Current Status of Genetically Modified Ornamentals
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Grapevine Virus Diseases: Economic Impact and Current Advances in Viral Prospection and Management1
1/22 ISSN 0100-2945 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452017411 GRAPEVINE VIRUS DISEASES: ECONOMIC IMPACT AND CURRENT ADVANCES IN VIRAL PROSPECTION AND MANAGEMENT1 MARCOS FERNANDO BASSO2, THOR VINÍCIUS MArtins FAJARDO3, PASQUALE SALDARELLI4 ABSTRACT-Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is a major vegetative propagated fruit crop with high socioeconomic importance worldwide. It is susceptible to several graft-transmitted agents that cause several diseases and substantial crop losses, reducing fruit quality and plant vigor, and shorten the longevity of vines. The vegetative propagation and frequent exchanges of propagative material among countries contribute to spread these pathogens, favoring the emergence of complex diseases. Its perennial life cycle further accelerates the mixing and introduction of several viral agents into a single plant. Currently, approximately 65 viruses belonging to different families have been reported infecting grapevines, but not all cause economically relevant diseases. The grapevine leafroll, rugose wood complex, leaf degeneration and fleck diseases are the four main disorders having worldwide economic importance. In addition, new viral species and strains have been identified and associated with economically important constraints to grape production. In Brazilian vineyards, eighteen viruses, three viroids and two virus-like diseases had already their occurrence reported and were molecularly characterized. Here, we review the current knowledge of these viruses, report advances in their diagnosis and prospection of new species, and give indications about the management of the associated grapevine diseases. Index terms: Vegetative propagation, plant viruses, crop losses, berry quality, next-generation sequencing. VIROSES EM VIDEIRAS: IMPACTO ECONÔMICO E RECENTES AVANÇOS NA PROSPECÇÃO DE VÍRUS E MANEJO DAS DOENÇAS DE ORIGEM VIRAL RESUMO-A videira (Vitis spp.) é propagada vegetativamente e considerada uma das principais culturas frutíferas por sua importância socioeconômica mundial. -
Recent Advances on Detection and Characterization of Fruit Tree Viruses Using High-Throughput Sequencing Technologies
viruses Review Recent Advances on Detection and Characterization of Fruit Tree Viruses Using High-Throughput Sequencing Technologies Varvara I. Maliogka 1,* ID , Angelantonio Minafra 2 ID , Pasquale Saldarelli 2, Ana B. Ruiz-García 3, Miroslav Glasa 4 ID , Nikolaos Katis 1 and Antonio Olmos 3 ID 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; [email protected] 2 Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (P.S.) 3 Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; [email protected] (A.B.R.-G.); [email protected] (A.O.) 4 Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2310-998716 Received: 23 July 2018; Accepted: 13 August 2018; Published: 17 August 2018 Abstract: Perennial crops, such as fruit trees, are infected by many viruses, which are transmitted through vegetative propagation and grafting of infected plant material. Some of these pathogens cause severe crop losses and often reduce the productive life of the orchards. Detection and characterization of these agents in fruit trees is challenging, however, during the last years, the wide application of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies has significantly facilitated this task. In this review, we present recent advances in the discovery, detection, and characterization of fruit tree viruses and virus-like agents accomplished by HTS approaches. -
Viral Diversity in Tree Species
Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Fitopatologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana Doctoral Thesis Viral diversity in tree species FLÁVIA MILENE BARROS NERY Brasília - DF, 2020 FLÁVIA MILENE BARROS NERY Viral diversity in tree species Thesis presented to the University of Brasília as a partial requirement for obtaining the title of Doctor in Microbiology by the Post - Graduate Program in Microbiology. Advisor Dra. Rita de Cássia Pereira Carvalho Co-advisor Dr. Fernando Lucas Melo BRASÍLIA, DF - BRAZIL FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA NERY, F.M.B Viral diversity in tree species Flávia Milene Barros Nery Brasília, 2025 Pages number: 126 Doctoral Thesis - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade de Brasília, DF. I - Virus, tree species, metagenomics, High-throughput sequencing II - Universidade de Brasília, PPBM/ IB III - Viral diversity in tree species A minha mãe Ruth Ao meu noivo Neil Dedico Agradecimentos A Deus, gratidão por tudo e por ter me dado uma família e amigos que me amam e me apoiam em todas as minhas escolhas. Minha mãe Ruth e meu noivo Neil por todo o apoio e cuidado durante os momentos mais difíceis que enfrentei durante minha jornada. Aos meus irmãos André, Diego e meu sobrinho Bruno Kawai, gratidão. Aos meus amigos de longa data Rafaelle, Evanessa, Chênia, Tati, Leo, Suzi, Camilets, Ricardito, Jorgito e Diego, saudade da nossa amizade e dos bons tempos. Amo vocês com todo o meu coração! Minha orientadora e grande amiga Profa Rita de Cássia Pereira Carvalho, a quem escolhi e fui escolhida para amar e fazer parte da família. -
