _Communications o f cult to understand, modify, and debug . More cor- the ACM in 1968 (1) . rectly, the argument is that it is possible t o In this paper we shall examine the rational e use the goto to synthesize program structures wit h for the elimination of the Soto in programin g these undesirable properties . Not all uses of th e languages, and some of the theoretical and practi- goto are to be considered harmful ; however, it i s cal implications of its (total) elimination . further argued that the "good" uses of the got o fall into one of a small number of specific case s RATIONAL E which may be handled by specific language con- structs . This paper summarizes the arguments i n At one level, the rationale for eliminatin g favor of eliminating the goto statement and som e the poto has already been given in the introduc- of the theoretical and practical implications o f tion . Namely, it is possible to use the goto in a the proposal . manner which obscures the logical structure of a program to a point where it becomes virtually im- KEY WORDS AND PHRASES : programming, programmin g possible to understand (1,3,4), It is not claimed languages, goto-less programming, structured pro- that every use of the goto obscures the logica l grammin g structure of a program ; it is only claimed that i t CR CATEGORIES : 4 .2, 4 .22, 5 .2 4 is possible to use the Soto to fabricate a "rat' s nest" of control flow which has the undesirabl e INTRODUCTION properties mentioned above . -
The “Stabs” Debug Format
The \stabs" debug format Julia Menapace, Jim Kingdon, David MacKenzie Cygnus Support Cygnus Support Revision TEXinfo 2017-08-23.19 Copyright c 1992{2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Contributed by Cygnus Support. Written by Julia Menapace, Jim Kingdon, and David MacKenzie. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". i Table of Contents 1 Overview of Stabs ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.1 Overview of Debugging Information Flow ::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.2 Overview of Stab Format ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.3 The String Field :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 1.4 A Simple Example in C Source ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 1.5 The Simple Example at the Assembly Level ::::::::::::::::::::: 4 2 Encoding the Structure of the Program ::::::: 7 2.1 Main Program :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7 2.2 Paths and Names of the Source Files :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7 2.3 Names of Include Files:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.4 Line Numbers :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.5 Procedures ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.6 Nested Procedures::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 2.7 Block Structure -
Automatic Classifying of Mac OS X Samples
Automatic Classifying of Mac OS X Samples Spencer Hsieh, Pin Wu and Haoping Liu Trend Micro Inc., Taiwan TREND MICRO LEGAL DISCLAIMER The information provided herein is for general information Contents and educational purposes only. It is not intended and should not be construed to constitute legal advice. The information contained herein may not be applicable to all situations and may not reflect the most current situation. Nothing contained herein should be relied on or acted 4 upon without the benefit of legal advice based on the particular facts and circumstances presented and nothing Introduction herein should be construed otherwise. Trend Micro reserves the right to modify the contents of this document at any time without prior notice. Translations of any material into other languages are intended solely as a convenience. Translation accuracy 6 is not guaranteed nor implied. If any questions arise related to the accuracy of a translation, please refer to Mac OS X Samples Dataset the original language official version of the document. Any discrepancies or differences created in the translation are not binding and have no legal effect for compliance or enforcement purposes. 10 Although Trend Micro uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information herein, Trend Micro makes no warranties or representations of any kind as Classification of Mach-O Files to its accuracy, currency, or completeness. You agree that access to and use of and reliance on this document and the content thereof is at your own risk. Trend Micro disclaims all warranties of any kind, express or implied. 11 Neither Trend Micro nor any party involved in creating, producing, or delivering this document shall be liable for any consequence, loss, or damage, including direct, Malware Families indirect, special, consequential, loss of business profits, or special damages, whatsoever arising out of access to, use of, or inability to use, or in connection with the use of this document, or any errors or omissions in the content 15 thereof. -
