Operation and Maintenance Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam State of Karnataka

Guidelines for Instrumentation of Large Dams September 2016

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_KA06HH0020_KRISHNARAJASAGARA_DAM KAWRD_V2 _December 2019

Prepared by Chief Engineer, Irrigation South, Mysore

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 • Front Cover Photograph: Upstream &Downstream view of Krishnarajasagara Dam & Brindavan Garden during rehabilitation& improvements to 100 years old Krishna Raja Sagara dam works carried out under the Dam Rehabilitation & Improvement Project (DRIP). The Scope of Work entailed multiple contracts for works carried out by conducting detailed investigations, carrying out treatment to upstream face by pointing with UV resistant and anti-shrink materials like cements using crystalline technology(CT) or Poly Ironite Ceramic Cementitious(PICC) or equivalent materials (where required) conforming to BIS/EN-1504-3, ClassR4(2014) standard, extraction of cores, videography of boreholes and water loss testing as directed, dam body grouting(where required) to arrest the seepage & to improve the structural strength of the dam to reduce seepage and leakage within the masonry structure using targeted grouting under Civil Pac-I and Replacement of 136 Gates and 2 no of Cranes by 136 new gates and provision of 136 Skid Mounted Compact Hoists at different locations “to 100 years old Krishnarajasagara Dam under DRIP by conducting detailed study, carrying out designs, drawings, procurement of materials, fabrication/ manufacture, transportation, storage, erection and commissioning , supply & installation of Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition system (SCADA), their operation & maintenance & warranty of gates& hoists at different locations i.e; EL 103.0’ft,EL 114.0’ ft. and EL 106.0’ftto upgrade of gates(Hydro-Mechanical components) under HM-Pac-II.

Chief Engineer CNNL, Irrigation South Zone, Mysore. Ph No: 0821-2443900 Email: [email protected] [email protected]

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Operation and Maintenance Manual

for Krishnarajasagara Dam

Prepared by

CAUVERY NEERAVARI NIGAM LIMITED

(A Government of Karnataka undertaking) State of Karnataka

Chief Engineer, Irrigation South Zone, Mysore.

December 2019

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

MESSAGE

India has more than 5200 large dams. Their health and safety are of paramount importance for sustainable use of the valuable assets, besides providing protection to the people and property in the downstream areas. The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvena- tion through the Central Water Commission (CWC), with financial assistance from the World Bank, started the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) to rehabilitate 198 large dam projects in seven states. For managing a dam in a sustainable and scientific manner, it is very crucial for each dam owner to have dam specific Operation and Maintenance Manual that lays down procedures for the daily upkeep of the dam. An Operation and Maintenance Manual for a dam is essential for ensuring its safe functioning and for deriving continued benefits. This Operation and Maintenance Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam has been prepared following the Guideline for Preparation Operation and Maintenance Manuals published in January 2018 under DRIP and covers requirements for project Operation, Inspection, Maintenance, Instrumentation and Monitoring the health of Krish- narajasagara Dam both during monsoon and non-monsoon periods. I recommend the dam officials to use this manual for the efficient and safe Operation and Mainte- nance of the Krishnarajasagara Dam on regular basis.

I also compliment all the experts who have contributed to the development of this manual and congratulate the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, CWC for the initiation of such important policy protocol to address dam safety management in India.

Shri. Rakesh Singh, IAS Principal Secretary Water Resources Department, Karnataka

iii

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Team Involved in Preparing this O&M Manual

Sri. Shankaregowda Chief Engineer, CNNL, ISZ, Mysore.

Sri. Vijaykumar K.G Superintending Engineer, CNNL, M & MIPCircle, Mandya. Sri. Raju M.B Executive Engineer, CNNL, KRS Division, K.R. Sagara.

Sri.Vasudev.C Assistant Executive Engineer, CNNL, No.1 Maintenance Sub Division, K.R. Sagara.

Sri. KishoreKumar.K Assistant Engineer, CNNL, No.1 Maintenance Sub Division, K.R. Sagara.

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS MESSAGE ...... III FORWARD ...... V LIST OF FIGURES ...... IX CHAPTER 1. - GENERAL INFORMATION ...... 1 1.1 Introduction...... 1 1.2 Purpose, Location &Description of Krishnarajasagara Dam ...... 1 1.3.1 Dam site Location: ...... 3 1.3.2 Krishnarajasagara Reservoir Planning: ...... 3 1.3.3 Main Design Features and Components of Krishnarajasagara Dam: .. 9 1.4 Salient Features of Krishnarajasagara Dam ...... 11 1.5 Assignment of Responsibility ...... 13 1.5.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the AEE and AE during Monsoon ...... 14 1.5.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the SE and EE during Monsoon ...... 15 1.5.3 Roles and Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer during Monsoon .... 16 1.6 Collection & Reporting of Dam and Reservoir Data ...... 17 1.7 Public and Project Staff - Health and Safety ...... 19 1.7.1 Restricted Areas ...... 19 1.7.2 Details of the Security arrangements at Krishnarajasagara Dam Site.19 1.8 Staff Position, Communication & Warning System ...... 22 1.8.1 Schedule of General Duties for Project Engineers ...... 25 1.8.2 Hydro-Mechanical Inspections / Checks ...... 28 1.9 Distribution of Operation & Maintenance Manuals ...... 31 1.10 Supporting Documents & Reference Material ...... 31 CHAPTER 2.PROJECT OPERATION ...... 33 2.1 Basic Data...... 33 2.1.2 Design Flood and Features Related to Safety ...... 38 Introduction: ...... 38 2.2 Flood Management at Krishnarajasagara Reservoirs ...... 39 2.2.1 Gate Operations (Discharge Ratings of Sluices): ...... 41 RULE CURVE ...... 73 2.2.2 Sequence of Opening or Closing of Gates...... 73 2.2.3 Inflow Forecasting ...... 75

vii

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Flood forecasting and warning systems...... 75 2.2.4 Methodology of Flood Regulation at Krishnarajasagara ...... 76 2.3 Operation of Vertical Surplus Sluice Gates of Krishnarajasagara Dam ...... 78 2.3.1 Brief Description...... 81 2.3.2 Vertical Sluice Gates – Technical Data ...... 81 .4 RIVER OUTLET WORKS...... 94 .4.1 Description: ...... 94 2.4.1.1 RIVER SLUICE GATES: ...... 94 2.4.1.2 HEAD REGULATOR: ...... 94 2.4.2 Condition: ...... 94 2.4.2.1 General: ...... 94 2.4.2.2 Deficiencies and problems...... 94 2.4.2.3 Potential problems...... 94 2.4.3 Historical Events...... 95 2.4.4 Operation: ...... 96 2.4.4.1 General...... 96 2.4.4.2 Restrictions: ...... 96 2.5 POWER OUTLETS ...... 97 2.5.1 Description ...... 97 2.5.2 ACCESS ROADS ...... 105 2.5.2 Record Keeping ...... 105 CHAPTER 3 - PROJECT INSPECTIONS ...... 106 3.1 Types of Inspections ...... 106 3.1.1 Comprehensive Evaluation Inspections ...... 106 3.1.2 Scheduled Inspections ...... 107 3.1.3 Special (Unscheduled) Inspections ...... 108 3.1.4 Informal Inspections ...... 108 3.2 Pre- and Post-Monsoon Checklistand Example of ReportProformas ...... 109 CHAPTER 4 - PROJECT MAINTENANCE ...... 120 4.1 Maintenance Priorities ...... 120 4.1.1 Immediate Maintenance ...... 120 4.1.2 Preventive Maintenance ...... 121

viii

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

4.1.2.1 Condition Based Maintenance ...... 121 4.2.3 River Sluices...... 126 4.2.4 Gates & Hoisting Equipment ...... 126

CHAPTER 5 - INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING ...... 145 5.1 Dam Instrumentation· ...... 145 5.1.1 General Information ...... 145 5.1.3 Seismological Observations ...... 145

CHAPTER 6 - PREVIOUS REHABILITATION EFFORTS ...... 147 CHAPTER 7 - UPDATING THE MANUAL ...... 149 APPENDIX 1 – BASIC DRAWINGS OF KRISHNARAJASAGARA DAM...... 151 APPENDIX2― KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP ...... 169 APPENDIX 3 ― MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE DURING MONSOON ...... 177 APPENDIX 5 ― SCHEDULED OR UNSCHEDULED DAM SAFETY INSPECTION FORM ...... 179 APPENDIX 6 – CCTV CAMERA SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS ...... 203 APPENDIX 8 - GLOSSARY ...... 217

List of Tables Table 2 – Overall Responsibilities for Krishnaraja sagara Dam 13 Table 3 – Roles & Responsibilities of AEE & AE 14 Table 4 – Roles & Responsibilities of SE & EE 15 Table 5 – Roles & Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer 16 Table 6–Example Proforma for recording Flow Data 18 Table 7 - Distribution of O&M Manual and Revisions 31

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 – Cauvery Basin Map ...... 5 Figure 2 - Overhead Image of Krishnaraja sagara Dam ...... 7 Figure 3 Layout of KrishnarajasagaraDam Premises ...... 20 Figure 4 - Organization Chart ...... 24

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Acronyms used in this publication are as follows: BIS Bureau of Indian Standards CDSO Central Dam Safety Organisation CWC Central Water Commission SDSO State Dam Safety Organisation O&M Operation and Maintenance DRIP Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project DSRP Dam Safety Review Panel EAP Emergency Action Plan Global Positioning System (uses GPRS for data transmis- GPS sion like browsing the web) FRL Full Reservoir Level MWL Maximum Water Level MDDL Minimum Draw Down Level DSL Dead Storage Level SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition EDA Energy Dissipation Arrangement HM works Hydro-Mechanical works DG set Diesel Generator set RMU Remote Monitoring Unit PC Personal Computer TMC Thousand-MillionM3

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE BLANK LEFT INTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

CHAPTER 1. - GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction This document represents a detailed Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam, Karnataka, providing written descriptions of procedures for ensuring that the dam operates safely and iskept in a good condition by periodic inspections, repairs, maintenance in a sustainable manner. Timely maintenance is important for the continued safe functioning and productive use of the dam and reservoir. The Manual has been prepared primarily for the dam operation’s staff and their supervisors who are assigned the responsibility for the physical operations and maintenance of the dam. It contains, as a minimum, all information and instructions necessary for them to perform their al- lotted tasks in a safe manner. In addition to instructions for dam operations staff, the Manual includes all necessary instructions for other staff directly or indirectly involved in operating and maintaining the dam. It is essential that the Manual or a copy of the Manual along with supporting data including the atlas of all drawings and manufacturer’s technical documents is available at site for ready reference.

1.2 Purpose, Location &Description of Krishnarajasagara Dam

The Cauvery, one of the principal rivers in southern India which rises in the hills of Brahmagiri in Western Ghats and traverses in the state of Karnataka for about 320 kms. (199 miles) and then entering Tamilnadu, runs in an easterly direction for a distance of 452.79 kms. (300 Miles) before it joints the Bay of Bengal. The total drainage area of the river is 75105.55 square kms. (29000 square miles) of which 33670 square kms. (13000 square miles) lie in Karnataka State. The Krishnarajasagara reservoir is formed by the construction of a dam across this river in Karnataka State 14.48 kms (9 miles) on the upstream side of the historic town of Srirangapatna and 19.3 kms (12 miles) from Mysore City. The dam is situated below the confluence of the river Cauvery with its two tributaries, the Hemavathy and the Lakshmanathirtha. The lake at maximum water level has a water spread of about 129.5 sq. kms (50 sq miles) extending upto 40.23 kms (25 miles) above the site of the dam. The reservoir is named after the late Sri Krishna raja Wadiyar Bahadur, G.C.S.I., G.B.E., in whose illustrious reign its construction was undertaken with a two-fold object: - (i) To ensure a study supply of water for generating Hydro-Electric Power at Sivanasamudram, to meet the demands in the state. (ii) To supply water for irrigation of about 50585 Hectares (125000 acres) of land situated in the arid tracts of Mandya District. In the words of Dr. Sri Visvesvaraya, who developed the project, the scheme was to ‘open out a vista of possibilities of ever-increasing value in the state by adding to the productive power

