MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG COALITION $2.00 November 1980 Vol. 1, No. 4 $2.25 in Canada

The 'pot' lobby in Congress

JAMAICA: Who turned it into a drug economy by Gretchen Small and Carlos Wesley

An alternative to drugs and rock in the schools

Int'l conference on drug abuse indicts marijuana by Ned Rosinsky, M.D. Editor-in-Chief Nora Street Hamerman International Editor Michele Steinberg Counterintelligence MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG COALITION ^3 Editor November 1980 Vol. I, No. 4 ~ Christian Curtis Medical Editor Ned Rosinsky, M.D. Senior Editor Dope, Inc. runs Vin Berg Washington foreign policy NADC News Editor by Marilyn James and Michele Steinberg Bonnie Mesaros Behind the Carter no-win strategy against heroin—a political coverup of Legislation Editor the 'China card' 12 Martha Zoller Art Director Who made Jamaica Deborah Asch a drug economy Assistant Art Director by Gretchen Small and Carlos Wesley Laurie Sloan A case history of the International Monetary Production Editor Fund forcing a nation to dope 22 Gail G. Kay Editorial Board The congressmen who of Advisers sponsored marijuana "decrim" Max Dean, Esq. David Goldman by Vin Berg and Lydia Cherry Konstandinos Kalimtgis Ridding Capitol Hill of the prodrug DeForest Z. Rathbone lobby is a priority 39 Jiirgen Spahn, M.D. Jeffrey Steinberg • Juan Torres Int'l conference on drug abuse indicts pot War on Drugs is published monthly by the National Anti- by Ned Rosinsky, M.D 59 Drug Coalition, 304 West 58th Street, 5th Floor, New York, N.Y. 10019. The views of the NADC are stated in the edito­ rials; opinions expressed in ar­ Departments ticles are not necessarily those of the coalition. Subscriptions 2 Editorial by mail are $18 for 10 issues, National news $35 for 20 issues, and $36 for 8 Reagan adviser Friedman: legalize heroin foreign air mail (10 issues). 43 Legislative calendar 44 Profile Note to readers: This issue of War on Drugs is dated Novem­ Sheila Jones on an alternative to the drug-rock culture ber to meet newsstand require­ 46 Book review ments. No monthly issue has 48 Frontline: Colombia been skipped. by Fausto Charris 49 Drugfighters' target Application to mail at second class rates pending in New Mathea Falco York, New York. Postmaster: 50 International news forward all change of address 64 Facts about drugs forms to 304 W. 58th St., 5th by Dr. Edward Christian Floor, New York, N.Y 10019.

Copyright ° November 1980 On the cover: the heroin epidemic hitting Europe and the United States National Anti-Drug Coalition was mapped out by the same geopoliticians who devised the alliance with Printed in the U.S.A. "Islamic fundamentalism" and Peking's dope pushers as a tool of U.S. All Rights Reserved foreign policy. Photo: Philip Ulanowaky ISSN 0270-2606 Editorial the "Golden Triangle" of the Far East, with Communist China in collaboration with Hong Kong playing the role of maintaining the financial and shipping apparatus for a massive "opium war" against the United States. The Drug En­ forcement Administration's re­ ports on the heroin epidemic this year essentially ignore these two centers, concentrating instead on the Golden Crescent of Iran, Paki­ End Dope, Inc. control stan and Afghanistan as the source for the heroin glut. of U.S. foreign policy Our investigation shows that Red China and Turkey are, accord­ his issue of War on Drugs is ing to overwhelming evidence, still Torganized to provide you—the the major suppliers of the drugs. antidrug educator, parent, medical A third center within the Golden doctor or other concerned individ­ Crescent is Pakistan—which has ual—with the knowledge you need close ties to both the United States of how the international drug traf­ and to Peking. ficking cartel has taken control This gives the lie to the Carter over US; foreign policy against the administration's plea that the po­ will of the majority of Americans. litical instability of the Golden From its inception, the National Crescent and lack of US influence Anti-Drug Coalition has insisted in the region tie the hands of drug on an international approach to enforcement efforts. combatting the drug plague. Bet­ ter education in our schools about Geopolitical blinders what drugs do to you (and don't The Carter White House is cov­ do) is certainly needed. But the ering up Red China's opium war fact remains that the drugs have against the United States because to come from somewhere, and that of a policy commitment initiated somewhere cannot be "lack of com­ by Henry Kissinger under the Nix­ munication between parents and on administration, the so-called their children." China card. This policy overlaps Heroin, marijuana and cocaine with another stance of the admini­ do not fall like manna from heav­ stration, Zbigniew Brzezinski's en. They are cultivated, trans­ often reiterated support for "Is­ shipped^ refined and sold on a mas­ lamic fundamentalism." sive scale. This requires sophisti­ Both the China card and the cated infrastructure and financ­ Islamic fundamentalist card stem ing. Any serious approach to law from a concept that is explained in enforcement against illegal sub­ our book review section this stances must begin by tracing the month, "geopolitics." This is the sources and means by which drugs old scheme of the British oligarchy, are reaching American markets. dating back to the 19th century, to In this issue, we have looked in surround Russia with hostile pow­ some depth at two problems of this ers on her southern flank. Since type. First, we have investigated Russia is now governed by a Soviet the hefoin epidemic now hitting rather than a czarist government, the United States. Second, we have "geopolitics" has been updated looked into one of the key Carib­ with an "anticommunist" veneer. bean sources of marijuana and the The real target is not commu­ related culture of marijuana—Ja­ nism. The purpose of geopolitics is maica. to prevent industrial capitalist The historic centers of opium countries of Western Europe, led and heroin trade are Turkey and by France and West Germany, from

2 War on Drugs / November 1980 THE R£)G TON6£-iN WHICH JI'MMITCAICIK mErsrem HSMO-P/NG

cooperating with the Soviet Union tional Monetary Fund, which with the United States. Such foreign in the kind of economic develop­ official U.S. support enjoys a vir­ policies are not only repugnant for ment projects that would stabilize tual monopoly over credit to the their overseas victims, but they Third World countries, including developing sector. How the IMF return home. the southern flank of the U.S.S.R. uses its power is shown in the case Opposing drugs means opposing To stop that kind of economic of Turkey and in our extended dos­ the economic policy that motivates development, Washington has al­ sier on Jamaica. the evil minds behind the drug lied with the most genocidal re­ Rather than strengthening the traffic. We must reject the "small gime the world has ever seen, the Jamaican economy by developing is beautiful," anti-industrial credo Chinese Communists. It has joined its industrial potential, the IMF of the oligarchy, including its ideo­ hands with the Islamic fundamen­ has acted to dismantle industry logies like Milton "Legalize Hero­ talists, otherwise known as the and slash living standards. U.S. in" Friedman. Muslim Brotherhood, the evil cult taxpayers' funds have been used to We call on all those who want to that runs the Khomeini regime help the transition to a drug econ­ win the war on drugs to work to and the government of Billy Car­ omy by funding "sociological" return U.S. foreign policy to its ter's friends in Libya. studies on the use of marijuana to historical origins. Let us first tear These are the most anticapital- make back-breaking labor beara­ up the China card. Then let us ist forces in the world today, feroc­ ble. export technological progress to iously committed to destroying the Instead of food, Jamaica is being develop the Third World and thus idea of progress upon which Amer­ encouraged to grow a new "cash create the new markets that will ica was built. crop" to pay its debts to the IMF- relaunch our own economy. The same policy was imposed on marijuana. Another, equally dan­ In so doing we will give our Ronald-Reagan by Henry Kissinger gerous export is the test tube-cre­ youth the job opportunities they at the GOP national convention in ated cult of Rastafarianism, blood lack and a moral purpose for de­ July, and written into the Republi­ brother to the Muslim Brother­ veloping their minds and making a can platform with a plank of hood in hatred of industrial prog­ contribution to the world. That is strong support for the People's Re­ ress and indeed of every trace of a powerful motive for not suc­ public of China and abandonment human civilization. cumbing to the fictitious pleasures of traditional U.S. partnership As Turkey turned to a drug econ­ of drugs. with Nationalist China (Taiwan). omy under IMF "conditionalities," Turkish heroin headed for Europe International Monetary Fund and the United States. Jamaican The other side of this picture is marijuana is being used to dope Washington's subservience to a su­ American youth and create pres­ -Nora Hamerman pranational agency, the Interna­ sure for legalization of the weed in Editor in Chief

November 1980 / War on Drugs 3 NATIONAL NEWS Special Report

The fight against dope paraphernalia Over the July 4th weekend, New state legislature a bill decriminal­ response to the increasingly bla­ York Governor Hugh Carey signed izing the possession and transfer tant activity of the pot lobby in into law two bills relating to mari­ of up to one ounce of marijuana. soliciting greater numbers of juana. One will outlaw the sale of As a result of that action, by late younger and younger drug users to drug paraphernalia—the pipes, 1978, drug usage in New York their ranks, antidrug activists bongs, cocaine spoons, chemical schoolsj statewide had increased by launched a campaign to outlaw the kits to purify cocaine for smoking, a staggering 300 percent. Now in sale and advertisement of drug and the other accoutrements of New Yd»rk City, hustlers Openly ped­ paraphernalia. drug use in the United States. The dle marijuana joints it subway The bills which have been enact­ second bill legitimizes the smoking stops and the entrance to public ed in these localities were the re­ of marijuana by hospitalized pa­ parks and even the nominal penal­ sult of hearings before the House tients who are being treated with ty of a, traffic-ticket-type fine is Select Committee on Narcotics chemotherapy for cancer, or those rarely enforced against the street Abuse and Control, and were who suffer from glaucoma. level pjushers. called at the initiative of Georgia Anyone familiar with Carey's re­ Representative Billy Lee Evans. cord on drug enforcement will im­ Marijuana epidemic At the request of antidrug groups, mediately recognize that the gov­ The drug situation iij New York the Drug Enforcement Admini­ ernor's action on paraphernalia is simply a microcosm of the prob­ stration wrote a model antipara- was a weak move to appease a lem ih communities throughout phernalia bill, which has provided growing antidrug constituency. the country. Since 1974, the pro- the basis for the legislation adopt­ The bill legitimizing the "medical" dope l^>bby has successfully propa­ ed on the state and local level. application of pot is much more in gandised the "harmlessness" of It was at these hearings that the line with Carey's previous history marijuana and other mind-alter­ problem of the pervasiveness of on drug abuse. ing drugs, leading to the worst the drug culture reflected in the In June, 1977, Carey led a per­ epidemic of drug use in U.S. paraphernalia industry and head sonal crusade to ram through the schoojs in history. Last year in shops became obvious. One inves-

4 War on Drugs / November 1980 tigator for the committee who vis­ paraphernalia were the "new purifying kit had this to say in ited ten "head shops" in the Wash­ McCarthyism" which would do defense of her product: ington, D.C. area, found that nine nothing to actually stop the use of " We are a young industry with of these were actually selling mar­ drugs. the pride and spirit of free enter­ ijuana under the counter. With remarkable candor, Kowl prise in a competitive economy But it is apparent that without stated to the committee: "Let me . . . The present policy . . . places strong antimarijuana laws, the an- admit one thing: Drugs lead to our businesses under the continual tiparaphernalia laws are useless in paraphernalia ... By definition, cloud of harassment ..." Later, stopping the drug epidemic. The you can't have drug paraphernalia when asked point blank what her same forces which created the Na­ without drugs. Tb think that it product is used for, Sher answered, tional Organization for the Reform works in reverse, that parapher­ "I believe it is used by—many peo­ of Marijuana Laws (NORML) and nalia leads to drugs is rather na­ ple will use it for cocaine." lobby for decriminalization control ive. Kowl is not alone in plugging the the multibillion dollar parapher­ "If you pass legislation similar industry which has brought such nalia industry. to the Justice Department guide­ items into the corner store as the The lawyers for these organiza­ lines, you don't eliminate any drug cocaine "Free Base" kit, a chemical tions are already in full action, use by anybody ... There will al­ distilling process for turning co­ planning the legal offensive to ways be drug paraphernalia as caine into a dangerous smokeable challenge the constitutionality of long as there are drugs. You will form. The attorney for the Acces­ the paraphernalia bills, which just arbitrarily eliminate certain sories Trade Association is Michael have been passed in about a dozen variations. Pritzker, a Chicago lawyer and localities and in two states—Indi­ "No matter what is decided here member of the powerful Pritzker ana and New York. In Indiana, the [in paraphernalia hearings], family which owns the Hyatt hotel Accessories Trade Association, the there's no way to protect children chain. Pritzker, now the law part­ organization which represents the from exposure to drugs," Kowl ner of Keith Stroup, the founder of "head shops" and paraphernalia concluded. NORML, was the trial attorney in manufacturers, already success­ Kowl and other members of the the ATA's case against Indiana. fully weakened the recent para­ Accessories Trade Association's phernalia bill on the grounds that specialty is hiding between the Lawyers for drug dealers these laws threatened the First First Amendment and the "free Both attorneys are active in de­ Amendment rights of head shop enterprise system." Candy Sher, fending drug dealers, as well as owners. The Indiana court ruled one of the owners of Select Indus­ defending the ATA which is fun­ that the law should be modified to tries of the "Free Base" cocaine nelling millions of dollars into prevent only the sale of drug-relat­ NORML's campaign to legalize ed items to youth under the age of marijuana. 18 years. For now, the antiparaphernalia bills present a mild threat to the What is the drug culture pushers. According to paraphernalia trade? Accessories Digest, head shop The leading force in the para­ owners have been "forced" to move phernalia industry is Andrew drug propaganda like High Times Kowl, publisher of Accessories Di­ away from the counter displays of gest, the magazine of the Accesso­ hashish pipes; they are careful not ries Trade Association. Kowl is one to sell their wares to people who of the trail blazers in the move­ ask for "hash" pipes or "coke" ment to legalize pot. spoons instead of just "pipes and In 1974, Kowl helped to found spoons." High Times, the dope magazine, But at the same time, 11 states along with Tom Porcade (who com­ have no criminal penalties for pos­ mitted suicide in 1978), a leader of session of marijuana, and 23 states the Yippies. Kowl now is chief edi­ allow marijuana to be used for tor of HiLife, another drug maga­ "medical" therapy. Unless the anti­ zine, modeled on High Times. drug laws are put back on the right Testifying before the November track immediately, the parapher­ 1979 congressional hearings on nalia laws, and our present gener­ paraphernalia sponsored by Billy ation of high school students (now Lee Evans, Kowl warned the com­ at 68 percent using marijuana) are mittee that drugs were part of the New York Gov. Carey with fellow "de- a lost cause. American culture and laws against crim" advocate Jimmy Carter in 1976. —Michele Steinberg

November 1980 / War on Drugs 5 had reputations of being budget- thrifty, which leads observers to suspect other motives. One source told the Anti-Drug Coalition that Threaten to terminate O'Neill and Rodino are arguing that the subject of narcotics can be The Wolff Committee handled by the House Judiciary Committee—headed by Rodino. One of the last remaining institu­ next session, it will not even be "By dismantling the Select Com­ tions still capable of providing brought up for a vote of the full mittee on Narcotics," an Anti- some vigilance over the interna­ House, which will immediately kill Drug Coalition spokesman said tional drug trade is threatened the Narcotics Committee.! this week, "the international drug with extinction: the House Select mob will have succeeded in shut­ Committee on Narcotics. Accord­ Democratic submarines ting off the American public's ave­ ing to sources on Capitol Hill, the Preliminary investigations by nue for aggressive congressional five-year-old Committee—which the National Anti-Drug Coalition investigations into this most seri­ does not have permanent status point not toward the budget- ous threat to our nation." and therefore requires House ap­ crazed conservatives—although "Handing this responsibility proval for its continued funding some of them are obviously being over to Peter Rodino would be the every two years—does not have enticed into going along—but to­ equivalent to having the prodrug enough votes lined up to ensure ward two of the more prominent lobby investigate itself," the operations beyond this year. liberals: Tip O'Neill (D-H&HJS.) and spokesman continued. "Rodino's The ostensible source of the Peter Rodino (D-N.J.). Sources on connections to Edward Kennedy's threat to the Committee is the the Hill have indicated to the Na­ Judiciary Committee on the Sen­ budget-cutting hysteria that is tional Anti-Drug Coalition that ate side—which has passed Ken­ sweeping Washington. O'Neill, who heads the caucus, and nedy's marijuana decriminaliza­ According to House sources, the Rodino are quietly telling col­ tion bill—are well known. Rodino Select Committee may be killed by leagues that while they are not and O'Neill are also known to be the Democratic Caucus between "against" the continuation of the coordinating with Benjamin Civi- August and December. If the Dem­ Select Committee on Narcotics, letti at the Justice Department, ocratic majority refuses to include "budgetary" considerations may which, through its Gestapo-like the committee in its list of items make this impossible. use of Abscam-Brilab, is setting to be brought to the floor of the O'Neill and Rodino have never this nation up for an unprecedent­ ed drug epidemic." The drug lobby may also be wor­ ried about who will be the next chairman of the Narcotics Com­ mittee if it survives. Congressional sources told War on Drugs that current chairman Lester Wolff, a New York Democrat, may be re­ placed by a more aggressive anti­ drug legislator. Wolff, a sometimes advocate of marijuana "decrimin­ alization," is part of a very curious "war on drugs" that has been launched under the auspices of certain liberal factions of the Catholic Church with funding from the Knights of Malta and Canadian liquor czar Edgar Bronf­ man. The National Anti-Drug Coali­ tion issued a statement from its New York headquarters calling for the conversion of the temporary Congressman Lester Wolff (inset) and Select Committee into a perma­ his House Select Committee on Nar­ nent House Committee on Illegal cotics Abuse in session. Narcotics, under a new chairman.

6 War on Drugs / November 1980

— 10,000 of the required 12,000 for the control it don't even live in the District of Columbia. The initia­ area. They set up co-ops where tive proposed the elimination of all they pool money for mutual assist­ criminal penalties for home culti­ ance, lawyers in case of busts, and vation and possession for "person­ guaranteed returns in case a crop al use." gets wiped out or stolen. They have "Don't worry," another top armed guards and warning sys­ NORML source said, "We'll be tems. And the price is set before back." Pointing out that some anything is even planted." form of legalization is "inevitable," A Humboldt County official de­ the NORML spokesman went on scribed the "benefits" of the dope euphorically about how marijuana trade to the local population. is "the third largest business in the "Homicides are up, robberies are United States—behind only Stand­ up, and the rate of abuse of drugs ard Oil and General Motors." like PCP is soaring. As for the Already domestic pot produc­ local people getting anything out tion feeds 10 to 15 percent of the of this, that's nonsense. The mari­ U.S. market, and in California, juana growers don't buy anything where the next crop is expected to here. They truck in everything net some $1 billion, local cultiva­ from supplies to water piping. tion represents 30-40 percent of Ninety percent of the marijuana consumption. grown here is by 'gophers'—people NORML is getting a huge boost hired by the guys who actually from key national press, which has control the crop. And you won't "discovered" that billions of dol­ find them around here." lars worth of grass is being grown The national media likes to point all over the country. out that the Humboldt County In May U.S. News & World Re­ Board of Supervisors voted down port gave glowing treatment to pot by 3-2 a proposal from the Drug growers in Humboldt and Mendo­ Enforcement Administration to cino counties, California, painting help eradicate the illegal crops. them as independence-minded However, it does not mention that A demonstrator at a recent rally to farmers and a few settled-down the three members of the board demand legal marijuana cultivation. hippies who, using "American ag­ who opposed the proposal are all ricultural methods," have devel­ representatives of the large radical oped a super-potent seedless mari­ student contingency at Humboldt NORML initiative juana, called sinsemilla. State University. Two of them have Since that time, several other been in the county for less than six fails, but pot major papers, including the New years, and the other is known to still growing York Times and the Washington have burned the American flag Post, have carried features on the while a student at Humboldt "Within two years domestic culti­ domestic pot crop. State. vation of marijuana could become No great leap of the imagination The School of Behavioral and the single largest source for the is required to see that the press is Social Sciences at Humboldt State U.S. market, surpassing even Co­ creating the "opinion climate" for is a spin-off of Operation MK-U1- lombia." This is the optimistic pre­ organized dope pushers to set up tra, the project that spread the diction of a high-level official of legalized domestic production, But LSD subculture throughout the the pro-pot National Organization a high-level drug enforcement of­ United States. According to an of­ for the Reform of Marijuana Laws ficial in California told War On ficial of the school, one faculty (NORML) after the failure of its Drugs that media portrayals of member has "ongoing relations" June effort to get referenda on the marijuana growers as local farm­ with the Esalen Institute, while ballots of California and Washing­ ers are "bull." another is tied to the Stanford ton, D.C. for the legalization of the Research Institute. Both Esalen "home cultivation" of pot. Not local farmers and SRI have been documented as NORML came up almost 60,000 "This stuff is highly coordinat­ key components of MK-Ultra. One signatures short of the 460,000 ed," he said. "They use a lot of faculty member of the Humboldt needed to get their home-grown technology, irrigation systems, School is "studying psycho­ initiative on the November ballot tags for identifying plants. There's tropics." in California, and netted only no question that the people who —Chris Curtis

November 1980 / War on Drugs 7 believe it is right to prevent some­ body else from smoking mari­ NEWS juana, as a matter of expedience, Dope, Inc. it's a terrible mistake. ... I mean, it's a terrible mistake for society to render heroin illegal because that increases the harm which heroin does. Why do we have so much crime in the inner cities? Over 50 Reagan's man Friedman percent of it is attributed to crime for the sake of acquiring money to buy heroin. ... Why is heroin so calls for legalized heroin expensive? Because it's illegal. We went through this with prohibi­ Milton Friedman, a member of Re­ Mill in here. ... "The sole end for tion. ... The reason they couldn't publican presidential candidate which mankind are warranted ... enforce it was because it wasn't Ronald Reagan's council of econom­ individually or collectively, in in­ publicly backed. If 90 percent of ic advisers, is a staunch advocate terfering with the liberty of action the public had been in favor of the of legalizing heroin and believes of any of their number is self-pro­ prohibition law, you could have that "the right to commit suicide tection. The only purpose for enforced it. is a natural human right." which power can be rightfully ex­ The following excerpts of a na­ ercised over any member of a civ­ Mr. Donahue: But I'm promising tionally telecast interview with ilized community against his will you, 90 percent of the public right Milton Friedman are from the ver­ is to prevent harm to others. ... now is in favor of enforcing pro­ batim transcript of the Phil Dona­ His own good, either physical or hibition against heroin. hue Show, on which Friedman ap­ moral, is not a sufficient warran­ Mr. Friedman: ... Even with 90 peared last April 16 to publicize his ty. " In other words ... a person percent of the people, you can't hook Free to Choose. ought to be able to kill themselves enforce it, and it does vastly more if they want. harm today because it is illegal, Right to suicide Mr. Friedman: The right to com­ than it would do if it were legal. Mr. Donahue: ... / want to show mit suicide is a natural human ... It would reduce the number you what I've taken out of your right. of heroin deaths. ... In the first book. You quoted [John Stuart] 1 place, many of the deaths come Mr. Donahue: And you don't want the government to spend any mon­ ey to prevent you from doing that. Mr. Friedman: Absolutely, no. ... Obviously I, as a friend of yours, will try to prevent you.... But let's suppose after I had reasoned with you, ... I had failed to persuade you. Do I have the right to use force to prevent you from dispos­ ing of your own life? Mr. Donahue: / think you do. ... Mr. Friedman: I certainly do not.

Mr. Donah ue: T assume then that if somebody wants to smoke mar­ ijuana, that's their business, too. Mr. Friedman: That's his busi­ ness. Absolutely.

Mr. Donahue: Are we gonna' take that to heroin, and addiction? Britain's Sid Vicious exercised his Mr. Friedman: Absolutely. ... Friedmanite "rights" by overdosing on Milton Friedman Even if on ethical principles, you heroin.

8 War on Drugs / November 1980 from impure or adulterated hero­ in, or needles that are contaminat­ ed. In the second place ... it pays a heroin pusher to create an addict because given that it's illegal, it's worth his while to spend some money on getting somebody else hooked because once hooked, he has a captive audience. If heroin were readily available everywhere, it wouldn't pay anybody to create an addict... Britain has had legal­ ized—hot heroin in general, but they have had an arrangement un­ der which certified addicts can get heroin from physicians on pre­ LaRouche paper scription. And it's done very much less harm than our system has. blasts Friedman Lyndon LaRouche, Jr.

Mr. Donahue: You'll agree that July 30—In a draft Democratic Party platform for 1980, presiden­ this is the issue that lays bare the tial candidate Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. attacked Milton Friedman whole notion of your personal for his links to the international narcotics trafficking center Hong statement, and this is where we Kong and his defense of Hong Kong as a model of "free enter­ prise." The Michigan economist, a "dark horse" contender for the get to the practical realities of Democratic nomination, was a founding member of the National sweat and blood everyday life, Anti-Drug Coalition, and in 1978 commissioned the book Dope, with parental anxiety. ... And for Inc., which exposed the Hong Kong drug-running nexus. all the adulation that you've re­ ceived, ... this is a very difficult LaRouche's draft was written as an alternative to the document platform for you to speak from. produced by the Democratic Platform Committee, which was Mr. Friedman: I don't believe so dominated by the Carter campaign. The Carter-influenced docu­ ... 'cause I believe it corresponds ment claims that "progress has been made" in reducing the to the real understanding and in­ national drug abuse problem since 1977. terest and beliefs of the vast ma­ In the section of his proposed platform titled "Monetary Policy," jority of the American people. LaRouche writes: "We of the Democratic Party denounce as a fraud and a delusion the mislabeled 'free enterprise' doctrine Mr. Donahue:... The irony is that associated with the Chicago school and Professor Milton Fried­ you are the darling of the conser­ man. Not only has Professor Friedman conceded that his dogmas vatives ... and you are as eloquent are consistent with the doctrinal outlook of Nazi Economics a spokesman against that abuse Minister Hjalmar Schacht, but the Western Hemisphere nation [of too much government] as there held up by the Chicago School as the model for Friedman's is walking around today. You are 'economic freedom' is that Chilean fascist dictatorship whose also on record as supporting the ruling circles are constructed around unreconstructed admirers candidacy of Ronald Reagan. of Adolf Hitler's regime from the 1930s and early 1940s. Mr. Friedman: Yes, indeed. "We also note Professor Friedman's citing of the case of the international heroin-distributing center at Hong Kong as an Mr. Donahue: Do I have to tell additional proof of the merits of his perverted notions of 'econom­ you what happens to Ronald Rea­ ic freedom.' It is estimated that $10 billion annually of the income gan 's candidacy if he so much as of the island of Hong Kong is gained from its key financial role, breathes agreement to the state­ together with the banks of Singapore and Bangkok, in heroin ment you've just made about production, and the principal additional source of the island's wealth is the purchase of virtual slave labor from the government drugs? of Communist China." Mr. Friedman: Well, fortunately, one of the great virtues of being a LaRouche in his letter of transmittal of the platform draft, college professor is that you can which was sent by his campaign committee to all the Democratic say exactly what you believe ... Party delegates and alternates, said that he had made powerful enemies among the "international financial interests which skim and I'm not running for office. I'd annually about $100 billion of profit from the top of the interna­ never run for office. ... And so, I tional illegal drug traffic." regard it as a great luxury that I can be irresponsible.