706 What's New in Security 07 FINAL.Key
System Frameworks #WWDC16 What’s New in Security Session 706 Lucia Ballard Secure Transports Engineering Manager Simon Cooper Trusted Execution Engineering Manager © 2016 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Redistribution or public display not permitted without written permission from Apple. What’s New in Security? What’s New in Security? Network Security What’s New in Security? Network Security Cryptography APIs What’s New in Security? Network Security Cryptography APIs Platform Security on macOS What’s New in Network Security Lucia Ballard Secure Transports Engineering Manager Secure Communications Secure Communications HTTPS is the new HTTP • Confidentiality • Data integrity Secure Communications HTTPS is the new HTTP • Confidentiality • Data integrity Not all HTTPS is created equal App Transport Security Current standards App Transport Security Current standards For NSURLSession and NSURLConnection APIs App Transport Security Current standards For NSURLSession and NSURLConnection APIs • TLS v1.2 App Transport Security Current standards For NSURLSession and NSURLConnection APIs • TLS v1.2 • Strong crypto—AES-128 and SHA-2 App Transport Security Current standards For NSURLSession and NSURLConnection APIs • TLS v1.2 • Strong crypto—AES-128 and SHA-2 • Forward secrecy—ECDHE App Transport Security Current standards For NSURLSession and NSURLConnection APIs • TLS v1.2 • Strong crypto—AES-128 and SHA-2 • Forward secrecy—ECDHE Exceptions—global or for particular domains App Transport Security Enforcement App Transport Security Enforcement Enforced -
Download Article (PDF)
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE 2013) SecGOT: Secure Global Offset Tables in ELF Executables Chao Zhang, Lei Duan, Tao Wei, Wei Zou Beijing Key Laboratory of Internet Security Technology Institute of Computer Science and Technology, Peking University Beijing, China {chao.zhang, lei_duan, wei_tao, zou_wei}@pku.edu.cn Abstract—Global Offset Table (GOT) is an important feature library code for these two processes are different). This to support library sharing in Executable and Linkable Format problem also restrains the code sharing feature of libraries. (ELF) applications. The addresses of external modules’ global A solution called PIC (Position Independent Code [3]) is variables and functions are runtime resolved and stored in the proposed for the ELF (Executable and Linkable Format [4]) GOT and then are used by the program. If attackers tamper executable binaries which are common in Linux. with the function pointers in the GOT, they can hijack the In libraries or main modules supporting PIC, the code program’s control flow and execute arbitrary malicious code. section does not reference any absolute addresses in order to Current research pays few attentions on this threat (i.e. GOT support code sharing between processes. However, absolute hijacking attack). In this paper, we proposed and implemented addresses are unavoidable in programs. As a result, a GOT a protection mechanism SecGOT to randomize the GOT at table (Global Offset Table [4]) is introduced in the library. load time, and thus prevent attackers from guessing the GOT’s position and tampering with the function pointers. SecGOT is This table resides in the data section and is not shared evaluated against 101 binaries in the /bin directory for Linux. -
Intelligent OS X Malware Threat Detection with Code Inspection
This is a repository copy of Intelligent OS X malware threat detection with code inspection. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/128371/ Version: Published Version Article: Pajouh, H.H., Dehghantanha, A. orcid.org/0000-0002-9294-7554, Khayami, R. et al. (1 more author) (2018) Intelligent OS X malware threat detection with code inspection. Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques, 14 (3). pp. 213-223. ISSN 2274-2042 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11416-017-0307-5 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ J Comput Virol Hack Tech DOI 10.1007/s11416-017-0307-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Intelligent OS X malware threat detection with code inspection Hamed Haddad Pajouh1 · Ali Dehghantanha2 · Raouf Khayami1 · Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo3,4 Received: 31 July 2017 / Accepted: 27 September 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract With the increasing market share of Mac OS X over 91% detection accuracy with 3.9% false alarm rate. -
A Proposed System for Hiding Information in Portable Executable Files Based on Analyzing Import Section
