De L'éternité

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De L'éternité L’arête de l’éternité Sandy Allan de l’éternité L’arête Sandy Allan Sandy Photographie de couverture : Cathy O’Dowd Carte illustrée pages 8-9 : © Simon Norris 2015 Titre original : In Some Lost Place Éditeur original : Vertebrate Publishing, Sheffield, England © Sandy Allan, 2015 © Éditions Paulsen, 2017 Collection Guérin – Chamonix – guerin.editionspaulsen.com Les éditions Paulsen sont une société du groupe Paulsen Media. Sandy Allan L’Arête de l’éternité Traduit de l’anglais par Charlie Buffet VoieVoie Buhl Buhl GlaGla (1953)(1953) ciecie r der de CampCamp Dia Dia de debase base VoieVoie Kinshofer Kinshofer mirmir RakhiotRakhiot Peak Peak de deDiamir Diamir (1962)(1962) 7 0707 070m m ÉperonÉperon MummeryMummery VersantVersant DiamirDiamir SoloSolo de deMessner Messner (1978)(1978) NangaNanga Parbat Parbat 8 1268 126m m BrècheBrèche MazenoMazeno G G l l a a c ArêteArête Mazeno Mazeno (2012) (2012) c i i e e r r VersantVersant Rupal Rupal B B a a z z i i n n ColCol Mazeno Mazeno 5 3995 399m m VoieVoie Schell Schell (1976)(1976) VoieVoie House/AndersonHouse/Anderson (2005)(2005) VoieVoie Messner/MessnerMessner/Messner CampCamp (1970)(1970) TarshingTarshing de debase base K2 K2BroadBroad Peak Peak GasherbrumGasherbrum II II NangaNanga Parbat Parbat GasherbrumGasherbrum I I l l TibetTibet e Reu pRaupa GlaGcilearc ider d PakistanPakistan 2km2km DhaulagiriDhaulagiriAnnapurnaAnnapurnaCho Cho Oyu EverestOyu Everest LhotseLhotse NépalNépalManasluManasluShishaShisha KangchenjungaKangchenjunga PangmaPangmaMakaluMakalu IndeInde BhoutanBhoutan N N Voie Buhl Gla (1953) cie r de Camp Dia de base Voie Kinshofer mir Rakhiot Peak de Diamir (1962) 7 070 m Éperon Mummery Versant Diamir Solo de Messner (1978) Nanga Parbat 8 126 m Brèche Mazeno G l a Arête Mazeno (2012) c i e r Versant Rupal B a z i n Col Mazeno 5 399 m Voie Schell (1976) Voie House/Anderson (2005) Voie Messner/Messner Camp (1970) Tarshing de base K2 Broad Peak Gasherbrum II Nanga Parbat Gasherbrum I l Tibet e Rupa Glacier d Pakistan 2km Dhaulagiri Annapurna Cho Oyu Everest Lhotse Népal Manaslu Shisha Kangchenjunga Pangma Makalu Inde Bhoutan N Chapitre I ESPRIT D’ÉQUIPE Le Nanga Parbat est un géant solitaire. Physiquement proche des grands sommets du Karakoram comme le K2 ou le Broad Peak, au nord-est, il forme en réalité le pilier occidental de l’Himalaya, la dernière éminence d’une chaîne qui s’étend vers l’est suivant un arc étroit de quelque 2 500 kilomètres de long, aux confins de la Chine. En urdu, « Nanga Parbat » signifie « montagne nue », un nom évocateur pour ce sommet qui domine fièrement les plaines, bien visible. C’est le neuvième plus haut sommet du monde, le plus occidental des quatorze sommets de plus de 8 000 mètres. Le 8 000 himalayen le plus proche est le Dhaulagiri, à quelque 1 400 kilomètres plus à l’est. Ce sentiment d’isolement est accentué par l’incroyable topographie du Nanga Parbat. À un peu plus de 1 000 mètres d’altitude, l’Indus sacré contourne ses flancs nord et ouest, creusant une gorge profonde de 7 000 mètres. Le versant Rupal du Nanga Parbat, haut d’environ 4 500 mètres, est la plus grande paroi du monde. À l’heure où nous écrivons ces lignes, le Nanga Parbat est, avec le K2, le seul 8 000 à n’avoir pas été gravi en hiver 1. Tandis que le K2 est tapi au fond glacier du 1. Le Nanga Parbat a finalement été gravi en hiver, le 26 février 2016, par l’Italien Simone Moro, l’Espagnol Alex Txikon et le Pakistanais Ali Sadpara. 19 Photo © Sandy Allan Photo © Sandy Allan Photo © Collection Sandy Lhakpa Rangdu Sherpa, Lakpa Zarok Sherpa et Lhakpa Nuru Moi à gauche avec Cathy et Rick à Tarshing. Sherpa à Tarshing. Nuru et Zarok s’amusent près du camp de base. Photo © Lhakpa Rangdu Photo © Cathy O’Dowd À l’approche du site du camp de base, les mulets peinent dans la neige profonde. À l’arrière-plan, le Schlagintweit (5 971 m). Baltoro, accessible seulement après de nombreuses journées de marche, les camps de base du Nanga Parbat ne sont qu’à quelques heures de la route. Ses seules dimensions, ainsi que son exposition aux intempéries, suffisent à dissuader les grimpeurs. Il est donc encore plus surprenant que le Nanga Parbat soit le premier sommet de plus de 8 000 mètres dont l’ascension ait été tentée, et ce dès le XIXe siècle ! Cet incroyable pas dans l’inconnu fut le fait d’Albert Frederick Mummery, l’un des plus grands alpi- nistes de son temps – un visionnaire, autant par les objectifs qu’il réalisait en montagne que par sa manière de les aborder –, par ce qu’il appelait des « moyens justes » (by fair means). Mummery, souvent malade dans son enfance, ne semblait pas être le candidat idéal pour devenir le premier