November 1980 / War on Drugs 9 $10 billion a year in narcotics rev­ enues passing through Hong Kong. Now Midland Bank, the dirtiest of the "big five" British clearing banks, is following the Hong Kong institutions into the United States. Third British dope bank Midland is not only closely tied to the management of Hongkong and Shanghai, but owns a 20 percent in U.S. bank takeover stake in Standard Chartered Bank A third narcotics-connected Brit­ prove the Hong Kong takeover of itself, making it the parent of one ish bank is moving into the United Marine Midland, hailed the British of the world's dirtiest institutions. States, following Hong Kong- move on Crocker National as the Last year, Standard Char­ based takeovers of two major start of a wave of British take­ tered—over objections filed by American banks in 1979 and 1980. overs. Overriding congressional Dope, Inc. authors with the Feder­ Midland Bank's proposal to buy a protests, Fed Chairman Volcker al Reserve—bought out the $5 bil­ majority stake in the $12.5 billion said, "The banking supervisors are lion Union Bank of California, a Crocker National Bank in Califor­ aware of the potential problems Los Angeles-based commercial nia would give Dope, Inc. control involved and are monitoring devel­ bank. If Midland succeeds in tak­ of another major American insti­ opments to see that the problems ing over Crocker National, which tution, following the Hongkong don't materialize." m agreed to sell the British group a and Shanghai Bank's purchase of Volcker never answered charges 51 percent interest, Dope Inc. Marine Midland Bank in New York by New YOrk State banking author­ bankers will control $17 billion in in February 1980 and the Standard ities that the Hong Kong-based, California banking assets. Chartered Bank's buyout of Union British-owned banks keep a secret Combined with HongShang's Bank of California in 1979. profit account hidden from all au­ holding of New York's Marine Mid­ Federal Reserve Chairman Paul dit. The best-selling paperback land, the dope bankers will have Volcker, who ignored protests by Dope, Inc. proved that these hid­ $30 billion of American banking New York State authorities to ap­ den accounts are the channel for assets to throw around. IN

The Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, Britain's largest dope-financing institution.

10 War on Drugs / November 1980 The 1978-released book Dope, Inc. revealed that the $200 billion world narcotics traffic was a cen­ tralized, top-down business that controlled supply and prices of narcotics more securely than any other international commodity. The center of the opium and heroin traffic, the book reported, is the British crown colony Hong Kong, where police receive $1 billion an­ nually in bribes from narcotics traffickers, according to official fig­ ures, and $10 billion in dope money changes hands each year. Dope, Inc. examined a complex of British banking institutions, centering on HongShang and Standard Chartered, and promi­ nently including Standard Char- tered's parent Midland Bank, prov­ ing that the top British aristocrat­ ic families who control these insti­ tutions have been in the dope trade since its inception and continue trading dope today. Presentation of this evidence to the Federal Reserve and New York State banking authorities delayed the HongShang's takeover of Ma­ New Solidarity rine Midland by a year. Although Fed officials refused to investigate The national newspaper the charges, the book prompted New York State authorities to re­ of the A merican System fuse the bank's application to take The twice-weekly newspaper New Solidarity was there over New York's Marine Midland in Detroit in December, 1978, when the first Anti-Drug Bank. Coalition was launched. And we've covered the war on The Carter Treasury then ar­ drugs in every issue since then. ranged for Marine Midland to switch to a national banking chart­ er, evading New York State juris­ SUBSCRIBE TODAY diction, in order to gain approval Read coverage, not coverup ior the merger. Money in the magnitude gener­ $25 tor 1 year (100 issues) $15 tor 6 months (50 issues) ated by the international drug traffic is harder to hide than the S50 for foreign airmail, 6 months drugs themselves. Drugs are the biggest money-maker in interna­ $50 for domestic first class mail, tional trade next to oil; American 1 year sales of illicit drugs, at $180 billion, $30 for domestic first class mail, are twice the sales of the auto 6 months industry. The dope traffic could not exist without a sizeable network of "laundering" institutions—which Make checks payable to: Campaigner Publications. 304 W. is why bank takeovers by British 58th St. New York, N.Y. 10019. Allow four weeks for delivery for dope banks is a threat to American first issue. security. —David Goldman

November 1980 / War on Drugs 11 Behind the Carter White House's no-win strategy against the heroin epidemic, War on Drugs investigators Marilyn James and Michele Steinberg discovered a political coverup of U.S. allies Turkey and Red China—the big opium producers.

This past March, amid great fan­ fare, a confidential report by the Drug Enforcement Administra­ tion was leaked to the public re­ vealing that the United States is about to be hit with a heroin epi­ demic surpassing even the crisis of 1969-70, when the United States had over 700,000 heroin addicts. Codenamed "Operation Cerberus," the report reveals that in 1979, opium production in the South­ west Asia "Golden Crescent" area—Iran, Pakistan and Afghan­ istan—had more than doubled to 1,500 metric tons. With Western Europe, particu­ larly the Federal Republic of Ger­ many, already glutted with this cheap and plentiful high-quality Mideast heroin, Cerberus predict­ ed a summer heroin epidemic in major U.S. cities. The cities were identified earlier this year by At­ torney General Benjamin Civiletti as New York, Baltimore, Washing­ ton, Philadelphia, Newark, Los Angeles, Atlanta and San Francis­ co. The scope of the problem in Eu­ rope was indicated by Erich Rebscher, chief of the Narcotics Division of the West German Fed­ eral Police: "Heroin in Germany is so plentiful and so potent that we've had 595 overdose deaths, al­ most twice the American total, in 1979, although we have only one- fourth the population." West Ger­ many has reported 20 to 60 percent purity in heroin intercepted at street levels. New York County District Attor-

12 War on Drugs / November 1980 ney Robert Morgenthau on July 13 Southeast Asia redrawn so that despises) the modern nation- announced that the anticipated China, the self-avowed enemy in states. Although most of what we heroin epidemic has already ar­ an "opium war" against the United have to report in this article con­ rived: The amount of heroin on the States, would be excluded from cerns the Carter administration, streets is already ten times the investigation. He also ordered an the adoption of the "China card" amount at the height of the heroin end to all reconnaissance flights by the Republican Party at its 1980 epidemic of 1970. Morgenthau also that were documenting Red convention in Detroit laid to rest criticized the Carter administra­ China's role in the heroin epidem­ hopes that a different foreign poli­ tion for lack of funding for anti- ic.1 cy could take shape under a Rea­ narcotics law enforcement. Scat­ The connecting link between gan presidency.2 As of this writing, tered reports from the emergency what we will demonstrate below to both Republicans and Democrats rooms of New York hospitals show be the two major areas over­ are committed to the "geopolitical" that deaths from heroin whelmingly documented as the strategy of installing military dic­ overdose—most of the victims source of opium and heroin—Tur­ tatorships around the southern being the occasional suburban key and Red China—is the entity rim of the Soviet Union—an out­ users hit by unexpectedly potent that controls and deploys the in- look that makes it politically un­ "fixes" in the city—are dramatical­ feasible to identify either Turkey ly up from last year. or Red China as a source of dope. War on Drugs investigators have Unless the control over Washing­ spoken with a number of retired ton's foreign policy by Dope, Inc. is narcotics officials and intelligence broken by an alerted American experts familiar with internation­ citizenry in the weeks and months al trafficking, and the picture that ahead, the United States can only emerges is far more alarming than look forward to the same heroin the "negligence" charged against assault against its youth that has the administration by Morgenthau already been hurled against our and others. These experts charge European allies by the geopoliti- that the United States government cians. Moreover, no responsible cit­ lacks the on-the-ground intelli­ izen can escape the sobering reflec­ gence to substantiate the DEA's tion that the "geopolitical" strate­ conclusions about the Golden Cres­ gy underlying the alliance with the cent origins of the heroin flood and Chinese Communists and the Is­ furthermore, that known centers lamic "fundamentalists" is cata­ of heroin refinement and distribu­ pulting the United States toward a tion, particularly Turkey and the superpower conflict with the Sovi­ Communist China-Hong Kong con­ DEA chief Bensinger. his hands are et Union at a moment when U.S. nection, are being ignored. tied by his own strategy. military capability is at an all- time low and drug addiction A familiar smell among American troops at an all- The pattern of coverup our in­ ternational traffic in mind-de­ time high. vestigations have revealed has a stroying chemical substances: familiar stench. Once before in re­ Dope, Incorporated. A losing strategy cent history the map was redrawn The authors of the "China card" One thing is certain. The top in order to hide the origins of a policy in residence at Georgetown narcotics officials of the Carter ad­ heroin epidemic in the West. This University in Washington, D.C. are ministration, Mathea'Falco, Assis­ was in 1971, when heroin abuse in also the authors of the "Arc of tant Secretary of State for Inter­ the United States was at an all- Crisis" policy that spawned the national Narcotics Matters, and time high and Henry A. Kissinger, dope-exporting centers throughout Peter Bensinger, the head of the then national security adviser in the Middle East by activating and Drug Enforcement Administra­ the Nixon administration, initiat­ supporting the terrorist Muslim tion (DEA), are using the political ed the "China card" policy leading Brotherhood, the organization be­ instability of the Golden Crescent to a military alliance with Com­ hind the Ayatollah Khomeini. area—also known as Zbigniew munist China against the Soviet In recent months, the foreign Brzezinski's Arc of Crisis—to de­ Union and the dumping of Wash­ policy establishment of the United clare that the nation is helpless to ington's long-standing partnership States has been taken over, in both stop the heroin influx. with Nationalist China (Taiwan). major parties, by this "mafia of Despite DEA's demands for At that time, intelligence veter­ mafias," backed by the British-cen­ "swift and decisive action" and its ans report, Kissinger had the co­ tered European "black nobility," admission that "eradication and ordinates of the Golden Triangle in the aristocracy that pre-dates (and crop substitution programs at the

November 1980 / War on Drugs 13 source will be a long and difficult process," the agency's rationale is that heroin can only be stopped at the point of production, the poppy fields. This is a losing strategy, to say the least. In an interview last spring, Bensinger admitted, "Can­ didly, we're not in as strong a po­ sition as we'd like to be because of the tremendous instability in the growing regions." "We could snuff it out, we be­ lieve, if we could reach it on the ground. But in Iran, practically, the government isn't in control of the country," Bensinger continued. "We've been cut off from the type 1971: Henry Kissinger toasts Chou en-lai, celebrating the "opening*] to the of cooperative enforcement efforts People's Republic of China. we had going." Mathea Falco testified before the Senate Appropriations Committee in March 1980 that U.S. efforts to deal with the threat of Mideast heroin will not be effective until the hostage crisis in Iran is over. Falco said that "Should our hos­ tages be released, and when politi­ cal conditions are appropriate, INM (International Narcotics Mat­ ters) is fully prepared to reiterate its offer of cooperation." Falco also said that "the recent Soviet inva­ sion has made efforts to cooperate on narcotics matters with the gov­ ernment of Afghanistan futile." She added that although Paki­ 1979: Carter and Zbigniew Brzezinski with Deng Xiaoping, cementing the stan is still said to be cooperating alliance with Communist China. with U.S. narcotics agencies, espe­ cially on a ban issued by President Zia on the poppy cultivation areas, the primary cultivation areas in the Northwest Frontier Province are beyond the control of any gov­ ernment.

The "purloined letter" effect Intelligence experts here have reported that the DEA makes a good case for the Golden Crescent, but that this is only part of the story. While the Golden Crescent may be responsible for opium pro­ duction, it is not the primary source of heroin refinement, nor is it likely that the Crescent serves as a channel of distribution. One former narcotics official who is ex­ 1980: Ronald Reagan and George Bush: a full endorsement of the Kissinger- pert on both Middle East and Eu­ Carter "China card." ropean drug matters compared

War on Drugs / November 1980 Turkey to Edgar Allan Poe's story European markets and Turkey's keeping the present minority gov­ of The Purloined Letter, which no function as a "corridor" for drugs ernment of Prime Minister Suley- one could find because it was hid­ from the Golden Crescent, Bensin­ man Demirel in power. den in plain sight. "Unofficially ger was silent on Turkey's heroin Kahraman told the West Ger­ eveyone agrees—DoJ, State, refinement labs and on what the man police that when he was voted DEA—that there's substantial il­ United States intends to do about out of office, he was in deep finan­ licit opium production in Turkey; them. cial trouble and sought help from but then they go and insist that Erbakan, who advised him to run the opium is coming out of the The case against Turkey heroin to Europe and even gave Golden Crescent." The following items build the him the name of a supplier. Kah­ "For the past three years there case against Turkey as a major raman reported that he received have been probably 100 significant illicit poppy cultivation center, a $10,000 per kilo and that the rest heroin seizures in Europe and center for processing opium grown of the proceeds was split between they've all been linked to Turkey. in the Golden Crescent into heroin, the supplier and Erbakan. Erbak­ Next to Turkey, before the fall of and a center for distribution to the an publicly denied these allega­ the Shah, a lot of heroin was being European market: tions. But narcotics officials on produced in Iran, but the bulk was • Last year, Turkey destroyed both sides of the Atlantic point out being consumed internally, al­ 172 acres of unlicensed fields, that when Erbakan controlled Tur­ though some, granted, may have which if harvested had the poten­ key's Interior Ministry from 1974 made its way into Europe and the tial to produce 120 kilos (about 265 to 1977, they received the least United States. pounds) of high purity heroin. cooperation from Turkish officials. "The case for Turkey as a center • European narcotics experts • There have been three sei­ of opium and heroin production is disagree with both DEA and the zures of heroin refining laborato­ very strong; the Turks are well State Department, and assert that ries in eastern Turkey during the organized. Out of Afghanistan or Turkey is indeed a major illicit 1979-80 period, according to DEA. Pakistan they just don't have the poppy cultivation center. They • The hundreds of thousands of network for distribution, and as point out that if all the heroin Turkish guest workers ("gastarbei- for its [opium] coming out of there, brought into Europe by Turkish ter") who go back and forth be­ DEA doesn't have the documents. couriers had really originated in tween Westen Europe and Turkey ... I challenged them to produce Afghanistan and Pakistan as provide Turkish heroin dealers the documentation, [and] they claimed, it would not be selling in with a large manpower pool for couldn't; but they're yakking up Istanbul at the vey low price of bringing the drug into Europe. Eu­ the Crescent anyway." $8,000 per kilo. ropean customs officials are unable The Carter administration has • In its confidential report on to check all of these possible smug­ persistently given Turkey a clean the Golden Crescent (Operation glers, because of the sheer num­ bill of health. Palco told the Con­ Cerberus), the DEA's map indi­ bers involved. Luggage, privately gress in March that "evidence in­ cates the locations of illicit poppy owned vehicles, and cargo aboard dicates that Turkey serves as a cultivation and conversion labs. commercial Transporte Interna­ location for opium refinement, al­ The bulk of the labs are located in tionale Routier (TIR) trucks pro­ though not for significant opium eastern Turkey, with some of them vide the means of concealment. production." An aide of Falco iden­ in neighboring western Iran. In West Germany, where about 1 tified "Turkish workers who work • The Turkish government pro­ million Turkish nationals reside, in Germany" as "the source of a vides high level protection to the between gastarbeiter and illegal great deal of heroin, but whether illicit poppy and heroin suppliers. aliens, authorities credit Turks or not Turkey is a major producer A prime example is the case of with importing more than 70 per­ of heroin is really very much up in Halit Kahraman, arrested by West cent of the illegal heroin distribut­ the air, and we [at State] would German police on Aug. 14, 1978 ed throughout Europe. not characterize them that way." after he tried to sell 3.6 kilos of This European picture is com- Bensinger toured Turkey in ear­ heroin to an undercover agent. . plemented by evidence that in the ly July and brought back glowing Kahraman, who had served in the United States, Latin American reports of the government's strin­ Turkish National Assembly from distributors largely involved in the gent control of the legal poppy 1973 to 1978 as a member of the distribution of Mexican heroin cultivation area (the crop is grown Muslim Brotherhood-linked Na­ have made contact with their Turk­ for the manufacture of narcotics tional Salvation Party, got in­ ish counterparts. Last August, two for medicinal purposes) and the volved in heroin trafficking Cubans, Porfirio Aguilar and Fer­ high level of cooperation between through Necemettin Erbakan, the nando Alvarez, were arrested U.S. and Turkish narcotics agen­ former deputy prime minister and along with a Turkish-American cies. While he acknowledged the present leader of the NSP, which Hasan Taksin Diingor, when they use of Turks as couriers to the provides parliamentary support tried to sell 2 kilos of Mideast

November 1980 / War on Drugs 15 heroin to New York City undercov­ the organizer of the Grey Wolves, three-year period—the largest er police. neofascist secret societies with loan in the IMF's history. The heroin was part of a 12-kilo chapters in 121 West German cities. In 1972, when the ban on opium shipment which had allegedly been Several months ago, the leading production was imposed on Turkey sent from Istanbul to Celal Yiiksel, Turkish newspaper, Cumhuriyet, by the United States, the estimat­ a Turkish citizen who operated a published a letter from an NAP ed income from the illicit opium night club in Manhattan. All were defector who detailed how the par­ market was in the order of $48 indicted and pleaded guilty. ty uses drug running to finance the million per year. In 1974, Turkey purchase df weapons for its sizable was forced to reestablish con­ The politics of paramilitary force inside Turkey. trolled opium cultivation for phar­ dope in Turkey In a vote of confidence in the Turk­ maceutical purposes, since the Both for internal political and ish parliament some weeks ago, crop substitution program out­ for economic reasons, it is almost both the NAP and the NSP—the lined by the United States in 1971 inconceivable that Turkey is not Khomeiniac group—swung their1 was a failure. involved in illicit opium produc­ small number of votes to Demirel Exactly as is detailed elsewhere tion, as well as refining and dis­ to allow him to narrowly win the in this issue for the case of Jamai­ tributing opium grown in other vote. ca, the IMF conditions outlined for areas. approving the recent loan are mak­ Recent events in Turkey totally Enter the IMF , . J ing it impossible to foresee any contradict DEA chief Bensinger's On the economic front, the case economic recovery for Turkey rosy picture of a "stable" govern­ for Turkey's dependency on the op­ through legitimate industrial and ment with tight police control over ium trade is convincing. An article agricultural exports. These condi- opium growing regions. Terrorism in the London Financial Times last tionalities include: devaluation of is rampant; in late May the death June noted that the economic cri­ the Turkish lira (it has been deval­ rate from terrorist attacks and sis is so grave in Turkey that Pre- ued 66 percent during Demirel's gang warfare among neofascist mire Demirel had announced that eight months in power); the rais­ parties like the Nationalist Action domestic banks will be allowed to ing of the interest rate ceiling; the Party and the National Salvation accept deposits from the black ending of state subsidies to con­ Party averaged four per day. Both market, in any currency, no ques­ sumer product markets and public the NAP and the NSP have had tions asked. This action was timed services, further increasing infla­ leaders of their parties arrested in with the granting of an Interna­ tion, which was already over 100 France and West Germany on her­ tional Monetary Fund loan of $1.6 percent annually as of January, oin running charges. The NAP is billion to be given to Turkey over a 1980; and curtailment of Turkish The Golden Crescent: Illicit Source of Opiates

The opium growing and heroin conversion areas of ike "Golden Crescent" as mapped by the DEA.

16 War on Drugs / November 1980 trade with the East bloc's trading entity, the Comecon, a lucrative export market. Estimated Illicit Opium Similar economic conditions were imposed on Turkey in 1970-71, Production (1979) and illicit opium sales climbed to (according to the DEA) 90 metric tons a year, as the drug replaced the unstable lira in the black market as a form of "hard currency"! An IMF official dealing with Tur­ key was interviewed in Washing­ ton and indicated that he is aware, but unconcerned about Turkey re­ sorting to opium sales to meet its economic difficulties. "Needless to say, we hardly discuss the black market in policy discussions," he commented. "We view situations only in macroeconomic terms. The remainder of the loan package will be based on performance criteria. Turkey has taken the necessary steps to cut its losses...."

Turkish dope into Europe In the past, Turkish poppy culti­ vators processed their opium gum the pre-1972 "French Connection," Spadafora and Monterreale, and into morphine base which could experts say, is that Turkey has de­ the protection of a substantial part then be easily transported from veloped its own refining capability of the political class, especially in the villages to collection points in and cut out the European middle­ the Socialist Parties of France and small cities. There, it was safely men. One narcotics official report­ Italy. stored until a "patron" in Istanbul ed that the Turks are demanding From right after World War II placed an order for shipment to too high a price for their morphine until around 1972, 80 percent of the Europe. base right now, which hinders the U.S. heroin market was supplied The overland smuggling route revival of the European refining by French sources. Most of the op­ went through the Balkans to Yu­ and distribution network. ium and morphine that was used goslavia, and then branched out But if the Turkish "industry" is came from Turkey, and it was pro­ either to the north or southward to servicing Western Europe on its cessed in the laboratories of south­ labs in Italy and France. Morphine own account, nonetheless evidence ern France into white, high purity was also shipped directly to the is mounting fast that the old heroin. The Turkish opium produc­ Italian and French ports. French Connection is reemerging tion ban of 1972 coupled with the The routes currently employed rapidly for the U.S. market, which intensive international campaign are the same ones used in the past, it dominated totally until around of President Nixon's short-lived according to reports from both 1972. "war on drugs" led to the arrests DEA officials and their European and conviction of dozens of French counterparts. European officials The French Connection Connection chemists and major report that the traffic that branch­ The French Connection was the traffickers. By 1973-74, the "Con­ es southward to France and to the popular collective name for a traf­ nection" was broken. Trieste area in Italy (just over the ficking network that included the Though worried, Drug Enforce­ border from Yugoslavia) supplies Union Corse (the Corsican domi­ ment Agency officials tend to dis­ the growing population of Italian nated organized crime group in count the French Connection as an heroin addicts. It also provides a France), the Sicilian based Mafia, immediate threat today. Thomas lucrative export market for Sicil­ and the organized crime families Sparks, intelligence coordinator on ian-based organized crime net­ in the United States and Canada. Mideast heroin for the DEA's re­ works, of which we shall hear These big-time drug pushers enjoy gional headquarters in Paris, said more below. the sponsorship of some of the earlier this year that "increasingly, The significant difference be­ oldest "black noble" families in there have been heroin shipments tween today's traffic and that of Europe, such as the Sicilian counts going directly from Sicily to Mafia

November 1980 / War on Drugs 17 groups in New York," and that "the not only with their heroin habits, to NATO, particularly in Europe, French end of it is not reestab­ but with heroin as well. According where over 8,000 men—equivalent lished so well yet." to a DEA report, active duty and of half a division—were arrested retired military personnel were re­ on drug charges over the past year. The Red China connection sponsible for "smuggling more In the state of Hessen in West The fact that the documentation than 450 kilograms of Southeast Germany, site of major U.S. bases, on Turkish involvement in the her­ Asian heroin into the United law enforcement officials report oin trade is being brushed aside is States between the years 1968 and that Southeast Asian heroin is as not an oversight. The U.S. State 1976"—an amount worth almost $1 plentiful as the Middle East varie­ Department's treatment of Com­ billion in street sales, according to ty, with seizures last year turning munist China since the reign of DEA figures. up 50 percent of the heroin origi­ Henry Kissinger as Richard Nix­ While Kissinger turned around nating in the Golden Triangle. on's national security adviser has and made an alliance with the Golden Triangle heroin account­ established that drug eradication Communiist Chinese, the U.S. mili­ ed for 38 percent of the U.S. domes­ is considered low on the priority tary never fully recovered from tic market in 1978, and close to 30 list compared to "geopolitics"—the Peking's opium war. Drug abuse percent in 1979. dream of encircling and conquer­ among U.S. troops continues to Until 1971, the involvement of ing Russia. constitute a major security threat Communist China in the opium Aside from the fact that they are all dope runners, and widely acknowledged as such, the Khom- einiacs in Iran, the Afghani rebels being supported by the U.S. State Department, and the Muslim The French Connection regrouping? Brotherhood thugs that have mus­ Sicily may be being built up as a base of operations for the French cled their way into a blackmail Connection. The evidence: power over the Turkish govern­ • Dec. 23,1977: 3.4 kilos of 89 percent pure Mideast heroin were ment with the good graces of the seized at Kennedy International Airport in New York. The drug International Monetary Fund have was smuggled on an Alitalia flight originating in Palermo, Sicily. one other thing in common: the • June 21, 1978: U.S. Customs officials seized 5.8 kilos of 80 anti-industrial world outlook of percent pure Southwest Asian heroin at Kennedy International Maoism. Airport. It was concealed in a canister of olive oil smuggled into And aside from the most brutal the United States aboard an Alitalia flight from Palermo. Further dictatorship the world has yet investigation revealed that the heroin had been obtained in seen, Maoism means an opium war France by individuals traditionally involved in the French Connec­ against the United States. In 1965, tion networks in Sicily and the United States. only a few years before Kissinger H Jan. 16, 1980: 23.5 kilos of 90 percent pure Mideast heroin launched the "China card," the for­ weije seized at Kennedy International Airport by U.S. Customs. eign minister of Peking, Chou en- The heroin was found concealed inside two suitcases in the lai, told Egyptian President Nas­ unclaimed baggage area. The suitcases had been loaded aboard ser: "Some of them [U.S. soldiers] an Alitalia plane in Palermo bound for Rome. At Rome, the are trying opium and we are help­ shipment was transferred to a TWA plane and flown to Kennedy. ing them. We are planting the best •i A significant number of raids conducted by French and kinds of poppies especially for the Italian police between Marseilles and Milan since last summer American soldiers in Vietnam. ... have led to the arrest of two French Connection "grandfathers," We want them to maintain a large Antoine Rastoni and Jean Jehan. army in Vietnam that will serve us Italian police speculate that the buildup of the Sicilian base as a hostage, and we wish to de­ may be a factor in the rash of murders on the island since last moralize the troops. The effect of year. A journalist, several local politicians, and police commis- this demoralization on the United skmer Boris Giuliano have been killed. Giuliano at the time of his States will be greater than anyone 3 death was investigating French-Italian-U.S. drug trafficking oper­ can imagine." ations in Sicily. Carmine Galante, a New York mafia chieftain Many of the American troops in whom Giuliano was investigating intensely, was also "rubbed Vietnam did become addicted to out" in July 1979. Police conjecture that the Galante murder may the high-quality (up to 90 percent have stemmed from his alleged muscling operations against rival pure) No. 4 heroin produced in the crime families, as well as a renewed involvement in the French Golden Triangle area of Southeast Connection. Asia—Burma, Laos, Thailand and China. They returned from Asia

18 War on Drugs / November 1980 and heroin financing, production and transport was a well publi­ cized subject of concern by U.S. officials. Harry Anslinger, the first- chief of the U.S. Bureau of Narcot­ ics said in 1961, "Heroin made in Chinese factories out of poppies grown in China is smuggled into Hong Kong and onto freighters and planes to Malaysia, Macao, the Philippines, the Hawaiian Islands, and the United States.. . ." Catherine Lamour and Michael R. Lamberti in their book, The Second Opium War, reported that "in 1971 on their return from a mission to Asia, two American A seizure of heroin in Hong Kong; it had been hermetically sealed in fruit cans. congressmen, Morgan M. Murphy and Robert H. Steele, proclaimed aloud what had hitherto been only in into the West coincides with an accessible without roads, except a whisper, namely that 10 to 15 escalation of Kissinger's China for transport by slow moving car­ percent of the American expedi­ card policy under the Carter White avan. To handle production in the tionary force was known to take House, extended by Defense Sec­ Golden Triangle, roads had to be heroin." retary Harold Brown and National constructed and airstrips built." The last public attack on the Security Adviser Brzezinski. In As documented in the book, China-Hong Kong heroin axis oc­ January 1980 Brown was quoted Dope, Inc. by Kalimtgis, Steinberg curred in 1973 when Congressman by the U.S. news media during an and Goldman, China's main inter­ Lester Wolff visited Hong Kong on official visit to China saying, "I est in the opium trade is in ship­ behalf of the House Select Com­ hope one day American troops and ping and financing, not as a pro­ mittee on Drug Abuse. Citing the Chinese troops will stand together ducer. Through the expatriate Nixon administration's effective against the common enemy." He communities of Ch'ao Chou Chi­ crackdown on Turkish heroin and called for "coordination of policies nese throughout Southeast Asia, the spread of Golden Triangle her­ against the Soviet threat." In­ the Peking regime controls every oin, Wolff stated, "All the narcotics formed sources report that behind step of moving the illicit opium entering the United States must the scenes, Brown's visit and a through production and onto mar­ be coming from somewhere else, similar one by Brzezinski included ket. These expatriates have sent the center of which is Hong Kong." arrangements to provide U.S. mili­ tens of millions of dollars of "re­ But all official concern about Red tary technology to aid the Red Chi­ mittances" back to families in Chinese heroin came abruptly to nese in their defense capability China since the 1950s. In the mid- an end, thanks to Kissinger. It was against the Soviet Union. 1960s, Peking determined that a Kissinger who in late 1971 ordered more lucrative approach would be the termination of reconnaissance The Pakistan puzzle to use the Ch'ao Chou directly as a flights over the Golden Triangle One knowledgeable source who source for foreign reserves by hav­ area which were being used to spent years investigating the Gold­ ing the remittances paid to British compile a "poppy cultivation map" en Triangle emphasized that China controlled banks in Hong Kong. for Nixon's newly constituted Cab­ still has one of the only in-depth Peking holds its foreign reserves in inet Committee for International capabilities for handling the two leading banks of the interna­ Narcotics Control. The flights had amount of opium specified in the tional drug trade, the Hongkong been ordered by a member of the DEA and State Department's re­ and Shanghai Banking Corp., and committee, Nelson Gross, and in­ cent reports. "Consider for a mo­ the Standard and Chartered of cluded the Yunnan province of the ment," the source said, "the tre­ Hong Kong. People's Republic of China, which mendous logistical difficulties in This provides a thread leading borders the other three countries moving raw opium or even mor­ back to the single exception in the of the Triangle—Burma, Laos, and phine base out of these areas. Iran assessment of the expert just cit­ Thailand. Kissinger's rationale is in a state of virtual civil war ed: Pakistan, a political ally of was that the flights would be pro- among tribes in the opium growing China that receives military aid vocatory to the Maoist regime. western areas; Afghanistan is un­ from Peking at the rate of several The reader should consider the der occupation by the Soviet army. hundred million dollars a year for fact that the latest deluge of hero- The opium areas are virtually in­ defense against the U.S.S.R.