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 of the people with the increase in agricultural produce and development of industries and manufacture. 1.3 Background Details of the Project The construction of K.R.S dam was commenced in the year 1911 and completed in the year 1931. It is located across “Cauvery River” near Kannambadi village in Srirangapatna taluk of Mandya District. The dam comes under Cauvery basin. The dam is located at longitude 760 34’ 30” E and latitude 120 25’ 30” N. The dam site is accessible by an approach road of length 14.48 km from Srirangapatna town which is situated on the state highway connecting Bangalore and Mysore. The dam site is also accessible from Mysore city by an approach road of length 19.80 km. The catchment area of the river above the dam is 10619 square kms. (4,100 square miles) when lies in the regions of Karnataka having a rainfall of 635 cms (250 inches) per year in the western ghat portion comprising 4871.79 square kms (1881 square miles) and 71.12 cms. (28 inches) to 101.6 cms (40 inches) per year in the maidan portion comprising 5747.21 sq. kms. (2219 sqaure miles). The flow of the river at the site of the dam fluctuates from a normal high flood of 2831.66 cumecs (1,00,000 cusecs) during the monsoon season, to a low flow of even less than 2.83 cumecs (100 cusecs) during the summer. The highest flood in the river which occurred in the year 1924 was 8210.65 cumecs (2,90,000 cusecs). The dam is 2621 metres (860 feet) long 39.62 metres (130 feet) high above the riverbed and is intended to store37.79 meters (124 feet) depth of water at full reservoir level. The height above the deepest foundation is 42.672 metres (140 feet) and the bottom width of the dam section at this depth is 33.88 metres (111 feet). The storage capacity of the reservoir is 1244.06 million MCM (43934 million c.ft.) above the sill of the irrigation supply sluices which is 18.29 meters (60 ft.) above bed level and the total capacity is 1368 68 million MCM (48,335 M.C.Ft). A motorable roadway 4.42 metres (14.5 ft.) wide is formed on the top of the dam with ornamental parapets on both lit with electric lights. Construction of Dam : The masonry of the dam is of random rubble stone set in surki mortar, the facing being built of roughly hewed stones and laid in horizontal position to the required profile. The stone used for the construction is of a hard granite gneiss variety obtained from quarries situated within a radius of 8.05 kms to 11.27 kms (5 to 7 miles). The mortar used for the masonry was specially prepared at the site with hydraulic limes and clay available in the locality. It is called surki mortar and is manufactured by burning the natural hydraulic lime at the site and mixing this quick-lime with burnt broken bricks in the ratio of 1:4 and grinding the mixture to a paste in the power mills. This special kind of mortar was first evolved by Mysore State Engineers during 1889 and is used in the construction of the VaniVilasSagar Dam across the river Vedavathi situated in the North- Eastern district of the State. This mortar was subsequently perfected on this dam construction as cement manufacture in India was still in its infancy in those days and the material had to be im- ported at the high cost from foreign countries like Germany and England. Since then, this kind of mortar is being exclusively used in the construction of other dams also with advantage, even though state-manufactured cement is available now. This is on account of its inherent superior qualities over cement mortar, of its low rise in temperature during setting. This special quality of the mortar has rendered the provision of contractions joints unnecessary for structures built with it. 2

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

The whole work being of a magnitude requiring special attention for each detail, was carried out under piece-work agency and daily labour under departmental supervision. No contractors were employed at any stage. This system of work called for great organizing abilities and intensive supervision on the part of the engineering staff who rose equal to the task. Most of these engineers were recruited from Mysore only and some of them had experience of similar construction at the Vani Vilas Sagar Dam. The quantity of masonry in the dam is roughly 850000 cubic metres (30 million c.ft.) and the cost of masonry has worked out to Rs. 31 per 2.83 cubic metre (100 c.ft.). The quantity of excavation involved for the foundation was 2,50,000 cubic metres (8.73 million c.f.t.) at Rs. 55 per 28.3 cubic metres (1000 c.ft.). The numbers of labourers employed during the construction period was as many as 10,000 during the period of maximum stress.

1.3.1 Dam site Location: Krishnarajasagara Dam is situated at Latitude 12º 24’58” North and Longitude 76º34’26” East, in the village areas of Krishnarajasagara village, sriranagapatna taluk and Mandya district. See location and vicinity map in Figure 1 below.

1.3.2 Krishnarajasagara Reservoir Planning: (i) Catchment: The dam has a total catchment area of 10880.63 sq km consisting of 3229.58 sq km intercepted by reservoirs on major rivers of Harangi (419.58 sq km) and Hemavathy (2810 sq km) reservoirs and 7651.05 sq km independent. (ii) Yields: The maximum and minimum annual virgin yields at Krishnarajasagara Dam site from derived run off data for the years 1901 to 1980 area 34870.5MCM (1232.17 TMC) and 13183MCM (465.83 TMC) respectively. The 75% dependable yield at this site is worked out to be 21057MCM (743.64 TMC). Average annual yield is 24071.17MCM (850.59 TMC). (iii) Storage: The reservoir formed by the dam has a gross storage capacity of 1400 MCM(49.452 TMC) and live storage capacity of 1276 MCM(45.051 TMC) (iv) Water Spread: The reservoir water spread submerges an area of 49.90 sq. miles displacing a population of about 25 villages.

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE IS LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Figure 1 – Cauvery Basin Map

Krishnarajasgara Dam

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE IS LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Figure 2 - Overhead Image of Krishnarajasagara Dam

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE IS LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.3.3 Main Design Features and Components of Krishnarajasagara Dam: The dam as built is a Gravity dam constructed in stone masonry with surki mortar of length 2621 m (8600 ft) and has a maximum height of 44.66 m (146 ft) (TBL 754.32 m above MSL – Deepest foundation level 709.66 m above MSL) reckoned between top of the dam and the foundation in the lowest river bed portion and the bottom width of the dam at this level is 33.88 m (111 ft). The height of the dam reckoned from the lowest river bed level is 39.87 m (130 ft) (TBL 754.32 m – Lowest river bed level RL 714.45 m). The construction of the dam was completed in the year 1931 and is operating since then. The surplus works consist of a series of sluices provided at different levels details of which are as follows. Sluices in the Dam: There are in all 173 sluices in the dam, of different sizes at various levels provided for (1) flood disposal and scouring (2) irrigation and (3) power generation. 1. The flood disposal and scouring sluices comprise: (a) 40 vents of 2.44 metre (8 feet) by 3.66 metre (12 feet) with sill at 32.31metre (106 ft.) above average river bed , situated immediately after the entrance gate at the south end. These are provided with lift gates, worked electrically by a moving crane. Out of 40 numbers of gates 9 gates are not in working condition. Hence it is taken under world Bank aided DRIP programme for replacement of all 40 gates at 106’ level & will be operated through SCADA system. (b) 48 vents measuring 3 meter (10 feet) by 2.44 meter (8 feet) with their sill at 31.39 meters (103 ft.) above average river bed , located in continuation of the above sluices and worked electrically by another moving crane. These are also provided with lift gates. Out of 48 numbers of gates 23 gates are not in working condition. Hence it is taken under world Bank aided DRIP programme for replacement of all 48 gates at 103’ level & will be operated through SCADA system. (c) On the top of these lift gates, there are 48 vents of 3 metre (10 feet) by 3 meter with their sill is at 34.75 meter (114 feet) above average river bed and provided with automatic gates which are placed in six batteries of eight gates each. These gates open automatically when water level rises above 37.8 metre (124 feet) and close automatically when it falls below that level. This device was patented by Dr. Sir M.Visvesvaraya. The above lift and automatic gates numbering 136, are all of cast iron and were manufactured at the Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd., Bhadrava- thi. According to old records the automatic gates did not operate automatically, and the gates were operated by the help of cranes. But it is very difficult to lower the gates which is in 50 inclined position, since these gates are not provided with the rubber seal , enormous leakages were observed and also at FRL these gates are dislocated from groove due to heavy tides of water. It is very hard task to bring back the gates to their original position. So, all 48 numbers of gates at this level are plugged & currently they are not in working condition. Hence it is taken under

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

world Bank aided DRIP programme for replacement of all 48 gates an 114’ level & will be operated through SCADA system. (d) In continuation below the automatic gates there are other 16 sluices of 3 meter (10 feet) by 6 meter (20 feet) with their sills at 24.38 meter (80 feet) above average river bed level , each gate is operated electrically by an independent crab winch. The gates and their parts of the sluices of +24.38 meters (+80) level waste weir sluices and the sluices numbering 16 of Stone’s Patent Free roller type made of steel and supplied by Ransomes and Rapiers, England are recently replaced in 2011 and in good working condition. (e) At the center of the dam i.e., at the original river course, are situated eight deep level scouring sluices of 1.83 meter (6 feet) by 3.66 meter (12 feet) with their sills at 3.66 meter (12 feet) above average river bed level. The gates are operated mechanically by independent crab winches. These gates are plugged (2007) and not in working condition.

(f) On the North Bank of the river are located three more scouring sluices of 1.83 meter (6 feet) by 4.57 meter (15 feet) with their sills 15.24 meter (50 feet) above bed also with gates operated mechanically by independent crab winches. These gates are recently replaced in 2013 and in good working condition.

The maximum discharge which can be passed through all the above sluices(when all sluices are at working condition ) is 9910.8 cumecs (3,50,000 cusecs). The surplus water are led off through suitable waste weir channels with necessary protective works. The irrigation sluices comprise : (a) Three vents of 1.83 meters (6 feet) by 3.66 meter (12 feet) with their sill at 18.29 meters (60 feet) above average river bed situated on the North Bank of the river to feed the North Bank High Level Canal known as the Visvesvaraya Canal which is designed to irrigate 77,193 hectares (1,90,753 acres) and also a Left Bank Low Level Channel commanding about 579 hectares (1430 acres). Now these gates are recently replaced in 2013 and working in good condition. (b) One vent of 1.83 meters (6 feet) by 2.44 meter (8 feet) at 18.29 meter (60 feet) above bed located at the South end of the Dam. The Right Bank Low Level Chan- nel takes off from this vent emerging through a tunnel immediately below the entrance gate of the Dam. This channel is designed to irrigate an extent of 1533 hectares (3789 acres). All these irrigation sluices gates (VC , LBLL and RBLL) are operated independent by mechanically operated crab winches.

One vent of 2 gates of each 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) by 3.5 meter (11.5 feet) at 18.29 (c ) meter (60 feet) above bed located at the South end of the Dam known as DD Urs Canal (Varuna Canal ) is the Right Bank High level Canal of Krishnarajasagara Dam taking off at +60 feet level through a tunnel of 135 m length. It runs for a length of 126.46 Km and carrying capacity of 980 cusecs with an atchkat of

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

31728Ha(78400 acres) in srirangapattana taluk of Mandya District, T.Narasipura, Nanjanagud & H.D. Kote taluks of MysoreDistrict. The total proposed water uti- lization of this project is 10.50 TMC.

(c) The turbine sluices consist of four penstock pipes of 1.83 meter (6 feet) diameter with their centres fixed at 16.15 meter (53 feet) above average river bed. The gates and their parts for these have been obtained from Switzerland and not operated since inception.

Land Compensation Scheme: The construction of the reservoir submerged 3852.55 hectares (9,520 acres) of irrigated wet lands and 5634.36 hectares (13923 acres) of dry lands under holding in addition to nearly 3439.78 hectares (8500 acres) of Government waste land. It also involved the necessity of rehabilitation of 15000 people from 25 villages which got submerged in the lake. In order to give quick relief in this direction, a scheme was devised to settle the expropriated people in newly formed villages and giving them lands in exchange for the lands submerged. In the submerged villages each house was assessed and valued and the owner paid half the value in each and was permitted to take all the materials that could be had from the submerged houses. In addition, timber was also sold at half the prevailing rates. The losses on this account being shared equally by the Res- ervoir works and the Forest Department. For building the villages, suitable sites for new ones were formed and given free. In addition, the government at their cost formed roads, drains, excavated wells, paid cost of acquisition of lands for sites and constructed school, chavadi and also temples, mosques and churches. Fresh channels were opened out for providing lands for cultiva- tion both above and from the reservoir and all waste lands commanded by these channels were awarded to the expropriated riots in compensation. In addition, whenever each private holding under these channels exceeded three acres in extent, one third of the extent was taken from the owner for awards purpose. By these methods it was possible to render the necessary relief with as minimum hardship as possible to the population involved.

