Preventing Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Student-Athletes

Most Student-Athletes Alcohol Use Don’t Use/Misuse Most don’t misuse alcohol. See percentages of higher risk drinking within the last 12 months.* % of student-athletes reporting “never used” PERCENTAGES OF ALCOHOL USE EFFECTS ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE BASED ON AMOUNT 99.6% Heroin • Constricts aerobic metabolism and endurance 99.5% Methamphetamine Division I Division II Division III • Requires increased work to maintain 1.0% 1.6% 1.8% weight 99.1% Anabolic steroids Female • Inhibits absorption of nutrients, More than which then: 98.2% Ultracet, Ultram or Tramadol 4 drinks 38.9% 33.1% 41.2% - Reduces endurance 98.0% Amphetamines 10+ drinks - Decreases protein synthesis for muscle fiber repair 97.4% Human growth hormone (HGH) - Decreases immune response 97.3% Injectable Toradol - Increases risk of injury Male 10.7% 11.5% 15.8% • Alcohol use 24 hours before athletic 97.1% LSD More than activity significantly reduces aerobic 5 drinks 39.0% 38.6% 51.8% performance 96.1% Ecstacy/Molly 10+ drinks • Weekly alcohol consumption 94.5% Cocaine doubles the rate of injury 84.5% ADHD stimulants WITHIN THE 18.2% say they did not drink EFFECTS OF A HANGOVER 83.3% Narcotic pain medication within the last year LAST YEAR, • Increases heart rate HAVE YOU 75.3 % Marijuana • Decreases left ventricular performance EXPERIENCED A • Increases blood pressure 49.0% Tylenol or acetaminophen HANGOVER AS • Decreases endurance performance A CONSEQUENCE • Dehydration 44.6% NSAIDs OF DRINKING ALCOHOL? No: Yes: 19.8% Alcohol 29.8% 52%

Marijuana Use Stimulant Use Narcotic Use Most don’t use marijuana. Here is Most student-athletes do not use. Most student-athletes do not use. the percent reporting use within the Here is the percent reporting use Here is the percent reporting use last 12 months.* of the following within the last of the following within the last 12 months.* 12 months.* 25% 24.7% ADHD STIMULANTS NARCOTIC PAIN MEDICATION 24% With a prescription Without a prescription With a prescription Without a prescription

23% 10% 20% 18% 22.6% 8.7% 22% 15% 21.9% 8% 7.5% 13.7% 21% 21.2% 10% 10.5% 6.6% 6.4% 5.8% 20% 6% 5.1% 2005 2009 2013 2017 5% 5.7% 2.9% 4.3% 0% 4% POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA USE 2009 2013 2017 2009 2013 2017

• Slows reaction time POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF STIMULANT USE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF NARCOTIC USE • Distorts sensory perception • Impairs balance and coordination • Anxiety • Lack of awareness of important pain signals • Increases heart rate and appetite • Panic attacks • Sleepiness • Impairs learning and memory • Paranoia • May compromise breathing, heart rate and • Anxiety, panic attacks, psychosis • Delusions blood pressure • Cough and respiratory infections/ • Dehydration and increase in body • Risk of dependency and addiction compromise when smoked or vaped temperature

For prevention strategies, go to ncaa.org/sport-science-institute/substance-abuse-prevention-tool-kit NCAA is a trademark of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. *Source: NCAA 2017 Substance Use Survey and The University of North Carolina at Greensboro Institute to Promote Athlete Health and Wellness