November 1980 / War on Drugs 19 Of the three countries identified as the Golden Crescent, the United States has friendly relations only with Pakistan, Red China's ally. Mathea Falco has stated that much of the information publicized in the Cerberus report was provided by Pakistan's ruler General Zia. Pakistan is also at present the cen­ ter for anti-Soviet insurgents from Afghanistan. It is well established that these "Afghan rebels" are fi­ nancing their military efforts The chemistry to make heroin through the opium trade and the good graces of the Communist Chi­ Only basic knowledge of chemistry is required to refine opium nese. gum into morphine base and heroin. Howeyer, conversion to high Most of the illicit opium pro­ purity "white" heroin requires considerable expertise and equip­ duced in Pakistan comes from the ment. From poppy to white heroin, the production of opiates region known as the Northwest moves from Chinese peasant to professional chemist, in the Frontier Province (NFP), an area following three-phase process. between the Khyber Pass (a wide plateau that cuts horizontally Phase one: Poppy pods are lanced by incisions made vertically or across both Pakistan and Afghani­ horizontally, allowing collection of the opium "gum" that oozes stan) and the Chinese border. out of the pod. Impurities are separated out; the opium gum is These areas are populated by au­ then dried. The separation process may be repeated several times tonomous seminomadic tribes who before the "gum" can be kneaded into loaves or ball shapes, ready traditionally deal in opium culti­ for transport to the conversion lab. vation and recognize no central government authority. In 1979, the Phase two: The opium gum is mixed with water and heated to a DEA reports that two heroin pro­ temperature just below boiling point. Lime is added to the ducing laboratories were discov­ solution to separate the opium from the morphine. This morphine ered in the Pakistan NFP. solution must be heated and treated with ammonium chloride A Chinese-built highway used which precipitates the morphine from water. The result is mor­ for the transport of weapons and phine base which, in turn, is dried and purified with ether. other logistical aid and contraband between Pakistan and China cuts Phase three: Morphine base refinement into high purity market­ directly through the NFP connect­ able heroin must begin with repurification of the base using ing the Chinese border to Islama­ acetone, which acts to separate the morlphine base from other bad in central Pakistan. It is be­ alkaloids such as codeine. Then, it must be passed through a lieved that this road, patrolled in filter, into a flask where the base is further purified using tartaric some parts by the bellicose tribes acid, and dried. At this stage, the basei must be treated with of the area, has also been used for acetic anhydride—one part morphine to two parts acetic anhy­ transporting the critical chemi­ dride—and heated again. Temperatures must be carefully con­ cals, like acetic anhydride, without trolled: Should the solution go beyond the boiling point, an which heroin cannot be produced. explosion can occur. The excess acid is distilled from the solution, Thus, "Golden Crescent" heroin which when cooled yields an impure heroin in a solid form. This is being aided by Communist heroin (diacetylmorphine hydrochloride) must be washed with China, exactly as Communist water and bone black, filtered, precipitated with sodium carbon­ China built the Golden Triangle's ate or ammonia, dried and sifted. Afterwards, it must be purified production by building airstrips again using water and tartaric acid, whitened, filtered, precipitat­ and roads in Laos and Burma. ed, dried, sifted. Finally, it is tested for purity. Once the heroin Grown and processed into heroin has reached the desired purity levels, i|t must be subjected to inside Pakistan, with Chinese sup­ hydrochloration—it is passed through a boiling acetone solution port, the drug is transported into to which exact amounts of alcohol and hydrochloric acid must be China and from there into the al­ added. Then, it is cooled and dried. ready well-established transship­ Only now is the heroin ready for "market.' ment centers of Bangkok and Hong Kong. A clever deception for drug in-

20 • War on Drugs / November 1980 Wo/tOKDtugs

REPRINTS For classroom, community and drug education programs

The Presidential Candidates Answer Questions About Drugs Carter, Kennedy, LaRouche, Reagan and Anderson take their stand on the drug plague. August 1980 8 pp. with illustrations

The Biological Effects of Marijuana Poppy cultivation in Pakistan's Northwest Frontier Province. by Dr. Gabriel Nahas What the media blacks out about marijuana's medical impact—by one of the world's leading telligence officials: When it is con­ But the biggest open question is experts. fiscated on the streets of Frankfurt what the U.S. government is going June 1980 10 pp. with illustrations or New York, heroin signature tests to do. The Sex Education Conspiracy: would establish the heroin's origin Domestic narcotics enforcement Brainwashing by Perversion as Golden Crescent—obscuring the under the Civiletti Justice Depart­ by Christian Curtis Chinese source. ment has deteriorated so much The backers of "sex education" are the same Over the last year, the People's that it is almost impossible to de­ crowd that created the drug culture. Republic of China has been in­ termine the magnitude of the her­ July 1980 8 pp. volved in the large-scale purchase oin problem. In New York City, the How Carter Let the World's Biggest of armaments with no correspond­ number of heroin related deaths in Dope Bank into the U.S. ing increase in exports to raise hospital emergency rooms has not by Dave Goldman foreign capital, and no known fi­ been monitored since 1973, al­ How did the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank grab nancing of these purchases though this is a key indicator for control of Marine Midland Bank, one of our through international credit insti­ both the number of addicts and nation's largest commercial banks? tutions. Where is the reserve capi­ the purity of heroin on the streets. July 1980 6 pp. with charts tal coming from? Given the rela­ Police departments in the heroin tionship of the Hong Kong banking target cities identified by Civiletti network to Peking and the expa­ in a February special White House All reprints available for triate Chinese drug-runners, the meeting on the narcotics problem, $1.00 each answers would provide a key to have not received a penny in in­ 50 for $25 narcotics financing. creased federal funds to deal with 100 for $35 In Turkey, one year before its the problem. recent huge loan, the International Make checks payable to Monetary Fund blocked a proposal Footnotes for a much smaller loan package 1. See Kalimtgis et al., Dope, Inc., Britain's Op­ ium War Against the United States, New York: being offered by West German and New Benjamin Franklin House Publishing Co., other European bankers for expan­ Inc., 1978, p. 113-139. Wot onDtwgs sion of industry and agriculture. Is 2. See "The GOP Platform: Praise for Peking, Threats to Europe," Executive Intelligence Re­ the "poppy, Turkey's oil," as has National Anti-Drug Coalition been suggested, the IMF's "solu­ view, July 29, 1980, p. 55. 3. Kalimtgis et al., Dope, Inc., New York: New 304 West 58th St., 5th Floor tion" to an export-starved econo­ Benjamin Franklin House Publishing Co., Inc., my? 1978, p. 113. New York, N.Y. 10019

November 1980 / War on Drugs 21

A Who made Jamaica a drug economy [ An International Monetary Fund 'economic cure'

22 War on Drugs / November 1980 n the past three years, Jamaica black slaves for sugar plantations. I has become one of the major But estimates of marijuana sources of the marijuana flooding usage in Jamaica are now that 65 into the United States, supplying percent of the population are reg­ an estimated 10 percent of the ular users, probably a conservative growing U.S. market, a share that estimate; it is certainly higher in will increase if U.S. policy toward the poorer areas of the country. the developing sector does not And "regular" usage goes far be­ change—and fast. Smugglers are yond what even most pot-smoking increasingly turning Jamaican American hedonists can imagine. marijuana into "hashish oil," a Many Jamaican agricultural work­ powerful concentrate of the drug, ers smoke, drink, and eat "ganja" allowing some 200 pounds of at incredible levels as they work "grass" to be reduced to one, small under conditions not much ad­ bottle for easy smuggling. vanced over the British plantation Within Jamaica, marijuana has days. assumed an even greater signifi­ Spokesmen for Jake Javits's Na­ cance, where it is by far and away tional Organization for the Reform the only major "profitable" sector of Marijuana Laws (NORML), of the economy left. Marijuana America's largest public drug lob­ trade in Jamaica is now netting up by, estimate Jamaica's potential at to one half billion dollars a year, in $5 billion worth of marijuana pro­ an amount equaling half of Jamai­ duction—that's wholesale figures ca's total legal export earnings! —within two to three years. In Jamaica's otherwise shattered Its market? Wholly the United economy, marijuana in fact is fast States. becoming the focal point of all eco­ Jamaica was targeted as a key nomic activity, with the interna­ production center by the U.S. drug tional drug traffickers effectively lobby several years ago. In July running four of Jamaica's parishes 1977, Keith Stroup, the Washing­ (the equivalent of a state) the way ton-based lawyer who formerly the drug mafias run the Guajira headed NORML, laid out to an Peninsula in Colombia. "The key is antidrug researcher a scenario for that a whole political-economic using the successful establishment milieu has grown up" around the of a drug economy in Jamaica to traffic, commented one prodrug force through legalization in the anthropologist who frequents the United States. island. "The Americans who buy Admitting that the primary ob­ the crop agree to pay any fines, stacles to drug legalization-for-ex- provide legal aid if required, and port in Colombia, Costa Rica or even sometimes tractors to clear Jamaica lie in the United States, the land." "Guaranteed" markets Stroup recommended the follow­ have reoriented local food produc­ ing intervening steps to weaken ers to drugs. According to one re­ and destroy U.S. opposition: First, port, up to one-half million small countries like Jamaica should open farmers now depend at least part­ up drug availability to tourists vis­ ly on marijuana for income—20 iting the island. Let the word get percent of the entire population. around, Stroup said, that you can From the IMF to the "Dope, Not surprisingly, drug usage in "get stoned in the sun" in Jamaica. Inc." oligarchy in Jamaica and Jamaica itself has soared with the The second step is to establish a introduction of large-scale com­ "free port" from which smugglers Canada, to the social mercial cultivation for export. can easily pick up the drug and engineering projects that Marijuana, or "ganja" as it is ferry it across to the southern created the Rastafarian cult called locally, has been a perennial United States. By building up the ofganja, Gretchen Small and problem in Jamaica since the Brit­ financial flows of the drug trade ish introduced the plant to pacify and furthering corruption around Carlos Wesley trace the story indentured servants brought over its extension, you establish the ba­ of a nation forced to export from India in the 1850s to supple­ sis for arguing "legalization" as drugs for cash. ment the dwindling supply of the only solution.

November 1980 / War on Drugs 23 Stroup suggested five years ization of drug usage and export in would be required to see success: Jamaica. The story of Jamaica's U.S. legalization by 1982, as the degradation into a drug economy aftermath of a monstrous drug ep­ is one of those stark cases in the idemic already well established. world today of how the IMF has Three years later, despite this or brought entire nations to their that setback, Stroup's scenario is knees—and then imposed drugs as moving ahead—right on target. the "solution." Selective de facto decriminaliza­ Jamaica was not always a com­ tion for tourists is already in force mercial-scale producer of mari­ in Jamaica, the current director of juana. Export-geared cultivation NORML, Gordon Brownell, told of the weed began seriously when another researcher in July, and Ne- Mexico's crackdown on drug pro­ gril Beach, one of the newer tour­ duction and border smuggling sent ist areas on the island, is now de international traffickers scurrying facto serving as the "free port" to new ground in the mid 1970s. suggested by Stroup. Drugs are so Initially, joint operations between available in that hedonist haven, the Jamaican government and the famous for nude beaches and or­ U.S. Drug Enforcement Admini­ gies as well as drugs, that it is stration hit traffickers hard. "Ja­ almost a "nuisance factor," Brow­ Prime Minister Michael Monkey: tar­ maican marijuana was even scarce nell said, reporting that during a geted for ^•berthrovo in the U.S." at that time, one recent "vacation" to Jamaica he J i'j . I : I NORML official complained. found pushers swarming all over The elimination of the Manley During the past two years, how­ Negril Beach, offering marijuana government is the next step. De­ ever, marijuana production in­ and cocaine to passersby. spite the inroads Dope, Inc. forced creased "exponentially" in Jamai­ Negril Beach was the focus of a through during Manley's: turn of ca, according to U.S. drug enforce­ scandal in Jamaica earlier when it office, Manley's continued refusal ment officials—precisely the peri­ was reported that a new airstrip to turn Jamaica into a new Para­ od of direct IMF "surveillance" had been put in, owned by the dise Island Sodom and Gomorrah over Jamaica's economy—also pre­ Jamaican government. One of the by institutionalizing gambling and cisely the period of the Carter ad­ key figures in Negril Beach's oper­ drugs sti 1 stands in the wjay. ministration's rule. ation is Sir Kenneth McNeil, a sen­ It's no fonder drug lobbyists are Jamaica, like most of the non-oil ator from the People's National calm about apparent stalemates in producing countries in the so- Party connected with Jamaica's pushing through their decriminal­ called Third World, was hit hard drug lobby for over 20 years. ization ppns in the United States. by the 1974 quadrupling of oil Now, legalization of marijuana Don't wqrry about the current en­ prices and the subsequent spiral- is a leading political issue in up­ vironment against legalization, ing of inflation internationally. De­ coming elections in Jamaica, ex­ Brownelj told his caller. Marijuana pending primarily on agricultural pected sometime in October. The use is spreading throughout the commodities such as sugar and ba­ U.S. drug lobby is counting on the U.S. and other industrialized coun­ nanas along with tourism and opposition Jamaican Labor Party tries. In Ithe long term, said Brow- bauxite as its primary means of (JLP) to unseat current Prime nell, they'll have to legalize. earning foreign exchange, Jamaica Minister Michael Manley's PNP. saw its reserves driven down to Jamaican Labor Party spokesmen '•« 01 J I the danger point as export earn­ are openly proposing drug decri­ The IMF story ings plummeted relative to rising minalization. Bruce Golding, the With rare candor, an article ap­ imports and debt costs. Surviving, number two man in the JLP be­ pearing in the London Observer a although with increasing austerity hind Edward Seaga, reported in a few mor ths ago hinted at the real for the population, Jamaica had no late April interview published in story behind Jamaica's degenera­ recourse by the end of 1976 but to Chicago's Daily Defender that the tion int(i a "pot" economy. "In the go to the IMF for a loan. JLP is seriously "examining" the complicated and topsy-turvy world In April 1977, Jamaica adopted possibilities of legalization, since of international finance,'' the Ob­ the first conditions required by the "it has become a way of life here." server ivrote, "the International IMF for that new loan: A 30 per­ Golding added that "there is a res­ Monetaiiy Fund is now effectively cent devaluation of the Jamaican olution before parliament which helping those who want to legalize dollar was imposed for most im­ was moved by one of our deputy pot." ported goods, sending their cost in leaders, seeking to decriminalize" The International Monetary Jamaica soaring. The Manley gov­ marijuana. Fund (IMF) has done much more ernment tried to protect the prices than "effectively" encourage legal- 24 War on Drugs / November 1980 of basic items, like oil and food, by By August, Jamaica had to turn for even reopening talks. On that, adopting a two-tier exchange rate again to the IMF, this time facing Jamaica obliged. which held the devaluation to only more stringent "conditions" on the What followed was one of the 17 percent for those items. loans. Jamaica was forced to adopt most brutal "negotiating" periods Between the April devaluation a two-year, "comprehensive pro­ in the history of the IMF. An inter­ and the adoption of an across-the- gram to stabilize the economy." national credit embargo was im­ board IMF austerity program Measures included a sharp reduc­ posed on Jamaica until it produced barely four months later, the drug tion in government borrowing, in­ an economic program meeting lobby—both inside and outside Ja­ creased taxes and cutbacks in gov­ with the IMF's approval. By the maica—"went to town." ernment expenditures, a ceiling on end of March, only the most essen­ A commission in Jamaica's par­ wage increases, plus a host of tial foodstuffs and some govern­ liament, including members of other restrictions. For that, Jamai­ ment materials were being import­ both political parties, Manley's ca was granted a $74 million ed, and the Jamaican government PNP and the opposition JLP, was stand-by credit it could draw down faced a $34 million shortfall in established to study the question over the next two years . . . provid­ cash for that month. Operating of legalization of marijuana. High ed it passed quarterly "reviews" of expenditures for the government Times, the U.S. drug lobby's slick­ its economic behavior by the IMF! depended on day-to-day tourist-re­ est magazine (virtually synony­ There occurred increasing labor lated income. Private industry mous with NORML), praised Ja­ and political unrest as inflation could get no credits whatsoever. maica's drug production potential soared, unemployment increased, Jamaica was being starved into in a feature article that promi­ and wages were limited under the submission. nently quoted a leading member of IMF program. Yet, Jamaica didn't But the daily Daily Gleaner of­ the new parliamentary committee, sufficiently curtail economic activ­ fered a solution in a March 21 Percival Broderick. Broderick, a ity, as far as the IMF was con­ editorial, "The salvation of this member of the JLP, bluntly stated: cerned. At the end of December country lies in ganja. . . We should "We must realize that ganja is a 1977, the IMF announced that Ja­ stop producing so much sugar cane primary export product of Jamai­ maica had "failed" to pass the IMF an produce more ganja instead. We ca, with possibly more export po­ requirements agreed on under the wouldn't have any strikes because tential than bauxite ore," launch­ August program. The Jamaican smokers would be glad to help ing what would rapidly become the government had exceeded the IMF with production .. ." The Gleaner major refrain of the drug lobby. ceiling on "domestic assets" (inter­ added that Jamaica should base its Drugs are the solution to Jamaica's nal credit) by a full 2 percent—a tourist trade on advertising for economic crisis. result of allowing higher imports drugs. "We can make the tourist Members of Jamaica's Tourist for the Christmas season! come for it and bring their dol­ Board, controlled by local oligarch­ The IMF demanded a further 10 lars. .. You would just pass loads ic families, simultaneously leaked percent devaluation as a condition of tourists all over the island puff­ "reports" to the Daily Gleaner, the ing the thing and because they feel island's major newspaper, that the good, they just smile with you, antidrug efforts of the DEA and spending money. . .." / Jamaican government in fact were Prime Minister Michael Manley hurting the island's economy by reflected the pressure. Interviewed driving away tourists! around that time by the ubiqui­ Adding a typically British tous High Times, Manley states: touch, the Daily Gleaner reported "The question of marijuana expos­ that the use of ganja arises from es me to extreme temptation. As "the despair and anguish of life" of you know. Jamaica has a balance the lower classes. "It is reasonable of payments crisis, and we have to expect that human beings of never been able to get marijuana those levels will need some opiate." sales to pass through our Central The Gleaner called for the govern­ Bank." ment to "license producers and The May 1978 agreement with pass other regulations" to ensure the IMF, replacing the one the IMF no "abuse" occurs from the inevi­ had kicked over in December, im­ table epidemic of drug usage. posed a drastic reduction of any Around the same time, U.S. lawyer legitimate economic activity on the Keith Stroup, then head of island. A near 50 percent devalua­ NORML, met with the JLP's Brod­ tion was imposed on imported bas­ erick to work out a "model decri­ Montego Freeport, key to marijuana ic goods: raising the price of fuel minalization" plan. trade. and imported food items by nearly

November 1980 / War on Drugs 25 half overnight. Rate hikes for elec­ who control tourism and the race service experience had been limit­ tricity , water and telephones were tracks, launched a campaign for ed to serving as a consular official, ordered to make utilities "self-fi­ the institution of legalized casinos in some of the world's most noto­ nanced," while new taxes were im­ on the island. The public argument rious centers of international drug posed. Gasoline was hit the hard­ was to attract more tourism, and trade, including Hong Kong, Ma­ est, with an immediate 75 cent thus increase earnings. The real cao, Jerusalem and London. Ja­ jump in the cost of a gallon leading objective Was to establish a larger maican officials were left stunned. to transportation fare increases pool of dirty money through which "Entire districts, entire commu­ ranging from 45-300 percent in the soaring earnings of the mari­ nities were already structured parts of Kingston! juana traffic could be laundered. around the growing and selling of The IMF's official press release Manleyte response this time was ganja," local columnists began re­ announcing the "agreement" unrelenting: "We will not under porting by mid-1979. "Ganja per­ reached on the loan conditions any circumstances permit casino vades Jamaica," were the head­ duly noted that the Jamaican gov­ gambling in Jamaica and there is lines. Gleaner articles explained: ernment had successfully "reduced nothing to persuade the govern­ "Ganja is the only thing that consumption" of the population. ment to change its mind. Casinos pays," so that's what is planted. breed corruption, crime and pros­ The Final Ratchet titution and other aspects of deg­ The Technocratic Drug-Pushers That, in effect, was the end of radation." Jamaica already has Did IMF officials not know what the real Jamaican economy. Inter­ enough problems with "crime, in­ was occurring? nal credit was nonexistent. Capital cluding drug trafficking," Manley On-site "surveillance" of Jamai­ flight by the millions of dollars stated. || : ca's economy by IMF officials had worsened the situation as the local A few months later, however, been a crucial "conditionality" im­ oligarchic interest who dominate the Carter administration deliv­ posed by the IMF in the May 1978 virtually all of the island's econom­ ered a shocking signal to the Ja­ negotiations. "Surveillance" was ic activity drained every penny maican government that the drug not "advice" offered by telex from they could out of the economy— trade would henceforth be the de­ Washington. From that point on, and invested it in Miami real es­ termining factor in U.S. relations IMF technocrats ran Jamaica's tate and dirty money operations with Jamaica. In February, 1979, economy firsthand, down to minor tied to the drug trade. Loren Lawrence was appointed day-to-day decisions. The Gaming and Lotteries Com­ ambassador to Jamaica. Lawrence A recent conversation with an mission, composed of the families is a man whose previous foreign IMF official responsible for over­ seeing Jamaica in Washington re­ veals at least one method the IMF consciously adopted to push Ja­ maica toward drugs. A primary condition demanded by the IMF over the entire 1977-January 1980 period was that Jamaica "violent­ ly" limit, as one official put it, the issuance of domestic credit, includ­ ing government printing of money, and consumer credits. One result of the restriction of credit was that local importers could not get funds to pay for their imports. Spare parts for machin­ ery, raw materials for processing brought in from abroad, simply could not be paid f6r. IMF officials acknowledged the difficulties, but stuck to their policy: Imports must be "drastically limited." The only question, the same officer added, is "who should take the brunt of this cutback: the state or private sec­ An official helicopter in a marijuana field, part of joint U.S.-Jamaica eradication tor?" program that was stopped by the "tourist lobby.' Lacking funds, importers turned