The Ins and Outs of Nondestructive Cell-To-Cell and Systemic Movement of Plant Viruses
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 23(3):195–250 (2004) Copyright C Taylor and Francis Inc. ISSN: 0735-2689 print / 1549-7836 online DOI: 10.1080/07352680490452807 The Ins and Outs of Nondestructive Cell-to-Cell and Systemic Movement of Plant Viruses Elisabeth Waigmann Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9 A-1030, Vienna, Austria Shoko Ueki Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215 Kateryna Trutnyeva Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Departments at the Vienna Biocenter, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9 A-1030, Vienna, Austria Vitaly Citovsky∗ Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215 Referee: Dr. Ernest Hiebert, Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida/IFAS, P.O. Box 110680, 1541 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................196 2. Structure and Composition of Plasmodesmata, the Intercellular Conduits for Viral Movement ..............................198 3. Cell-to-Cell Transport of Plant Viruses: Have Movement Protein, Will Travel ........................................................200 3.1. MP Structure: Are Common Functions Supported by -
Phylodynamics and Codon Usage Pattern Analysis of Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2
viruses Article Phylodynamics and Codon Usage Pattern Analysis of Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2 Zhen He 1,2,* , Zhuozhuo Dong 1, Lang Qin 1 and Haifeng Gan 1 1 School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; [email protected] (Z.D.); [email protected] (L.Q.); [email protected] (H.G.) 2 Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2), which belongs to the genus Fabavirus of the family Secoviridae, is an important pathogen that causes damage to broad bean, pepper, yam, spinach and other economically important ornamental and horticultural crops worldwide. Previously, only limited reports have shown the genetic variation of BBWV2. Meanwhile, the detailed evolution- ary changes, synonymous codon usage bias and host adaptation of this virus are largely unclear. Here, we performed comprehensive analyses of the phylodynamics, reassortment, composition bias and codon usage pattern of BBWV2 using forty-two complete genome sequences of BBWV-2 isolates together with two other full-length RNA1 sequences and six full-length RNA2 sequences. Both recombination and reassortment had a significant influence on the genomic evolution of BBWV2. Through phylogenetic analysis we detected three and four lineages based on the ORF1 and ORF2 nonrecombinant sequences, respectively. The evolutionary rates of the two BBWV2 ORF coding sequences were 8.895 × 10−4 and 4.560 × 10−4 subs/site/year, respectively. We found a relatively conserved and stable genomic composition with a lower codon usage choice in the two BBWV2 protein coding sequences. -
Variability Studies of Two Prunus-Infecting Fabaviruses with the Aid of High-Throughput Sequencing
Variability Studies of Two Prunus-Infecting Fabaviruses with the Aid of High-Throughput Sequencing. Igor Koloniuk, Tatiana Sarkisova, Karel Petrzik, Ondřej Lenz, Jaroslava Přibylová, Jana Fránová, Leonidas Lotos, Christina Beta, Asimina Katsiani, Thierry Candresse, et al. To cite this version: Igor Koloniuk, Tatiana Sarkisova, Karel Petrzik, Ondřej Lenz, Jaroslava Přibylová, et al.. Variability Studies of Two Prunus-Infecting Fabaviruses with the Aid of High-Throughput Sequencing.. Viruses, MDPI, 2018, 10 (4), pp.204. 10.3390/v10040204. hal-02624929 HAL Id: hal-02624929 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02624929 Submitted on 26 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License viruses Article Variability Studies of Two Prunus-Infecting Fabaviruses with the Aid of High-Throughput Sequencing Igor Koloniuk 1,* ID , Tatiana Sarkisova 1, Karel Petrzik 1 ID , OndˇrejLenz 1, Jaroslava Pˇribylová 1, Jana Fránová 1 ID , Josef Špak 1, Leonidas Lotos 2, Christina Beta 2, Asimina Katsiani -
Evidence to Support Safe Return to Clinical Practice by Oral Health Professionals in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Repo