1.4 Salient Features of Krishnarajasagara Dam 1. Name of the River Cauvery 2. Location of Dam Near Kannambadi village in Srirngapatnataluk, Mandya district. 3. Longitude 760’34’ 30” E 4. Latitude 12025’30”N 5. Purpose Multipurpose 6. Catchment Area 10880.63sq.km 7. Mean Annual Rainfall 160.96 cm (63.37”) 8. Gross storage capacity 1400 MCM (49.452 TMC)

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

9. Dead storage capacity 124.62 MCM (4.401 TMC) 10. Live storage capacity 1275.38 MCM(45.051 TMC) 11. Maximum water spread area 129.24 sq.km (49.90 sq. miles) 12. Lowest River bed level RL 714.45 m 13. FRL RL 752.48 m 14. Top of Dam RL 754.32 m

15. Type of Dam Gravity dam constructed in stone masonry with surki mortar 16. Length of Dam 2620 m 17. Top width 4.12m 18. Lowest foundation level RL 709.66 m 19. Maximum height of the dam 44.66 m from deepest foundation (MSL 754.32 m – MSL 709.66 m) level 20. Maximum height of the dam 39.87m above lowest river bed level (MSL 754.32 m – MSL 714.45 m)

21. Bottom width of dam at 33.88 m deepest foundation level

22. Surplus sluices +80’ level – 16 gates +103’ level – 48 gates +106’ level – 40 gates +114’ level – 48 gates 23. Designed discharge of spill- 9911 cumecs (350000 cusecs)(Revised designed way discharge 17010 cumecs)AS APPROVED BY CWC) +12’ level – 8 gates 24. Scouring Sluices (Plugged since 2007) Turbine sluices +53’ level – 4 gates 25. (since inception it is not operated)

26. Irrigation sluices +60’ level – 6 gates 27. Command area 3.3 lac acres

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

28. Power generation At the dam site 20MW were Generating & addl. Proposed 20+4 MW

1.5 Assignment of Responsibility The Cauvery Neeravari Nigama is the owner and has the final authority and responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the dam. Identification of all areas of responsibilities connected with the operation and maintenance of the dam are covered in this section. The officer’s responsibilities for the various functions are identified by their designation and, in particular, the responsibilities of operating personnel are specifically identified in below and includes regularly scheduled duties which staff personnel are required to perform as outlined in the following tables: Table 1 – Overall Responsibilities for Krishnarajasagara Dam Sl No Particulars Remarks • CAUVERY NEERAVARINIGAMA(A Govt of 1. • Implementing Agency Karnataka Undertaking) • Water Resources Department, Karnataka • Project Administration 2. • Managing Director, CNNL, Bangalore Officer in charge • Operations of Equipment at 3. • Chief Engineer, CNNL, Irrigation south Mysuru the Dam • Reservoir inflow and Flood• Executive Engineer, CNNL, KRS Division, 4. forecasting Krishnarajasagara • Authorizing spillway flood re- 5. • Chief Engineer, CNNL, Irrigation south, Mysuru. leases • Chief Engineer CNNL, Irrigation south Mysuru as per • Authorizing releases for vari- the proceedings of the Irrigation Consultative Com- 6. ous purposes like irrigation, mittee meeting (ICC) and in consultation with Manag- water supply hydropower, etc ing Director. • Executive Engineer, CNNL, KRS Division, 7. • Recording reservoir Data Krishnarajasagara • Executive Engineer, CNNL, KRS Division, 8. • Routine inspection Krishnarajasagara • Executive Engineer , CNNL, KRS Division, 9. • Maintenance Krishnarajasagara • Executive Engineer , CNNL, KRS Division, 10. • Instrumentation Krishnarajasagara

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.5.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the AEE and AE during Monsoon Table 2 – Roles & Responsibilities of AEE& AE Flood condition assessment, warning, flood mitigation, and other responsi- Step bilities Coordinate with the Project Engineers of the State of Karnataka & to get the 1. information in email on the rainfall in the catchment and inflow status at the state boundary) and to bring it to the notice of the EE/SE/CE Assist the EE/SE/CE to issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspa- 2. pers, Radio, TV News channel to be alert regarding the flood situation Assist the EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District Admin- 3. istration) to alert the downstream villagers to evacuate the flood zone to prevent loss of life and live stock Assist the EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on 4. the flood condition Maintain the reservoir water level gauge register and to update on hourly basis dur- 5. ing floods and to bring to the notice of EE/SE/CE Assess the inflows in the reservoir as per the approved reservoir operation and to 6. prepare proforma consisting of the status of the reservoir capacity and releases from the reservoir as per the standard Performa and to submit to the EE/SE/CE Submit to the EE/SE/CE on the inflows and releases from the reservoir and status 7. of the reservoir twice in the day 8. Maintain the Sluice gates operation log book. Operate the Sluice gates for flood mitigation as per the instructions of the 9. EE/SE/CE and to update the Gate operation Log book Monitor the condition of the Welding transformers, gas cutting sets, umbrellas, tool 10. kits torches chain blocks ropes bellies etc on daily basis and to see that things are in place to handle any emergency situation Observe the Gates, hoists and handling equipment during operation for the smooth 11. movements and to immediately report any untoward excessive sounds in the motors, pumps or vibrations in the gate Observe the dam top, Masonry structure jungle clearance, catwalk, approach roads 12. are well maintained by housekeeping personnel Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and Hoists during flood water releases and to report to the EE/SE/CE in case of any 13. untoward incidents or malfunctioning of the gates of excessive seepages, leakages etc Assist EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the downstream Project Engineers and get- 14. ting the flow data Assist EE/SE/CE to share the flow data and the reservoir storage details to the 15. Media on day to day basis

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Assist EE/SE/CE to coordinate with the Project Engineers of the State of 16. Tamilnadu , CWC and sharing the details of the flood condition in the river and the reservoir releases

1.5.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the SE and EE during Monsoon Table 3 – Roles & Responsibilities of SE & EE

Flood condition assessment, warning, flood mitigation and other responsi- Step bilities Coordinate with the Project Engineers of the State of Karnataka & to get the infor- 1. mation in email on the rainfall in the catchment and inflow status at the state boundary and to bring it to the notice of the CE To issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspapers, Radio, TV News 2. channel to be alert regarding the flood situation Assist the CE to coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District Administration) 3. to alert the downstream villagers to evacuate the flood zone to prevent loss of life and live stock Assist the CE to coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on the flood 4. condition Submit to the CE on the inflows and releases from the reservoir and status of the 5. reservoir twice in the day Operate the Sluice gates for flood mitigation as per the instructions of the CE and 6. to update the Gate operation Log book Observe the Gates, hoists and handling equipment during operation for the smooth 7. movements and to immediately report any untoward excessive sounds in the motors, pumps or vibrations in the gate Observe the dam top, Masonry structure jungle clearance, catwalk, approach roads 8. are well maintained by housekeeping personnel Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and 9. Hoists during flood water releases and to report to the CE in case of any untoward incidents or malfunctioning of the gates of excessive seepages, leakages etc Assist CE to share the flow data and the reservoir storage details to the Media on 10. day to day basis Assist CE to coordinate with the Project Engineers of the State of Andhra 11. Tamilnadu, CWC and sharing the details of the flood condition in the river and the reservoir releases

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.5.3 Roles and Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer during Monsoon Table 4 – Roles & Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer

Step Flood condition assessment, warning and flood mitigation To issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspapers, Radio, TV News channel to be alert regarding the flood situation based on the input by Project En- 1. gineers of the upstream catchment area, to the information on the rainfall in the catchment and inflow status and also to Coordinate with the Revenue authorities (District Administration) 2. Coordinate with the CWC flood monitoring authorities on the flood condition Issue necessary instructions to the engineers to Operate the reservoir based on the 3. inflows, rainfall data , releases from the upstream reservoirs and status of the reservoir Observe the performance of the Dam and its appurtenant structures / Gates and 4. Hoists during flood water releases and to issue necessary instructions to the AEE/EE/SE 5. Coordinate with the downstream Dam Project Engineers 6. Conduct Pre and Post Monsoon inspections of the Dam periodically.

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.6 Collection & Reporting of Dam and Reservoir Data A Performa (Table 6) is provided to ensure that dates and times for the collection and reporting of vital information is recorded and documented for the record. • Reservoir water surface elevation. • Reservoir inflow. • Surplus sluices outflow. • River releases. • Irrigation, water supply and hydropower releases. • Weather related data • Instrumentation data • Water quality Instructions and a standard proforma for collection and reporting of inflow and outflow data, and other pertinent data, is shown in Figure 5 below. Records [Logbooks] of the following operations at Krishnarajasagara Dam are to be maintained in a chronological manner for reference. These records are helpful for identifying preventative maintenance measures that may need to be taken up, troubleshooting the cause of potential equipment failure and documenting development of any unusual conditions. • Date and Time • Attendance statement during normal operations – both during monsoon and non-monsoon periods. • Operations of the Sluice gates and outlet works. • Operating hours of mechanical equipment. • Testing / Operation of Sluice gates, stop-logs and associated controls. • Testing/operation of Outlet gates, valves and associated controls, • Maintenance activities carried out. • Reservoir and dam inspections. • Unusual conditions or occurrences, including acts of vandalism. • Attendance statement at the dam during emergency operations. • Changes to normal operating procedures. • Communication network checks. • Safety and special instructions. • Names of officers and staff carrying out inspections and maintenance. • Any other item pertaining to the operation and maintenance of the dam.

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Table 5–Example Proforma for recording Flow Data

For the Month of ______

Out Flow in Cusecs Water

level 1 Atria Reservoir Capac- Date Time Inflow in Cusecs Sluice Varna RBLL VC Canal Anicut in power Total O/F ity in TMC Gates Canal Canal (LBLL) Canal Mtr. plant

Footnote 1:To be indirectly calculated as per examples 1 and 2 in Chapter 2, Paragraph 2.2.9.2

Legend • Power Plant : Atria • RBLLC: Right Bank Low Level Canal • LBLLC: Left Bank Low Level Canal

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.7 Public and Project Staff - Health and Safety As safety of Project Staff is of prime concern, safety instructions & protection measures at the dam are carried out by all staff / project personnel. Electronic kiosks located on the left and right abutment provide public notices of events and status of security of the dam and downstream river conditions.

1.7.1 Restricted Areas Certain areas of the dam and reservoir are restricted for entry of the general public. The purpose of restrictions is for security of the dam, public safety and uninterrupted safe operation of the dam. Restricted areas will include the following: • Gallery • Top of the Dam, Surplus sluice portion from Chainage 0 to 600 of KRS DAM. • Solid apron approach areas, Generator room etc. • Control Room buildings and valve areas. • Intake or outlet channels adjacent to hydraulic structures. • Upstream and downstream faces of dam.

1.7.2 Details of the Security arrangements at Krishnarajasagara Dam Site. The security arrangements of Krishnarajasagara Dam are entrusted to the Karnataka State Indus- trial Security Force(KSISF) since June 2016, (A unit of Karnataka State Police.) with a total strength of 96 Security personnel. 1. Security Officer

One Security Officer of the rank of police inspector is in charge of the overall security arrangements. 2. Duty Officer

One duty officer is deployed per shift of 8 Hours. There are 3 duty officers of the rank of Police sub inspector working in 3 shifts of 8hours 3. Security personnel

Security personnel Police constables (Both armed and unarmed), Head constable and As- sistant sub Inspectors are deployed 24/7 at the critical location viz., dam main entrances, control room, check posts head works etc.

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Figure 3 Layout of Krishnarajasagara Dam Premises

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE IS LEFT BLANKINTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.8 Staff Position, Communication & Warning System The number & description of operating unit personnel posted/placed at different locations of the dam are noted in supporting documents and referenced in this Manual. Staff positions vary according to requirement during monsoon / non-monsoon periods. An engineering organizational chart is shown in Figure 4below. The means of communications both in normal and emergency situations are identified in the Communication Directory specified in EAP section below. Available communication means including landline, mobile phones, wireless sets, & radio (Gm 338 VHF trans receivers and re- peater stations (35 Nos. available) at different locations on the dam. Security staff are provided with door frame and hand-held metal detectors and binoculars to maintain security of the dam. Flood Warning System in Catchment Area. Flood forecasting and warning systems are highly advanced in the recent years. The flood forecasting is being done by observing the rise in the water level of the river with respect to a gauge post established at the Chunchanakatte for cauvery, At Akkihebbal for Hemavathy and Hunda- vadi for Lakshmana Teeraha River on the U/S side of the reservoir. By observing the reservoir level hourly, the flood is calculated and accordingly the gates are operated to evacuate the flood and to maintain the safe water level in the reservoir. A gate operation schedule is prepared. In the schedule, sequence of opening and closing the gates and methodology of regulations of flood is given which is strictly followed. Flood warning system in Krishnarasagara Dam A siren is used for flood warning system in Krishnarajasagara Dam. A siren system is commissioned as soon as monsoon commences. Siren alert will be given to the people residing in the downstream area of the Dam, 72 Hours before releasing of flood water from the reservoir. Also flood warning messages are broadcasted and telecasted through T.V.s Radios and wireless and mobile phones are also used to communicate the message to inform the people residing by the side of the river and also evacuation of these people is done, if necessary. Responsible officers are kept in alert round the clock to manage the flood situation. All the members of the committee are provided with wireless and mobile phones for easy access and communication.

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Figure 4. Engineering organizational chart Figure 4 - Organization Chart

ShankareGowda,Chief Engineer(I/C) CNNL, Irrigation (South) Zone Mysuru. Land Line: 0821 - 520352 Mobile No : 9632393263 Email:[email protected]

Vijay Kumar K G ,Superintending Engineer CNNL, K.R.S. Modernisation and Medium Irrigation Project Cicrle, Mandya Land Line: 08223-24572 Mobile No : 9902702939 Email: [email protected]

Raju MB ,Executive Engineer (I/C) CNNL, KRS Dam Division, Krishnarajasa- gara Land Line: 08236-257227, FAX: 08236-257976 Mobile No :9448772325 Email:[email protected]

Vasudev .C, Assistant Executive Engineer CNNL, NO.1(M) Sub-Division, KRS Mobile No : 9448871009 Email: [email protected]

ThammeGowda, Assistant Executive En- gineer CNNL, NO.2(G) Sub-Division, KRS Mobile No : 9448740401 Email: [email protected]

Kishore Kumar K, Assistant Engineer CNNL, No.1(M) Sub-Division, KRS Land Line : 08172-225427 Mobile No : 9945700936

Email : [email protected]

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.8.1 Schedule of General Duties for Project Engineers Schedules of duties being performed by the staff assigned to various locations and components of Krishnarajasagara Dam are provided in this section. All activities are to be recorded daily in the Logbook and site registers. DAILY ✓ Visual inspection of dam ➢ Crest of dam (Dam top) ➢ Upstream and downstream faces ➢ Visible portions of foundation and abutments contacts ✓ Record water surface elevation. (during monsoon on hourly basis) ✓ Record reservoir inflow and Surplus sluices discharge. (during monsoon on hourly basis) ✓ Record releases from outlets /sluices. ✓ Record meteorological data. ✓ Check security and safety devices. ✓ Complete logbook / site registers which should include the above information WEEKLY Electrical System ✓ Standby generator (DG Sets) ✓ Run for 15-30 min to achieve recommended operating temperature ✓ Check status of batteries and keep them charged. ✓ Check Fuel Supply ✓ Drainage systems - Toe drains, etc., and, during any reservoir filling operations MONTHLY Check condition of: Dam and Reservoir ✓ Reservoir periphery (During Monsoon) ✓ Drainage systems - Toe Drains, etc. (on regular basis from second year onwards after initial reservoir filling) ✓ Measuring devices/Instruments ✓ Security and safety devices – rectification, if needed. ✓ Communication Devices ✓ Status of Vegetation growth 25

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

✓ Check Sign/Warning display boards near vulnerable locations are in place and updated as necessary

Mechanical/Electrical System ✓ Replace fuses/light bulbs, as necessary ✓ Inspect and maintain ventilation system; check for and remove any obstructions ✓ Cleaning of control panel boards

QUARTERLY Outlet Works ✓ Availability of updated operating instruction ✓ Check gate air vents ✓ Clean gate control switchboxes ✓ Check operation of gates and valves ✓ Grease gate hanger / roller tracking arrangements

Check

✓ Check condition of trash rack of intake structure ✓ Check condition of Outlet works &the Energy Dissipation Arrangement in solid apron.