homme à gravir un 8 000. C’est pourtant avec cet objectif en tête qu’il partit au Nanga Parbat en 1895. Sa petite équipe était composée uniquement de deux autres alpinistes, J. Norman Collie et Geoffrey Hastings. Leur style d’ascension était incroyablement léger. Malheureusement, cette tentative devait lui coûter la vie. Aux côtés de deux soldats gurkhas employés comme porteurs, il périt très probablement dans une avalanche. Seule une poignée d’expéditions himalayennes avaient alors eu lieu. Mummery était sans doute naïf et trop enthousiaste, mais sa vision d’une ascension by fair means en Himalaya a inspiré des générations d’himalayistes, dont Reinhold Messner, le premier homme à gravir les quatorze 8 000. * Ceux qui connaissent l’histoire du Nanga Parbat en parlent souvent comme d’un sommet allemand. Ce sont en effet des 20 expéditions allemandes qui tentèrent sans relâche d’en réaliser la première ascension dans les années 1930, au prix de nombreuses vies. De grands alpinistes comme Willy Merkl ou Willo Welzenbach y trouvèrent la mort dans une série de terribles catastrophes. En seulement deux expéditions, en 1934 et 1937, vingt-quatre alpi- nistes et Sherpas y perdirent la vie. Au total, trente et un hommes périrent avant que le Nanga Parbat soit finalement gravi, en 1953, par Hermann Buhl. Parmi ces hommes, dix-sept étaient des Sherpas. Cette tragique série d’accidents valut au Nanga Parbat le surnom de « Montagne tueuse », ce qui donne à réfléchir. Même après la première d’Hermann Buhl, dans un style ultra- léger que Mummery aurait certainement admiré, la plupart des voies ouvertes par la suite sur le Nanga Parbat le furent par des Allemands. Et en grande partie du fait d’un homme, Karl Herrligkoffer. Il était le demi-frère de Willy Merkl, qui avait fait plusieurs tentatives au Nanga Parbat en 1932 et en 1934 et avait péri dans une violente tem- pête avec deux autres alpinistes et six Sherpas. Pour Herrligkoffer, le Nanga Parbat devint une obsession. Il y mena huit expéditions au total, y compris celle de 1953 au cours de laquelle Buhl attei- gnit le sommet, ignorant les ordres de Herrligkoffer. Deux autres ascensions de grande envergure ont été réalisées sous la direction de Herrligkoffer : en 1962, une ligne est ouverte dans le versant Diamir ; elle est devenue l’itinéraire normal, sous le nom de voie Kinshofer. En 1970, la face du Rupal est gravie pour la première fois ; Reinhold Messner atteint le sommet avec son frère Günther qui perd la vie dans la descente du versant Diamir. Les grandes faces du Nanga Parbat ayant été gravies, une seule voie majeure restait à ouvrir, d’une telle ampleur cependant 21 Rick et moi descendons au camp de base après un séjour d’acclimatation. Au camp de base, on échaffaude un plan pour l’ascension. Rangdu et Zarok utilisent le téléphone satellite. Préparation des vivres. Cathy au camp de base. Photos © Cathy O’Dowd Rick s’acclimate sur l’arête qui domine le camp de base. qu’on osait à peine s’y intéresser. Mais c’est justement le propre de chaque nouvelle génération de grimpeurs de s’attaquer à l’im- possible et de chercher une façon de le réaliser. L’arête ouest du Nanga Parbat est connue sous le nom d’arête Mazeno. Elle tire son nom du col situé à son extrémité occidentale – en langue shina, mot majeno signifie « le milieu » ou « entre deux endroits », ce que représente clairement le col Mazeno pour les habitants d’Astore et de Bunar. C’est un itinéraire emprunté depuis des siècles par les bandits de Chilas. L’arête elle-même, longue d’environ dix kilomètres, évoque l’échine d’un dragon. Elle relie huit sommets distincts avant la « brèche Mazeno », sous la pyramide sommitale. Le plus haut de ces sommets intermédiaires est le pic Mazeno, 7 120 mètres d’altitude. Juste avant la brèche Mazeno, une série de pitons rocheux, techniques et délicats, offrent un dernier obstacle. Pour ceux qui connaissent l’île de Skye, l’arête Mazeno est à peine plus courte que la chaîne des Cuillin 2 qu’on peut traverser en courant, mais son altitude moyenne est de 7 000 mètres au lieu de 900 mètres (et à ce jour, personne ne court à 7 000 mètres). L’arête Mazeno, entourée d’abîmes, ressemble à un fil tendu en plein ciel. Les seules échappées possibles se situent à ses deux extrémités : le col Mazeno à l’ouest et la brèche Mazeno à l’est, juste sous le sommet. Une fois sur l’arête, il n’y a rien d’autre à faire que d’avancer ou de revenir sur ses pas. Aucune échappa- toire. L’arête Mazeno n’est pas un endroit où se faire surprendre par une tempête. 2. Pour ceux qui ne connaissent pas l’île de Skye, on peut proposer comme équivalent la montagne de la Sainte-Victoire, qui culmine à 1 011 mètres.
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