Evidence to support safe return to clinical practice by oral health professionals in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: A report prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer of Canada. November 2020 update This evidence synthesis was prepared for the Office of the Chief Dental Officer, based on a comprehensive review under contract by the following: Paul Allison, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Raphael Freitas de Souza, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Lilian Aboud, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Martin Morris, Library, McGill University November 30th, 2020 1 Contents Page Introduction 3 Project goal and specific objectives 3 Methods used to identify and include relevant literature 4 Report structure 5 Summary of update report 5 Report results a) Which patients are at greater risk of the consequences of COVID-19 and so 7 consideration should be given to delaying elective in-person oral health care? b) What are the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 that oral health professionals 9 should screen for prior to providing in-person health care? c) What evidence exists to support patient scheduling, waiting and other non- treatment management measures for in-person oral health care? 10 d) What evidence exists to support the use of various forms of personal protective equipment (PPE) while providing in-person oral health care? 13 e) What evidence exists to support the decontamination and re-use of PPE? 15 f) What evidence exists concerning the provision of aerosol-generating 16 procedures (AGP) as part of in-person -
Using New Tools to Detect and Characterise Plant Viruses
Using new tools to detect and characterise plant viruses by Mr Hao Luo This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 2012 1 DECLARATION The work described in this thesis was undertaken while I was an enrolled student for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. To the best of my knowledge, it contains no material or work performed by others, published or unpublished without due reference being made within the text. SIGNED_____________________ DATE___________________ 2 ABSTRACT Executive summary: The overall aim of this study was to develop new methods to detect and characterise plant viruses. Generic methods for detection of virus proteins and nucleic acids were developed to detect two plant viruses, Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV) and Cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV), neither of which were previously detected in Australia. Two new approaches, peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and next-generation nucleotide sequencing (NGS) were developed to detect novel or unexpected viruses without the need for previous knowledge of virus sequence or study. In this work, PZSV was found for the first time in Australia and also in a new host Cakile maritima using one dimensional electrophoresis and PMF. The second new virus in Australia, CNSV, was first described in Japan and then in New Zealand. -
Characterization, Epidemiology, and Ecology of a Virus Associated with Black Raspberry Decline
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Anne B. Haigren for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany and Plant Pathology, presented on January 24, 2006. Title: Characterization, Epidemiology, and Ecology of a Virus Associated with Black Raspberry Decline. Abstract .aprud: Redacted for privacy R. Martin The objective of this study was to characterize an unknown agent associated with decline in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) in Oregon.A virus was found consistently associated with decline symptoms of black raspberries and was named Black raspberry decline associated virus (BRDaV). Double stranded RNA extraction from BRDaV-infected black raspberry revealed the presence of two bands of approximately 8.5 and 7 kilobase pairs, which were cloned and sequenced. The complete nucleotide sequences of RNA 1 and RNA 2 are 7581 nt and 6364 nt, respectively, excludingthe 3' poly(A) tails.The genome structure was identical to that of Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), with the putative polyproteins being less than 50% identical to that of SMoV and other related sequenced viruses. The final 189 amino acids of the RNA-dependent- RNA-polymerase (RdRp) reveal an unusual indel with homology to A1kB-like protein domains, suggesting a role in repair of alkylation damage. This is the first report of a virus outside the Flexiviridae and ampeloviruses of the Closteroviridae to contain these domains. An RT-PCR test was designed for the detection of BRDaV from Rubus tissue. BRDaV is vectored non-persistently by the large raspberry aphid Amphorophora agathonica, the green peach aphid Mvzus persicae, and likely nonspecifically by other aphid species.Phylogenetic analysis of conserved motifs of the RdRp, helicase, and protease regions indicate that BRDaV belongs to the Sadwavirus genus. -
This Lists All Proposals Ratified at Glasgow Congress on the 10Th August 1993