26 War on Drugs / November 1980 to the drug trade for financing. "Industry may also be managing to pay its foreign bills through Jamaica's version of agro-business. Ganja (marijuana—ed.) thrives in the island's conditions, and com­ petes with the Colombian weed in America's affectations," wrote the London Economist on June 21 this year. "Ganja is grown mostly by small farmers, who do not want to be paid in American dollars," the Economist explained, "so the traf­ fickers sell their dollars to indus­ trialists in exchange for local cur­ rency ... and then pay the farm­ ers in Jamaican dollars." It's good business, the Roth­ schilds' magazine noted, "Industry The offices of the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C. thus manages to pay its foreign suppliers just before they cancel the next shipment, while the ganja What is the IMF? money has taken the edge off some The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established after the of the hardship in the hills." Second World War as the centerpiece of the postwar international Now the IMP is proposing the monetary system, dominated by Anglo-American financial inter­ "legalization" of this black market ests. Meeting in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in 1947, Treasury in dollars, according to a Washing­ officials and other financiers from Europe and the U.S. agreed on ton-based IMF official. The idea is a modified version of British Lord Maynard Keynes' proposal for to allow commercial banks to ac­ the creation of a World Central Bank, which would have had very cept dollars earned abroad—no great, supranational authority to impose credit and economic questions asked—for local curren­ policies upon nations. The IMF, as agreed on, was limited to the cy, thus tapping what are now task of overseeing currency and balance of payments policies huge economic transactions taking internationally. place in "parallel" to the "real" The IMF's central role in destroying developing sector econom­ economy. ies developed largely in the 1970s, when Third World indebtedness Wouldn't the vast expansion of mushroomed, as rampant inflation and the world economic down­ credit inside the country that turn drove down Third World export earnings, and forced them to could result violate the three-year turn to international financing simply to meet importing needs. policy of the IMF to "drastically As Third World debts reached the danger point, particularly limit" internal credit? An IMF of­ following the 1974 quadrupling of world oil prices, the IMF was ficer replied, absolutely not. Dol­ called in to assure debt payments were met. lars earned abroad would "have no The IMF's power to dictate economic policy does not stem from inflationary impact." its own relatively small financing capability, but from the unwrit­ ten but generally rock-firm agreement that no commercial bank Hong Kong West lends funds to a country until its economic program receives the IMF policies have left Jamaica IMF's "stamp of approval." Until the recent steps taken by wrecked. Officially, over one quart­ European countries to set up alternative sources of financing for er of the population is unem­ Third World countries, any country which refused to follow the ployed; real figures probably reach IMF's "conditionalities" was subject to financial strangulation. at least 50 percent. Wages for those The worldwide debate over the role of the IMF in the past that still have work have been held several years has stemmed precisely from the kinds of "condition­ to 15 percent by IMF wage guide­ alities" the IMF has placed on its loans. Even more recently, the lines, while inflation runs at offi­ issue of "surveillance"—the IMF's demand that its officers direct­ cially 78 percent. The standard of ly monitor compliance with its conditions—has provoked intense living of Jamaica's already poor debate for its violation of the agreed-on principle of a nation's population has dropped by 25 per­ sovereign right to set its own internal economic policy. cent since 1973 according to the London Economist. Growth rates

November 1980 / War on Drugs 27 during the past three years of IMF Dominica in 1979, is the establish­ etc. To have done so would have rule have oscillated between zero ment of "free ports" under private, meant the collapse of the govern­ and negative 3 percent. Outside of international control, and through ment in the midst of mass riots pick-and-shovel road building, cap­ which drugs, arms and other con­ and violence. ital investment last year, accord­ traband could pass untaxed and The Manley government an­ ing to the IMF, occurred only in unchecked by government customs nounced it was withdrawing from the tourist "industry," where one officials. Casinos, racing and other agreement with the IMF and new hotel was built, and one refur­ games of the "beautiful people" would look for financing else­ bished. are to provide the financial com­ where. But Manley also announced This year, 90 percent of Jamai­ plement to the free port, while the that general elections would be ca's export earnings must go to pay local population is employed in called within the year, placing his debt service and oil imports, leav­ packaging and assembling plants government on the line. ing 10 percent for food, raw mate­ run alongside the legalized black- If the Jamaican Labor Party rials, industrial plant and equip­ market, with dirt-cheap labor. . wins those elections, their pro­ ment, etc. In the case of Jamaica, one of gram will be to implement the "You would have thought that the principal islands targeted to Hong Kong West plan—piece by because of Jamaica's economic become a "Hong Kong West," that piece, beginning with legalizing shape, they would have taken a lot means Manley must go. the parallel money markets, open­ more steps to legalize marijuana," In January of this year, the IMF ing the country for the return of NORML Director Brownell com­ demanded further conditions of drug monies, and legalization of mented in a recent interview. the Jamaican government. In par­ marijuana. Frankly, "onlookers" had "expected ticular, a budget cut of $300 mil­ Edward Seaga, the candidate of much more of Manley." lion was i demanded to "balance" the JLP for Prime Minister, has As successful as the drug plans the budget, beginning with an ov­ built up his power base within the have been, unbridled rule by Dope, ernight cutback of $150 million. To party by putting together a coali­ Inc. is now demanded. Plans have implement that, the Jamaican gov­ tion of small, rural farmers in­ been in the works for some time to ernment would have had to fire an volved in the marijuana trade, and establish huge "Hong Kong Wests" estimated 11,000 workers (70 per­ the more monied oligarchs. Win­ in the Caribbean, to involve as cent of the Jamaican budget is ston Mahfood, in fact, Seaga's cou­ many of the islands as possible. made up of wage bills), end munic­ sin and right-hand advisor who Central to a "Hong Kong West," as ipal services including bus service heads the Jamaican Manufactur­ it was dubbed in a plan set for in Kingston, close Air Jamaica, ing Association, in mid-July issued a public call for the government to "devise a system whereby legiti­ mate imports of needed raw mate­ [ ! rials could be imported" using the Total Jamaican J monies earned from the drug Marijuana Exports Jamaica's Gross trade—precisely the plan first (millions of U.S. $) Domestic Product floated by the IMF. (Percent rate of growth) l-|i nil : ;l Mahfood, Seaga's "hit-man" within the JLP, is exemplary of the nexus of mafioso-styled thugs through which he operates. Pernell Charles, now a senator, was jailed by the Manley government during the 1976 State of Emergency when it was found that highly sophisti­ cated paramilitary terrorist squads were operating under his control. Charles himself is from the parish of St. Thomas—the most notorious marijuana area in the country, where the Ethiopian Coptic Church of Zion is now based. One of Charles' buddies in the JLP, Peter Whittingham, also It has reached the point that marijuana production and export is about1 the only jailed during the State of Emer­ profitable sector of the Jamaican economy left. gency for running guns into the

28 War on Drugs / November 1980 tion of a National Lottery designed ly—and internationally—as Ja­ as a first step to legalized gam­ maica's "true" popular aesthetic. bling. Key to this was the National Festi­ Seaga, however, has more than a val of 'folk art' which Seaga estab­ "business" relationship to the drug lished. It has since been staged traffic: His main expertise is as an annually in the month of August. "anthropologist," specializing in Reggae, the barbaric music used to spiritualistic cults and faith heal­ promote the Rastafarian drug cult ings. Not only has Seaga been one worldwide, was largely born out of of the key creators of the hideous Seaga's festival, which culled the cult operations which provide the future stars of reggae from local "ideological" cover for the drug groups who were raised to national trade, but he is a notorious primi- and soon thereafter, international tivist cultist himself, a practition­ prominence. er of Jamaica's voodoo-based "puk- Seaga personally owns a com­ umania" rites! mercial recording company which He began his career with a soci­ promotes reggae and other exam­ ology degree at Harvard, earned in ples of the bestialist "popular aes­ the early 1950s; he returned to Ja­ thetic." Seaga used his post as maica to work under the direction minister to ensure international of one of Jamaica's top profilers, exposure to the growing cult oper­ M.A.G. Smith. Seaga was one of a ations on the island, financing in­ nexus of Jamaican sociologists and ternational tours and bringing in anthropologists, like Rex Nettle- Americans, in particular, to Ja­ ford (see box), who applied on a maica so that they could extend mass scale Smith's "thesis" that the "primitivist" operations upon the mass of Jamaica's poorest their return. should be treated as a virtually During this time, Seaga became distinct species, a "bottom" class associated with the central inter­ with their own "evolved indige­ national propagating arm for cult Edward Seaga, "Opposition" leader nous culture" totally different operations, the United Nations Ed­ and drug lobbyist from the "Western imitative cul­ ucational, Social and Cultural Or­ ture" of the middle classes. ganization (UNESCO), where he re­ country, is now resting in a Florida Seaga specialized in "examining portedly collaborated on the crea­ jail—waiting out a 10 year sen­ religious cults as the central or­ tion of a special international fund tence for trying to smuggle mari­ ganizing element of the 'bottom' to promote the spread of "indige­ juana. class," according to one sociologist nous cultures" worldwide. Charles' release from jail by the who collaborated with him in the This is the man who has now Jamaican government in early 1960s. He began this project in received the backing of powerful 1977, it was widely rumored at the depth in Tivoli Gardens, one of U.S. organizations—as a "conser­ time, was a condition placed on the Kingston's worst ghettoes. For vative" who will favor U.S. inter­ Manley government by the Carter nearly two decades now, Tivoli ests in the Caribbean. The conser­ administration for a "thaw" in the Gardens has been an ongoing proj­ vative-profiled American Enter­ extremely tense relations between ect, a model designed to prove that prise Institute, the Council of the the U.S. and Jamaica. The State of by making "religious cults" the ba­ Americas, the business grouping Emergency imposed by Manley sis for "organization" in the ghet­ of American companies operating after terrorist squads began to, one could transform the ghetto in Latin America, and Ronald Rea­ wreaking violence in the country into "a place people will stay in, gan's Latin American policy advi­ apparently violated Carter's notion and not flee from," as his collabo­ sors, like Carter administration of­ of "human rights"—and men such rator explained it! ficials, have all endorsed and, ac­ as Charles' were let go scot free. • To this day, Tivoli Gardens re­ cording to some reports, are fund­ mains Seaga's most important ing Seaga's election campaign. He Seaga the Cultist power base. would return "free enterprise" and Personally, Seaga is most often Seaga achieved national promi­ end "statism" in Jamaica, say Rea­ represented as a "technocrat," a nence in Jamaica as Minister of gan spokesmen. It is not hard to reputation attributed to his period Culture and Welfare in the early imagine which "industry" will gain as Minister of Finance in the late 1960s, using that position to pro­ most from Seaga's "free enter­ 1960s when he oversaw the crea­ mote Rastafarianism domestical- prise."

November 1980 / War on Drugs 29 T.H. McCauley, president of Sun Life Assurance, Ltd., which is interlocked with Eagle Star and Who made Jamaica a drug economy Scotiabank and represents Roth­ schild interests. Lord Shaughnessy, third presi­ Jamaica's '21 families': dent of Canadian Pacific, Ltd. Ken Patrick, former executive The Canadian connection with RCA, director of Canadian Aviation and Electronics, Ltd., In June 1980 prominent Jamaican which had the Empire's monopoly which was founded by Sir William businessman Llonsley L. de Leon on opium poppy production, "Intrepid" Stephenson, U.S. station was arrested on charges of traf­ sought to sell the drug to what was chief for British intelligence dur­ ficking in $1.1 million worth of potentially a lucrative market of ing World War II; marijuana destined for export. Al- millions of Chinese. The Chinese Max Aitken (Lord Beaver- thpugh this is a sizable haul, it is a resisted the British drug^pushing brook), "Caribbeanist" financial mere fraction of Jamaica's dope effort until finally succumbing to tycoon, newspaper chain magnate, trade. outright military occupation. and member of the British noble Llonsley de Leon is, not an isolat­ James Bfluce, the former Jamaican family, the Cecils. ed entrepreneur with an exotic Governor General, oversaw the en­ The League still exists informal­ penchant for drug dealing. He is tire operation. ly as a "round table" of family connected into the highest levels of Then dame the massive impor­ interests. Beneath are the local Ja­ organized crime, banking, corpo­ tation of Chinese "coolie" slaves maican oligarchical families, rate empires, and the "blue blood" into North America to work on known as "the 21," who serve as nobility. In a word, de Leon repre­ infrastructural projects, particu­ the equivalents of colonial planta­ sents Dope, Inc./Jamaican sub­ larly railroads. For the coolies, tion overseers. The key Jamaican sidiary. Bruce brought in opium to keep families are Zionist, as are the Nothing can be known about Ja­ the workers "stimulated." Bronfmans in Canada and the maica or the Caribbean without The principal instrument used Rothschilds in Europe. These are grasping the fact that, for all prac­ by Bruce and his successors in the Hofjuden, the "court Jews," as tical purposes, Jamaica is a subsid­ opium and slave traffic was the the nobility has historically re­ iary of the powerful corporate and Canadian Pacific Railroad. Today, ferred to the families that were banking interests based in Canada Canadian Pacific, Ltd. is inter­ hired to run the less pleasant as­ that have been crucial in the evo­ locked with all five of the major pects of their empires. lution of world dope trade for over Canadian banks—including Royal 100 years: the Bank of Nova Scotia, Bank of Canada and Scotiabank— The Bank of Nova Scotia the Royal Bank of Canada, the Sun Life Insurance (which is The Bank of Nova Scotia is one Canadian Pacific Railroad, the Ea­ linked to Eagle Star Assurance), of the top handful of banks in the gle Star Assurance Company, the the Bronfman family, and almost world for "laundering" the receipts Canadian-West Indies League, and every other major Canadian pri­ of international dope traffic. It was such prominent names as the vate institution. Canadian Pacific one of the founding financial Bronfman family, Lord Beaver- ships are still manned largely by houses of the notorious "offshore" brook, Sir William Stephenson, Hong Kong Chinese crews. banking haven in the Bahamas, and Maj. Louis M. Bloomfield. With the post-Opium Wars de­ the money laundering center for Exemplary is the career of velopment of the Canadian branch billions of drug dollars annually. James Bruce, governor general of of the international drug empire, The Bank of Nova Scotia shares Jamaica from 1842-46. Bruce was control of Jamaica shifted from directors and financial holdings the 8th Earl of Elgin—a branch of London to Montreal. The elites of with the Eagle Star Assurance the Scottish nobility that dates Canada formed the Canadian-West Company, Ltd., one of London's from the throne of Robert Bruce, Indies League. In the 1880s the largest financial corporations. Ea­ King of Scotland from 1306-29. For Bank of Nova Scotia moved into gle Star also controls a significant the next eight years, Bruce was Jamaica full force, and became so share of the world's flow of drug the governor general of Canada. prominent that for decades it was money through insurance fronts, From 1857-61, he was the British known there as simply "the Bank." real estate, and indirectly through Crown's ambassador and minister Well into the 20th.century, the its control of several major British plenipotentiary to China, which Canadian-West Indies League con­ and Canadian banks. In addition, was the period of the Second Op­ tinued to be the coordinating body it is the major financial power be­ ium War. of Canadian control over the Car­ hind the vast holdings of the The British East India Company, ibbean, and included: Bronfmans of Montreal. It was

30 War on Drugs / November 1980 Air Jamaica, whose planes after mishaps have been found to be carrying marijuana.

Samuel Bronfman who traveled to as the close of World War II, the drug trade, a connection he shares London with U.S. Zionist mobster official documents of this bank de­ with the powerful Canadian-West Meyer Lansky at the onset of clared this activity to be its major Indies League: ,a "trading" compa­ American Prohibition to meet function. ny called Permindex. with Sir Winston Churchill for the In the case of Jamaica, the ma­ Permindex, founded in Switzer­ purpose of consolidating the liquor jority of capital illegally leaving land in the late 1950s, is an inter­ franchise that provided bootleg over the past five years was han­ national network of political assas­ whiskey to the U.S. mob. Bronf­ dled by the Bank of Nova Scotia, sins. It has been identified by sev­ man's major sources for the illegal according to sources interviewed eral sources, including former New booze that he smuggled to Lansky by War On Drugs. Aiding in the Orleans District Attorney Jim were two: Scotland and Jamaica. conduit of these funds, a good por­ Garrison, the intelligence service When U.S. gangland families tion of which derive from drug of the French government, and the moved heavily into dope during traffic, is a Jamaican senior official bestselling book Dope, Inc., as re­ the 1950s and 1960s, the Bronf- of the well-known New York bro­ sponsible for the murders of John mans, through their close ties both kerage firm Drexel Burnham Lam­ F. Kennedy, Italian industrialist to Hong Kong and the opium- bert. Another money-laundering Enrico Mattei, and over 30 at­ growing oligarchy in Mexico channel operated by Scotiabank tempts against the life of former around Miguel Aleman, continued involves the transfer of funds French president Charles de to be a reliable source. stemming from illegal purchases Gaulle. Although forced to dis­ Through the person of Sir Ken­ of gold by Jamaican and other Car­ band as a formal corporate entity neth Keith, a board member of ibbean nationals. This particular under pressure from European Scotiabank and Eagle Star, the Ca­ scam includes a double-invoicing governments, it still exists as a nadian companies are represented scheme run by Mocatta Metals of private intelligence and assassina­ in the fraternity of huge British New York, which enables the busi­ tion bureau for the drug syndicate. banks known as the London Com­ nesses of "the 21" Jamaican fami­ One of Permindex's co-founders mittee, set up more than a century lies to circumvent laws curbing the was Maj. Louis M. Bkoomfield of ago for the express purpose of transfer of funds abroad. Montreal, an operative of the Brit­ overseeing the Asian opium trade The case of narcotics smuggler ish Special Operations Executive through the Hongkong and Shang­ Llonsley de Leon leads to another (SOE) intelligence unit who served hai Banking Corporation. As late crucial component of the world's under SOE North American sta-

November 1980 / War on Drugs 31 tion chief Sir William Stephenson. is linked to a Permindex branch Commission to have visited Tryall Stephenson was one of the leaders set up in Jamaica itself by the in Jamaica on a number of occa­ of the Canadian-West Indies Canadian-West Indies League. In sions prior to the assassination. League. 1946 Stephenson set up "residence" Another co-founder of Permin­ near Montego Bay, Jamaica. In De Leon and "the 21" dex was Israeli Zionist financier reality, hii compound, called the These Anglo-Canadian circles Tibor Rosenbaum, who was the Tryall Club, became the haunt of own "the 21" Jamaican families for head of the European division of top British intelligence figures whom individuals like Llonsley de Israel's secret intelligence service, such as Beaverbrook, Noel Cow­ Leqn work. Seventy percent of the the Mossad. ard, Chaifles Hambro and Ian chairmen of all Jamaican corpora­ Llonsley de Leon's connections Fleming. Based out of Tryalll, Ste­ tions are from "the 21." to Permindex stem from a string phenson fdrmed the British+Amer- Llonsley de Leon is the market­ of investments he is known to con­ ican-Canaaian Corporation,; which ing director for a Jamaican soap trol in the African country of Lib­ became the World Commerce Cor­ manufacturing company called Se- eria. Liberia is not a republic prop­ poration. Stephenson's WGC had prod, which is owned by the Ja­ erly speaking, but rather a legal close "business" connection's with maican Coconut Industry board. entity controlled by Permindex several of Permindex's World Trade Three of "the 21" families control that has historically served as a Centers, as they were called, and the directorships of the Board and haven for international drug run­ in particular with Clay jShaw's Seprod: Henriques, Hart, and Ma- ners, weapons smugglers, and du­ World Tr^de Development Com­ talon. All three are represented on bious "shipping" concerns. The mission inj New Orleans. Shaw and the board of the Jamaican branch Liberians' trade representatives his operation were named by New of the Bank of Nova Scotia. for the Western Hemisphere and Orleans DlA. Jim Garrison as com­ Europe, respectively, are: Maj. plied in the JFK assassination. The Henriques family: Rudolph Bloomfield and Tibor Rosenbaum. One of Shjaw's associates, Gordon D. Henriques is the chairman of It is quite probable that de Leon Novell, is reported by the Warren the Coconut Industry Board. He is

A chart, provided by the Jamaican government, shqivswho really rules. a director of Bank of Nova Scotia, subsidiary of the Prudential the Jamaica Tourist Board at that Jamaica, Ltd. Rudolph and Owen Group of the United States and is time was Eric A. Abrahams. Henriques control most of the is­ a leader of the effort to establish Eric A. Abrahams was a Rhodes land's sugar industry through the the IMF plan for "free" drug-mon­ scholar to Oxford in 1962 and be­ directorship of the old Sugar Mari^ ey financial havens on the island. came president of the British oli­ ufacturers Association and cur^ He is also a member of the execu­ garchy's Oxford Union in 1963. In rent Wray and Nephew, Ltd, which tive committee of the prodrug Ja­ 1968 he became the director of Air controls 90 percent of Jamaican maican Labour Party. Canada's subsidiary, Air Jamaica. rum production. One of the com­ Clinton Hart is a director of Air Jamaica aircraft involved in panies controlled by Wray and Bank of Nova Scotia, Jamaica, Ltd. various sorts of mishaps have been Nephew is the Bernard Lodge Sug­ found to be carrying marijuana. ar Company, which used to be the The Ashenheim family: One of Air Jamaica was founded by Air franchise of the United Brands the oldest established Jamaican Canada which, through a compli­ Company of New York. United families, the Ashenheims control cated series of mergers and Candi- Brands, formerly the United Fruit Meyers Rum, a subsidiary of the an government "deregulation," Company, was headed until recent­ Bronfman's Joseph E. Seagrams was effectively absorbed by Cana­ ly by Detroit Zionist Max Fisher, a and Sons, Inc. Meyers was the Ja­ dian Pacific, Ltd. reputed organized crime boss, and maican source for Bronfman's the corporation is cited by U.S. bootleg rum smuggled into the The de Cordova family: The de drug intelligence officials as the United States during the 1930s. Cordovas have their hands in the conduit for 25 percent of the co­ The Ashenheims also have a stake interest of just about every other caine entering the United States. in the island's gambling operations "21" family, and they are intermar­ Wray and Nephew over the years through Track Service, Ltd. Leslie ried with the Harts and the Ash­ has also had a longstanding rela­ E. Ashenheim, an Oxford gradu­ enheims. The late Col. Michael R. tionship with the London commod­ ate, shares business interests with Hart was a member of the West ity house of Tate and Lyle, Ltd., the Matalon family. Sir Neville Indies Committee. He is also a which investigators have found to Ashenheim is a director of Hen­ former director of Cogwell and be one of the most "fool proof" riques Brothers, Ltd. Harrison, Ltd. of London, an im­ drug money-laundering operations Richard G. Ashenheim is a portant arms manufacturer—a internationally. board member of the Royal Bank, fact not irrelevant in light of the the Jamaican subsidiary of the huge volume of marijuna-for-guns The Matalon family: Married Royal Bank of Canada, which is trade that is sweeping the island. into the Henriques family, the Ma- part of the interlocking network of There are other important fami­ talons have Issac J. on the board directorates and finances that in­ lies, such as Geddes, Desnoes, and of directors of Seprod and Mayer cludes Scotiabank and Eagle Star. de Mercado. All of them are inter­ M. on the board of the Bank of According to a former senior dip­ connected through partnerships Nova Scotia, Jamaica, Ltd. Issac is lomat of a Caribbean nation con­ and intermarriages. a former member of British mili­ tacted by War on Drugs, the offi­ Finally, there is The Gleaner tary intelligence. cials of the bank told his govern­ Company, Ltd., publisher; of the Mayer M. Matalon is also on the ment point-blank that it should Daily Gleaner, the Sunday Gle­ board of something called the Cut­ promote the cultivation of mari­ aner, and the Weekly Gleaner. Mar­ lass Bay Development Company, juana as a "cash crop." ijuana, says the Gleaner, is Jamai­ Ltd., which is a direct subsidiary ca's "salvation." The Gleaner is not of Eagle Star Assurance of Lon­ The Abrahams family: Eric W. some sort of radical, "far out" pa­ don. He also represents the fami­ Abrahams sits on the board of the per controlled by Yippies. While ly's interests in gambling on the Caribbean Health and General In­ there is no lack of ganja smokers board of Racing Promotions, Ltd. surance Company along with a rel­ on the Gleaner staff, to be sure, on Aaron J. Matalon is the Honor­ ative of Llonsley de Leon. the board of directors of the Gle­ ary Consul of Israel to the Jamai­ In 1975-76, the Jamaica Tourist aner Company we find the de Cor­ can government. Board openly moved to sabotage dovas, the Abrahams, and the the joint Jamaican-U.S. govern­ Ashenheims. The Hart family: Like Rudolph ment drug crackdown, and leaked This is the network—from top Henriques, Herbert T. Hart is a critical information on the efforts to bottom—that has turned Jamai­ director of the Coconut Industry of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Ad­ ca into a junky. The arrest of Llon­ Board, which interfaces with de ministration to High Times maga­ sley de Leon with $1.1 million Leon's drug-running operation zine. The Tourist Board was also worth of marijuana is the equiva­ through Seprod. the source of a campaign to pres­ lent of a high school adolescent Anthony Hart was a director of sure the Jamaican government to getting caught speeding in his Montego Free Port, Ltd., now a legalize gambling. The president of father's car.

November 1980 / War on Drugs 33 Rex Nettleford's "The Rastafarians have done a marvelous thing," said Rex Nettle- ford recently, "absorbing the val­ ues of the master in order to de­ stroy the master." Nettleford knows what he is talking about. His principal occu­ pation for the past two decades has been importing "genuine Ja­ maican culture" from Oxford, England and British Canada where "genuine Jamaican culture" was developed. The Rastafarians are the result. Rex Nettleford was once just "a poor black boy from Falmouth, Ja­ maica." Today, he is head of the National Dance Theatre Company, head of the Institute of Jamaica, head of the Trade Union Education Institute, head of the Department of Extra Mural Studies at the Uni­ Nettleford's dance company celebrates synthetic "Jamaican"culture. versity of the West Indies, and one 1 ! of three persons who belong to the l Hi unofficial "kitchen cabinet" of Prime Minister Michael Manley. Who made Jamaica a drug economy The key to Nettleford's success is very simple. He was selected by the "masters." . The Rastafarian cult: In 1957, the head of the Extra Mural Studies Department at the made in Britain University of the West Indies was Sir Phillip Sherlock, Knight Com- The transformation of Jamaica the Third World generally, and into ander of the British Empire, and into a drug economy was accom­ the industrial nations. The Rasta­ an expert on "cultural relativist" plished by destroying the sense of farians, according to one of the social-engineering methods. He moral purpose of its population cult's behind-the-scenes control­ recommended Rex Nettleford for a and replacing it with a synthetic lers, are a model, proving that Rhodes scholarship, the indoctri­ ideology: the cult of Ras Tafari. "smallness and limitations and nation program created by Cecil Twenty-five years ago, there were constraints of resources suggest a Rhodes to train an elite within the perhaps no more than 2,000 Ras- certain overall limit that doesn't colonies to preserve and expand tafarians in all Jamaica. Today, necessarily mean a poverty kind of the Empire. they number in the hundreds of existence, but a more meaningful At Oxford, Rex Nettleford came thousands and almost all Jamai­ internal existence." under the direct supervision of cans have been infected to some Even more explicit is Tracy Ni­ Rhodes Trustee Sir Kenneth Clin­ degree by the Rastafarians' reggae cholas, a popularizer of the cult: ton Wheare, Companion of the music, marijuana and "Back to Af­ "What would the world be if 'Ras- Chivalric Order of St. Michael and rica" millenarianism. ta' philosophy rose and spread St. George. Nettleford's tutors at What has been done in Jamaica among most people? Ganja would Oxford were the expert on Com­ with the Rastafarians is an exper­ be smoked practically universally; munism, Carey Hunt, and the iment in spreading Dark Age cul- legalization would take place Commander of the British Empire, tism and "small is beautiful" ide­ everywhere and quality and culti­ ology throughout the Caribbean, vation of the herb would increase.