Spillway/Surplus Sluices. ✓ Check for debris in inlet channel ✓ Check operation of gates ✓ Check for damages in apron, EDA, d/s area, etc. ✓ Clean inside of motor control cabinet and remove debris, insect (bee nests), nests, rodents and bird nests Other works ✓ Check for adherence to instrumentation schedule ✓ Record pertinent information in Operation Log ✓ Check conditions of V-notch weirs/other seepage measuring devices

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

BI-ANNUAL

Spillway/Surplus sluices& outlet works ✓ Check paint on gates and other areas of corrosion ✓ Check lubrication of wire ropes and application of cardamom compound. ✓ Check mechanical hoist bearings and flexible coupling bearings ✓ Check gear systems ✓ Exercise gate and valves for operational efficiency ✓ Check oil reservoir level in hydraulic system and top up as necessary ✓ Check pressure release valve and clean any debris, dirt, other foreign objects as necessary ✓ Lubricate gate rollers ✓ Check rubber seals and seal clamp bar

Electrical System and Equipment ✓ Change oil in stand by generator ✓ Check exposed electrical wiring of : ➢ Operating equipment of gates/valves/hoists of Outlet works. ➢ Operating equipment of gates and hoists of Sluice gates. ➢ Operating equipment of any other gates and hoists in dam ➢ Sluice gate walkway / bridge ✓ Check Gate limit switches and adjust ANNUAL Spillway/Surplus sluices & Outlet works ✓ Paint ➢ Metalwork, Gate, Hoists and all exposed metal parts for corrosion ➢ Valves / Control valves ✓ Hydraulic power pack system ✓ Exercise Gates and Valves ✓ Examine apron / energy dissipation arrangement and d/s channel & carry out rectification works, as necessary. ✓ Check metal welds for damages/cracks in Gates, Hoist platform,supports etc. Electrical

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

✓ Check electrical conduits, pull-boxes and switches for: ➢ Outlet works valve house ➢ Gates & hoists ➢ Sluice gate bridge

FIVE YEAR (PERIODIC) ✓ Inspect intake structures, energy dissipation arrangement, less frequent if experience indi- cates. ✓ Review Dam operation procedures and EAP and update as necessary.

1.8.2 Hydro-Mechanical Inspections / Checks Special duties performed for H-M operating personnel works are given in this section. Frequency of inspections / checks for hydro-mechanical components and necessary actions to be taken up during maintenance 1. Surplus sluices vertical Gates - 152 Nos. a. Embedded Parts

Sl. Embedded Part Frequency No. Checking of seal beams. Seal Seats, Guide track & all other exposed embedded parts with respect to their alignment, distortion :if any due to continuous use, 1 Half Yearly pitting and un-necessary cracks due to wear & carrying out requisite repairs, rectification by welding, grinding etc. Removing debris & other foreign material deposited on embedded parts & 2 Monthly cleaning the same All cracks & defective weld joints to be ascertained & rectified. Verticality of 3 Half Yearly roller track to be checked. b. Vertical Gate Structure Sl. Description Frequency No.

Regular inspection of the gate along with the hoist to be carried out daily to 1 Daily ensure that there is no unusual development/ observation

2 Check all welding for soundness & rectify defects Quarterly

Check all nuts & bolts provided and tighten them, and replace the defective 3 Quarterly nuts & bolts

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Check upstream face of Skin plate for pitting, scaling and corrosion. Scaling 4 formation are to be removed. Pitting shall be filled with weld & ground. Cor- Yearly roded surface shall be cleaned & painted. Joints of side & bottom rubber seals to be checked for their proper alignment 5 Monthly and fixing & to be rectified/ adjusted if there is leakage through joints

Nuts & bolts for rubber seal connection to be tightened and damaged nuts 6 Quarterly and bolts to be replaced

The excessive or widespread leakages if any shall be reported to the engineer in charge. If the seals are required to be replaced the same shall-be carried 7 out after supply of rubber seal by the department free of cost in case the Quarterly change of rubber seals is more than once during total maintenance period of five years The Gate rollers pin is to be lubricated. Every gate should be lifted & alignment 8 to be checked. All vertical gates wire ropes to be checked &observe if any wire Quarterly rope strangers /damages. Gate wheels, Gear wheels, Plummer blocks and Worm reducer are to be lubri- monthly 9 cated The gates are to be inspected thoroughly for any projections, temporary supports coming in the way f gate movement and are to be removed if any Light Ray Pass test may be conducted for checking gap in between seal and seal monthly 10 seat Rollers are to be greased through grease nipples, provided to rollers shaft by monthly 11 using grease gun Check Rollers rotation by hand for free rotation. Seals and Seal seating shall be monthly inspected for leakage when the water level is full Location of leakage points 12 for taking remedial measures.

Excessive or wide spread leakages if any shall be reported to Engineer-in- monthly charge and remedial measures like adjustment of eccentricity in the roller axle or providing of rubber packing in between Rubber Seal and Seal base. Further 13 adjustment may be carried out during Annual Maintenance. If a leakage is much excessive that immediate repair is considered and rubber seals are repaired or replaced.

Clean all drain holes wherever provided. The Roller Bearing/ Guide Rollers Quarterly shall be lubricated for the rotation.The seal shall be checked for damages, wear 14 & tea, if damaged, shall be replaced.

The guide assemblies, wheel assemblies and sealing assemblies shall be cleared ofQuarterly 15 grit, sand or any other foreign materials.

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

2. Rope Drum Compact Hoist 16 Sets

Sl. Description Frequency No. Checking of oil level of gear box and pouring of make-up oil as & when 1 Daily required Monthly & dur- 2 Checking, adjustment & repairing of relief & flow ing rainy season

Checking & repairing & replacement whenever necessary, oil seals, Every 3 bearings, etc. 2 months Checking, repairing & making good of all electrical wirings &connec- 4 Monthly tions of local panels Checking, repairing & making good and replacement of all electrical con- 5 tractors, timers, limit switches, fuses etc. including setting of limit Monthly switches Checking and ensuring perfect lubrication of the entire equipment with 6 Monthly recommended lubricants & methods of the manufacturer. The maintenance of the equipment cleaning & shall include inspection, checking and ascertaining the deficiencies in the equipment for its As per 7 smooth & trouble free operation. The deficiencies noticed shall be rectified by resorting to cleaning, adjustment, repairs, replacement of trou- requirement bled/ damaged parts as per the requirement Necessary maintenance records are to be prepared as a result of period- 8 ical inspection and submitted for deciding actions in respect of necessary Monthly repair/replacement of parts The guide assemblies, wheel assemblies and sealing assemblies shall be 9 cleared of grit, sand or any other foreign materials. General cleaning is to Quarterly be done for Hoist Components. Lubrication is to be attended for Bearings of Gate Rollers, Hoist Pulleys Quarterly 10 and Pins provided in Hoist and Gates. Rope Drum Shaft, Plummer Blocks, Line Shaft Plummer blocks. Check Quarterly 11 tightness of all coupling bots of Motor to Worm Reducer and Line Shaft. If required they may be tightened.

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.9 Distribution of Operation & Maintenance Manuals

The list of unit officers to whom the O&M Manual is required to be distributed isshown in the table below. Table 6 - Distribution of O&M Manual and Revisions Number of Manual Sl No Unit Officers Distribution Secretary to Govt, Water Resources Department, VikasaSoudha, 1. 3 Bengaluru 2. Managing Director,CNNL, Bengaluru 2 3. Chief Engineer, CNNL, Irrigation south mysuru 2 Chief Engineer, Water Resources Development Organization, Ben- 4. 1 galuru. 5. Director, KERS, K R Sagara. 1 6. Project Director, SPMU, WRDO, Bengaluru 1 7. Superintending Engineer, CNNL, Mandya 1 8. Superintending Engineer, CNNL, Designs, Mysuru. 1 9. Executive Engineer, SPMU, DRIP Bengaluru 1 10. Executive Engineer, CNNL, Division, Krishnarajasagara 1 Assistant Executive Engineer, CNNL, No.1(M) Sub Division, 11. 1 Krishnarajasagara Assistant Executive Engineer, CNNL, Dam Sub Division No.2 (G), 12. 1 Sub Division, Krishnarajasagara. Assistant Engineer-1, CNNL, No.2 (G), Sub Division, Krishnara- 13. 1 jasagara. Assistant Engineer-1, CNNL, No.1(M) Sub Division, Krishnara- 14. 1 jasagara 15. Technical Section of Central Office 1 16. Technical Section of Circle Office 1 17. Technical Section of Division Office 1 1.10 Supporting Documents & Reference Material This O&M Manual is the key instruction document. Supporting documents and necessary instructions for all phases of the operation, inspection and maintenance of the dam, reservoir and appurtenant works are shown below and are available at the dam control room: • Emergency Action Plan (EAP) • Reservoir / River pollution contingency • Flood forecasting and operating criteria plan • Basin or river operating plan • Maintenance schedules • Interstate agreements • Gate Manufacturer’s instructions and • Agreements with other user agencies drawings • Power station operation plan • Regional communication directory • Irrigation operation plan • Instrumentation reports / results • Domestic / industrial water supply operating instructions • Administrative procedures

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THISPAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 CHAPTER 2. PROJECT OPERATION

2.1 Basic Data The Krishnarajasagara reservoir has an effective capacity of 44827 Mcft. over the sill of irrigation sluices which are at + 60.00 above river bed. The impounding into the reservoir is governed by the rules of regulation of 1924 agreement entered into with Madras Government. The main principle guiding the impounding formula is that “Limit gauge and discharge at upper anecut in Madras State have to be ensured before impounding into the reservoir is done.The limit gauge and discharge and proportion factor for each month from June to January have been agreed after conducting several years of joint gauging both at upper anecut and Krishnarajasagara. The table of limit gauge and discharge at upper anecut provides for lower limit upto which no impounding is to be done at K.R.Sagara as also the upper limit above which all flows may be impounded into the table with other description of the “Impounding formula”. To ensure limit flows at upper anecut as also to impounding such quantities after ensuring the said limit flows, regulation of K.R.Sagara reservoir will be done at 8 am and 8 pm of every day during monsoon months (i.e., from 28th May to 28th January 8 am). Once a day regulation can also be had when the estimated inflow is less than 1000 cuses, by mutual agreement of the Chief Engineer of Mysore and Madras and the time of regulation being 3 pm or such other time agreed to. 2.1.1 Area Capacity curves. The area capacity curves for Krishnarajasagara Dam tabular and graphical form are shown

Page | 33

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Reservoir level (In ft) Reservoir Capacity (In Mcft) Sl. Below +60 ft level 4401 +60 ft to +70 ft = 3978 Mcft No. Above +60 ft level - Above +74 ft level