New taxa ratified in 1993 [from Pringle (1993) Arch Virol 133:491-495] This lists all proposals ratified at Glasgow Congress on the 10th August 1993. These appear to be all the proposals since the 1990 Congress and are to be incorporated into the 6th Report so should contain all changes between the 5th and 6th Reports. Informal codes in red have been assigned by MJA for convenient reference but are not used in any minutes or other formal records. Bacterial viruses The Chlamydia phages [1993.01B] 1. To establish a new genus within the family Microviridae 2. To name the new genus Chlamydiamicrovirus 3. To designate Chlamydia phage Chp 1 as type virus of the genus The Mac-1 type phages [1993.02B] l. To establish a new genus within the family Microviridae 2. To name the genus containing Mac-1 and related phages Bdellomicrovirus 3. To establish Mac-1 as the type species of the genus The SSV-1 type phages [1993.03B] 1. To name the family containing SSV-1 type phages Fuselloviridae 2. To name the SSV-1 group genus Fusellovirus Protozoal and fungal viruses Totiviruses [1993.01F] 1. To revise the classification of the Giardiavirus genus of dsDNA protozoal viruses from a possible genus in the family Totiviridae to a legitimate genus 2. To establish a new genus of isometric dsRNA viruses of the parasitic protozoan Leishmania braziliensis within the family Totiviridae 3. To name the genus Leishmaniavirus 4. To designate Leishmania RNA Virus 1-1 (LRV1-1) as the type species of the genus Bacilliform viruses of fungi [1993.02F] 1. -
Plant Virus RNA Replication
eLS Plant Virus RNA Replication Alberto Carbonell*, Juan Antonio García, Carmen Simón-Mateo and Carmen Hernández *Corresponding author: Alberto Carbonell ([email protected]) A22338 Author Names and Affiliations Alberto Carbonell, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Campus UPV, Valencia, Spain Juan Antonio García, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain Carmen Simón-Mateo, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain Carmen Hernández, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Campus UPV, Valencia, Spain *Advanced article Article Contents • Introduction • Replication cycles and sites of replication of plant RNA viruses • Structure and dynamics of viral replication complexes • Viral proteins involved in plant virus RNA replication • Host proteins involved in plant virus RNA replication • Functions of viral RNA in genome replication • Concluding remarks Abstract Plant RNA viruses are obligate intracellular parasites with single-stranded (ss) or double- stranded RNA genome(s) generally encapsidated but rarely enveloped. For viruses with ssRNA genomes, the polarity of the infectious RNA (positive or negative) and the presence of one or more genomic RNA segments are the features that mostly determine the molecular mechanisms governing the replication process. RNA viruses cannot penetrate plant cell walls unaided, and must enter the cellular cytoplasm through mechanically-induced wounds or assisted by a 1 biological vector. After desencapsidation, their genome remains in the cytoplasm where it is translated, replicated, and encapsidated in a coupled manner. Replication occurs in large viral replication complexes (VRCs), tethered to modified membranes of cellular organelles and composed by the viral RNA templates and by viral and host proteins. -
Rna Viral Diversity and Dynamics Along the Antarctic Peninsula
RNA VIRAL DIVERSITY AND DYNAMICS ALONG THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʻI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN OCEANOGRAPHY MAY 2015 By Jaclyn A. Mueller Dissertation Committee: Grieg Steward, Chairperson Alexander Culley Matthew Church Craig Smith Guylaine Poisson, Outside member Key words: marine RNA viruses, viral ecology, metagenomes, viromes, nucleic acid extraction, reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Antarctica © Copyright 2015 – Jaclyn A Mueller All rights reserved. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research would not have been possible without the generosity and support of a number of people and organizations, for which I am very thankful. I would first like to acknowledge the Department of Oceanography, the Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) for supporting my research and providing such a fulfilling and enriching graduate career. I am forever indebted to the C-MORE ‘Ohana for their unwavering support and enthusiasm, while providing me the opportunity to experience outreach and education, enhance my leadership and professional development skills, and conduct my doctoral research. In particular, I thank Dr. David Karl for his insights, enthusiasm for oceanography, and continued support of my research. It has been a pleasure to work with so many bright, motivated, and inspiring scientists. I am forever grateful for the patience, guidance, encouragement, and support of my advisor, Dr. Grieg Steward. His enthusiasm and creativity are contagious, and have made this experience quite an enjoyable one. Working with him has not only taught me to be more a perceptive and critical thinker, but also a better writer and scientist.