34 War on Drugs / November 1980 in its availability and opportuni­ ties for its production. Labor and industrial production would relate more directly to the fulfilment of human needs; things would be get­ 'genuine culture' ting down to basics," she says. Sir Isaiah Berlin, once president of "They have destroyed us," a the Aristotle Society. prominent Jamaican said recently. Returning to Jamaica, Nettle^ And indeed they have. Every week ford was placed under the super­ scores of Jamaicans are killed in vision of M.A.G. Smith, leading the so-called "political violence" sociologist for the Empire in the carried out by Rastafarian street . West Indies. In 1960, they produced gangs, with guns brought in by the a report on a cult that grew mari­ marijuana trade. Many of Jamai­ juana in the hinterlands of the ca's youth have been forced to give island, and worshipped the drug as up hope of making something out a deity. The report on these follow­ of their lives in a collapsing econo­ ers of Ras Tafari advised Prime my and have turned to the mari­ Minister Norman Manley (Michael Nettleford sponsor, Lady Jackson juana-smoking Rastafarians, who Manley's father) that his govern­ offer the rationalization that they ment should officially sanction the lie supporter of the "Aquarian are fighting to bring down "white, "back to Africa" features of the Conspiracy," the worldwide spread capitalist, corrupt 'Babylon'." Rastafarian cult. of cults and drugs. Prime Minister Manley has not This decree was strengthened by Nettleford received assignments been immune to accommodating to proclaiming the early 20th century to study "genuine cultures" in Is­ the growing influence of the Ras­ "back to Africa" snake-oil sales­ rael, India, and other former colo­ tafarians, in the name of "political man Marcus Garvey an official Na­ nies, and was employed at Har­ realities." tional Hero of Jamaica. The Brit­ vard, the University of Pennsylva­ The Rastafarian cult is a mish­ ish Crown returned Garvey's bones nia, and the Latin American arm mash ("syncretism," in the jargon to the island. of the New York Council on Foreign of the anthropologists) of obeah, In this period Edward Seaga, Affairs, called the Council on In­ animism, pseudo-Christianity, and head of the Jamaican Labor Party ter-American Affairs. Isis cultism mixed with liberal today, then Minister of Culture, Within Jamaica, Nettleford em­ doses of "black power" and envi­ inaugurated the Jamaica Festival ployed his Institute of Jamaica to ronmentalist notions. The cult's with Rex Nettleford's help. It was publish Edward Seaga's works on god is Ras Tafari, the pre-corona- to be the annual coming-out party the legitimacy of local cults; he tion name of the former emperor of the Rastafarians. Through the employed his Department of Extra of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie I; mar­ festival, Rastafarian marijuana Mural Studies (he succeeded Sir ijuana is their sacrament. smoking and Rastafarian Phillip Sherlock) to recruit and in­ Their self-conception is, literally, "music"—the blend of blues, rock, doctrinate Rastafarian leadership; bestial. Rastafarians believe that jazz, and the bleating of sheep and he employed his National they are the original "sheep peo­ called "reggae"—would become Dance Theater Company—he had ple." In fact, they wear their hair "genuine Jamaican culture." learned to dance in England—to in knotted plaits, called "dread­ Following the Rastafarian report promote the cancerous growth of locks," because it resembles co-authored with M.A.G. Smith, "genuine Jamaican culture." sheep's wool. Like sheep, they eat Nettleford was selected to become Nettleford and Seaga's efforts no meat or any other animal prod­ a founding member of the Inter­ and official government sanctions uct, including eggs or milk. Their national Development Research caused the once-tiny Rastafarian food is fruits, grains and grass— Center. This institution was creat­ cult to grow to over 100,000 today, grass mostly, for marijuana is con­ ed in Canada, by former Canadian totally dominating Jamaica's cul­ sumed in every conceivable way, as prime minister Lester Pearson, a ture, with overrriding political in­ a beverage, a food spice, or in huge founder of NATO and the World fluence. To Rex Nettleford, this is cigarettes called "spliffs." Bank. Also involved in Nettleford's "liberation of the mind," which he Names such as "Horsemouth," selection was Barbara Ward (Brit­ says, for Jamaica, "is as important "Buckey" and "Bongo" are com­ ain's Lady Jackson); and Maurice as the North-South dialogue, res­ mon appellations in Trench Town Strong, head of the Canadian Oil cheduling the debt, or debt cancel­ and other Kingston slums, and Corporation, and a prominent pub- lation." among the practitioners of Rasta­ farian reggae music. English, which was once Jamaica's Ian-

November 1980 / War on Drugs 35 guage, at least among the elites, movie promoting the cult—which bean movement... in the area." has largely been swept aside in is being shown in the U.S.—re­ The Rastafarian epidemic has favor of the childlike "pig-latin" quires English subtitles. also reached London, Toronto, favored by the Rastafarians; the However, one of their apologists Miami and New York City, where word "power," for example, be­ insists that 'fthe Rastafarians have bloody gang wars for control of the comes "i-ower," "total" is trans­ been responsible for a fantastic marijuana trade reveal the cult's muted to "ital" and so on. cultural revolution in the Caribbe­ deadly nature. an." The cult has spread through­ Notwithstanding its "black pow­ Life style of the future out the region, to Trinidad and er" rhetoric, the Rastafarian cult Rastafarians are opposed to the Tobago, Guyana, Dominica and was created and is controlled by use of language to convey con­ Grenada. Ahd with Rastafarians, racists. Working through black- cepts—"Western man depends too the use of! marijuana has also faced agents primarily based at much on his intelligence," they say. spread. Latabros Comitas, who the University of the West Indies Instead, words are used for their conducted the "Ganja in Jamaica" and the Afro-American Studies presumed magical attributes. profiling operation with Vera Rub­ department at Stanford Universi­ "Wordsound is power," they claim. in, predicts that the cult of Rasta- ty, they have created an army of The degeneration of the language fari "is the {alternative lifestyle of foot soldiers for the drug trade in has been so thorough that a recent the future . . . the only Pan Carib- Jamaica, in the same way that the British succeeded in maintaining a state of enforced backwardness in China during the "Opium Wars" of the 19th century. Leaders ask progress, not pot In Jamaica, this has been accom­ In a letter to the editor of the prodrug Dailyi Gleaner in March, plished by taking the remnants of 1979, a group of leading political figures, including Peoples the "Back to Africa" movement National Party leader John Maxwell, Roy McNaughton, Vin established by Marcus Garvey ear­ Lundsen and others, sharply stated the inalterable opposition lier in this century, as the core of between drugs and development of the country. the Rastafarian movement of the The letter was written in objection to the Gleaner's prominent present time. Garvey's movement coverage of drug lobbyist, Dr. Freddie Hickling, the senior medical was started by the British to pre­ officer at Kingston's largest hospital, Bellavue. Accusing Hickling vent the emergence of a true na­ of suppressing the medical evidence that marijuana causes seri­ tionalist challenge to British colon­ ous brain damage, they called Hickling "less than honest." ial rule in Jamaica. Another ad­ "Dr. Hickling's assumption that it [marijuana-ed.] is a part of vantage of Garveyism, from the our culture and we must learn to live with it, is irresponsible and social manipulators' standpoint, harmful. ... Praedial larceny and irresponsible fatherhood are was that it was well known inter­ also parts of our culture; this however does not mean that they nationally. The sociologists' profile should be accepted ... and held up as examples of ways in which on Jamaicans is that they "distrust society as a whole can be improved and make progress. their own judgments and reserve "In fact, if Jamaican society is to progress, improve living opinions until the seal of approval conditions for its members and evolve a stable and independent has been given abroad." economy, almost certainly we have to fight against certain aspects Garvey's prestige stemmed from of our culture which are at present retarding our development; his creation of a huge hoodwink ganja smoking, like praedial larceny and irresponsible parent­ operation on the U.S. black popu­ hood, is one such aspect. lation at the turn of the century "Dr. Hickling trivializes the concern of parents as well as of manipulating them into abandon­ teachers, social workers and general practitioners, at the drastic ing all notions of fitting into the effects that ganja use can have on the mental and physical health American System to instead re­ of their children, by saying that it is the parents who freak out. It turn to Africa. Garvey raised mil­ is not merely overwrought parents who tfeact to the marked lions of dollars and created several effects of ganja on behaviour and health; a number of psychia­ corporations and a steamship line. trists in the U.S., where there is growing concern over the problem During this period Garvey also col­ of ganja, have set out in detail their findings on the effects of laborated with another British op­ ganja on behaviour and mental pocesses.... eration, the Ku Klux Klan. The "We feel it is our responsibility to bring to the attention of the U.S. government ended Garvey's public ... the harmful effects of ganja use. career by imprisoning him for fraud. However, in the 1960s the British

36 War on Drugs / November 1980 government dug up the body of phant dance," according to an ad­ maica, Ritch said: "My ganja spliff Marcus Garvey, who had died in mirer, has played a major role in burned neglected in the ash tray England in the 1940s, and sent it to the spread of Rastafarianism. as I listened to a fire and brim­ Jamaica where it was put on dis­ Perhaps the most accurate pic­ stone reading of the scriptures and play for several days. Garvey was ture is provided by drug advocate heard the men lace their responses declared a national hero. Dawn Ritch, who writes for the liberally with the most foul exple­ During the same period a Uni­ island's prolegalization Daily Gle­ tives imaginable." It was, Ritch versity of West Indies commission aner. In a column about a visit to says, "the closest experience I ever made up of British trained anthro­ the white Rastafarians of the Zion had with what the atmosphere pologists M.A.G. Smith, Roy Au- Coptic Church, the largest produc­ must have been at Jim Jones' Peo­ gier and Rhodes scholar Rex Net- er of commercial marijuana in Ja­ ple's Temple." tleford, went to work overtime to convince Jamaicans that their ideas about the violent nature of the Rastafarians—also known as "rude boys"—were mere myths. The 'study' that linked The commission also succeeded in convincing the Jamaican govern­ ganja and slave labor ment of Norman Manley, the fath­ er of the current prime minister, From 1970 to 1972, Jamaica was the was the "first intensive multidisci- to send a delegation to Africa "to site of the world's first joint medi­ plinary study of marijuana use study the feasibility of resettling cal-anthropological study. The sub­ and users to be published." Jamaicans there." This was done ject of research was marijuana use Forty-five anthropologists, psy­ in 1961, and of course, it provided "in the field" by a "normal" popu­ chologists, sociologists, medical the Rastafarian ideologues with a lation. Commissioned by the U.S. doctors and assorted "ethnograph­ cover of legitimacy. National Institute of Mental ic" experts, both Jamaican and By 1968, the Rastafarian had Health, run by two anthropolo­ American, participated in the two- enough influence to have the gov­ gists from the New York-based Re­ year project. The Research Insti­ ernment invite former Ethiopian search Institute for the Study of tute for the Study of Man (RISM) ruler Haile Selassie himself to Ja­ Man, and paid for in good part by was chosen to lead the study, part­ maica. Over 250,000 were at the the U.S. taxpayer, courtesy of the ly because of its long-established airport to receive him. Department of Health, Education expertise in Jamaica from 15 years and Welfare (Contract 42-70-97), it of "investigating" the Caribbean. How Reggae was sold Its director and associate director Reggae music has been a related Vera Rubin and Lambros Comitas aspect of this brainwashing. In­ promptly assumed the job of head­ vented in the late 1960s—again, ing the project. Vera Rubin, also a from the "syncretism" of rock, consultant for the World Federa­ jazz, African bush rhythms and tion of Mental Health, had studied the local calypso—reggae has now the "use of ganja" by Jamaica's achieved the status of "Jamaica's "natives" personally since the ear­ true national music." In part, this ly 1950s. She heads New York's Uni­ has been accomplished by a mas­ versity Consortium for Caribbean sive worldwide promotional cam­ Studies. Lambros Comitas, equal­ paign for the music and the Ras­ ly familiar with Jamaica, is head tafarian cult which spawned it, of Columbia University's Joint including two movies—"The Hard­ Program of Applied Anthropology. er They Fall," for which financing Dr. Nathan Kline's computer at was provided by Grove Press, the Rockland State Hospital was uti­ American pornography publishing lized to compile "findings." house, and the more recent "Rock­ The project's final report, pub­ ers." The elevation of Rastafarian lished in a shortened, popularized Bob Marley from second-rate version under the title, Ganja in Kingston night clubs to interna­ Jamaica, has since become a vir­ tional "superstar" status has also tual bible of the drug lobby. The contributed to Reggae's popularity. "underlying role of culture in con­ Marley, who smokes marijuana in Symbol of the Research Institute for trolling drug abuse" in Jamaica amounts that "would make an ele­ the Study of Man. has been identified; that is the cen-

November 1980 / War on Drugs 37 tral result of the two year study, ularly in spliff form (cigarrlike old man who had smoked every the report claims. Jamaica, where "joints"—ed); enabled them to day since he was 25. Poppy was marijuana is used pervasively, work harder, faster and longer. For videotaped working as a carpenter. with higher potency and longer energy ganja is taken in the morn­ He was "trained," as were all the duration than in the United ing, during breaks in the work subjects, to "emit his thoughts States, and yet without causing routine, or immediately before every 15 seconds" while perform­ "deleterious social or psychological some particularly onerous work." ing his task and being videotaped. consequences," the report con­ What the researchers actually When correlated, graphed, and cludes, demonstrates that drug use found, however—and they could drawn into "scientific" chart form, is not abuse when it is "culturally not suppress this evidence-^was Poppy's thoughts while sawing conditioned and controlled by well that laborers working under the produced the following results: established tradition." influence of marijuana use more Without smoking: 60 percent of In the foreword to Ganja in Ja­ energy to do the same tasks. his comments focused on questions maica, drug lobbyist Raymond P. Despite lowered productivity, of daily life; 15-25 percent on the Shafer, ex-chairman of the Nation­ the report argues that "the percep­ environment, weather, etc. and al Commission on Marijuana and tion of an increase in output is a some 25-30 percent on the imme­ Drug Abuse, and ex-governor of significant factor in bolstering diate job of sawing. Pennsylvania, summarized its con­ their motive to work," noting that After smoking: 60-70 percent of clusions: "behavioral changes related to Poppy's "thoughts" were focused • "Ganja in Jamaica serves to heavy ganja! smoking are signifi­ either on the sawing itself—or his fulfill values of the work ethic," cant in agricultural work over ex­ body! Only 15-20 percent on daily and its "primary use is as an ener- tended time periods, and both life, and an estimated 5-10 percent gizer"; moderate and heavy smoking rein­ on "abstract questions, like • There is no problem of drug forces social cohesiveness during dreams, religion or fornication" escalation; in fact, Shafer claims: work in group situations." (sic). The "use of ganja appears to be a The conclusion? "The effect of 'benevolent' alternative to heavy Thj? study itself ganja, then, reserves Poppy's consumption of alcohol by the Resident anthropologists filed thought content from concentra­ working class"! notes on how groups of men work­ tion on daily life to concentration "How refreshing it is," Shafer ing together in a field would sit on the work task." wrote in the Foreword, to "have around smoking before beginning It had the same effect on Elija available an objective study" the "onerous task," and then start Bickman, whose thoughts shifted which manages to "separate fact off happily, chatting, Working ma- from 24 percent to 50 percent con­ from fiction in an area so impor­ nicly; would quiet down, working centration on the immediate task tant to human beings everywhere, steadily and, finally, remain al­ at hand following "ganja" smok­ namely the use of a psychotropic most depressed—within 45 min­ ing, and from 63 percent concern substance such as marijuana." utes of smoking. about people, crops, and general What Shafer calls an "objective For example, John Elias: A small daily life before smoking, to 18 study" is an evil, monstrous lie- farmer who owns 9.5 acres of bar­ percent after smoking. even on its own terms. In fact ren land, John spends 189 days a Marijuana's lauded effect, in what a reading of Ganja in Jamai­ year working his farm, spending short, is to take the already inhu­ ca best demonstrates is that the the rest of the year working in manly limited parameters of a current proponents of mass drug road construction or as a wage peasant worldview and narrow use, believe that marijuana's value laborer. His wife and children help those horizons down to nothing— lies in its ability to allow whole him on the farm. During the har­ making even "questions of daily populations to docilely tolerate in­ vest period^ the time of hardest life" too broad for consideration! human, back-breaking labor. work, he smokes three times a day. The totally unscientific method­ "The study concentrated on Another subject was closely ology hanging over the entire proj­ making an objective assessment of studied and observed as he weeded ect hinges on the fact that no no­ the widespread Jamaican belief his few acres of bananas with a tion of actual humanity was ever ... that ganja use enhances physi­ machete. It took him 1.56 times as introduced as a standard against cal energy, and consequently, work long to weed an acre after smoking which to judge the effects of mari­ productivity. . .. Almost without marijuana, i juana use; thus, no "deleterious exception, users maintain that A series Of "subjects" had their social and psychological conse­ ganja enhances their ability to every activity, including conversa­ quences" were discovered, nor work, that is, perform manual la­ tions with Others, "recorded chron­ could they be unless the marijuana bor .. ." The report continues: "Al­ ologically" during waking hours smokers themselves reported most uniformly, informants cate­ for 14 daysj Take, for example, the them. But they can't remember gorically stated that ganja, partic­ case of "Poppy Silver," a 50-55 year the brains they lost.

38 War on Drugs / November 1980 Congress has all too many supporters of drug legalization, but some have gone a step further, becoming sponsors and co- sponsors of legislation to "decriminalize" marijuana since the 1978 election. We looked into their background, and the extent of the drug problem in the districts where they must run for re-election in November. Here are the findings. The congressmen who sponsored marijuana 'decrim'

ignificant numbers of senators drug trade, their society lacks the Between now and November, Sand congressmen are up for moral purpose to protect them by senators and congressmen can also re-election this November. Since using the force of the state to guar­ learn and change. the last election in 1978, those in­ antee their potential for produc­ War on Drugs encourages read­ cumbents cited below have not tive lives. ers to contact these legislators and only supported legislation to "de­ Secondly, there is no such thing others running for election: criminalize" marijuana (many as a "recreational drug." Docu­ • Call their attention to the other supporters could be listed), mentation of the harmful medical medical facts and the testimony but have put their names down as effects of marijuana, including ir­ presented at last fall's hearings of sponsors of the decriminalization reparable psychophysical damage, the House Select Committee on bill H.R.4906 in the House of Rep­ has filled volumes of transcripts Narcotics and Drug Abuse. resentatives. This bill would re­ from congressional hearings and • Call their attention to Dr. Ga­ move criminal penalties for per­ other forums and publications. briel Nahas's book, Keep Off the sonal possession of marijuana, im­ In publicizing the action of the Grass! and other excellent sources posing only a $100 civil fine. following congressmen, foremost on marijuana's impact on the user. The National Anti-Drug Coali­ in mind is the fact that people can • Call their attention to the New tion is inalterably opposed to any change. York State Attorney General's re­ form of drug decriminalization. One case admirable for honesty port that documented a three-fold Decriminalization is legalization is Dr. Robert DuPont, formerly di­ increase in "pot" use after decri­ in fact. To stop drug traffic, the rector of the National Institute on minalization. taint of criminal must be main­ Drug Abuse. Dr. DuPont was a • Call their attention to War on tained and strengthened as it ap­ supporter of both national and in­ Drugs, and what this magazine plies to the sale and purchase of all ternational legalization of drugs, documents in every issue. illicit narcotics and mind-altering but shifted his position to one of If there is any election issue substances. Removal of penalties firm opposition to such policies aft­ more important than the drug is to tell youth in particular that, er studying the medical and other problem for the future of this na­ faced with the organized evil of the facts about marijuana. tion, we cannot think of it. HR-4906 SPONSORS HR-4906 CO-SPONSORS

ty, a center of "far-out lifestyles" for the well-to-do. Burton voted for decriminalization in California in 1972 as a state assemblyman. He was first elected to Congress in 1974. His brother, Rep. Philip Bur­ ton (6th District), has also sup­ ported decriminalization legisla­ tion, both California's and now in the House. George Miller Anthony C. Beilenson (D) California, 7th District (D) California, 23rd District Miller, whose district is centered First elected in 1976, Beilenson is in heavily black Richmond, was the Congressman from wealthy first elected in 1974. Between 1969 Beverly Hills. He was a Calijfornia and 1974, he was Legislative Aide state senator when the state legis­ to the California Senate Majority lature decriminalized marijuana Leader, playing a key role in 1972's in 1972. passage of the state's marijuana decriminalization bill. Miller intro­ duced H.R. 4906, with Benjamin Rosenthal (D-N.Y.). Ron Dellums (D) California, 8th District Rep. Dellums's base of support are the students and "ex-students" of Berkeley, whose campus was the site of the first marijuana "smoke- in." In addition to decriminaliza­ tion, Dellums has focused on "wel­ fare reform," which has supported Fortney H. Starfe the "lifestyle" of runaway teenag­ (D) California, 9th District ers. Rep. Starkfe district is centered in the suburbs south of Oakland, Benjamin Rosenthal where he was a local banker and (D), New York, 8th District f under of the Vietnam peace move­ First elected in 1962, Rep. Rosen­ ment, which was largely responsi­ thal represents the 8th district of ble for his 1972 election. Queens, neighborhoods dubbed the nation's "cocaine capital" where there have been scores of drug-re­ lated murders in recent years. In March 1979 as a senior member of the Foreign Affairs Committee, Ro­ senthal proposed that the U.S. send Vic Fazio $16 million to Colombia to bolster (D) California, 4th District its attempts to crack down on Rep. Fazio was an Assistant to the drugs. One crucial element, how­ Speaker of the California Assem­ ever, was missing: The foreign aid bly at the time that the nation's package stipulated that no funds first marijuana decriminalization could be spent on paraquat spray­ John Burton bill was introduced and subse­ ing—the bill's actual purpose (D) California, 5th District quently passed. Newly elected in seeming to be putting an end to Rep. Burton's district includes 1978, Fazio's district includes the this highly effective antidrug pro­ very liberal campus of the Univer­ gram. northwest San Francisco, which encompasjses the Haight-Ashbury sity of California at Davis, where center of the 1960s "hippy" drug marijuana and other drugs are not movement, and all of Marin Coun­ very hard to obtain. Jose from 1971 until his election to district has been the site proposed Congress in 1974. San Jose grew for legalized gambling casinos in from fewer than 100,000 to nearly New York, with his support. Nu­ 500,000 people in only 20 years, merous sources establish that ca­ and since the 1960s, drug use has sinos and their operators function grown so seriously that Colombia to "launder" drug-related dirty Anti-Drug Coalition leader Fausto money through their high cash- Charris and Philadelphia (Pa.) volume business. medical coroner Dr. Edward Chris­ tian—both War on Drugs column­ ists—were invited to speak in San Don Edwards Jose by citizens groups. (D) California, 10th District Rep. Edwards's district in the San Jose area encompasses a larger Mexican-American population than all but two other districts. Drugs have become a growing problem among both the Chicanos and the white working class. Elizabeth Holtzman (D) New York, 16th District Rep. Holtzman's district encompas­ ses most of Brooklyn, centered Richard Ottinger around the Flatbush section. First (D) New York, 24th District elected eight years ago, she is run­ Rep. Ottinger's district is Westches­ ning in 1980 for the senatorial seat ter County, home of many wealthy presently held by Jacob Javits, au­ and many other middle and low- thor of S.696, the decriminaliza­ income white and black working tion bill on which H.R.4906 was class families. During the 1978 based. election campaign, Ottinger joined Paul McCloskey with county executive Alfred Del (R) California, 12th District Bello to propose that the indepen­ Rep. McCloskey's district is cen­ dent office of county sheriff be tered around Palo Alto, whose abolished—the sheriff at that time Stanford Research Institute helped was engaged in a heavy crackdown launch the "drug-rock countercul­ on drugs. The sheriff survived the ture," and Menlo Park, the home of Ottinger challenge. many far-out types, including the Whole Earth Catalogue, pro­ moters of a "lifestyle" that in­ cludes psychotropic drugs. Theodore Weiss (D) New York, 20th District Rep. Weiss is the Congressman for a twisting-and-turning district that geographically includes Greenwich Village, Chelsea, the Times Square pornography and prostitution district, the Upper James Scheuer West Side "welfare hotels," and (D) New York, 11th District Columbia University student Rep. Scheuer's district circles Ja­ apartments. Weiss campaigns with maica Bay, including the Rocka- New York State senator Franz Lei- Norman Y. Mineta way peninsula, Canarsie, and the chter (D), who every year intro­ (D) California, 13th District drug and crime-ridden Browns­ duces a bill to sell pot in liquor Rep. Mineta was the Mayor of San ville ghetto in Brooklyn. Scheuer's stores. HR-4906 CO-SPONSORS

problem—autoworkers find drugs ghettos in the nation. The Stokes available in their plants. brothers were supporters of decri­ minalization advocate Dennis Ku- cinich, who succeeded Carl Stokes as mayor but was defeated in 1979, a few days after the Cleveland City Council passed a resolution man­ dating the state legislature to re- criminalize marijuana following the damaging impact of Ohio's de­ criminalization a year before. Stephen J. Solarz (D) New York, 13th District Rep. Solarz's heavily Jewish dis­ trict stretches from Flatbush to James Oberstai Coney Island. Two former con­ (D) Minnesota, 8th District gressmen from the district, one of Rep. Oberstar's district encompas­ them indicted, engaged in unsavo­ ses the blue-collar suburbs of Min­ ry practices in connection with neapolis arid St. Paul, but is con­ banking in the Bahamas, a center centrated in the Lake Superior of drug financing and smuggling. port of Duluth.

William Clay (D) Missouri, 1st District First elected in 1968, Clay repre­ sents northern St. Louis. In 1974 the St.' Louis Globe charged that Clay was involved in heroin traf­ ficking. The charges, which were later withdrawn after a $1 million suit against the newspaper, were based on a court case that convict­ David Bonior John H. Seiberling ed several of Clay's staff on heroin (D) Michigan, 12th District (D) Ohio, 14th District trafficking. Rep. Bonior's district encompasses Rep. Seiberling, of the tire indus­ Macomb County, a blue-collar try family, represents central Ak­ (auto worker) suburb of Detroit. ron, where the dominant fact of life today is unemployment).