1 60.00 0.00 -

2 61.00 216.00 -

3 62.00 442.00 -

4 63.00 677.00 -

5 64.00 923.00 -

6 65.00 1179.00 -

7 66.00 1446.00 -

8 67.00 1723.00 -

9 68.00 2011.00 -

10 69.00 2310.00 -

11 70.00 2620.00 -

12 71.00 2942.00 -

13 72.00 3276.00 -

14 73.00 3621.00 -

Page | 34

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

15 74.00 3978.00 0.00

16 75.00 4347.00 369.00

17 76.00 4728.00 750.00

18 77.00 5122.00 1144.00

19 78.00 5529.00 1551.00

20 79.00 5949.00 1972.00

21 80.00 6384.00 2406.00

22 81.00 6832.00 2854.00

23 82.00 7293.00 3316.00

24 83.00 7769.00 3792.00

25 84.00 8261.00 4283.00

26 85.00 8766.00 4789.00

27 86.00 9287.00 5310.00

28 87.00 9824.00 5847.00

29 88.00 10378.00 6400.00

30 89.00 10948.00 6970.00

31 90.00 11535.00 7557.00

32 91.00 12139.00 8162.00

34 93.00 13402.00 9425.00

35 94.00 14061.00 10083.00

36 95.00 14737.00 10760.00

37 96.00 15433.00 11455.00

38 97.00 16147.00 12169.00

39 98.00 16880.00 12903.00

40 99.00 17634.00 13656.00

41 100.00 18407.00 14430.00

Page | 35

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

42 101.00 19201.00 15224.00

43 102.00 20015.00 16038.00

44 103.00 20850.00 16873.00

45 104.00 21707.00 17729.00

46 105.00 22585.00 18608.00

47 106.00 23486.00 19508.00

48 107.00 24409.00 20431.00

49 108.00 25355.00 21377.00

50 109.00 26324.00 22347.00

51 110.00 27318.00 23340.00

52 111.00 28335.00 24358.00

53 112.00 29377.00 25406.00

54 113.00 30443.00 26466.00

55 114.00 31535.00 27558.00

56 115.00 32653.00 28675.00

57 116.00 33797.00 29819.00

58 117.00 34967.00 30989.00

59 118.00 36165.00 32187.00

60 119.00 37390.00 33412.00

61 120.00 38642.00 34664.00

62 121.00 39921.00 35943.00

63 122.00 41203.00 37252.00

64 123.00 42567.00 38590.00

65 124.00 43934.00 39957.00

66 124.80 45050.00 41073.00

67 125.00 45050.00 41352.00

Page | 36

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

68 126.00 46756.00 42779.00

69 127.00 48214.00 44237.00

70 128.00 49704.00 45727.00

71 129.00 51227.00 47250.00

72 130.00 52781.00 48804.00

Page | 37

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Note : -

MDDL +74.00 ft. = 8.379 TMC

FRL +124.80 ft. = 49.452 TMC

+12.00 ft. = 0.132 TMC

+50.00 ft. = 2.600 TMC

+60.00 ft. = 4.401 TMC

2.1.2 Design Flood and Features Related to Safety

Introduction: DESIGN FLOOD • The revised design flood is reviewed and approved by CWC in the letter no . 7/kar- 58/2008-hyd(s)/434-435 dated 15.9.2015 as 17,010 cumecs. • The revised design flood hydrograph was obtained from the Hydrology (South) Direc- torate of the CWC. It has been shown in Figure 1.

FLOOD ROUTING

• KERS has conducted level pool routing of KRS reservoir considering revised design flood approved by CWC • The flood routing is carried out by good rich’s method making use the details furnished by in charge authorities. • The routing is carried out for peak inflow and corresponding MWL and freeboard is calculated and stated below. • The maximum reservoir elevation attained is RL: 753.86 m during the passage of flood peak which is below the top of Dam of 754.32 m by 0.46 m when all the gates are fully operational.

Page | 38

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Under DRIP Phase 1 , package 2 , Replacements of +103,+106 and +114 gates is under progresss and this will further increase our discharge capacity or outflow capacity .

CWC and GOK has established office at upstream for assisting flood warning in the Cauvery River Basin. Based on the rainfall in the catchment and flow in the river and tributaries, flood forecasting is done effectively by hourly based data exchange during heavy floods through upstream Dams like Harangi & Hemavathi , depending upon the inflow forecasting details , we reduce the dam water level and create enough cushion to handle the probable water inflow matching with our present max discharge capacity (2.36lac cusces). This year we were successful in handling 1.89 lac cusecs of discharge effortlessly and smoothly with our gauging team.

Varying Reservoir elevation with time during routing

756

755

754 Varying Elevation 753

752 FRL line

751 Elevation in m in Elevation 750 Top of 749 Dam

748 0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 Time in hours

2.2 Flood Management at Krishnarajasagara Reservoirs The downstream of Cauvery River course is having a steep longitudinal and cross sectional slopes. The flood will be passed on quickly and as such there is no spreading of floods and temporary inundation for longer periods. Hence, the flood risk is very low. However, in case of rare event of breach of dam when unexpected quantity of water received from the reservoir some havocs may happen. To overcome this, a statement showing (EAP) the public buildings available in the flood risk zone are identified and listed. This is required for rehabilitation of displaced persons. Even the number of boats available for evacuating the people from the flood zone is listed out. During flood situation, law and order problem may also arise, as such nearby police station and police outpost will be informed regarding flood. This will be helpful in controlling the people in panic. Alternate sources of lighting in case of power failure in night will also be arranged, Even, the Health Depart- ment authorities in the nearby area are kept informed to treat the sick people during the flood.

Using all the above facilities, the present flood situation under KRS Dam is being managed without causing any hazards to public or properties. Mitigatory measures during floods are Rapid Page | 39

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 deployment of team to provide alternate drinking water sources or tankers in critical areas. Setting up food and fodder banks. Availability of seeds for alternate sowing Changing cropping pattern (food and fodder) and restricting the acreage of commercial crops. Employment generation activity with emphasis on watershed development and tree planting. Emergency measures. If the flood is severe, establishment of rehabilitation camps and community kitchens will be necessary.Ideal places are schools and anganavadi centers in the region. Provision of drinking water and sanitation for the camps is essential. Water tanks to critical areas from the nearest source at the earliest. Establishment of fodder banks for the cattle, establishment of health services and prevention of epidemics.

The regulation of flood water released from the upstream Dams like Harangi & Hemavathi is very important and has a most impact in this Dam. The following measures are essential for effective management of floods in Cauvery River during the monsoons. 1) Nomination of liaising officers for respective reservoirs. 2) Sharing of Sub-basin wise directory of concerned officers responsible for flood management. 3) Exchange of data regarding rainfall, releases from dams, reservoir water levels. 4) Reservoir operation schedules.

Exchange of data regarding rainfall, releases from dams, reservoir water levels. The Central water Commission has established office at upstream for assisting in flood warning in the Cauvery River Basin. Based on the rainfall in the catchment and flow in the river and tributaries, CWC office will furnish flood forecasting reports to office of Karnataka, whenever probable flow at Krishnarajasagara is more than 50000 cusecs. It also informs the trend of flow (Raising, steady or Falling). The list of rain gauges in the catchment of Cauvery basin and daily rainfall is to be collected by concerned offices. It will helpful for prediction of probable floods in the river. During monsoon daily water releases from the Dams/Barrages at 8 hrs.& 16 hrs. in normal situation and hourly data exchange during heavy floods is necessary. In this regard, the data is required to be established. The data regarding exchange floods is made available to the Revenue authorities and public by broadcasting on AIR,TV and publication in newspapers. Flood warning system in catchment area: The regulation of flood from the dams on upstream of Krishnarajasagara reservoir is very crucial to quantify the inflow of floods into Krishnarajasagara Dam. The agencies of Central water Commission will be coordinated to assist in the flood forecasting accordingly, sequence of opening or closing of gates will be taken up in accordance with the approved gate operation schedule. A siren is used for flood warning system in Krishnarajasagara Dam. The siren system is initiated as soon as monsoon commences. Siren alert will be given to the people residing in the downstream area of the Dam, 72 Hours before releasing of flood water from the reservoir. Also flood warning messages are broadcasted and telecasted through TVs, Radios and wireless and mobile phones are also used to communicate the message and inform the people residing by the side of the river. Also, evacuation of the people is done, when necessary. Responsible officers are kept on alert round Page | 40

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 the clock to manage the flood situation. All the members of the committee are provided with wireless and mobile phones for easy access and communication.

Flood communication system: The widely time tested Communication to reach every corner of the flood affected zones have been radio and television and private media for the people to move to safer places by them- selves in an emergency. Communication is very important in such occasions These days due to revolution in the telecommunication system, there is available, network of mobile phones. Advantage of this facility will be taken. Mobile numbers of all such staff will be listed and made available to all the personnel who have been assigned duty of disaster management. Following liaising officers for flood co-ordination of Krishnarajasagara Dam are as listed below Karnataka State: 1) Chief Engineer, Phone No. 0821-2443900/ 0821-2443603 Mobile No. 9632393263 2) Superintending Engineer, Phone No. 08232-248696 Mobile No. :9902702939 3) Executive Engineer, KRS Division, Krishnarajasagara, Phone No. 08236-257227 Mobile No. 9448772325 4) Asst.Executive Engr ( No1 (M) sub div). Mobile No. 9480442830 5) Asst.Executive Engr ( No2 (G) sub div). Mobile No. 9448740401 6) Asst.Engr.( No1 (M) sub div). Mobile No. 9945700936 7) Junior Engr ( No2 (G) sub div).. Mobile No. 9986738696 8) Junior Engr ( No1 (M) sub div).. Mobile No. 9110211894

District Administration Mandya, Mob:9900047360 Off No: 08232-224600

District Administration Mysuru,Mob:9480724754 Off No:08212422302

2.2.1 Gate Operations (Discharge Ratings of Sluices):

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +80ft LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM

In case of Notch Flow the discharge (Q) through each gate is given by Q=Lh1.5C√(2g), h is the head measured from the crest level of the spillway up to the reservoir water level below RL+102’ In case of Orifice Flow, the discharge (Q) through each gate is given by Q=C*A√(2gh), h is the head measured from the centre of the orifice opening up to the reservoir water level above RL+102’

Page | 41

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Basic Values of C√(2g) is taken from the Book titled “Krishnarajasagara Dam Sluices” authored By Shri. M C Sampath Iyengar -1948 Discharge coefficients (C) for notch flow through +80‘level surplus sluices of K R Sagara dam up to RL +102’ recommended in the Book are considered in computation of Discharge using the equation Q=C√ (2g) LH1.5 where H= head over the crest, L = length of Spillway; =10’ Case (1): Notch Flow up to RL +102’

Discharge C√(2g) as through each Q for 16 gates RL In Feet recommended HEAD gate(Q) 80 3.04 0 0 0 81 3.04 1 30 480 82 3.04 2 86 1376 83 3.04 3 158 2528 84 3.04 4 243 3888 85 3.04 5 340 5440 86 3.04 6 447 7152 87 3.04 7 563 9008 88 3.04 8 688 11008 89 3.04 9 821 13136 90 3.04 10 961 15376 91 3.03 11 1105 17680 92 3.03 12 1260 20160 93 3.02 13 1416 22656 94 3.02 14 1582 25312 95 3.03 15 1760 28160 96 3.03 16 1939 31024 97 3.04 17 2131 34096 98 3.04 18 2322 37152 99 3.05 19 2526 40416 100 3.05 20 2728 43648 101 3.06 21 2945 47120 102 3.06 22 3158 50528

Case (2): Orifice Flow above RL +102 ft Values of C√(2g) for Orifice Flow as provided in the Book for Discharge = CA√(2gh), h= is the head over the centre of the orifice, A= area of the orifice

Page | 42

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Gate opening in feet

L in feet 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 18 19.5 20 Values of C√(2g) 102 5.41 5.34 5.22 5.16 5.1 5.05 5.01 4.95 4.91 4.87 4.82 4.78 4.77 4.74 105 5.42 5.36 5.25 5.18 5.14 5.09 5.05 5.01 4.97 4.95 4.92 4.92 4.95 5.06 107 5.43 5.37 5.26 5.2 5.16 5.13 5.1 5.06 5.03 5.02 5.02 5.04 5.1 5.29 109 5.45 5.38 5.29 5.22 5.18 5.17 5.14 5.11 5.1 5.09 5.11 5.14 5.24 5.48 111 5.46 5.4 5.3 5.24 5.22 5.2 5.18 5.17 5.15 5.16 5.2 5.25 5.37 5.65 113 5.48 5.42 5.32 5.27 5.24 5.24 5.22 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.27 5.34 5.48 5.81 115 5.49 5.43 5.34 5.29 5.26 5.27 5.26 5.26 5.26 5.3 5.34 5.43 5.6 5.96 117 5.5 5.44 5.35 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.31 5.3 5.33 5.37 5.42 5.52 5.71 6.1 119 5.51 5.45 5.36 5.33 5.33 5.34 5.34 5.36 5.38 5.43 5.5 5.6 5.82 6.25 121 5.53 5.46 5.37 5.35 5.35 5.37 5.39 5.4 5.44 5.5 5.57 5.69 5.92 6.38 124 5.54 5.47 5.39 5.37 5.38 5.4 5.43 5.45 5.49 5.55 5.64 5.77 6.03 6.52

Page | 43

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 The values of C√(2g) interpolated for intermediate levels.