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 04, Issue 01 (January. 2014), ||V7|| PP 21-30 A Proposed System for Hiding Information In Portable Executable Files Based on Analyzing Import Section Mohammad Hussein Jawwad 1- University of Babylon- College of Information Technology- Iraq Abstract: - Information-hiding techniques have newly become very important in a many application areas. Many cover mediums have been used to hide information like image, video, voice. Use of these mediums have been extensively studied. In this paper, we propose new system for hiding information in Portable Executable files (PE files). PE is a file format for executable file used in the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the Windows operating system. This algorithm has higher security than some traditional ones because of the combination between encryption and hiding. We first encrypt the information before hiding it to ensure high security. After that we hide the information in the import table of PE file. This hiding depends on analyzing the import table characteristics of PE files that have been built under Borland turbo assembler. The testing result shows that the result file does not make any inconsistency with anti-virus programs and the PE file still function as normal after the hiding process. Keywords: - PE File, Information Hiding, Cryptography. I. INTRODUCTION The development and wide use of computer science and informatics also, the advent of global networks (i.e. Internet) that make the access for information is possible for every one online impose the need for ways to avoid hackers and muggers from getting the important information. -
Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X
1 Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X "Most ideas come from previous ideas." Alan Curtis Kay The Mac OS X operating system represents a rather successful coming together of paradigms, ideologies, and technologies that have often resisted each other in the past. A good example is the cordial relationship that exists between the command-line and graphical interfaces in Mac OS X. The system is a result of the trials and tribulations of Apple and NeXT, as well as their user and developer communities. Mac OS X exemplifies how a capable system can result from the direct or indirect efforts of corporations, academic and research communities, the Open Source and Free Software movements, and, of course, individuals. Apple has been around since 1976, and many accounts of its history have been told. If the story of Apple as a company is fascinating, so is the technical history of Apple's operating systems. In this chapter,[1] we will trace the history of Mac OS X, discussing several technologies whose confluence eventually led to the modern-day Apple operating system. [1] This book's accompanying web site (www.osxbook.com) provides a more detailed technical history of all of Apple's operating systems. 1 2 2 1 1.1. Apple's Quest for the[2] Operating System [2] Whereas the word "the" is used here to designate prominence and desirability, it is an interesting coincidence that "THE" was the name of a multiprogramming system described by Edsger W. Dijkstra in a 1968 paper. It was March 1988. The Macintosh had been around for four years. -
Portable Executable File Format
Chapter 11 Portable Executable File Format IN THIS CHAPTER + Understanding the structure of a PE file + Talking in terms of RVAs + Detailing the PE format + The importance of indices in the data directory + How the loader interprets a PE file MICROSOFT INTRODUCED A NEW executable file format with Windows NT. This for- mat is called the Portable Executable (PE) format because it is supposed to be portable across all 32-bit operating systems by Microsoft. The same PE format exe- cutable can be executed on any version of Windows NT, Windows 95, and Win32s. Also, the same format is used for executables for Windows NT running on proces- sors other than Intel x86, such as MIPS, Alpha, and Power PC. The 32-bit DLLs and Windows NT device drivers also follow the same PE format. It is helpful to understand the PE file format because PE files are almost identi- cal on disk and in RAM. Learning about the PE format is also helpful for under- standing many operating system concepts. For example, how operating system loader works to support dynamic linking of DLL functions, the data structures in- volved in dynamic linking such as import table, export table, and so on. The PE format is not really undocumented. The WINNT.H file has several struc- ture definitions representing the PE format. The Microsoft Developer's Network (MSDN) CD-ROMs contain several descriptions of the PE format. However, these descriptions are in bits and pieces, and are by no means complete. In this chapter, we try to give you a comprehensive picture of the PE format. -
Architectural Support for Dynamic Linking Varun Agrawal, Abhiroop Dabral, Tapti Palit, Yongming Shen, Michael Ferdman COMPAS Stony Brook University
