Unsteady Flows in a Single-Stage Transonic Axial-Flow Fan Stator Row Michael Dale Hathaway Iowa State University

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1986 Unsteady flows in a single-stage transonic axial-flow fan stator row Michael Dale Hathaway Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Hathaway, Michael Dale, "Unsteady flows in a single-stage transonic axial-flow fan stator row " (1986). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8250. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8250 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6"x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. 8703709 Hathaway, Michael Dale UNSTEADY FLOWS IN A SINGLE-STAGE TRANSONIC AXIAL-FLOW FAN STATOR ROW Iowa State University PH.D. 1986 University Microfilms In t©rn £lti0 n 3.1 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Unsteady flows in a single-stage transonic axial-flow fan stator row Michael Dale Hathaway A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Mechanical Engineering Approved; Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Fèr the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1986 n TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION x SYMBOLS AND NOTATION x1 ABSTRACT x1v I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. RELATED RESEARCH 4 A. Experimental Research 4 B. Modeling Efforts 11 III. RESEARCH FACILITY 16 A. Compressor Test Facility 16 B. Research Compressor 18 C. Laser Anemometer System 21 1. Optical configuration 25 2. Flow seeding 27 3. Laser optics cart and traversing mechanism 30 4. Laser anemometer signal processor 33 5. Compressor rotor shaft-angle encoder 34 6. System computer 35 IV. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND DATA REDUCTION 36 A. Experimental Procedure 38 1. Survey setup 39 2. Preliminary LFA setup 45 3. Data acquisition 49 111 B. Data Reduction 52 1. Velocity components 54 2. Summary of average-passage model 61 3. Deterministic-velocity correlations 64 4. Turbulent-velocity correlations 67 V. PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF DATA 68 A. Uncertainty Analysis 69 1. Precision uncertainties 72 2. Bias uncertainties 73 B. Description of the Measured Flow Field 75 1. Stator-relatlve time-averaged description of measured flow field 76 2. Rotor-relative time-averaged description of measured flow field 81 3. Time resolved description of measured flow field 93 C. Unsteady-Velocity Correlations 108 1. Deterministic-velocity correlations 109 2. Turbulent-velocity correlations 129 3. Comparison between deterministic- and turbulent- velocity correlations 136 VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 140 VII. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 143 VIII. REFERENCES 145 IX. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 157 X. APPENDIX A: NASA DESIGN CODE RESULTS 158 1V XI. APPENDIX B: STATOR- AND ROTOR-RELATIVE TIME AVERAGES 190 XII. APPENDIX C: ESTIMATION OF BOUNDS ON TURBULENCE COMPONENTS 193 XIII. APPENDIX D: WAKE ENHANCEMENT PROCEDURE 198 V LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 3.1 Schematic diagram of NASA Lewis single-stage compressor test facility 17 Figure 3.2 Meridional-plane view of research compressor flow path 19 Figure 3.3 Representative rotor blade sections at three spanwise locations 20 Figure 3.4 Representative stator blade sections at three spanwise locations 22 Figure 3.5 Block diagram of laser anemometer data acquisition system 24 Figure 3.6 Layout of laser anemometer system optical components 26 Figure 3.7 View of optical access through rotor window 28 Figure 3.8 View of optical access through stator window 29 Figure 3.9 Schematic diagram of optics cart assembly 31 Figure 4.1 Research compressor stage 100 percent speed line operating characteristic 37 Figure 4.2 Meridional-plane view of research compressor flow path showing the 10 and 50 percent stream surfaces along which the laser anemometer data were acquired 40 Figure 4.3 Blade-to-blade view of the 10 and 50 percent stream surfaces showing the actual laser anemometer 41 measurement survey grids Figure 4.4 Illustration showing the relationship between the actual velocity measurements and the various averages used in the data reduction process 53 Figure 4.5 Research compressor coordinate system and laser beam geometry orientation 56 Figure 4.6 Periodicity of rotor flow field 59 vl Figure 5.1 Contour maps of the stator-relatlve time-averaged absolute velocity field along the 10 percent stream surface 77 Figure 5.2 Contour maps of the stator-relatlve time-averaged absolute velocity field along the 50 percent stream surface 78 Figure 5.3 Measured extent of the stator suction surface low velocity region along the 10 and 50 percent stream surfaces 80 Figure 5.4 Contour maps of the rotor-relative time-averaged turbulence field showing the rotor wakes and the dissipation of turbulence 82 Figure 5.5 Rotor-relative time-averaged absolute velocities along the 10 percent stream surface 84 Figure 5.6 Rotor-relative time-averaged absolute velocities along the 50 percent stream surface 86 Figure 5.7 Illustration showing laser anemometer measurements of the vortex street character of the rotor wake 88 Figure 5.8 Measured components of the rotor-relative time-averaged turbulence along the 10 percent stream surface 89 Figure 5.9 Measured components of the rotor-relative time-averaged turbulence along the 50 percent stream surface 91 Figure 5.10 Contour maps depicting the time-resolved transport and dissipation of rotor wakes through the stator row along the 10 percent stream surface 94 Figure 5.11 Contour maps depicting the time-resolved transport and dissipation of rotor wakes through the stator row along the 50 percent stream surface 95 Figure 5.12 Time-resolved character of rotor wake along the 10 percent stream surface 100 Figure 5.13 Time-resolved character of rotor wake along the 50 percent stream surface 104 vil Figure 5.14 Contour maps of the total-deterministic-veloclty correlations along the 10 percent stream surface 110 Figure 5.15 Contour maps of the total-determlnlstlc-veloclty correlations along the 50 percent stream surface 111 Figure 5.16 Stator blade-to-blade distributions of the total-determ1n1st1c-veloc1ty correlations along the 10 percent stream surface 112 Figure 5.17 Stator blade-to-blade distributions of the total-determlnlstlc-veloclty correlations along the 50 percent stream surface 115 Figure 5.18 Axial distributions of the axisymmetric total-deterministic- and Incident-velocity correlations along the 10 percent stream surface 119 Figure 5.19 Axial distributions of the axisymmetric total-deterministic- and Incident-velocity correlations along the 50 percent stream surface 120 Figure 5.20 Contour maps of the scattered-velocity correlations along the 10 percent stream surface 123 Figure 5.21 Contour maps of the scattered-velocity correlations along the 50 percent stream surface 124 Figure 5.22 Contour maps of the cross correlations between the Incident and scattered unsteady velocities along the 10 percent stream surface 126 Figure 5.23 Contour maps of the cross correlations between the Incident and scattered unsteady velocities along the 50 percent stream surface 127 Figure 5.24 Stator blade-to-blade distributions of the turbulent-velocity correlations along the 10 percent stream surface 130 Figure 5.25 Stator blade-to-blade distributions of the turbulent-velocity correlations along the 50 percent stream surface 132 Figure 5.26 Comparison between the axisymmetric values of the total-deterministic- and turbulent-velocity correlations along the 10 percent stream surface 137 v111 Figure 5.27 Comparison between the axisymmetric values of the total-deterministic- and turbulent-velocity correlations along the 50 percent stream surface 138 Figure 10.1 Rotor and stator blade manufacturing coordinate system used by NASA design code 189 Figure 11.1 Blade-to-blade view of the rotor and stator at a particular Instant In time, t, showing the relationship between the rotor- and stator-relatlve

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