Andrew Maguire (D) New Jersey, 7th District First elected in 1974, Rep. Maguire John Conyers represents the predominently sub­ (D) Michigan, 1st District juouis Stokes urban area of Bergen County. In Rep. Conyers's district includes the (D) Ohio, 21st District 1978 he agreed to be the guest north and northwest side of De­ Rep. Stokes, the brother of the for­ speaker at a "smoke-in" held by troit. While far from the poorest mer mayor of Cleveland, Carl some students at Fairleigh Dick­ of Detroit's black (70 percent) Stokes, represents Cleveland's east enson University to demonstrate neighborhoods, this district has side, overwhelmingly black, drug- their desire to smoke marijuana. suffered from a growing drug ridden, and one of the poorest The rally was cancelled. Heroin for cancer pushed by death cultists

On May 13, U.S. Congressman Ed­ Madigan's H.R.7334 was written ward R. Madigan (R-Ill.) intro­ by the death-cult movement and duced a bill, H.R.7334, "to amend the drug lobby, which overlap in the Controlled Substances Act to the "hospice movement." The bill authorize the use of heroin for was actually authored by former terminally ill cancer patients." The California Senator Kenneth Laza­ bill defines "terminally ill cancer rus on behalf of the National Com­ patients" as a patients with "a mittee on the Treatment of Intract­ cancer generally recognized as able Pain (NCTIF), formed by having a high and predictable mor­ death cultists and drug lobbyists tality." It prescribes heroin be­ three years ago to capitalize on cause unlike morphine and other human tragedy like terminal ill­ equally effective pain relievers, ness to promote the legalization of heroin "produces euphoric sensa­ outlawed drugs. tion, countering anxiety." NCTIF was created as a branch There is little other pretext of­ of Hospice, Inc., a British-based fered for a piece of legislation that, foundation set up in Connecticut, if passed, would contribute very whose St. Christopher's Hospice in significantly to the legitimacy London administers "death with drug traffickers seek for them­ dignity" by shooting patients full selves and heroin. Rep. Edward R. Madigan of a mix of drugs ranging from Nevertheless, the bill already tranquilizers to heroin until the has 14 cosponsors: not fulfilled by other drugs with patient dies. Norman Mineta (D-Cal.) less damaging impact than heroin. Hospice1 cultists, whom H.R. Norman Shumway (R-Cal.) H.R.7334 would amend the exist­ 7334 specifically authorizes to John Duncan (R-Tenn.) ing law to shift heroin from an dispense heroin, believe that ad­ William Green (R-N.Y.) outlawed "Schedule I" narcotic vanced medical technology is "too into "Schedule II"—prescribable Norman Lent (R-N.Y.) costly, and prolongs life needless­ by a physician—in this case for ly." Millicent Fenwick (R-N.J.) dying persons in hospitals and Behind H.R.7334 are such William Hughes (D-N.J.) "hospices." NCTIP members as Norman Zin- Matthew Rinaldo (R-N.J.) It gives enormous discretionary berg of the National Organization Jon Hinson (R-Miss.) powers to the U.S. Attorney Gen­ for the Reform of Marijuana Laws Stewart McKinney (R-Conn.) eral, including the power to regu­ (NORML);! Jesuit Rev. Lawrence Paul Simon (D-Ill.) late "the manufacture, storage, Madden, peorgetown University Keith Sebelius (R-Kan.) distribution and dispensing of her­ vice-president; Jesuit Rev. John Frank Guarini (D-N.J.) oin." Sheehan of Marquette University; Marjorie Holt (R-Md.) The bill reads: Rabbi Harold S. White of George­ "A practitioner may be regis­ town University; and Bland J. The chairman of the House Sub' tered for the dispensing of heroin committee on Health and the En­ Keith, listed as "intelligence offi­ if the Attorney General deter­ cer, retired." vironment, Henry Waxman (D- mines that . . . the practitioner is Cal.) promised that hearings on Congressman Waxman himself, authorized under the law ... to who will largely determine the the bill will not be held "in the dispense controlled substances in near future," but one source close bill's fate, reportedly set up a mod­ Schedule II. ... [and] the practi­ el hospice in California last year. to Waxman said that hearings tioner will comply with the re­ would occur "soon, possibly this He will give the Madigan bill "se­ quirements established by the At­ rious consideration," says his of­ summer." torney General. . . ." The standing law outlaws heroin fice. because it has no medical value November 19 30 / War on Drugs 43 thing to offer to mankind as a Profile whole? That's a pretty serious question because it gets down to the why of education—if you don't address that, you have no educa­ tion. We proposed that the rebuild­ ing of the human soul cannot take place unless a child understands beauty. Now you might say, "Isn't that Interview with Sheila Jones kind of deep?" But people under­ stand that, because we took it from the standpoint of economics, pretty much Lyndon LaRouche's An alternative to the economics, from the standpoint of city-building and what is real rock-drug culture in schools wealth. You take them through the concept of how you measure real wealth. Is it managing debt or is it Q: The hihnanist academy has creating, generating new wealth? worked very closely with the Na­ That is how we addressed the tional AntifDrug Coalition in de­ question of developing human signing educational programs, es­ beings, in the schools and prisons, pecially around music. You\ have where we are meeting with offi­ described\the collapse of the cials in charge of education. schools, with the decent teachers The prisons are, unfortunately, a hiding in the trenches, so to ppeak. lot like the schools. You have the How do you] connect the drug\ prob­ managing of debt—the controlling lem with this? of people who have damaged soci­ A: Let me reference a discussion ety and themselves—but not the I had withj the head of the drug investment to develop a higher or­ education program in the public der of production in them. That's a school system of a very large Mid­ problem of economic policy. western city. Now we knew when So, what do we have to lose by we started the humanist acade­ starting from the top? Every child Sheila Jones is co-director of the my—arounjd Lyndon LaRouche's must understand that he is the Platonic Humanist Society of Wis­ concept—that the only thing that greatest creation God ever made. consin-Illinois, which has become would make our music or other It is evil to say to him that there well known under the name "hu­ educational programs different are limitations to growth within manist academy"and is associated was that they must be seen explic­ yourself. This is how we have ad­ with the international humanist itly as a cOunterpole to the drug- dressed the drug question: not by academy movement. Polemically rock culture. Because there are a saying you are drugged, you are opposed to the lying association of lot of "classical music for the ghet­ burned out, because everybody "humanism" with liberal hedon­ to" programs going on that don't knows that now. ism, the Platonic Humanist Soci­ make any distinction between in­ Now this particular school offi­ ety and cothinker groups, in West­ ferior music such as that of Tchai- cial became very excited when we ern Europe were founded by econ­ kowsky aW Wagner and truly presented it in this way. He didn't omist Lyndon LaRouche to revive great music by Mozart and Beetho­ understand the music of Bach and the unity of "natural science" and ven. Beethoven, but he said, "I'm in­ "spiritual science." When we made this clear to the trigued by the fact that you are The Platonic Humanist Society school official I just spoke of, he talking about saving the total is leading a nonpartisan move­ immediately wanted to know how. child. You're talking about a child ment to restore the idea of scien­ We said look, you have to address that is not just going to be saved tific progress as the basis of Amer­ the question of why are people, from his own demise but be re­ ican education. Ms. Jones previ­ and particularly children, taking leased to have a purpose in life. ously taught in the Milwaukee drugs. What will reduce a human Therefore man can have a future." public schools for six years and led being to tfre level of thinking that The result is that he wants us to a 300-person chorus in one of the there is absolutely nothing of val­ be consultants for the drug pro­ city's junior high schools. ue to him^ nothing that has any- gram in the entire school system.

44 War on Drugs / November 1980 Q: Have you found that high media from their own surround­ that I must teach Bach if I'm to be school children in Chicago and Mil­ ings, the three levels in their own a pianoi teacher." Or: "If I'm a waukee insist that they like, even community. The Inferno was the singer I will never give up Schub­ preferred rock music? dope pusher around the grade ert." A: No, not at all. There are two school selling pills to four and five- We see our main task as educat­ ways you can approach these year-old kids. All the while he is in ing the educators. Their response classes. If you just go in and show hell because he is conscious of the to us is, "I want the kids to learn, . how ugly rock is, it doesn't work in evil he is doing but he decides to but can you teach me? Am I too the best way. First you have to do it anyway. old to learn?" It comes down to show what rock "ain't," so to Then I went through Purgatory. this: the children must have teach­ speak, by showing that if you see I said Purgatory could very well be ers who understand that teaching yourself as unlimited, as the great­ you yourself watching this going is not magic or something that est, then it makes sense that you on. You see it but you stand there comes about through book learn­ would want to expand your hori­ saying it's not my business. But ing alone, but is teachers who un­ zons and ideals. you are actively involved and re­ derstand why education has to be, We found that the question of sponsible because you do not inter­ and that it has nothing to do with rock or jazz would only come up vene with your morality. jobs in the narrow sense of just afterwards, when the kids would The kids started to squirm in feeding themselves. reflect and say, "this music doesn't their seats. They knew where I do what Beethoven's music does, was going. Q: What do you think the readers does it? I know kids down the Then I said, Paradise is when of War on Drugs should do? street who can't even read and you understand that your sur­ A: I expect them to take the edu­ they play jazz, they play rock—it roundings do not determine your cational fight a lot more seriously doesn't challenge their minds to destiny. And I quoted the poet than they are, because what has think, does it?" Schiller that man must rise above happened up to now could not have his destiny, that the physical world happened without their knowl­ I does not define you. Just because edge. The fight against the "sex Q: How did you find the high you live in a neighborhood that is education" mandate in New Jersey school students responded when this way, it does not define how is the kind of fight that should be you taught them how- to sing in you choose to live your life. That is going on all over the country. We the correct way, to produce a beau­ why great music is key. We're not have in our educational system the tiful tone with their own voices? going to be kind or easy on people. orchestras being shut down all A: They were amazed. The first We are saying, whoever you are, over, but big increases in jazz thing you have to do with children the fact that we are talking to you bands and swing choirs where the is let them know that they are now means you must be different children are learning "doo-be-doo- going to be frightened and that when we are finished. be-doo." One school was teaching indeed whatever resistance is the kids a song called "commer­ going on is fear of the new, but more the fear of them creating the Q: How are the teachers and mu­ cial" and the words were pop, fizz, new. It's different when the new is sic professionals responding? jiz, biz; and in others the children out "there," you can go see it and A: Our main task is to pull the are learning atonal music. turn your back on it, than when humanist academy into the exist­ You have to take this question on it's in you. Once they have been ing institutions and make that the and ask, "Why is there no orches­ forced to look at the fact that they center whereby to implement tra in my school? Why aren't you literally have an alternative with-, changes in those institutions. Even doing operas?" Along with taking in themselves and that they have though the school system is com­ on the sex education issue. power over that, that is frighten­ mitted not to education but to ba­ And you have to start looking at ing. To address that I use Dante's bysitting, still there are indepen­ your educators very seriously. If Commedia [Divine Comedy]. dent teachers. There are the ones you know that a teacher is a dis­ and twos who have held out at gusting liberal who tells the chil­ least something in themselves as a dren, "I use marijuana and there's Q: How do you use that? part of their commitment to edu­ nothing wrong with it"—and I've A: In one classroom there was a cation despite what they are ac­ heard teachers say this—"just use kid who was on drugs. The kids tually doing. it a little more appropriately"; or had accepted it and so had the They may not have the strength if you have homosexual teachers teacher. More or less, if the kid can themselves to implement changes pushing that in the schools, and stay on his feet and is not disrup­ but they will have abstracted some you turn your back, then you are tive they approach it as something area of morality. Some will say, totally responsible. You have to they can't and won't deal with. I "I'll never give in to teaching jazz." stop it now or we don't have a told them the story of the Com­ Others: "I'll never give up the fact chance.

November 1980 / War on Drugs 45 BOOK REVIEW

Sir Winston Chufchill "slumming" in London during the Battle of Britain: "this delicious war."

THE NEW DARK AGES The Minds Behind Dope, Inc. CONSPIRACY: As the author states in her Pre­ forces behind Dope, Inc., residing Britain's Plot to face, The New Dark Ages Conspir­ at the top of the British aristocrat­ Destroy Civilization acy was written to answer a ques­ ic oligarchy, answer the question by Carol White tion—a question that nearly every themselves. The New Benjamin Franklin person who has taken up the fight Beginning in the book's first House Publishing Co., Inc. against drugs and the internation­ chapter, we are placed at the table $5.95 al cartel that runs the drug trade of a 1903 planning session of the has asked himself or others. How British oligarchy—in the form of could people be so evil as to will­ extracts from meetings of the fully set out to destroy the minds Coefficients Club, a dinner club of millions of children and youth? that pulled together the Empire's The Neto Dark Ages Conspiracy different ruling factions. The ma­ was written as a companion book jor topic on the agenda is how to the test-selling Dope, Inc., Great Britain will manage to stop which uncovers the huge $200 bil­ the threat of the fast-growing, lion a year British control over the combined industrial might of the international drug trade. This United States, Germany, France, book takes us from the corporate and Russia. The solution agreed boardroom to the insides of the upon was World War I. conspiracy itself. Dope, Inc. an­ But this was only a partial solu­ swers the question Who? The New tion; the United States emerged Dark Ages Conspiracy answers the stronger from the war and Lenin Author Carol White question Why? Or, it would be turned the tables on the Russian more accurate to say that the destabilization to create a nation

46 War on Drugs / November 1980 dedicated to industrializing the feudal-minded rule of the oligar­ of continental European science- vast expanses of Russia—posing a chy. through his creation of the anti- worse problem than the industrial­ For that objective, Churchill pro­ science method of logical positiv­ ization proposals of the earlier posed that the United States ism—than any individual of the Russian minister Count Witte. march on the Soviet Union as early century. At the root of it, is the Hence, from the viewpoint-df as his Potsdam Conference with oligarch's hatred for the human the British oligarchy, the necessity Truman in 1945; for that objective soul—the mind guided by reason for World War II. White thorough­ the British instigated the Cold War seeking to expand man's mastery ly debunks the common sense idea and to this very day continue to over the universe. Would such peo­ that World War II was fought by risk the nuclear conflagration of ple hesitate to destroy the minds the British simply to defeat the the world. of an entire generation of youth Nazis. As she proves, Adolf Hitler As the reader goes through the with drugs? was a product of cults, such as the history of World War I and World With the decline of the British Odin and Thule societies, that had War II that White presents, behind Empire, it is the Russell-H.G. been created by the British. His the fascination in seeing the true Wells faction of the British oligar­ Mein Kampf, ghost written by Ma­ facts finally put on the table, there chy that has come to the fore. This jor General Karl Haushofer who is in the back of one's mind a wish is the faction that as early as 1903 admired Bertrand Russell, is a re­ or a hope that it might not all be scorned geopolitics and war as written version of the goals set true. But the facts are undeniable, crude methods to achieve the same forth by British geopolitician Hal- and presented to the reader for ends they believe mass psycholog­ ford Mackinder in the beginning of verification in long quotes taken ical manipulation, drugs, and tele­ the century. Until 1938, the Nazi from the speeches and writings of vision and media brainwashing dictator was adulated by the entire the oligarchs themselves. The in­ can achieve much more quietly, spectrum of the British ruling sanity of the oligarch's mind is efficiently, and more permanently. class—from Lloyd George to the luridly exposed in the words of These are the forces that created deposed King Edward VIII to Win­ Bertrand Russell, who was born and imposed the drug-rock coun­ ston Churchill himself. And at into the landed aristocracy: terculture on the American popu­ every point that the German mili­ "At present, the population of lation and that have seized control tary and others attempted to fight the world is increasing at about of the US. government through the Hitler from inside, their requests 58,000 per diem. War, so far, has Carter administration. for British help were summarily had no very great effect on this Their image of humanity is cap­ denied, as British cash continued increase, which continued through­ tured in the last picture in this to pour into the coffers of the Nazi out each of the world wars.. . . illustrated book: the Peruvian Party. War . . . has hitherto been disap­ peasant in the mountains, bent For what, then, was this "deli­ pointing in this respect . . . but over with the load of stones he cious war," as Winston Churchill perhaps bacteriological war may carries on his back, his lips crook­ called it, which claimed the lives prove more effective. If a Black ed with a smile of euphoria pro­ of more than 35 million people, Death could spread throughout the duced by the cocaine he is chewing fought? The 1944 Morgenthau world once in every generation, to relieve his pain. Plan—which White shows was the survivors could procreate freely Reading about these men who brainchild of Churchill and which without making the world too planned this century's world wars proposed that devastated Ger­ full. . . . The state of affairs might and their contempt for humanity, many be maintained as a nation be somewhat unpleasant, but what there are few Americans who will "pastoral in character"—gives a of it? Really high-minded people not say to themselves: "I'm better glimpse of the answer. are indifferent to happiness, espe­ than these people, better than To the British, for every faction cially other peoples'." And then these people who run things." It is of the aristocracy, every geopoliti­ Russell declares the oligarchical just for that reason that every cal objective, every tactic, is sub­ goal: "The present urban and in­ American should read this book. sumed under a broader goal: the dustrial centers will have become The people exposed have pushed destruction of the nation-state. derelict, and their inhabitants, if the United States to the edge of The destruction of that institution, still alive, will have reverted to the destruction. The New Dark Ages which when mobilized morally peasant hardships of their medie­ Conspiracy is a powerful weapon around a national goal, transforms val ancestors." in bringing Americans to find the a mere collection of individuals This statement appears in Rus­ morality and courage in them­ into a potent citizenry capable of sell's Impact of Science, and as selves to defeat the British oligar­ mastering science, capable of mas­ White, who is also a scientific his­ chy and their drug trade once and tering new technologies for devel­ torian shows, he has probably for all. opment, capable of challenging the done more to destroy the tradition —Linda de Hoyos

November 1980 / War on Drugs 47 COLOMBIA FRONT LINE Fausto Charris

'War on Drugs' sets pot legalizers back

Fausto Charris Romero is the reported that Colombia was very softening of marijuana laws. I also president of Colombia's National close to capitulating to the pres­ challenged Ernesto Samper Pizano Anti-Drug Coalition. Charris, for­ sures of the international mari­ to debate "anywhere, any time." merly the president of the Nation­ juana lobbjy and legalizing the cul­ Two weeks ago Samper Pizano al Agrarian Federation (FANAL), tivation of drugs. President Turbay and former Minister of Justice has been an outspoken opponent was weakening his formerly Samuel Hoyos Arango called for of efforts to legalize Colombia's strong opposition. Ernesto Samper the formation of special invest­ drug trade and to replace food pro­ Pizano, a banker who hea|ds the ment bonds that would legally ab­ duction with marijuana growing. drug legalization drive here and sorb drug dollars currently leaving In July of 1979, Charris traveled who has close contacts in both the Colombia and divert them into the extensively throughout the United Carter and Kennedy camps, had country's "urgent needs." Samper States at the invitation of the New placed a bill for legalizing mari­ called this "open participation" in York-New Jersey Anti-Drug Coa­ juana before the senate. the economy for the drug traffick­ lition Several hundred copies of the ers, to "prevent corruption." English-language War on Drugs We of the Colombian Anti-Drug am glad to inform War on Drugs' have beeiji circulating in Bogota Coalition have challenged the IAmerican readers that this mag­ among th^ policy making layers of Catholic Church here to excom­ azine and the work of the National Colombia.! This has given us the municate Samper Pizano. Initially Anti-Drug Coalition in the United opportunity to break the monopoly the Church's response was defen­ States have had tremendous im­ the drug lobby has over news me­ sive. One month ago the Colombi­ pact in Colombia. As president of dia. an Bishops' Conference met and the Colombian Anti-Drug Coali­ for the first time in recent history tion, I havt. given nearly a dozen U.S.-Colombian ties they did not issue a denunciation interviews on radio and television During a half-hour interview on of the drug problem. But following broadcast all over Colombia dur­ the national radio network, I spe­ our media appearances, Archbish­ ing the past two weeks, together cifically djraw attention to the his­ op Garavito of the drug port of with Gerardo Teran, the coordina­ torical roots of republican cooper­ Barranquilla announced that "any tor of the coalition's chapter in ation between your natibn and effort to legalize drug traffic is an Cali, Colombia. mine. "What would Francisco Jose assault on public morals." After Gerardo Teran and I de Caldasi, the great scientist and showed War on Drugs on Noticolor statesman, the Colombian corre­ President rules out legalization network television news July 25, spondent | of Benjamin Franklin, On July 20, Colombian President and announced our plans to bring say if he were alive today and Jose Turbay strongly reiterated out a similar magazine in Spanish, faced with an immoral bill to le­ that he will prevent the legaliza­ a raging polemic ensued where galize marijuana?" I asked. tion of marijuana as long as he is both the drug lobby and the anti­ Recognizing that the drug tra. in office. His term ends in 1982. drug forces have come out openly fickers hajve substantial support in He added: "The government is with their positions. The realiza­ the Colombian congress, we used alone in this fight." tion that there is a mass-based the radicf and television spots to I have personally communicated organization in the United States campaign for bringing in Dr. Ga­ in a letter to President Turbay the opposed to marijuana is the most briel Nahas and other world-re­ coalition's proposal that we meet powerful hindrance imaginable to nowned narcotics experts to testify and coordinate our efforts to save the pot lobby here. before the congress on the irrepar­ Colombia from the drug scourge. In the June War on Drugs, it was able harm caused to society by the —Bogota, July 29

48 War on Drugs / November 1980 Drugf ighter's target MATHEA FALCO

hen Mathea Falco took of­ the Advisory Board of the Na­ W fice in 1977 as the State tional Organization for the Re­ Department's narcotics coordi­ form of Marijuana Laws nator, a number of State De­ (NORML). Nor was Falco alone partment professionals who had in her support of "recreational" served in the Cabinet Commit­ drugs in the new administra­ tee for International Narcotics tion. Also appointed in 1977 to Control, began to prepare their posts in the drug abuse field resignations. One senior staff were Dr. Thomas Bryant (head member who was active in edu­ of the President's Commission cational work against drugs, in on Mental Health), and Dr. Nor­ personal activities as well as man Zinberg (consultant to the official, expressed concern that National Institute for Drug under Falco, "no one who cares Abuse), both advisory board about stopping drugs can do a members of NORML. thing." In February 1977, less than a (§>Is this NORML? month after Jimmy Carter was Falco's Office for International sworn into office, Falco, along Narcotics Matters (she is an as­ with Peter Bourne, just appoint­ sistant secretary of state) is the ed as Carter's special adviser on closest thing to an international drug abuse, attended the Gene­ coordinating center for va meeting of the United Na­ NORML's efforts to unite "con­ tions Commission on Narcotic sumer" countries like the Drugs. Representatives of the United States and "producer" U.N. member countries were countries like Colombia and randum accusing incumbent shocked to find the two senior Mexico. President L6pez-Michelsen of officials of the U.S.—the largest Following is a partial list of Colombia of "covering up" the contributor to the U.N.'s Fund Falco's accomplishments that di­ involvement of his likely succes­ for Drug Abuse Control (UNF- rectly contribute to U.S. drug sor (now President) Turbay in DAC)—telling representatives abuse: narcotics trafficking. in private meetings that the de­ • In March 1977, Falco testi­ Falco continues to bungle all criminalization of marijuana fied before Rep. Lester Wolff's chances to reach a workable was supported by the new ad­ Select Committee on Narcotics U.S./Colombian narcotics con­ ministration. Abuse and Control in favor of a trol program. Even before the Bourne and Falco's actions "broad" reassessment of drug Percy Amendment banning the were viewed as a direct viola­ policy and a review of the feasi­ U.S. supply of paraquat to elim­ tion of the terms of the U.N.'s bility of decriminalizing mari­ inate marijuana went into ef­ Single Convention on Narcotic juana and "possibly" cocaine. fect, Falco refused to grant U.S. Drugs of 1961 (and its Protocols aid to Colombia for such a pro­ of 1972). ® Frees drug-runners gram. The 1961 Single Convention is • In 1978, Falco negotiated Additionally, Falco opened her an agreement among countries agreements with Mexico and office to meetings with Colom­ participating in the Commission other Latin American countries bian businessman Ernesto Sam­ on Narcotic Drugs to: outlaw for the release of U.S. citizens per Pizano, the NORML agent the cultivation of all psycho­ who had been arrested for drug who is leading an international tropic drugs except for con­ running and other violations. propaganda campaign to make trolled medical purposes; pro­ Countries which did not cooper­ cocaine and marijuana the two vide for international coopera­ ate with the agreements were "cash crops" for Colombia. tion; and to maintain that the threatened with unspecified • In July 1980, Falco is ru­ use of drugs except for medical sanctions in the name of "hu­ mored to have held meetings purposes is illegal. man rights violations." with Robert Possony, head of the Up until the time of her ap­ • In February 1978, Falco and International Cannabis Associ­ pointment to the State Depart­ Bourne created an international ation for Reform, the interna­ ment, Falco was a member of incident by circulating a memo­ tional wing of NORML. North, spreading the prostitution INTERNATIONAL NEWS and pornography rackets and cre­ ating the basis for today's drug business. Europe The story of the modernization of 'nDrangheta begins with the ar­ rival in Milan, in the mid-1950s, of the Italo-American Joe Adonis (al­ ias Giuseppe Doto), one of the bosses of Cosa Nostra. Up to his Behind the heroin lab arrival in Milan, Adonis had func­ tioned as a public relations man for the "boss of bosses," Meyer at Cereseto Castle Lansky. Lansky sent Adonis to Italy to Italian Health Minister Aldo Ani­ "drug bank," under state control. perform two specific tasks: asi announced July 4 that he is This would supply addicts with • First, to reorganize the mafia working hard on a "decree-law" to heroin, in order to "protect them structure, aiming at an alliance be passed as soon as possible, to from the pushers." between the Calabrian and Sicilian decriminalize "soft" drugs and to With the health minister's plan, mafias; relieve pressure on the "small the Cossiga government has • Second, to use that alliance to pushers." reached the most extreme point of build up the network for hard- "I want Italian citizens to be in open, criminal bestiality. We must drug traffic from the Far East and a position to decide for themselves ask ourselves, who is Aniasi? Why Middle East into the United w nether or not to use drugs, " said did he propose this idea—so wel­ States. Aniasi. The important thing is to come to the Italian dope lobby- Adonis's first "geopolitical" tar­ k(;ep the small dealers out of jail now? What are the aims of this get was Milan, the biggest and .. . and we must increase the min­ operation, not only in Italy but all most industrialized city in Italy. imum quantity allowed by law for over Europe—given that Aniasi The experience of Fascism showed at 1 individual to carry—in order to stated that he wants to expand that after the conquest of Milan, avoid a repetition of the incident this "debate" to the other Europe­ the rest of Italy falls easily. w ith Augstein last year." A. Aug- an health ministers? The operation was twofold: on s1;ein the editor of Der Spiegel The answers to these questions one hand, organized crime began a ir lagazine was arrested for posses- will show why the Italian Anti- dramatic expansion in the Milan si on of marijuana while vacation- Drug Coalition is now organizing area; on the other, the city became ii lg in Sardinia] "I want to have a the most powerful campaign in its the focus of a political experiment n leeting with the other [European] history, demanding the immediate called the Center-Left. This was health ministers to discuss this." removal of Aniasi the alliance between the ruling In rationalizing his plan, Aniasi Christian Democrats and the So­ c raftily stressed that his proposal Who is Aniasi? cialist Party, which was later car­ c :ould thwart the Radical Party in- Aldo Aniasi is a leader of the ried to the national level. There is i tiative for a national referendum Socialist Party and a leading mem­ a direct relationship between the ho legalize drugs. The Radicals ber of the Party's faction headed instant saturation of Milan by the have just completed a signature- by Giacomo Mancini: the faction 'nDrangheta, and the increase in collection drive for the referen­ which is notorious as the political the power of the Socialist Party. dum, with the close collabora­ arm of the Calabrian mafia, the Lumpenized Calabrians began tion—despite Aniasi's disclaim­ 'nDrangheta. More aggressive and to migrate to Milan, and not by ers—of Aniasi's Socialist Party. ferocious than the "traditional" Si­ chance: the migration was organ­ Over the enraged protests of party cilian mafia, the 'nDrangheta con­ ized, through "Calabrians in Mil­ and union members, the offices of trols several types of rackets, most an," an organization rumored to be the Socialist Party and the Social­ importantly drugs and the "kid­ a social cover for the mafia. Aniasi, ist controlled UIL union confeder­ napping industry." himself a Calabrian emigrant to ation were used by Radicals during Toward the end of the 1950s, the Milan, was the president of this the petition drive. Calabrian mafia suddenly aban­ organization. He was the mayor of The Aniasi proposal opens the doned Calabria, its original area of Milan during several years when door to the plan devised by the operations (the "toe" of the boot— the Socialist Party took control of Communist Party youth organiza­ the southernmost and most back­ the major power centers of the tion, contrary to the mainstream ward region in Italy), and began city. of that party's policy, to set up a an invasion of the industrialized Socialist Party domination of