Architectural Support for Dynamic Linking Varun Agrawal, Abhiroop Dabral, Tapti Palit, Yongming Shen, Michael Ferdman COMPAS Stony Brook University Abstract 1 Introduction All software in use today relies on libraries, including All computer programs in use today rely on software standard libraries (e.g., C, C++) and application-specific libraries. Libraries can be linked dynamically, deferring libraries (e.g., libxml, libpng). Most libraries are loaded in much of the linking process to the launch of the program. memory and dynamically linked when programs are Dynamically linked libraries offer numerous benefits over launched, resolving symbol addresses across the applica- static linking: they allow code reuse between applications, tions and libraries. Dynamic linking has many benefits: It conserve memory (because only one copy of a library is kept allows code to be reused between applications, conserves in memory for all applications that share it), allow libraries memory (because only one copy of a library is kept in mem- to be patched and updated without modifying programs, ory for all the applications that share it), and allows enable effective address space layout randomization for libraries to be patched and updated without modifying pro- security [21], and many others. As a result, dynamic linking grams, among numerous other benefits. However, these is the predominant choice in all systems today [7]. benefits come at the cost of performance. For every call To facilitate dynamic linking of libraries, compiled pro- made to a function in a dynamically linked library, a trampo- grams include function call trampolines in their binaries. line is used to read the function address from a lookup table When a program is launched, the dynamic linker maps the and branch to the function, incurring memory load and libraries into the process address space and resolves external branch operations. -
Does the Seventh Amendment Compel Fact-‐Finding Before
HAVE WE GONE TOO FAR: DOES THE SEVENTH AMENDMENT COMPEL FACT-FINDING BEFORE REACHING A DECISION ON PATENT- ELIGIBLE SUBJECT MATTER? JESSE D.H. SNYDER* I. INTRODUCTION Something seems amiss. Settled notions of what can be Patenta- ble are changing.1 To complicate matters further, so far, neither the SuPreme Court nor the Federal Circuit has addressed whether the in- quiry into Patent-eliGible subject matter is factual, legal, or both. And while the scoPe of Patentable subject matter is understandably con- strictinG, the end result may not be coterminous with the SuPreme Court’s Guidance in Alice Corporation Party Limited v. CLS Bank.2 Under Alice, which built uPon the Patent-eliGible subject matter frameworks of Prior cases, for those Patent claims that are directed to a Patent- ineligible concePt (e.G., abstract ideas), Patentability turns on whether an “inventive concePt” exists to “‘transform the nature of the claim’ into a Patent-eliGible aPPlication.”3 The lower courts have seized on the Alice holding, inhuming Pa- tents whose subject-matter failures render them invalid as a matter of law. But what if the means adoPted by the lower courts to reach that leGal conclusion also sidestePs certain constitutional guarantees? What if they are simPlifyinG the analysis at a facial level when a more granular investigation is required? What if, at the motion to dismiss staGe, fact-findinG is still required to determine whether a Patent is * 2015-2016 term law clerk to the Honorable Jimmie V. Reyna of the U.S. Court of APPeals for the Federal Circuit. I earned my J.D., summa cum laude, from Texas Wesleyan School of Law and my B.S. -
Webobjects Bundle Reference
WebObjects Bundle Reference 2006-10-03 Times is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG, © 2006 Apple Computer, Inc. available from Linotype Library GmbH. All rights reserved. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. No part of this publication may be Even though Apple has reviewed this document, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR transmitted, in any form or by any means, REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS mechanical, electronic, photocopying, DOCUMENT, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, recording, or otherwise, without prior MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND with the following exceptions: Any person YOU, THE READER, ARE ASSUMING THE is hereby authorized to store documentation ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. on a single computer for personal use only IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR and to print copies of documentation for DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, personal use provided that the OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES documentation contains Apple’s copyright RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS DOCUMENT, even if notice. advised of the possibility of such damages. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN Computer, Inc. LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo or employee is authorized to make any (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes modification, extension, or addition to this without the prior written consent of Apple warranty.