Gate opening in feet

RL 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 18 19.5 20 in feet Interpolated Values of C√(2g) 102 5.410 5.340 5.220 5.160 5.100 5.050 5.010 4.950 4.910 4.870 4.820 4.780 4.770 4.740 103 5.416 5.346 5.228 5.170 5.113 4.992 5.029 4.973 4.936 4.901 4.851 4.825 4.833 4.829 104 5.422 5.352 5.236 5.180 5.126 5.007 5.048 4.996 4.962 4.932 4.888 4.870 4.895 4.917 105 5.428 5.358 5.244 5.189 5.139 5.022 5.067 5.019 4.989 4.963 4.925 4.915 4.957 5.004 106 5.434 5.364 5.251 5.199 5.151 5.038 5.086 5.041 5.015 4.994 4.962 4.960 5.018 5.091 107 5.440 5.370 5.259 5.208 5.164 5.053 5.106 5.064 5.041 5.025 5.000 5.005 5.079 5.176 108 5.446 5.376 5.267 5.218 5.177 5.068 5.125 5.087 5.068 5.056 5.037 5.050 5.139 5.261 109 5.452 5.382 5.274 5.227 5.189 5.083 5.144 5.109 5.094 5.087 5.074 5.095 5.198 5.345 110 5.457 5.387 5.282 5.237 5.202 5.098 5.163 5.132 5.121 5.117 5.111 5.140 5.257 5.428 111 5.463 5.393 5.290 5.246 5.215 5.114 5.182 5.155 5.147 5.148 5.149 5.185 5.316 5.511 112 5.469 5.399 5.298 5.256 5.228 5.129 5.201 5.178 5.173 5.179 5.186 5.230 5.373 5.592 113 5.475 5.405 5.305 5.266 5.240 5.144 5.220 5.200 5.200 5.210 5.223 5.275 5.431 5.673 114 5.481 5.411 5.313 5.275 5.253 5.159 5.239 5.223 5.226 5.241 5.260 5.320 5.488 5.754 115 5.487 5.417 5.321 5.285 5.266 5.174 5.258 5.246 5.252 5.272 5.297 5.365 5.544 5.833 116 5.493 5.423 5.329 5.294 5.279 5.189 5.277 5.269 5.279 5.303 5.335 5.410 5.600 5.912 117 5.499 5.429 5.336 5.304 5.291 5.205 5.296 5.291 5.305 5.334 5.372 5.455 5.655 5.990 118 5.505 5.435 5.344 5.313 5.304 5.220 5.316 5.314 5.331 5.365 5.409 5.500 5.710 6.068 119 5.511 5.441 5.352 5.323 5.317 5.235 5.335 5.337 5.358 5.396 5.446 5.545 5.765 6.145 120 5.517 5.447 5.359 5.332 5.329 5.250 5.354 5.359 5.384 5.427 5.483 5.590 5.819 6.221

Page | 44

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

121 5.522 5.452 5.367 5.342 5.342 5.265 5.373 5.382 5.411 5.457 5.521 5.635 5.872 6.297 122 5.528 5.458 5.375 5.352 5.355 5.281 5.392 5.405 5.437 5.488 5.558 5.680 5.925 6.372 123 5.534 5.464 5.383 5.361 5.368 5.296 5.411 5.428 5.463 5.519 5.595 5.725 5.978 6.446 124 5.540 5.470 5.390 5.370 5.380 5.400 5.430 5.450 5.490 5.550 5.640 5.770 6.030 6.519

Page | 45

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Table of Discharge through each gate at +80 ft level for RL above +102 ft

Gate opening 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 18 19.5 20 in feet Reservoir RL Discharge in cusecs per gate of +80‘level surplus sluices of K R Sagara Dam 102 374 725 1043 1348 1633 1898 2149 2371 2580 2772 2939 3093 3244 3284 103 383 743 1072 1386 1682 1959 2221 2457 2680 2887 3073 3249 3426 3499 104 392 762 1099 1423 1729 2019 2292 2541 2778 3001 3205 3402 3606 3713 105 401 779 1127 1459 1776 2077 2362 2624 2874 3112 3336 3554 3784 3926 106 409 797 1153 1495 1822 2135 2430 2706 2969 3223 3464 3703 3961 4137 107 418 814 1179 1530 1867 2192 2498 2786 3063 3332 3591 3851 4136 4348 108 426 831 1205 1564 1912 2248 2565 2866 3155 3440 3717 3998 4310 4556 109 434 848 1230 1598 1956 2303 2631 2944 3247 3546 3841 4143 4482 4763 110 443 864 1255 1632 1999 2357 2696 3022 3338 3652 3964 4286 4653 4969 111 451 880 1280 1665 2042 2411 2761 3098 3428 3756 4086 4429 4823 5173 112 459 896 1304 1698 2084 2464 2825 3174 3517 3860 4207 4570 4991 5375 113 466 912 1327 1730 2126 2516 2888 3250 3605 3963 4326 4709 5157 5574 114 474 927 1351 1762 2168 2568 2951 3324 3692 4065 4445 4847 5323 5772 115 482 942 1374 1794 2209 2619 3013 3398 3779 4166 4563 4984 5487 5968 116 489 957 1396 1825 2249 2670 3075 3471 3865 4267 4679 5120 5649 6161 117 497 972 1419 1856 2290 2720 3136 3544 3951 4367 4795 5254 5811 6351 118 504 987 1441 1887 2330 2770 3197 3616 4036 4466 4909 5387 5970 6539 119 511 1001 1463 1917 2369 2819 3258 3688 4121 4564 5023 5519 6129 6724 120 519 1015 1484 1947 2409 2868 3318 3759 4204 4662 5136 5650 6285 6906

Page | 52

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 121 526 1029 1505 1977 2448 2916 3378 3829 4288 4760 5248 5779 6441 7085 122 533 1043 1526 2007 2486 2964 3437 3899 4371 4857 5359 5907 6594 7261 123 540 1057 1547 2036 2525 3012 3496 3969 4454 4953 5468 6033 6747 7434 124 547 1070 1567 2065 2563 3059 3555 4038 4536 5049 5578 6158 6897 7602

Page | 53

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Table of total Discharge through all the 16 gates at +80 ft level for RL above +102 ft

Gate opening in feet

1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 18 19.5 20 Reser- voir RL in Combined Discharge in cusecs of all the 16 gates at +80‘level surplus sluices of K R Sagara Dam feet 102 5984 11600 16688 21568 26128 30368 34384 37936 41280 44352 47024 49488 51904 52544 103 6128 11888 17152 22176 26912 31344 35536 39312 42880 46192 49168 51984 54816 55984 104 6272 12192 17584 22768 27664 32304 36672 40656 44448 48016 51280 54432 57696 59408 105 6416 12464 18032 23344 28416 33232 37792 41984 45984 49792 53376 56864 60544 62816 106 6544 12752 18448 23920 29152 34160 38880 43296 47504 51568 55424 59248 63376 66192 107 6688 13024 18864 24480 29872 35072 39968 44576 49008 53312 57456 61616 66176 69568 108 6816 13296 19280 25024 30592 35968 41040 45856 50480 55040 59472 63968 68960 72896 109 6944 13568 19680 25568 31296 36848 42096 47104 51952 56736 61456 66288 71712 76208 110 7088 13824 20080 26112 31984 37712 43136 48352 53408 58432 63424 68576 74448 79504 111 7216 14080 20480 26640 32672 38576 44176 49568 54848 60096 65376 70864 77168 82768 112 7344 14336 20864 27168 33344 39424 45200 50784 56272 61760 67312 73120 79856 86000 113 7456 14592 21232 27680 34016 40256 46208 52000 57680 63408 69216 75344 82512 89184 114 7584 14832 21616 28192 34688 41088 47216 53184 59072 65040 71120 77552 85168 92352 115 7712 15072 21984 28704 35344 41904 48208 54368 60464 66656 73008 79744 87792 95488 116 7824 15312 22336 29200 35984 42720 49200 55536 61840 68272 74864 81920 90384 98576 117 7952 15552 22704 29696 36640 43520 50176 56704 63216 69872 76720 84064 92976 101616 118 8064 15792 23056 30192 37280 44320 51152 57856 64576 71456 78544 86192 95520 104624

Page | 54

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

119 8176 16016 23408 30672 37904 45104 52128 59008 65936 73024 80368 88304 98064 107584 120 8304 16240 23744 31152 38544 45888 53088 60144 67264 74592 82176 90400 100560 110496 121 8416 16464 24080 31632 39168 46656 54048 61264 68608 76160 83968 92464 103056 113360 122 8528 16688 24416 32112 39776 47424 54992 62384 69936 77712 85744 94512 105504 116176 123 8640 16912 24752 32576 40400 48192 55936 63504 71264 79248 87488 96528 107952 118944 124 8752 17120 25072 33040 41008 48944 56880 64608 72576 80784 89248 98528 110352 121632

Page | 55

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +103 ft LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM

In case of Notch Flow the discharge (Q) through each gate is given by Q=Lh1.5C√(2g), h is the head measured from the crest level of the spillway up to the reservoir water level below RL+112.3’. Value of C√(2g) =3.02 for all levels up to RL +112.3’ for notch Flow. In case of Orifice Flow, the discharge (Q) through each gate is given by Q=C*A√(2gh), h is the head measured from the centre of the orifice opening up to the reservoir water level above RL+112.3 ft. Basic Values of C√(2g) is taken from the Book titled “Krishnarajasagara Dam Sluices” authored By Shri. M C Sampath Iyengar -1948

Elevation Values of C√(2g) for Orifice flow above RL +112.3 ft in feet When adjacent gates are When alternate gates are opened opened 112.3 4.67 4.7 113 4.67 4.7 114 4.95 4.99 115 5.23 5.27 116 5.51 5.54 117 5.77 5.8 118 6.00 6.02 119 6.18 6.19 120 6.31 6.31 121 6.4 6.4 122 6.46 6.46 123 6.476 6.476 124 6.476 6.476

Page | 56

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Table of Discharge for RL +103 to +112.3’ for Notch Flow

Elevation Discharge through each gate; Combined Discharge in feet Q=C√(2g) LH^1.5 through 48 gates=48*Q

103 0 0 104 30 1440 105 85 4080 106 157 7536 107 242 11616 108 338 16224 109 444 21312 110 559 26832 111 683 32784 112.3 857 41136

Page | 57

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Table of Discharge for RL +112.3’ to +124’

When alternate gates are When adjacent gates are opened Elevation opened in feet Discharge through each gate; Discharge through each Total Q=C*A√(2gh) gate; Q=C*A√(2gh) Discharge =48*Q 112.3 866 860 41280 113 921 915 43920 114 1056 1048 50304 115 1192 1183 56784 116 1330 1322 63456 117 1467 1460 70080 118 1597 1592 76416 119 1715 1713 82224 120 1820 1820 87360 121 1916 1916 91968 122 2002 2002 96096 123 2072 2072 99456 124 2136 2136 102528

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +106 ft LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM In case of Notch Flow the discharge (Q) through each gate is given by Q=Lh1.5C√(2g), h is the head measured from the crest level of the spillway up to the reservoir water level below RL+119.5’. Value of C√(2g) =3.09 for all levels up to RL +119.5’ for notch Flow. In case of Orifice Flow, the discharge (Q) through each gate is given by Q=C*A√(2gh), h is the head measuredfrom the centre of the orifice opening up to the reservoir water level above +119.5’ Basic Values of C√(2g) is taken from the Book titled “Krishnarajasagara Dam Sluices” authored By Shri. M CSampath Iyengar -1948.

Elevation Values of C*√(2g) for in feet Orifice flow 119.5 5 120 5 121 5

Page | 58

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

122 5 123 5.321 124 5.321

Table of Discharge for RL +106’ to +119.5’ for Notch Flow

C√(2g) =3.09 Q= C√(2g) LH^1.5

Discharge Combined Discharge RL in feet through through 40 each gate; Q gates=40*Q 106 0 0 107 25 1000 108 70 2800 109 128 5120 110 198 7920 111 276 11040 112 363 14520 113 458 18320 114 559 22360 115 667 26680 116 782 31280 117 902 36080 118 1028 41120 119 1159 46360 119.5 1226 49040

Page | 59

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Table of Discharge for RL> +119.5 for Orifice Flow: Q=C*A√(2gh)

Discharge through Combined Discharge RL in feet each gate; Q through 40 gates=40*Q 119.5 1315 52600 120 1358 54320 121 1440 57600 122 1518 60720 123 1694 67760 124 1770 70800

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +114 ft LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM In case of Notch Flow the discharge (Q) through each gate is given by Q=Lh1.5C√(2g), h is the head measured from the crest level of the spillway up to the reservoir water level below RL+119.5’. Value of C√(2g) =3.00 for all levels up to RL +124’ for notch Flow. Basic Values of C√(2g) is taken from the Book titled “Krishnarajasagara Dam Sluices” authored By Shri. M C Sampath Iyengar -1948

Table of Discharge for RL +114’ to +124’ for Notch Flow

C√(2g) =3.00 L=10’, Q= C√(2g) LH^1.5

Discharge through Combined Discharge RL in feet each gate; Q through 40 gates=40*Q

114 0 0 115 30 1440 116 85 4080 117 156 7488 118 240 11520 119 335 16080 120 441 21168

Page | 60

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

121 556 26688 122 679 32592 123 810 38880 124 948 45504

Page | 61

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +80' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM (DISCHARGE THROUGH EACH GATE )

FRL:124.8 ft 124

122

120

118

116

) 114

112

110

108

106

104

102 Note: 1) The Chart should be used for

Reservoir Elevation Elevation (ft Reservoir 100 opening of single gate.