50 War on Drugs / November 1980 Ironically, Aniasi's proposal ap­ peared less than a month after Italian Financial Police, in coordi­ nation with the U.S. Drug Enforce­ ment Administration (DEA) and its French counterpart, succeeded in inflicting on Dope, Inc. one of the most serious blows in its his­ tory. The biggest drug factory On June 6, after many weeks of preparation, Milan judge Dell'Osso led a small army of 160 police in an assault on the Castle of Cereseto in Piedmont, where they uncov­ ered the biggest heroin refinery in Western Europe. In an elaborately equipped laboratory in a tower of the castle, four chemists had been processing a huge amount of op­ ium. Had it continued to function, the laboratory would have pro­ duced one ton of 90 percent pure heroin intended for the French and North American markets. The op­ eration was so big that, according to rumors reported in the French press, President Giscard decided to confer the French Legion of Honor on Judge Dell'Osso. Meanwhile another super-refin­ ery was discovered in Milan, in Via Cardinal Mezzofanti, which was an adjunct of the Cereseto Castle op­ eration. Cereseto Castle itself was well defended: protected by elec­ tronic detection devices, equipped with hidden passages to the out­ side, and defended by trained Dob- ermans. Dell'Osso broke in using an armored car. The most advanced heroin lab ever discovered, in Cereseto Castle near Milan; inside, one man could produce $1 billioil worth of heroin in 30 days. Links to Milan mafia There are several indications Milan (which parallels, we must ists, presented the city as the ex­ linking the castle to international stress again, the escalation of ample for the rest of Italy. A series crime networks and in particular racketeering activity by the of gigantic rock concerts took place to the Milan mafia. First—a fact 'nDrangheta) resulted in the or­ there at the beginning of the 1970s; that opens up new horizons for the ganized destruction of the city. The there the drug scene first became a investigation of Italian drug traf­ drug culture and related Maoist- "mass phenomenon"; there the ficking—the castle formerly be­ subversive cults ran rampant, un­ first terrorist "exemplary action" longed to Pietro Nenni, the past der the protection of Socialist lead­ took place; there the Socialist city president and secretary of the So­ ership in the city and on the na­ government helped set up as pilot cialist Party, and the "political tional level. projects the free drug distribution father" of the present party secre­ The period when Aniasi was centers. Thus the proposal of tary, Bettino Craxi. mayor of Milan corresponds to the Health Minister Aniasi is perfectly The present owner of the castle period when the Italian media, coherent with his own and his par­ is Giancarlo Trombin, who lived largely controlled by the Social­ ty's past. there before his arrest June 6.

November 1980 / War on Drugs 51 Trombin is the "former" manager of illegal gambling establishments in Milan and is quite an important figure in the Milan 'nDrangheta. He was also a kingpin of the "Mar- seilleise clan" of Francis Turatello, the now-imprisoned head of an un­ derworld network of prostitution and drug rings in Milan. Turatello and his gang of French-born crim­ inals were the connection between the Italian mafia and its French counterpart—a relationship that raises questions about the rela­ tionship between the Italian and French Socialist Parties. In particular, it must be stressed that the two crime capitals, Milan and Marseilles, are both' under the control of their respective Socialist Parties; Milan through the Aniasi- Craxi political networks, and Mar­ seille through that of Mayor Gas­ The Italian Anti-Drug Coalition demonstrates \ against Aniasi's drug ton Deferre. liberalization in Rome. In addition, the eminence grise | of the Cereseto operation, arrested in Nice minutes after the raid on Cereseto, was none other than Italian ADC hits Aniasi Jean Jehan, the "grand old man" of the French heroin trade. Jehan, The Italian Anti-Drug Coalition has demanded the immediate now 82 years old, had always been removal of Health Minister Aniasi and the ejntire Cossiga govern­ able to escape from the law by ment in two demonstrations: one at the Health ministry, where using his age to gain sympathy. He Aniasi's own staff agreed with the ADC,! and another at the comes out of the same network as headquarters of Prime Minister Cossiga's party, the Christian Democrats. The Christian Democratic Party! was in the middle of Joe Adonis, that of the U.S. Cosa its national council meeting at the time. Nostra and Meyer Lansky, who sent him to France for reasons The same day, Christian Democratic Party president Pi^coli similar to Lansky's dispatching of denounced Aniasi's plan as "permissive" and "irresponsible"; and Adonis to Italy. former health minister and Christian Democrat Tina Anselmi pointed out that the same plan had been tried in Britain and had It is sufficient to cite the cynical failed miserably to eradicate addiction. joke made by Jehan when French Health Minister Aniasi has proposed legislation that would police arrested him, to convey completely decriminalize sale and possession of "personal use" something of the psychology of amounts of marijuana, and set up government clinics to dispense , this man. He was informed that heroin to addicts. his implication in the Cereseto re­ The ADC demonstration was covered by the Rome Catholic finery was due to a photograph daily paper L'Avvenire, which quoted ADC spokeswoman Giu- taken with a telephoto lens, show­ liana Sammartino: "We are not against the Christian Democracy; ing him in conversation with one we want to know why the Christian Democracy is allowing the of the bosses of Cosa Nostra. Jehan Socialist project to continue." replied, "I always said that prog­ The Italian Anti-Drug Coalition has alsiQ forced a municipal ress worsens the quality of life." inquiry into a Milan drug-rock concert hpld in early July! and The investigation surrounding sponsored by the Milan city government. The concert drew a mob Cereseto is continuing, and several of 80,000 and featured Jamaican Rastafarian cultist Bob Marley. interesting leads have surfaced in The inquiry is based on the needles and injection paraphernalia the press. First, evidence of con­ found on the concert grounds. The ADC filed a complaint against nections with criminal activity the Socialist Cultural Administrator who promoted the concert. such as prostitution, blackmail, kidnapping, and in particular, ille­ gal weapons trafficking and terror-

52 War on Drugs / November 1980 ism, has been uncovered at the cert where 11 American young­ castle. sters were crushed to death when Although the investigators did the crowd stampeded, drugs were not officially reveal any details, it rampant. is a very interesting coincidence Even before the concert began, that Trombin, the owner of the the ADC issued a press release castle has long been a client of the denouncing the Council on Culture lawyer Armando Cillario, who and asking the Swedish govern­ gained notoriety defending the ment to deny visas to the Marley kidnappers of a child, Cristina Swedish ADC group on the grounds that they use Mazzotti. The case is notorious in drugs and were undesirables. Fol­ Italy, not only for the ferocity of lowing the violence, and after the the crime (the girl's body was forces action ADC published expos6s on how found in a garbage dump), but Jamaica was being used as a mar­ because when the news first broke vs. terrorism ijuana plantation by the Interna­ and public outrage was at its high­ tional Monetary Fund (IMF) and est point, a police officer implicat­ The Swedish Anti-Drug Coalition, on the nature of the Rastafarians, ed Socialist Party leader Achilli as headquartered in Stockholm, has several newspapers called for an the instigator of the kidnapping. sparked a heated debate within the investigation of the ADC's charges Finally, the lead which promises Swedish government and Parlia­ about the Council. to be very fruitful is the "terrorist ment over state funding of self- In the June 11 issue of Kultur- track." As the Italian daily Cor- avowed proterrorist and prodrug rddet Informirer, the Council, riere della Sera put it on June 8, rock bands. The debate, which cen­ headed by Anders Klason, went , "our investigators discovered net­ ters on the funding policies of the into a public counterattack, claim­ works and elements leading to a government-sponsored Council on ing that the ADC was demanding destabilization plan on a political Culture, has been taken up as a that the Council "censor the arts." level, concerning armed subver­ major issue by many of the daily The Council's defense of its activi­ sion in countries of Western Eu­ newspapers across the country, in­ ties, however, began to look ridic­ rope and in Central and South cluding Stockholm's largest paper, ulous after one interested newspa­ America." Connections, in other Aftonbladet. per interviewed the leader of the words, between the drug trade and The ADC of Sweden has uncov­ Pepps Blods Band about the ADC's international terrorism. , ered and publicly exposed the charges. The "artist" replied can­ Such connections have already Council's funding of "rock bands" didly: "Sure, I've been smoking surfaced in Italy on several occa­ such as Ebba Gron (Ever Green), a hashish for 10 years and I am al­ sions. The series of arrests by Ital­ group named after a Baader-Mein- ways high when I play for a con­ ian and French police in Paris and hof terrorist cell which was arrest­ cert." Nice last March brought to light ed for their plans to kidnap the the fact that many Italian terror­ Swedish Minister of Social Af­ Prime minister responds ists who had been sent to France to fairs, and of Pepps Blods (Blood) In early June, the ADC filed an organize the "French Red Bri­ Band, a punk rock group that spe­ official complaint against the gades," otherwise known as Action cializes in provoking violent inci­ Council on Culture with the prime Directe, were drug addicts, and dents at its concerts. minister, Thorbjorn Falldin, in completely manipulable through which they requested an investi­ drugs. This terrorist group is Rastafarian concert gation into what other types of lihked to the "Communist Combat The issue of the Council on Cul­ projects the Council is funding. Units" organization, the clandes­ ture's activities became public fol­ Several weeks ago, Falldin's of­ tine terrorist gang led by Giacomo lowing a June 16 concert by "reg­ fice replied to the ADC with a Mancini's son-in-law, Paolo Lap- gae" musician Bob Marley, a mem­ letter commending the ADC for its poni, and linked to Mancini's other ber of the Rastafarian cult which work against the drug culture. The famous protege, Franco Piperno. smokes "ganja," a potent form of letter also stated that the prime Piperno is the professor charged marijuana as part of its "religious" minister agrees that it is "inappro­ with organizing the kidnap of Aldo rituals. The Marley concert was a priate for the council to be financ­ Moro, who was recently released project of the Council on Culture, ing the activities of "drug propo­ under the incredible pretext of which resulted in a riot and the nents." "lack of evidence." Mancini cele­ hospitalization of dozens of youth The ADC is continuing to de­ brated Piperno's liberation last who were among several thousand mand a full investigation and re­ month with a rock concert in Reg- who could not get into the concert. placement of Council employees gio Calabria. Police reports showed that, as in who continue to back the dope cul­ —Umberto Poscali the Cincinnati, Ohio "Who" con­ ture.

November 1980 / War on Drugs 53 tution and protection rackets in­ side and outside Israel is under the NEWS control of a handful of mafiosi col­ Middle East lectively labeled the "Kosher Nos­ tra" by Israeli journalists: Morde- chai Serfati, a.k.a. "Mentesh," known as the "godfather of god­ fathers"; Bezalel Mizrahi, Men- tesh's likely heir; Samuel Flatto- Begin gov't links to Sharon, associate of Mentesh and Mizrahi who has escaped extradi­ crime publicized in France tion to France by securing a seat in Israel's Parliament; Rahamir A furor has been created in Jewish Ariel Sharon, current Interior Aharoni ("Goumadi"); Gad Shats communities worldwide by a book Minister Yosef Burg, former De­ ("Floum"); and Hershko Nello, who recently published in France. The fense Minister Ezer Weizman, for­ has been jailed for drug operations book accuses Israeli government mer Foreign Minister Moshe Day- in Thailand. leaders of complicity in the activi­ an, and several retired Israeli gen­ Together, they control a network ties of the "Kosher Nostra"—Isra­ erals. stretching from Israel to Califor­ eli mobsters engaged in heavy Israel's own addict and "casual nia, to Thailand, Europe and the drug-running into Westen Europe, user" population is supplied from Caribbean. the United States, and Israel itself. several sources: Thailand via such The book also charges prominent European transshipment points as Mentesh and the Jewish Agency Zionist figures in the United States Amsterdam and Frankfurt (the Mentesh was one of the pioneers. with protecting the Israeli drug- "Brown Sugar" connection); Egypt He built up a network of friends in runners. via routes traveled by Bedouin the Jewish Agency before Israel's The Israeli Connection: The smugglers; and Lebanon, a trade declaration of statehood. In the Mafia in Israel, was authored by abetted by the recently declared 1930s, he ran gangs of thugs and Jacques Derogy, senior investiga­ Christian "Republic of Free Leba­ smugglers among Palestinian tive reporter for L'Express, the non" under Colonel Saad Haddad. dockworkers who were contracted French weekly. Its impact is all the Inside Israel, drugs circulate by the Jewish Agency to bring greater because Derogy earned his freely, with pharmacies and flower Jewish refugees into Palestine. reputation as an author by writing shops serving as supply points. Mentesh secured substantial prof­ a series of books very favorable to When Heinry Kissinger paid a dip­ its from the refugee operation. Israel. He cannot be called "anti- lomatic visit in 1976, the FBI found So "useful" was he that when he Semitic." That accusation, Derogy a hashish plantation in the garden was arrested for hashish-smug­ reports, was most recently used to of the King David Hotel. gling in the early 1950s, Prime shield the "Kosher Nostra" from According to Derogy, the orga­ Minister Ben-Gurion's son Amos an investigation by police in Los nization of drug-running, prosti­ interceded to free him. Angeles, the base of their illicit American drug trafficking. Derogy states that he wrote the present book from his pro-Israel impulse. He warns: "Israel is at a crossroads. New winds have to blow and Israel has to find the courage to cleanse its own society." Israel has 100,000 addicts, heavily drawn from the 16-18 age category, in a total population of less than four million. Major figures in Israeli political life are implicated, as either sus­ piciously "soft on drugs" or "com- plicit with drug traffickers," in­ cluding Prime Minister Menachem Begin, former prime ministers Yit­ zhak Rabin and David Ben-Gur- Israel's former Defense Minister Ezer Weizmann, General Eytan, and Prime ion, current Agriculture Minister Minister iBegin—exposed for protecting organized crime.

54 War on Drugs / November 1980 Police representative Buchner was responsible for authoring a 1977 report claiming that organ­ ized crime did not exist in Israel.

A Kosher Nostra government When Samuel Flatto-Sharon sought his parliamentary seat to gain immunity from criminal charges facing him in France, his campaign was indirectly funded by Mentesh and Mentesh's proba­ ble successor, Bezalel Mizrahi. He was advised by Yaacov Halfon, a former adviser to David Ben-Gur- Author Derogy (r.) with Israeli mobster Samuel Flatto-Sharon, whose drug- ion, Yitzhak Rabin and Ariel Shar­ running he exposed. on. Beyond this, Sharon and Ezer Weizman had earlier actively While Mentesh was setting up sterdam chosen as the new center. sought Flatto-Sharon's monetary his drug operations, other Israeli In attendance at this "business support for the 1977 Likud election drug-trafficking networks were meeting" was a pioneer of the campaign. being established in Europe, large­ Thailand-Amsterdam "Brown Sug­ One year earlier, it was Mena- ly under the auspices of one Yosef ar" trade, Pinhas Goldstein, and chem Begin himself who led a Buchman, a millionaire involved key distributors of hashin in the campaign in Israel's Parliament to in diamond smuggling, prostitu­ U.S., Rahamir Aharoni and Amalia save Flatto-Sharon from extradi­ tion, and black market currency Levyn, both then under intense tion to France, on the basis that operations. With assistance from FBI surveillance. ganster Flatto-Sharon was an Is­ the Israeli Embassy and the late The Israeli mob's input into Cal­ raeli "national hero"! Finance Minister Pinhas Sapir, ifornia dates from the October 1973 Similarly, when one Israeli par­ Buchman came to command an Arab-Israeli war period, when as­ liamentarian, Ehud Olmert, began extensive prostitution, pornogra­ sociates of Mentesh forced mafia to go after Mizrahi, Mentesh's like­ phy, and drug empire centered in competitors in Los Angeles to "re­ ly successor and godfather, he was Frankfurt and Munich. By 1973, locate." The Los Angeles mob was visited by General Rehavam Ze'evi 2,000 addicts were hooked on ex­ headed up by drug merchants ("Gandhi"), a former adviser to pensive Israeli-supplied "Brown Schmaya Engel, Gad Shats Rabin. Ze'evi informed Olmert: Sugar" in Frankfurt-am-Main ("Floum"), Yehuda Avital, and "There is an army behind Mizrahi. alone. Yussef Zakaria. Zakaria recently If you continue, there will be an By the late 1970s, police crack­ was arrested for the 1979 murder upsurge of numerous people who downs had begun to dismantle Is­ of an Israeli couple—part of the are friends with my good brother raeli crime networks in parts of battle for control of the lucrative Mizrahi. ... If you want some ad­ West Germany. Included in this cocaine traffic between the United vice, you had better retract." Ol­ crackdown was the arrest on pros­ States and Colombia. mert accused Ze'evi of threatening titution and drug charges of Moshe In late 1979, Derogy reports, him. Ze'evi answered: "No. It's a Dayan's son Uri. Also arrested press sources on the West Coast simple fact." were Avner Kedem, the chief of began to expose the Israeli mobs­ Soon afterward, Ze'evi tried to security of the Israeli foreign min­ ters, and police investigators were set up Olmert for arrest by paying istry, who used his diplomatic lug­ also hot on their trail. Then, he Israeli slum dwellers to sell drugs gage to transport heroin from Asia notes bitterly, the Israeli police to Olmert. to Israel, and Shimon Rimon, a representative in the U.S., Michael Since Derogy wrote his book, trainee of Ariel Sharon who had Buchner, refused collaboration Mizrahi has launched his own been personally protected by Gen­ with police and attacked newspa­ campaign for parliament. Ze'evi eral Rafael Eytan—Israel's cur­ pers for saying that an Israeli maf­ has been appointed by Interior rent Chief of Staff. ia existed. Generally, says Derogy, Minister Burg to head an inter­ After these crackdowns, Derogy U.S. opponents of the Israeli mob agency government task force to reports, several Kosher Nostra are hamstrung by leading U.S. Zi­ coordinate relations between Is­ chiefs met in a hotel in Israel to onists perpetually haranguing rael's interior ministry and Israel's map out the reorganization of drug them for conducting "anti-Semitic police force. operations in Europe, with Am­ campaigns." —Mark Burdman

November 1980 / War on Drugs 55 cal figures and financial institu­ tions such as the Canadian banks NEWS who handle the bulk of the Carib­ Canada bean drug trade, as well as promi­ nent families who hide behind a screen of respectability, the Que­ bec Anti-Drug Coalition and its Dope, Inc. allies have demonstrated a highly effective bittle strategy for anti­ smoked out drug groups everywhere. in Quebec Deerim bill opposed Reggie Chartrand, president of the Chevaliers de l'lndependence Canada, less a nation than a stag­ (Knights of Independence) and a ing ground for deployments of prominent nationalist and drug Dope & Murder, Inc., has become fighter, wjas quoted extensively the battleground in a political war July 12 in the Journal de Montreal. over the drug issue. The center of Chartrand] a collaborator of the the fight is Quebec, where French Louise Ouimet: no 'debates' with ad­ Quebec Aflti-Drug Coalition, de­ dicts. Canadian citizens who recently nounced Quebec's Premier Lev- lost a fight to gain independence esque and Canadian Minister of talk shows. On one, Roger Drolet, from Canada have no trouble un­ Justice Jein Chretien, the author the host, repeatedly reminded his derstanding the role played by the of a bill to be introduced in this listeners that the Bronfmans of British oligarchy in maintaining session of Canada's national par­ Canada are the leading drug push­ the country as a private hunting liament, for their complicity in ers in the nation. reserve for Dope, Inc.'s hired guns. promoting both abortion and the In targeting top national politi- decriminalization of marijuana. Dope, Inc.'s first family "It is time to demand of the The Bronfman family, explained Parti Qujebecois—the party of Beaudry, attained their present po­ youth—why they have not begun sition as Dope, Inc.'s first family in ... ," said Chartrand. "While our Canada following their notorious long-time j enemy, Jean Chretien, role as rum-runners during Prohi­ calls for the decriminalization of bition. Today Bronfman, along marijuana, the Levesque govern­ with leading Zionist "philanthro­ ment does absolutely nothing to pist" Major Louis Bloomfield, oppose this action. ... It is not founder of the international assas­ with drugp, nor with abortion, that sination bureau, Permindex, con­ we will be able to build the repub­ trols the North American fran­ lic of Quebec." chise of Dope, Inc. As a result of widespread oppo­ Among the many people calling sition to the bill—including that of in to the program to express sup­ the Minister of Health and Wel­ port for the ADC was Reggie Char­ fare, Monique Begin, and the Sol­ trand, who announced his full pub­ icitor General, Bob Kaplan—Chre­ lic support and intention to work tien was recently forced to back with the ADC. Chartrand's en­ down. He asserted that he is not dorsement and that of the Police for legalization of marijuana, nor Federation led to an invitation to even decj-im, but that he merely Louise Ouimet, Assistant Director wishes to "soften" the law. of the Coalition, to appear on an­ A Junej25 announcement by the other talk show of the same radio Quebec Federation of Municipal station. Police fully endorsing the fight of When Ouimet arrived at the sta­ the ADCj to stop Chretien's deerim tion June 26 she was informed that bill was aired on all Montreal radio she was to debate a drug addict on and television stations. As a re­ the pros and cons of drug use. sult, Pierre Beaudry, Director of Refusing to engage in the set-up, The Quebec Anti-Drug Coalition's pop­ the Anti-Drug Coalition, was in­ Ouimet denounced the fraudulent ular poster against glue-sniffing. vited to speak on two popular radio basis of the debate and blasted the

56 War on Drugs / November 1980 announcer for his manipulative Colombia, Guyana and Jamaica, methods—on the air. NEWS the World Bank and the Interna­ Ouimet was then hustled out of tional Monetary Fund, with the the broadcast area and into the Latin America blessing of the Carter administra­ office of the station manager, Mr. tion, played midwives so that Bo­ Titelman, who told her that he had livia was "born again" as a mere received calls from four Bronfman drug plantation. The World Bank's lawyers demanding the tapes of International Trade and Monetary the Pierre Beaudry show, and Cocaine coup Flow Department head for Latin threatened that Bronfman and America, John Holdson, revealed Harry Bloomfield (a nephew of in Bolivia its plans on a Sept. 8, 1978: Louis) were coming in to confront "I've just returned from Bolivia, her in person. The military takeover that Bolivia and I know that the coca industry While calls poured into the talk suffered July 17 signals the trans­ there is highly advantageous to show in support of Ouimet's stand formation of Bolivia from an im­ producers. In fact, from their point against the phony debate, she was poverished mining and agricultur­ of view, they simply couldn't find held for over an hour and subject­ al nation into a major, reliable a better product. Its advantages ed to a tirade in which Titelman supplier of raw cocaine for the are that no elaborate technology is attacked the book Dope, Inc., de­ cartel known as Dope, Inc. required, no hybrid seeds; the land fended Bloomfield, and claimed: Bolivia already produces 100 and the climate are perfect." "LaRouche (Lyndon H. LaRouche, tons per year of raw cocaine, most Bolivia's 1979 cocaine exports American presidential candidate of which is refined in Colombia rose by 380 percent! (Agence and co-founder of the National into the white powder that appears France Presse reports a 2,000 per­ Anti-Drug Coalition—ed.) is be­ on American streets. cent increase over the last three hind all this ... he is much more Ex-president Hernan Siles Zu- years.) powerful than Bloomfield ... he is azo declared, from a clandestine Bolivia's role in the centrally anti-Semitic." The station manag­ retreat, that "the real objectives of controlled world drug trade is lim­ er hinted broadly of rape, murder, the pseudo-government of [mili­ ited to being the number-one pro­ and assassination, according to tary junta chieftain General Luis] ducer of raw cocaine. The green Ouimet. Garcia Meza are to go on looting leaves from 25,000 acres of coca Immediately following this inci­ the country and, without any con­ bushes grown legally are illegally dent, the ADC issued thousands of straints, protect interests linked to condensed in primitive "kitchens" leaflets exposing this latest resort the monstrous drug traffic which into "base" powder, almost all of to terrorism by Dope, Inc. scions has made Bolivia into an interna­ which is shipped to Colombia lab­ Bronfman and Bloomfield. The tional menace.. . . oratories for final refinement. membership rolls of the Quebec The coup took no one, least of all Bolivia sells itself cheap. Its cut Anti-Drug Coalition, already a the Carter administration, by sur­ of the $25 billion its crude cocaine substantial constituency organiza­ prise. It was widely known that would fetch in Main Street U.S.A. tion, grew by several dozens. the military is so corrupted by the retail markets is only $1 billion. Major demonstrations against drug mafia that it would not per­ But that is more than the $777 the decrim bill are planned for mit Siles Zuazo to be reelected in million the IMF reports the coun­ August in Montreal and Septem­ congressional balloting August 4 try earned from all its legal ex­ ber in Ottawa, where numerous with the support of deputy Marce- ports last year. groups including the Knights of lo Quiroga Santa Cruz, who has A plane belonging to former Independence, Optimist Clubs, been running a congressional in­ president General Hugo Banzer's PTAs, and firefighters' associations quest into military corruption. top aide was found in April with are expected to participate. Quiroga was recognized by 1,500 pounds of cocaine base on The fight continues to spread. plainclothes soldiers on coup day. board. But two weeks before the On a June 23 Quebec radio show, He was summarily machine- coup, a Falangist mob judiciously popular entertainer Romeo Pe- gunned on the spot. An estimated sacked the prefecture in the drug russe attacked the Bronfmans for 200 to 1,000 potential opponents capital, Santa Cruz, and put the running drugs. There is "a conspir­ arrested in a similar manner have records and evidence to the torch. acy behind drugs, night clubs and "disappeared." When presented with evidence discos," he said. He charged that that the Bolivian coup was linked the Bronfman family, once major The cocaine business to drugs, the State Department smugglers of liquor, now smuggle Bolivia, due to inadequate in­ angrily responded that it was drugs, using the discos to get them vestment in mining, petroleum "pure speculation. ... We have no to young people. and other industries, approached hard information on Bolivian drug —Bonnie Mesaros bankruptcy in 1978. As in Peru, traffic."

