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Experiences from Lithuania EUROPEANEUROPEAN FORESTFOREST TYPESTYPES Technical workshop “Reporting using the new European Forest Types” EXPERIENCESEXPERIENCES FROMFROM LITHUANIALITHUANIA Lithuanian State Forest Service National Forest Inventory Department Gintaras Kulbokas European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] FORESTFOREST GROWINGGROWING CONDITIONSCONDITIONS ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA ¾The surface is covered by quaternary rocks, originated from glacier; ¾Thickness of this layer: in the northern part - 1-5 m, in the south - up to 200-250 m; ¾The climate is comparable mild, ranging from sea to continental; ¾The hilly highlands are mixtured with plain lowlands; ¾Mean height above sea level is 99 m; ¾ Highest point being 294 m; ¾Mean annual temperature +6ºC; ¾Amount of annual precipitation 630 mm. Area of Lithuania – 65.3 km2 European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] LITHUANIANLITHUANIAN FORESTFOREST TYPESTYPES (NFI(NFI--2007)2007) Pine forest 34% Forest area 2.1 mln. ha Spruce forest 18% Birch forest 20% Aspen forest 6% Black alder forest 9% Grey alder forest 7% Oak forest 2% Ash forest 2 % 70% of the forests are stands of natural origin. European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] LITUANIANLITUANIAN FORESTFOREST SITESITE TYPESTYPES (NFI(NFI--2007)2007) Humidity of soil: Fertility of soil: Slopes (>15º) 2% Very poor 5% Normal water regime 38% Poor 25% Temporarily overmoisture 37% Fertile 40% Overmoisture 7% Very fertile 27% Drained peatland 8% Especially fertile 3% Peatland 8% Totally 56 forest site types European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] RELATIONSHIPRELATIONSHIP BETWEENBETWEEN LITHUANIANLITHUANIAN SITESITE TYPESTYPES ANDAND EUROPEANEUROPEAN FORESTFOREST TYPESTYPES Lithuanian forest site types European forest types Soil fer 2. Hemiboreal and nemoral coniferous f. Site tility humidity 2.1 Hemiboreal forest - 1 Very p 2.2 Nemoral Scots pine forest- 2 oor Poor Fertile 2.3 Nemoral spruce forest- 2,3 Slopes cl Very and v fertile normal Šae vm water Ša ox re Nal Šb hox aeg 5. Mesophytic decidous forest gime Na Šc Nb Šd Šf 1 1 Nc 5.1 Pedunculate oak- hornbeam f. - 3,4 1 Nd Nf 1 2 5.3 Ashwood and oak-ash forest - 3,4 3 4 m 5.8 Ravine and slope forest - 2,3,4 (slopes) m Tem La mox porary Lb oxn o Lc cmh verm 49) oisture 1 Ld 11. Mire and swamp forest d 1 Lf 1 11.1 Spruce mire forest - 5,6,7,8 2 3 11.1 Spruce mire forest - 5,6,7,8 4 11.2 Pine mire forest - 5,7 msp l Overm msp i o o istured Ua cal 11.3 Alder swamp forest - 6,8 fil s 11.3 Alder swamp forest - 6,8 Ub Uc ur l Ud a 11.4 Birch swamp forest - 5,6,7,8 5 5 Uf13, 14 r 5 e n 6 i 6 12. Floodplain forest lsps, M D csps, rained msps, cals, 12.2 Fluvial forest - 5,6 (river protection) pea moxs cs, tland fils cirs Mams oxns urs Mb l i 7 o 7 7 Mc Md s 13. Non riverine alder, birch and aspen f. 7 c 8 i lsp 13.1 Alder forest - 2,3,4 csp n Pe c a a g tland cir 13.3 Birch forest - 2,3,4 Pa r Pb 5 Pc O 13.4 Aspen forest - 2,3,4,6,8 5 Pd 5 5 5 6 14. Introduced tree species European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] EUROPEANEUROPEAN FORESTFOREST TYPESTYPES ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA LithuanianLithuanian forestforest assessmentassessment -- 20102010 2. Hemiboreal and nemoral 5. Mesophytic decidous forest – coniferous forest – 52.1% 5.5% 2.1 Hemiboreal forest- 27.9% 5.1 Pedunculate oak- hornbeam f.- 0.9% 2.2 Nemoral Scots pine forest- 6.4% 5.3 Ashwood and oak-ash forest- 2.9% 2.3 Nemoral spruce forest- 17.8% 5.8 Ravine and slope forest- 1.7% 11. Mire and swamp forest - 12. Floodplain forest – 0.5% 17.8% 12.2 Fluvial forest- 0.5% 11.1 Spruce mire forest- 1.4% 11.2 Pine mire forest- 3.9% 13. Non riverine alder, birch and 11.3 Alder swamp forest- 5.4% aspen forest - 23.9% 11.4 Birch swamp forest- 7.1% 13.1 Alder forest- 6.8% 13.3 Birch forest- 13.5% 13.4 Aspen forest- 3.6% 14. Introduced tree species forest – 0.2% European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] 2.12.1 HEMIBOREALHEMIBOREAL FORESTFOREST ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA 27.9% of forest area “Boisoil” Project-2008 Albic Aeronosol Albic Aeronosol Gleyic Albic Podzol European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] 2.2.22 NEMORALNEMORAL SCOTSSCOTS PINEPINE FORESTFOREST ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA 6.4%6.4% ofof forestforest areaarea “Boisoil” Project-2008 Albic Aeronosol Brunic Aeronosol Brunic Aeronosol European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] 2.2.33 NEMORALNEMORAL SPRUCESPRUCE FORESTFOREST ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA 17.8%17.8% ofof forestforest areaarea “Boisoil” Project-2008 Calcic Stagnic Luvisol Brunic Aeronosol Calcic Epistagnic Luvisol European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] 5.5. MESOPHYTICMESOPHYTIC DECIDUOUSDECIDUOUS FORESTFOREST ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA 5.5%5.5% ofof forestforest areaarea “Boisoil” Project-2008 5.1 Pedunculate oak – hornbeam forest (0.9%) 5.8 Ravine and slope forest (1,7%) 5.3 Aswood and oak-ash forest (2.9%) Calcic Endogleyic Luvisol Calcic Albic Luvisol European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] 1111..22 PINEPINE MIREMIRE FORESTFOREST ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA 3.9%3.9% ofof forestforest areaarea “Boisoil” Project-2008 Leptic Fibric Histosol European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] 1111..33 ALDERALDER SWAMPSWAMP FORESTFOREST ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA 5.4%5.4% ofof forestforest areaarea “Boisoil” Project-2008 Hemic Histosol Luvic Calcic Histic Gleysol European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] 1111..44 BIRCHBIRCH SWAMPSWAMP FORESTFOREST ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA 7.1%7.1% ofof forestforest areaarea “Boisoil” Project-2008 Leptic Hemic Histosol Luvic Histic Gleysol European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] 13.13. NONNON--RIVERINERIVERINE FORESTFOREST ININ LITHUANIALITHUANIA 23.9%23.9% ofof forestforest areaarea “Boisoil” Project-2008 13.1 Alder forest (6.8%) Calcic Luvisol Calcic Stagnic Albic Luvisol 13.4 Aspen forest (3.6%) 13.3 Birch forest (13.5%) Calcic Stagnic Calcic Stagnic Luvisol Albic Luvisol European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] THETHE MAINMAIN CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS 2. Hemiboreal and nemoral 5. Mesophytic decidous forest – coniferous forest – 52.1% 5.5% The main difference between hemiboreal and nemoral Lithuanian territory is divided into 2 different areas along forest types in Lithuania is fertility of soils. More edge of hornbeam habitat. Oak stands in the south part fertile Scots pine and in particular Norway spruce are joined to Oak-hornbeam forest type, Northern oak stands are classified as nemoral coniferous forest. stands are classified as ashwood and oak-ash forest. Ash stands prefer carbonated, humid, humus, gleyic also are ed 11. Mire and swamp forest - clay loam soils and join to this forest type too. 17.8% These forest types include significantly different 12. Floodplain forest – 0.5% (by site productivity) stands. There are stands Stands on overmoistured soils in water protection area on poor and more rich overmoistured mineral soils were detected during current assessment . And natural or drained peatlands. As result very Different site indexes occur in these stands for Scots pine (15-24 m) and Birch trees (14-25 m). 13. Non riverine alder, birch and aspen forest - 23.9% 14. Introduced tree species These pioneer tree species naturally occur on destroyed coniferous and hardwood broadleaves stands, and forest – 0.2% also on Pinus mugo, Pinus banksiana, Larix sp. abandoned agricultural land. N is also increasing Quercus rubra, Fagus sylvatica, Acer negundo, umber of planted birch stands . other Populus sp. and etc. European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected] Thank you for your attention! European forest types/Technical workshop © Lithuanian State Forest Service Bordeaux, France| May 19-21, 2010 e‐mail [email protected].
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