98 2) Vent size - (10' X 20')

96 GO =GATE OPENING 94

82 SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE80 ft 80 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 Discharge (cusecs)

Page | 62

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +80' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM (DISCHARGE THROUGH ALL 16 GATES )

FRL:124.80 ft 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 GO 1.5

(ft) 107 GO 3 106 GO 4.5 105 GO 6 104 GO 7.5 103 GO 10.5 GO 16.5 102 GO 18 101 GO 19.5 100 GO 20 FREE FLOW THROGH ALL GATES 99 Note: 1) The Chart should be used for Uniform /EqualGO 12 98 GO 13.5 97 GO 15

Reservior Elevation Reservior opening of all the 16 gates. 96 2) Vent size - (10' X 20') 95 94 93 GO =GATE OPENING 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE 80 ft 80 0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 28000 32000 36000 40000 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000 68000 72000 76000 80000 84000 88000 92000 96000 100000 104000 108000 112000 116000 120000

Discharge (cusecs)

Page | 63

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +103' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM (DISCHARGE THROUGH EACH GATE -ORIFICE FLOW WHEN ALTERNATE GATES OPEN ) FRL:124.80 ft 124

123

122

121

120

119

118

117

116

115

114

113 Reservoir elevation elevation (ft) Reservoir 112

111 NOTCH FLOW 110 ORIFICE FLOW WHEN ALTERNATE 109 GATES OPEN 108 NOTE: 1) Discharge through each gate. 107 2) Vent size - (10' X 8') 106

105

104

SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE 103 ft 103 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

Discharge( cusecs)

Page | 64

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +103' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM (DISCHARGE THROUGH EACH GATE-ORIFICE FLOW WHEN ADJACENT GATES OPEN ) FRL:124.80 ft

124

123

122

121

120

119

118

117

116

115

114

113 Reservoirelevation (ft) 112

111 NOTCH FLOW 110

109 ORIFICE FLOW WHEN ADJACENT GATES OPEN 108 NOTE: 1) Discharge through each gate. 107 2) Vent size - (10' X 8')

106

105

104 SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE 103 ft 103 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200

Discharge (cusecs)

Page | 65

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +103' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES FRL:124.80 ft OF K R SAGARA DAM (DISCHARGE THROUGH ALL 48 GATES ) 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 Reservoirelevation (ft) 110 NOTCH FLOW 109 108 ORIFICE FLOW 107 Note: 1) The Chart should be used for Uniform /Equal 106 opening of all the 48 gates. 2) Vent size - (10' X 8') 105 104 103 SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE 103 ft 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000 110000

Discharge(cusecs)

Page | 66

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +106' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM (DISCHARGE THROUGH FRL:124.80 ft EACH GATE ) 124

123

122

121

120

119

118

117

116

115

114

113(ft) Elevation Reservior

112

111 NOTE: 1) Discharge 110 through each gate. 2) Vent size - (8' X 109 12')

108

107

SILL LEVEL OF 106 SLUICE 106 ft 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

Discharge (cusecs)

Page | 67

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +106' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM (DISCHARGE THROUGH ALL 40 GATES ) FRL:124.80 ft 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 Reservior Elevation Reservior (ft) Elevation 112 111 Note: 1) The Chart should be used for Uniform /Equal opening of all the 40 gates. 110 2) Vent size - (8' X 12') 109 108 107 SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE 106 ft 106 0 8000 16000 24000 32000 40000 48000 56000 64000 72000 Discharge (cusecs)

Page | 68

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +114' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM (DISCHARGE THROUGH EACH GATE ) FRL:124.80 ft 124

123

122 (ft) 121

120

119

118 Reservior Elevation Reservior NOTE: 1)Discharge through each 117 gate. 2) Vent size - (10' X 10') 116

115

SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE 114 ft 114 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950

Discharge (cusecs)

Page | 69

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +114' LEVEL SURPLUS SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM FRL:124.80 ft (DISCHARGE THROUGH ALL 48 GATES ) 124

123

122

121 (ft) 120

119

118 Note: 1) The Chart should be used for Uniform /Equal 117 opening of all the 48 gates.

Reservior Elevation Reservior 2) Vent size - (10' X 10') 116

115 SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE 114 114 ft 0 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 24000 28000 32000 36000 40000 44000 48000

Discharge (cusecs)

Page | 70

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

126 124 122 120 FRL:124.8 ft 118 116 114 112 110 108 106 104 102 100 98

(ft) 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 NOTE: 1)Discharge Reservior Elevation 74 72 through each gate. 70 2) Vent size - (6' X 15') 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 54 52 Discharge in cusecs 50 SLUICES LEVEL 50 ft 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600 3900

Page | 71

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

GATE OPERATION SCHEDULE FOR +12' LEVEL SCOURING SLUICES OF K R SAGARA DAM 128 (DISCHARGE THROUGH EACH GATE ) 124 FRL:124.80 ft 120 116 112 108 104

) 100 96 92 88 84 80 76 72 68 64 60

Reservoir Elevation (ft Elevation Reservoir 56 NOTE: 1)Discharge 52 through each gate. 48 44 2) Vent size - 40 (6' X 12') 36 32 28 24 20 16 SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE 12 ft 12 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600 3900

Discharge in cusecs

Page | 72

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

RULE CURVE The Krishnarajasagra Reservoir Rule curve is developed month vs storage capacity and month vs reservoir level for the FRL of 124.80 ft.(752.32) and the same is shown in tabular as well as graphical forms below.

2.2.2 Sequence of Opening or Closing of Gates.

During the time of discharge Vertical Surplus Sluice gates will be operated to release the flood in the following sequences. Out of 156 flood gates, initially 40 numbers of +106’ level gates are to be operated through Gantry crane alternately.

The sequence of Gate No’s are 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40 from ‘0’ M chainage to ‘160’ &39, 37, 35, 33, 31, 29, 27, 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 1 and viceversa.

Secondly flood shall be released through 48 numbers +103’ level gates to be operated through crane (lifting mechanism) alternately. The sequence of Gate No’s are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, Page | 73

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 from ‘160’ M chainiage to ‘370’ M& 47, 45, 43, 41,39, 37, 35, 33, 31, 29, 27, 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, 15, 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, 1 and viceversa.

Thirdly excess flood shall be released through 16 numbers of +80’ level gates to be operated individually by electric motor. The sequence of Gate No’s are Gate No 16 & Gate No 1, Gate No 15 & Gate No 2, Gate No 14 & Gate No 3, Gate No 13 & Gate No 4. Gate No 12 & Gate No 5, Gate No 11 & Gate No 6, Gate No 10 & Gate No 7, Gate No 9 & Gate No 8.

Currently +114’ level all 48 no’s gates are not operating/functioning , these gates are all going to be replaced as part of the total 136 No’s gates replacement works taken up in DRIP programmee of Hydro-Mechanical Pac-II which is under progress. Regarding the irrigation sluice gates is concerned; the gates will be operated to allow the required discharge through the irrigation canals. Details showing the monthly recommended water releases to the irrigation and drinking water supply.

Recommended water releases in TMC Month Drinking Water Irrigation Supply June 0.00 1.685 July 4.92 1.685 August 6.857 1.685 September 6.390 1.685 October 6.603 1.685 November 5.364 1.685 December 1.368 1.685 January 1.565 1.685 February 1.414 1.685 March 1.873 1.685 April 1.490 1.685 May 1.160 1.685

Instructions for the operation of gates when the reservoir level range from +122.00 ft to +124.00 ft:

Operate +80 ft sluice gates either for full or partial opening of vents. But operate all other gates only for full opening of vents and never for the partial openings of the vents. The instructions for the operation of +80 ft gates, +103 ft gates, +106 ft gates and +114 ft gates, Page | 74

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 which are automatic in action are the same as in the case of the lake levels ranging from +92.00 ft upto +122.00 ft.

To avoid the sudden and abnormal fluctuations of the flow in the river below the dam or to avoid sudden outlow the sluice gates are operated at intervals of 12 hours of time lapse as long as the intensity of the floods entering the reservoir does not exceed one lakh of cusecs. But when it exceeds one lakh cusecs and the lake level rises above +122.00 ft, operate the sluice gates at 3 hours intervals to avoid the sudden and abnormal fluctuations of the flow in the river below the dam.

Instructions for the operation of gates during high floods exceeding one lakh cusecs :

Do not allow the water level in the lake to rise above +123.00 ft , when the flood is rising and exceeds one lakh cusecs in the months of July and August, which are the flood months in the river Cauvery. But commence impounding from +123.00 to +124.00 only when the flood begins to fall and that below one lakh cusecs.

Deplete the reservoir level to +123.00 ft, if it should happen at any time that when the reservoir is full or nearly full, that arising flood exceeding one lakh cusecs is noticed. Begin pickup to original full reservoir level when the flood begins to fall and that below one lakh cusecs.

Open +50 ft sluice gates for the full height when the intensity of the flood is seen to rise above 2 ½ lakhs cusecs and in addition +12 ft sluice gates also, when the intensity of the floods further rises above 3.00 lakhs cusecs.

2.2.3 Inflow Forecasting The reservoir formed by the dam has a gross storage capacity of 1400 MCM(49.452 TMC) and live storage capacity of 1276 MCM(45.051 TMC)

Inflow forecasting systems are highly advanced in the recent years. The inflow forecasting is being done by observing the rise in the water level of the river with respect to a gauge post established at the Chunchanakatte for cauvery, At Akkihebbal for Hemavathy and Hundavadi for LakshmanaTeeraha River on the U/S side of the reservoir. By observing the reservoir level hourly, the flood is calculated and accordingly the gates are operated to evacuate the flood and to maintain the safe water level in the reservoir. A gate operation schedule is prepared. In the schedule, sequence of opening and closing the gates and methodology of regulations of flood is given which is strictly followed. The following measures are essential for effective management of floods in Krishnarajasagara reservoir during the monsoons. Page | 75

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1) Nomination of liaising officers. 2) Sharing of directory of concerned officers responsible for flood management. 3) Exchange of data regarding rainfall, releases from dams, reservoir water levels. 4) Reservoir operation schedules.

2.2.4 Methodology of Flood Regulation at Krishnarajasagara

Krishnarajasagara dam though conceived as multi-purpose project with an emphasis on irrigation and hydropower generation, due to increase in habitats in the downstream areas, flood control is also considered as one of the important purpose of the project.

Flood forecasting of Krishnarajasagara dam is done by observing the rise in the water level of the river with respect to a gauge post established at the Chunchanakatte for Cauvery river, at Akkihebbal for Hemavathy river and at Hundavadi for Lakshmanatheertha river on the upstream side of the reservoir. By observing the hourly reservoir level, the flood is calculated and gates are operated accordingly to release the flood water and to maintain the safe water level in the reservoir. A gate operating schedule is prepared and sequence of opening and closing of the gates and methodology of regulation of flood is described in the gate operating schedule is followed.

Page | 76

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Page | 77

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

2.3 Operation of Vertical Surplus Sluice Gates of Krishnarajasagara Dam

Page | 78

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 79

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 80

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

2.3.1 Brief Description. GENERAL

Proper Maintenance of Hydraulic Gates and Hoists is very important for satisfactory operation of the Project and to achieve the envisaged benefits from the project. For systematic operation and maintenance of the gate and their operating equipment, it is very necessary that a comprehensive operation and Maintenance Manual which shall include the Design Features of various components, particulars of bought-out items, operation instructions, type of lubrication oil and grease to be used, Maintenance and Repairs is prepared for Hy- draulic Gates and the operating staff shall be made well conversant with them and trained for the job.

2.3.2 Vertical Sluice Gates – Technical Data BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIXED WHEEL GATE PARTS: (AA) EMBEDDED PARTS: ➢ SILL BEAM

Page | 81

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 • It is fabricated out of IS:2062 Quality Rolled Steel Joist with Stainless Steel Flat of quality IS:1570 on the top. The sealing surface of the beam is smooth and flush with concrete. ➢ ROLLER TRACK • It is fabricated “I” Section made out of IS:2062 quality Plates or Rolled Steel Joist with Stainless Steel of quality IS:1570 Part V on the top of the roller track. ➢ SIDE SEAL SEAT • It is fabricated out of MS Angles / MS Plates of quality IS:2062 with Stainless Steel of quality IS:1570 Part V on the top. The surfaces of these parts are so finished which will provide smooth surface and better sealing effect. ➢ TOP SEAL SEAT • It is fabricated out of MS Angles / MS Plates of quality IS:2062 with Stainless Steel of quality IS:1570 Part V on the top. The surfaces of these parts are so finished which will provide smooth surface and better sealing effect. ➢ SIDE GUIDE • It is fabricated made out of MS Plates of quality IS:2062 that it guides movement of the gate in groove and embedded with anchorage in the concrete. (BB) GATE PARTS ➢ SKIN PLATE • It is fabricated out MS Plates / MS Angles of quality IS:2062. It will be straight / vertical in shape. ➢ HORIZONTAL GIRDER • It is fabricated “I” Section / “T” Section out of MS Plates of quality IS:2062 (or) Rolled Steel Joist of IS:2062 quality. These will be suitable spaced and fixed on the skin plate so that the stresses are same in the girders. ➢ ROLLER ASSEMBLY • Rollers are made out of Cast Steel confirming to IS :1030 and Roller Pin are made out of IS:1570 Part V. Quality Rounds. Roller are fixed on Pins with Spher- ical Bearings along Cover Plates and “O” Rings to avoid entry of dust particles. The rollers will have less hardness than Track. ➢ LIFTING ARRANGEMENT • Suitable Hooks are provided on the gate top at its CG Line so that Lifting Beam Hook will lock with Pin and Lift the Gate. ➢ SIDE GUIDE SHOE • Side Guide Shoe are made out of MS Angles / Plates of IS:2062 quality Plate to suit to shape Guide provided in the Embedded Parts. These guides are provided at two ends of the gate to end boxes to avoid side movement. (CC) HOIST ➢ DRIVE UNIT • It consists of suitable Worm reducer for reduction in speed, pawl & ratchet arrangement for holding the gates, chains and sprockets, handle for manual operation.