November 1980 / War on Drugs 57 of the Island are followers of a that with this theory, "I can con­ kind of Buddhism combined with vince my workers that they are LETTERS Shiva worship. True Buddhist eth­ monkeys." ics repudiates all drug use, of One grandson of Thomas Hux­ course. It is actually combining the ley, Julian, founded Unesco, using most nihilistic aspects of Bud­ it primarily to prevent scientific dhism with a zero-population and industrial development from growth philosophy. Since life is becoming the policy of many na­ meaningless anyway, why bring tions. What he did, and what his children into the world. The only brother Aldous wrote and did in meaningful experiences of our life promoting drug use and zero- are LSD trips and tantric sex ex­ growth Utopias, reflects the policy periences.! of broad layers of the British elite, I believe further research will the many families like the Huxleys reveal that Island is the actual clustered around the oligarchical scenario Huxley had envisioned Cecil family. These people have for the world. It, rather than never accepted the threat to their Brave New World, should be stud­ political domination that modern ied to understand the Aquarian industry represents. They don't Role of Huxleys Conspiracy. like people "not born of blood and Lawrence S. Taylor quality." questioned Columbia, Maryland Whether Brave New World or Fantasy Island, Aldous Huxley Dear Sir, Reply was not really writing about the I am writing this letter in re­ • I ^ future but about a feudal pa9t in sponse to Christian Curtis's article Dear Mr. Taylor: which families like his own were in the July 1980 issue of War on Thanks to your letter, we intend powerful and secure. As Carol Drugs. to review Fantasy Island at the White's new book The New Dark I wish some documentation earliest opportunity. In the mean­ Age Conspiracy (reviewed in this could be provided to justify the time, with Brave New World on issue) proves, these families' com­ attacks on such figures as the Hux­ nearly every high school reading mitment is to bringing that world ley's. For example I read Brave list and the film version officially back, no matter how many people New World in my middle teens. My recommended by the National Ed­ die in the process. reaction to it was that it was an ucation Association, it is impor­ attack on some future trends that tant to keep the record straight were developing. I came away about the consistently evil inten­ Gentlemen: from it seeing the potential and tions of the Huxleys' literary and The article "MK-Ultra is Alive real dangers of "bottled babies," "scientific" output. ... And Out to Destroy Your "genetic planning," destruction of Our investigations into the his­ Mind"—This article is true. I knew the family, and the solution to tory of the Huxley family have all the people in this article. I had problems in drugs. How could any­ produced considerable documenta­ to defend my teaching of drugs one read such a book and see the tion of their role in the drug traffic because of their philosophy with Brave New World as anything, but and other matters. The first fa­ reference to drugs. disgusting. mous Huxley was Aldous's grand­ Gladys Benerd Huxley's real statement on the father Thomas. Thomas Huxley Stockton, Calif. "ideal society" is his Utopian Fan­ made Charles Darwin famous. tasy Island. Reading this book in Darwin's theories (actually, they War on Drugs welcomes letters my late teens, it was apparent that seem to have been Huxley's) served from, readers, including letters this work, published and written to reduce man to an animal by that have been blacked out of other in his final period, represents his arguing that the essence of life media. Letters for publication worldview. was sexual reproduction rather must include the name and ad­ It is a worldview which advo­ than evolution itself. Sex, of dress of the sender and will be cates LSD-mescaline as a spiritu­ course, has its role. But man con­ selected on the basis of general ally enlightening drug; levels of tinues to evolve! in a way that is interest. We particularly invite industry much below ours; social independent of biology, by his cre­ readers to "blow the whistle" on engineering; and tantric sexual ative intellect through science and politicians, newspapers, judges practices. The general tone of the social development. Thomas Hux­ and others who are contributing to book is despair and the inhabitants ley promoted Darwin by saying the drug problem. ;l

58 War on Drugs / November 1980 [MOM, Mm

Int'l conference on drug abuse indicts marijuana on all counts

The ravages of the current drug drug, since it results in only mild say that marijuana is therefore a abuse epidemic were reviewed in withdrawal symptoms. "soft" drug is to say that there is gruesome detail at a conference However, Nahas pointed out no distinction between man and entitled "Drug Abuse in the Mod­ that the psychological effects of beast. ern World: a Perspective for the drug abuse, including both the di­ Eighties," held on June 20 and 21 rect effects of using drugs and the Heath details brain damage at the College of Physicians and psychological withdrawal symp­ The actual brain damage caused Surgeons, Columbia University. toms, are far more important than by marijuana was then described The conference was organized the physical effects. The main psy­ by the next speaker, Dr. Robert by Dr. Gabriel Nahas, a leading chological effects of all of the Heath, of Tulane University: researcher on the medical effects abused drugs are to "provide an "Those brain sites most affected of marijuana, and included 40 escape from unpleasant feelings by marijuana in both monkey and speakers in panels on the biologi­ and experiences of real life" by man are in the neural network cal and psychological effects of blurring their existence, changing where activity has been correlated drug abuse; the social effects, in­ sensory perceptions, and inducing with emotion. In time, with regu­ cluding the damage to family a happy, detached, dreamy state. lar use of marijuana, alterations structure, school functioning, and Viewed from this perspective, in electrical activity at these sites worker productivity; the devastat­ heroin, cocaine, marijuana, LSD become permanent, in association ing effect of the current drug epi­ and amphetamines, while having with ultrastructural [microscopic] demic in the military; and the fi­ different specific psychological ef­ changes at the synapse [communi­ nancial and political structure of fects, all converge on the overall cation space between nerve cells] the international drug running effect of destroying the higher cre­ and the cell nuclei, as shown in the cartel, including its stranglehold ative capacities of the human brains of monkey recipients (see over the governments of many mind. Nahas summarized this ef­ fig. land 2).... countries of the world. fect: "Indeed, it has always been "While much of the basic work reported that the abuse of euphor­ has been done in animals, the ulti­ No such thing as 'soft' drugs iant drugs threatens man's crea­ mate, necessary prerequisite for Dr. Nahas opened the conference tive activities with damaging re­ establishing these correlations has by destroying the distinction be­ sults to his community. This fun­ been through the development of tween "hard" and "soft" drugs. damental observation has led all techniques that permit us to mon­ Hard drugs are usually defined as societies throughout history to re­ itor and alter deep and surface those which cause a physical de­ strict the consumption of these brain activity in fully conscious pendence, so that if a regular user drugs which may be so readily human subjects over prolonged pe­ abruptly stops taking the drug he abused." riods, ranging from months to sev­ will go through physical with­ Concerning the higher aspects of eral years (fig. 3 and 4). Studies in drawal symptoms, for example, the mind, marijuana can be as patients were an extension of our vomiting and sweating in the case devastating as heroin though the studies in subhuman primates of heroin addiction, and possibly lower aspects, such as the ability and, in every instance, the goal convulsions in the case of barbitu­ to do mindless physical labor or was therapeutic. (For example, in rates. By this reasoning marijuana strum repetitively on a guitar, some patients, electrodes were im­ is frequently described as a soft may be spared by marijuana. To planted in the brain in an attempt

November 1980 / War on Drugs 59 to control intractible pain, and sponses and, further, to stimulate "It is in this context, in our drug- these electrodes could then be used various brain sites while simulta­ prone society, that our marijuana to monitor the effects of smoking neously obtaining reports of their data have significant implications. marijuana). feelings1. These reported introspec­ Of the drugs we have tested, mar­ "While many methods of study tive data were essential in identi­ ijuana has proven to be one of the that we used in patients were the fying the pleasure and pain sys­ most effective in inducing pleasur­ same ones we used in subhuman tems of the brain. able feelings with corresponding primates—brain recordings, stim­ "In patients, characteristic re­ activation of neuronal activity in ulation, and objective observations cording alterations occur during the brain's pleasure system. In pa­ of behavior—the therapeutic stud­ episodes of altered emotion associ­ tients, we have found that initial ies in patients added an important ated with such illnesses as psy­ exposure to marijuana activates dimension. By virtue of their ver­ chosis and the aura of epilepsy. the same system that is activated bal reports, we were able to gather Most pertinent to today's presen­ during sexual orgasm and recall of data concerning activity of the tation is the correlation between profoundly pleasurable experi­ mind, that is, thoughts and feel­ brain activity at specific sites and ences. ings. It became possible to corre­ alterations in emotional states "Moreover, electrical or chemical late the electrical recordings of the that are the consequence of expo­ stimulation of the same system patients with their subjective re­ sure to various drugs. invariably induces an immediate

Figure 2 Figure 1 Brain cells of the Rhesus monkey Normal brain cells in the Rhesus monkey Normal Rhesus monkey brain tissue is magnified here using after the animal was treated with marijuana the electron microscope to 30,000 times-original size. TheIn these animals the size of the synaptic cleft (magnified black area between B and D is the synaptic cl&ft (SC), the30,000 times) is pathologically widened by an average of 25 communication space between two adjacent j nerve cellspercent. This change is associated in the animals with across which the neural impulses must travel for the cellsabnormal electrical activity of the cells. The inset, magnified to function normally. The inset shows the synaptic cleft at 80,000 times, shows the widening of the synaptic cleft (SC); higher magnification (80,000 times). as iuell as an accumulation of unidentified dark material in tM cleft space. Animals treated with moderate amounts of marijuana for six months and then kept free of the drug for nine mbnths still showed this evidence of brain damage. This specific type of damage is seen in several other conditions: Source: Jon W. Harper, Robert G. Heath, and William A Myers, J. of brain poisoning with such agents as carbon tetrachloride Neuroscienee Research. 3 (1977), p. 89. and severe vitamin B deficiency that results in psychosis.

60 War on Drugs / November 1980 and dramatic pleasurable re­ sponse, a response capable of obli­ terating intractable physical pain.. . . "However, objective studies have revealed that profoundly de­ structive complications inevitably result from drug manipulation of the fundamental pleasure-pain mechanism. The deleterious ef­ fects to both the individual and society have been repeatedly and consistently demonstrated. Our marijuana - studies in monkeys clearly show the physical damage to the anatomical-physiological- brain substrate [cells] for emotion­ al behavior. With prolonged expo­ sure to the drug, not only was there permanent impairment of the brain's pleasure system, as ob­ served in deep and surface electro­ Conference organizer Nahas— "drugs threaten man's creative activities." encephalograms (EEGs), but ac­ tivity of the brain's adversive puffs from a joint replace the a section of his talk entitled, "Fac­ [pain] system became dominant. pleasure of a good golf game or a tors Harming the Cause," Law­ As we have previously reported, swim on a warm afternoon, we rence stated: this observation was later con­ have apathy and physical deterio­ "First, we should stop sending firmed by histological [cellular] ration. When apprehension devel­ studies of the monkey brains. out messages that cater to weak­ oping in anticipation of an exam is ness at home and signal our re­ "Paralleling the findings in mon­ wiped away by instant pleasure, treat from multilateral coopera­ keys, we were also being told by the student does not prepare, and tion. The Carter administration's patients who were marijuana fails the exam. standing endorsement of mari­ smokers that, in time, the pleasur­ "When ingestion of a chemical juana decriminalization since 1977 able response to the drug was substitute replaces the pleasant has been the most notorious of being attenuated and replaced by arousal of solving a problem or these messages. The White House unpleasant feelings of depression designing a new engine, what are posture has weakened our enforce­ and paranoia, together with the the implications for the future of ment efforts nationwide, encour­ 'burned-out' syndrome of decreas­ dur society—or even our survival aged the pro-pot lobby, and in­ ing motivation, apathy, and au­ as a nation?" duced greater levels of abuse of tism. Other medical researchers at the cannabis products, particularly "The 'second complication ad­ conference documented the ability among our youth—at younger and dresses the results of physical al­ of marijuana to alter male and younger ages. The President's teration of the neural mechanism— female sex hormones (fig. 5), as stand has persisted in the face of not only in terms of the individual, well as a variety of other harmful strong and mounting evidence on but in terms of the society of effects. the harmful effects of marijuana which drug users are a component. on mental and physical well-being, The fate of cultures in which drug Carter indicted for plus the fact that marijuana is a use has been extensive serves to drug epidemic significant social stepping stone to substantiate the consequences of The conference then turned to harder, more damaging drugs. inducing pleasure that is dissociat­ the subject of the causes of the "If marijuana does become de­ ed from utility and ultimately sur­ current drug abuse epidemic in the criminalized under federal law, it vival. In our own culture, where United States. Malcolm Lawrence, would put the congressional seal of use of drugs is ever-increasing, the Special Assistant for International approval on cannabis and influ­ pattern is rapidly emerging. Narcotics Matters, U.S. State De­ ence state legislatures throughout "When the pleasure a person partment, from 1971-77, laid the the country to do likewise." gains from taking a drug replaces blame squarely at the doorstep of Dr. John H. Langer, Chief of the reward for a job well done, we the White House for its advocacy Preventive Programs Section of have shoddy workmanship. When of marijuana decriminalization. In the Drug Enforcement Admini-

November 1980 / War on Drugs 61 stration, then explained how the "The prodrug lobby which al­ merely a cost of doing business. drug pushers are frequently let off leges the courts give high sen­ DEA has recommended to the the hook: tences for possession of a single Congress that a procedure be im­ "The majority of illicit drug 'joint' of marijuana is out of touch plemented, whereby a judge or money comes from heroin, mari­ with reality or is purposely dis­ magistrate would preside over a juana and cocaine. Yet, at present, torting the truth. This is simply hearing in which the government the maximum penalty for a traf­ not happening today. What the would be afforded an opportunity ficker in hundreds of tons of mari­ courts are too often doing is releas­ to represent, that the defendant juana is five years, with the aver­ ing or giving very low sentences to was a threat to the community, or age sentence three years. Over half hardened drug traffickers. was likely to flee the jurisdiction the convicted marijuana traffick­ "Thei problem of low bail for of the court. ers do not go to jail at all. In the major dealers is also serious. DEA "With a procedure of this type Congress, there are proposed laws is now pursuing over 2,700 fugi­ in force, we believe that we would which will double the penalties for tives, many of whom have fled see a marked decline in the exces­ large-scale traffickers who move after posting bail bonds of sive number of fugitives we now 1,000 pounds or more. DEA hundreds of thousands of dollars. carry on the books. The present strongly supports these proposals. For such men, $100,000 in bail is bail system is not a deterrent. Bail

Figure 3 Figure 4 Pattern of normal brain waves of human subject Pattern of brain waves in human Each graph represents the electrical activity produced in a after smoking one marijuana cigarette particular area of the brain. LF Cx stands for left frontal There is a marked alteration in the LA SEP, or septal cortex, CZ-RF Cx stands for central zone to right frontal- recording site. These abnormal brain waves occur most cortex, etc. The area most significant in the marijuana strongly when the patient experiences a "rush " feeling from study is the septal area, indicated here as LA \SEP. In this the marijuana. In similar experiments with rhesus monkeys normal reading, note the small wave pattern characteristic it is found that this is the area of the brain which accu­ of the septal area. mulates the greatest amount of the marijuana substances Source: R.G. Heath, Marijuana, Effects on Deep and Surface Electroenceph­ TliC, and this is also the area in which marijuana causes alograms in Man, Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 26: 577-84,1972. brain cell damage, as shown in figure 2.

62 War on Drugs / November 1980 is a ticket to freedom. We recently paratus. As detailed elsewhere in apprehended Jimmy Chagra, a this magazine, the cartel is cen­ DEA fugitive. At the time he fled, tered in British and British- he had been convicted of conduct­ spawned offshore banks, such as ing a continuing criminal enter­ the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank prise and of numerous drug traf­ and outlets in the Bahamas and ficking violations. Although his Cayman Islands. bail had been set for $400,000, he The directors of these banks are fled the jurisdiction of the court. also the leading members of such When he was again caught, he had political clubs as the New York $186,000 in cash in his auto." Council on Foreign Relations, the Trilateral Commission, and the Royal Institute of International Drugs in the armed forces Affairs in Britain. The New York Dr. G. Negron, of the National Figure 5 CFR, through people like Henry Navy Medical Center in Bethesda, Uterus of rat after ovaries have Kissinger and Zbigniew Brzezin- Md., described the drug abuse epi­ been remo ved ski, control Carter, Kennedy, Bush, demic in the U.S. armed forces. A The organ is small, the lumen (central and most of Reagan's top advisers, significant percent of G.I.s sta­ space) is slit-like, and the tissue is such as Milton Friedman. It is little tioned in West Germany are ar­ atrophied due to lack' of normal female wonder, then, that local narcotics hormones (magnified 22 times). rested for drugs during their tour agents are frequently told "hands of duty. off" when an investigation leads "The arrests are the tip of the too high to a political figure. iceberg," he stated, "and it fright­ ens me to think that these drug My talk was followed by a users are operating complicated spokesman from Venezuela at military equipment. They are not the United Nations Commission capable of functioning at the re­ on Narcotics. He stated: "This in­ quired level when they are on ternational drug cartel, to which drugs." the previous speaker referred, is Dr. Negron said that the all-vol­ the main impediment to the devel­ unteer army was part of the prob­ opment of the Third World, to the lem. "The people who volunteer creation of a new world economic are frequently society's dropouts. order. Third World countries are They dropped out of school, can't being destroyed by drugs, both as hold a job, can't maintain a family, producers and as consumers." so they enlist. Frequently, the rea­ He went on to detail how drug son they are having so many prob­ production is imposed on Third lems is because they are taking World countries, like Colombia, by drugs. They bring their drug prob­ the cartel bankers, that drug pro­ lem with them when they enter duction is no more a "'sociological the army, and then spread it to phenomenon" than is drug con­ sumption. To stop drug running, he others." Figure 6 The overall rate of drug abuse concluded, we must name the Uterus of rat after ovaries have among American youth was given names and clean out the appara­ been removed, followed by a conservative estimate by Dr. tus, from the top down. administration of 2.5 mg per Joan Rittenhouse of the National —Ned Rosinsky, M.D. kilogram THC daily for two weeks Institute on Drug Abuse as 16.7 The uterus is enlarged compared to percent for frequent users of mar­ References the control in figure 5, and the atro­ 1) Heath, R.G., "Marijuana, Effects on phied tissues have regenerated. These ijuana in the 12-17 age group. She Deep and Surface Electroencephalograms," also noted that cocaine use in this Afaw. Arch. Gen, Psychiat. 26: 577-584,1972. changes are similar to the effect of age group increased 75 percent be­ 2) Solomon, J. et al.: "Effect of Delta-9- giving the animal female hormones, tween 1977 and 1979. Tetrahydrocannabinol on Uterine and Vagi­ shouting the profound sex-hormone- nal Cytology of Ovariectomized Rats," Sci­ type effects of marijuana. In male rats Concerning the political and eco­ ence, 195: 875-877, 1977. and humans, marijuana has been nomic causes and effects of the 3) The Proceedings of the International shown, in moderate doses, to decrease drug epidemic, this writer spoke Symposium will be published by Pergamon male sex hormones and cause abnor­ on the international banking and Press in the fall of 1980 at a prepublication price of $40. Copies can be reserved at malities in the sperm cells. shipping cartel which controls, top Pergamon Press, Inc., Maxwell House, Fair- Source: J. Solomon, M.A. Cocchia, and R. Di- down, the entire drug running ap­ view Park, Elmsford, New York 10523. Martino, in Science, March 4, 1977, 195: 875-877.

November 1980 / War on Drugs 63 Dr. Edward Christian

The extent of the 1980 heroin epidemic Dr. Edward Christian is Medical come to the physically addicted has not built up any tolerance to Examiner's Assistant in the Coro­ daily heiioin user, who generally thejirug, and the overdose level is ner's Office of Philadelphia. Read­ spends one to several hundreds of related to the tolerance the user ers are invited te> submit questions dollars a day on his habit, and has built up. A long-time addict for this monthly column. whose entire life is oriented will frequently take a regular dose around his next fix. which would kill someone who is Now, if you introduce cheap and not addicted, and that is just what Q: Heroin has been flooding into higher purity heroin into this kind happens. This becomes more fre­ the U.S. in large quantities and at of situation, what happens? It's not quent when the purity goes up, and high purity levels recently. How that you will take people who have many of our cases are these occa­ have you seen the effects? never tried heroin and immediate­ sional users who come into town A: In the second half of 1979 53 ly make them into hard core ad­ for a special "occasion" and end up percent of the drug-related deaths dicts, but what happens is that the dead. The problem is made worse in Philadelphia were from heroin. users at the different stages will by the fact that these occasional This was more than two times each tend to move up one notch, users frequently do not have a greater than in the first half of 1979 one step of the ladder. A large regular drug contact who they or in the second hal'f of 1978. We batch cf "pure" heroin at a party trust, and are dealing with are definitely seeing: a rapid up­ will be enough for everybody strangers who may sell them any­ ward trend, even worse for the there; even the guy who has never thing and everything. first half of 1980. tried it will take a snort. The occa­ On the other end of the spec­ sional user will find that the lower trum, we see a large number of Q: How about addiction? price is less of a pinch on his regular addicts overdosing. This is A: I expect a 200 percent increase wallet, and instead of once a most probably because they are in the number of habitual users by month he will go to once a week. taking the drugs so frequently that the end of 1980. But .you have to And the guy with the once-a-week they are more likely to get, by understand how the heroin influx habit who is getting psychological­ chance, an improperly mixed high affects the number of users. There ly addicted but is not yet physical­ dose from time to time. And this are different stages of heroin ly addicted, who may not yet be a is also more likely when the aver­ abuse. On one extremti you have criminal because he can afford age purity is increased. someone who smokes marijuana dope once a week on his legitimate regularly, snorts cocaine occasion­ wages, may now be able to afford Q: How about methadone main­ ally at parties, and tries heroin a daily habit, enough to get him tenance centers? once in a while for a "special kick." addicted. After that point, as he A: That number is also increasing He tells himself that he will never uses more dope daily, he will inev­ with the heroin influx as the new be an addict, that he can "control itably be forced to turn to crime. addicts try to get off the drugs. it." Then you have people at the But methadone is a joke. Most next stage, who use heroin once a Q: Does this "going up one notch" methadone "patients" take illegal month to once a week, usually result in many of the cases which drugs on the side, and I'm talking snorting and occasionally shooting end up on the coroner's table? about heroin, cocaine and every­ up, who are not physically addict­ A: It sure does. We see the deaths thing else. Methadone is no answer ed but psychologically need to get especially on the extreme ends of to the problem. The only way to a "kick" on a regular basis. Moving the spectrum. On the one end, the stop drugs is to keep them out of up on the ladder of addiction, we occasional user who is not addicted the country.

64 War on Drugs / November 1980 National Anti-Drug Coalition What is the National state and regional directory Anti-Drug Coalition? National Centers he National Anti-Drug Coalition is the outgrowth of Detroit—P.O. Box 2421, Detroit, Mich., 48231 (313) 964-2066 Tan organizing process that began two years ago, New York-New Jersey—P.O. Box leading to the formation of the Michigan Anti-Drug Coa­ 214, Bloomfield, N.J. 07003. lition in December 1978. Within months, similar organiza­ (201) 743-9124; (212) 625-5997 California tions existed in 15 states. On September 29, 1979, these Los Angeles—711 S. Vermont groups came together to form the National Anti-Drug Ave., Rm 207, Los Angeles, Calif. 90005. (213) 383-2912 Coalition at a convention of 700 persons in Detroit. San Francisco—1826 Noriega Each of the 700 was a leader—in civic organizations and St., San Francisco, Calif. local communitities, in trade unions, businesses, drug 94122. (415) 665-5080 Illinois abuse programs, churches, local and state governments, Chicago—14 E. Jackson Blvd.; and including one candidate for President of the United Chicago, 111. 60604. States. Speakers came from Colombia, Mexico and India. (312) 663-3790 Mid-Atlantic The outcome was an organization with chapters in 27 Baltimore—Medical Arts Bldg cities in the United States, and fraterna organizations in 101 W. Reed St., Ste. 301, Latin America, Canada and Europe. Baltimore, Md. 21201. (301)837-1538 The National Anti-Drug Coalition asserts that the drug Washington—2025 I St., N.W., plague is not the outcome of isolated children or parents' Suite 520, Washington, D.C. 20037. (202) 223-8750 problems: It is an organized evil. We have to fight not only Michigan drugs but those who push them—not just the petty crooks, Detroit—P.O. Box 2421, Detroit, but those "above suspicion," those who have infiltrated the Mich. 48231. (313) 964-2066 leadership of our national parties, who control whole New England Boston—Box 406, 310 Franklin institutions in Washington, New York, Britain, Canada and St., Boston, Mass. 02110. elsewhere. (617) 426-5616 Hartford—P.O. 1142, Hartford, An organized evil must be fought—and to win, we haye Conn. 06143. (203) 247-8152 never hesitated to name names, however prestigious or New York-New Jersey powerful the person or institution implicated. New York City—(212) 625-5997 Bloomfield, N.J.—(201) 743-9124 We have already stemmed the tide of "drug decriminal­ Albany—P.O. Box 6325, Albany, ization" in state legislatures. We have succeeded in having N.Y. 12206. (518) 489-6177 Buffalo—Box 1093 Ellicott some states recriminalize marijuana where decrim bills Station, Buffalo, N.Y. 14205. were passed. We seek tough laws, and tough enforcement. (716) 847-2100 We want mandatory antidrug education programs in Northwest schools; a free hand for parents and administrators to stop Seattle—1520 Eastlake Ave. East. Suite 102, Seattle, Wash. 98102. pushing in the schools—without ACLU or others' interfer­ (206) 323-9233 ence in the guise of protecting pushers' "civil rights"; we Portland, Ore.—(503) 256-5317 will keep the entire public informed of all legislation, and Ohio Cleveland—P.O. Box 729, where local, state and federal candidates stand on this Edgewater Branch, Cleveland, issue—including presidential contenders in this election Ohio 44107. year. Pennsylvania Philadelphia—P.O. Box 3943, Can we win? Yes. The country is angry. Our youth, our Philadelphia, Pa. 19146. (215) skilled manpower, is threatened with destruction by 561-5565 drugs. By naming the names, as each issue of this maga­ Other Cities zine does, we can mobilize 70-75 percent of the American Atlanta—P.O. Box 12173, Atlanta, Ga. 30355. people to crush the drug traffic and restore this nation's (404)266-0744 moral purpose in all fields of policy. Milwaukee—P.O. Box 10195, Milwaukee, Wis. 53210. Join us! (414) 444-1352 Montreal, Quebec—767 Belanger East, Ste. 109. (514) 272-1173