Page | 82

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

➢ GEAR BOX • It consist of Rope Drum, Set of Pinion and Gear Wheels of quality Cast Steel confirming to IS:1030 to further reduce speed and are provided at both ends.

➢ LINE SHAFT • It connects both the gearboxes to the drive unit with Plummer block supports at suitable spacing. This is made of IS:2062.

➢ TRESTLES / HOIST SUPPORTING STRUCTURES • Hoist Structures are of quality IS:2062 with Handrails for easy movement of Operator and facilitate maintenance works. The hoist mechanism is mounted on Trestles made out of IS:2062 Structure Steel.

2. DESIGN DATA FOR GATE AND ROPE DRUM HOIST 3.(A) DESIGN DATA FOR GATE Sl.No Description Values Type of Gate Fixed Wheel type vertical gate u/s Skin 1 Plate and u/s Sealing 2 Size of Vent 3060mm X 6100mm 3 No. of Vents 16 4 Clear Width of Opening 3.06 M 5 Clear Height of Opening 6.10 M 6 No. of Gates 16 Set 7 No. of Units in one set 3 Unit 8 No. of Embedded Parts 16 9 Side Seal c/c 3160 mm 10 Track c/c 3630 mm 11 Sill to top Seal c/c 6200 mm 12 Sill level EL 738.84 M 80.00 Ft (2424’) 13 Top of Opening EL 744.94 M 14 FRL EL752.50M (2468.8’)124.80 Ft 15 HWL EL 127.00 Ft

16 Design Head FRL136.55 M=44.80 Ft HWL143.26M = 47.00 Ft 17 Top of Pier (Top of Dam) EL 754.08 M (2474’) 130.00 Ft 18 Permissible Stresses Embedded Parts Wet and Inaccessible Condition. GATE Wet and InaccessibleCondition.

19 Operation of Gate By Rope Drum Hoist of 20MT cap. 20 Dogging Level EL 754.08M 130.00 Ft Under

Page | 83

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 unbalanced condition.

3. (B) DESIGN DATA FOR ROPE DRUM HOIST Sl. Description Values 1.• Vent Size • 3.06 M X 6.10 M 2.• Capacity of Hoist • 20MT 3.• Type of Suspension • on CG of Gate. 4.• Speed of Hoist • 0.5 to 0.75mtr/min 5.• Max. Lift of Gate • 15.50M 6.• Location of Hoist • Mounted of Steel Bridge over Trestles 7.• No. of Drum • TWO 8.• Rope Drum Hoist Level • EL754.08+HoistBridge+Trestles =754.08+0.62+0.76=EL762.30M Hoist is mounted on Steel Trestles on each Pier of Sluice Gate Structure.

4.(A) MATERIAL FOR GATE AND EMBEDDED PARTS Sl. Description Values • Structural parts of Gate including• Skin plate, Stiffeners Horizontal Girders, Diaphragms, Track Base, Seal Base, End Box Plates, Seal Clamp, Guide Shoes, Structural Parts of Seal Seat base Guide/roller track, Sill beam, Anchor bolts etc., 1. • Structural Steel • IS:2062Gr.280-540. 2. • Wheel / Roller • Cast Steel

IS:1030 3. • Wheel Axle / Pin • Anti-Corrosive Steel IS:1570-V30 r 13 4. • Wheel Bearing • Spherical Roller SKF or Eqt 5. • Spacers for Pin • Structural Steel IS:2062 6. • Guide Shoe • Structural Steel

IS:2062 7. • Lifting Pin • Stainless Steel IS:1570-V Or 20 Cr 13 8. • Bushing • Bronze

Page | 84

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

IS:305 9. • Track Seal, Sill Beam, Side Seal• Structural Steel Base IS:2062 10. • Seals • Rubber PTFE Cladded

IS:11855 Music note type. Side & Top • • Bottom Plain Rubber wedge type IS:11855 11. • Roller Track Anti Corrosive Steel IS:1570-V Or 20 Cr 13

12. • Seal Seat • Stainless Steel IS:1570-V Or 04 Cr 19 Ni 9 13. • Seal Fasteners • Stainless Steel IS:1570-V Or 04 Cr 19 Ni 9

4.(B) MATERIAL FOR TRESTLES AND ROPE DRUM HOIST Sl. Description Values 1.• Structural Parts including Main• Structural Steel Girder, Trestles, Cross Girder, Chqd. Plates, Handrails, Covers. IS:2062 2.• Drum Wheels/Pulleys/ Gears• Cast Steel /Brake Drum.

IS:1030 • Gr.280-520 3.• Shafts / Pinions • Carbon Steel

IS:1570 Part II 45 C8. 4.• Pins • Corrosion Resistant

IS:1570 Part V 5.• Bearing /Housing • Standard make

SKF or Eqlnt. 6.• Motor • Standard make

KEC, GEC etc., 7.• Flange Coupling • Standard make

Page | 85

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 GEB,HI-CLIFF WMI etc., 8.• Wire Rope • Standard make

Usha Martin 9.• Brake • DC Electromagnetic

BCH /Emag.

4.(C) LIST OF BOUGHT OUT ITEMS

Item No. Description Qty 1 Worm Reducer, Size: 600, Reduction 70:1, Under 1 BOI Driven, Output Shaft extended both sides. 2 Single Phase Electromagnetic Brake Drum 1 BOI 150mm Dia. 3 Motor: 5 HP, 1000rpm, Foot mounted, Output 1 BOI Shaft Extended on both sides, 40% cdf, 83 duty (with 6 starts per Hr). 4 Rope Drum (PCD 480) 1+1 ----- 5 Drum Gear (t=85,m=10,pcd=850,fw=110) 2 ----- 6 First Gear (t=62,m=8,pcd=496,fw=70) 2 ----- 7 First Pinion(t=17,m=8,pcd=136,fw=80) 2 ----- 8 Second Pinion(t=20,m=10,pcd=200,fw=120) 2 ----- 9 Drum Shaft (90 Dia) 2 ----- 10 Second Pinion Shaft (65 Dia) 2 ----- 11 First Pinion Shaft (65 Dia) 2 ----- 12 Line Shaft + Couplings – 2 Nos 2 ----- 13 Hoist Supporting Structure 1 ----- 14 Gearbox Base Frame 1 + 1 ----- 15 Stool for Drive Unit 1 ----- 16 Plummer Block (SNA 517+2217K+H317) 2 BOI with No End Cover 17 Plummer Block (SNA 517+2217K+H317) 2 BOI With One end Cover 18 Plummer Block (SNA 512+2212K+H312) 2 BOI With No End Cover 19 Plummer Block (SNA 5112+2212K+H312) 2 BOI With One End Cover

Page | 86

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 20 Pulley (480 PCD) 1 ----- 21 Pulley (480 PCD) on GATE 2 ----- 22 Manual Operation 1 ----- 23 Position Indicator 1 ----- 24 Wire Rope 24mmDia, 6X36 Construction, 1 IS:2266 Fibre Core, min. Breaking Strength 336KN 25 Dog Clutch Arrangement 1 IS:2062 26 Cover for Gearbox + Drive Unit 2 + 1 IS:2062

4. LIST OF DRAWINGS

Sl. DESCRIPTION DRG. No. 1. Electrical Control Unit AMN/EC/NE/KRS-09 2. Dogging Beam Detail AMN/DG/NE/KRS-08 3. Manual Operation AMN/HA/NE/KRS-07-06 4. Dial Assembly AMN/HA/NE/KRS-07-05 5. Detail of Gears, Pinions, Shafts AMN/HA/NE/KRS-07-04 6. Rope Drum AMN/HA/NE/KRS-07-03 7. Gear Box Assembly cum Base Frame AMN/HA/NE/KRS/07-02 8. Drive Unit Assembly cum Base Frame AMN/HA/NE/KRS/07-01 9. Hoist Assembly (General) AMN/HA/NE/KRS-07 10. Platform and Handrails AMN/PH/NE/KRS-06 11. Hoist Bridge AMN/HB/NE/KRS-05 12. Detail of Cage Ladder AMN/TR/NE/KRS-04 (SHEET 2/2) 13. Trestles (Columns, Base Plate) AMN/TR/NE/KRS-04 (SHEET 1/2) 14. Roller Assembly AMN/RA/NE/KRS-03 15. Gate Detail AMN/GT/NE/KRS-02 (Sheet 2/2) 16. Gate Assembly AMN/GT/NE/KRS-02 (Sheet 1/2 ) 17. Embedded Parts Detail AMN/EP/NE/KRS-01 (Sheet 2/2) 18. Embedded Parts Assembly AMN/EP/NE/KRS-01 (Sheet 1/2 )

6. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

The following precautions are taken before Dry Testing the gates.

➢ Gate wheels, Gear wheels, Plummer blocks and Worm reducer are to be lubricated. Page | 87

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 ➢ Removal of Temporary Supports if any. ➢ Checking of left over welding if any Checking of tightness of the bolts and are to be tightened properly if they are in loose condition. ➢ The gates are to be inspected thoroughly for any projections, temporary. ➢ supports coming in the way f gate movement and are to be removed if any ➢ All the Rubber Seals are to be made wet before lowering the gate preferably with water to reduce friction, heat generated between seal and seal seat. ➢ Light Ray Pass test may be conducted for checking gap in between seal ➢ and seal seat. ➢ Operating personnel shall be properly trained and experienced so that, they can use their initiative and judgment based on their past experience for situation which may arise during operation. ➢ Day-to-day experience on operation and difficulties if any, encountered should be faith- fully recorded in the Log Book of Gates so as to be available for studying the behaviour of various structures and equipment. ➢ Detailed instruction for inspection and normal maintenance and repairs of gate installation should be given in the Operation & Maintenance manual ➢ However, for carrying out special repairs to gates if any, it is advisable to refer to manufacturer manual. ➢ Inspection and Maintenance experience are complied in the form of History Register of any installations so as to be useful for further. designs, investigations of any failure, improper and unusual operation in the gates. History Register maintained for the purpose.

7. MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE FOR VERTICAL LIFT FIXED WHEEL GATE

These gates are provided for controlling water discharge for flood control, water supply, irrigation and power generation, etc., The gate shall be thoroughly inspected for cracks, defects or damages periodically. A schedule of maintenance is proposed which may be adopted with Modification, if required, to suit site conditions and use of gate.

7.(A) MONTHLY MAINTENANCE

1. Rollers are to be greased through grease nipples, provided to rollers shaft by using grease gun. 2. Check Rollers rotation by hand for free rotation. 3. Seals and Seal seating shall be inspected for leakage when the water level is full Location of leakage points for taking remedial measures. 4. Excessive or wide spread leakages if any shall be reported to Engineer-in-charge and remedial measures like adjustment of eccentricity in the roller axle or providing of rubber packing in between Rubber Seal and Seal base. Further adjustment may be carried out during Annual Maintenance. 5. If a leakage is much excessive that immediate repair is considered and rubber seals are repaired or replaced.

7.(B) QUARTERLY MAINTENANCE

Page | 88

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1. The maintenance shall preferably be carried out once in three months but not less than thrice in a year including pre-monsoon and post monsoon maintenance. 2. All the Nuts & Bolts shall be checked for tightness. 3. Check all the welds for soundness and rectify defects if any. 4. Clean all drain holes wherever provided. 5. Check upstream face of skin plate for pitting, sealing and corrosion. Scale formation shall be removed by using wire brush, pitting shall be filled with weld and flush grind. Corroded surface shall be cleaned and painted. In case of gate not being raised every quarter, these can be carried out in Annual Maintenance. 6. The Roller Bearing/ Guide Rollers shall be lubricated for the rotation. 7. The seal shall be checked for damages, wear & tea, if damaged, shall be replaced. 8. The guide assemblies, wheel assemblies and sealing assemblies shall be cleared of grit, sand or any other foreign materials. 9. General cleaning is to be done for Hoist Components. 10. Lubrication is to be attended for Bearings of Gate Rollers, Hoist Pulleys and Pins provided in Hoist and Gates. 11. Rope Drum Shaft, Plummer Blocks, Line Shaft Plummer blocks. 12. Check tightness of all coupling bots of Motor to Worm Reducer and Line Shaft. If required they may be tightened.

7.(C) ANNUAL MAINTENANCE

The following additional checks or maintenance shall be carried out in addition to the checks mentioned under Quarterly Maintenance.

1. All the Embedded Parts are checked for defects/damages and shall be rectified wherever noticed. 2. The sill beam and guides shall be cleared for all grit, sand etc., 3. The wire ropes shall be checked for wear & tear if broken wires more than permissible or marked corrosion is noticed, the rope shall be replaced. The Table “A” shows up to which broken wires are allowed. 4. The wire rope shall be greased. 5. The guide roller pins shall be lubricated. 6. Check the condition of rubber seal. If damaged, replace the seals. 7. All bolts and nuts holding rubber seals shall be tightened. Adjust seal if leakages are found at local points. 8. Repainting of the gates shall be carried out at intervals to be decided on the basis of painting schedule of the gates. 9. The inspection, testing and maintenance of the Joist shall be carried out periodically. 10. Check Oil level in Gearbox/Worm reducer and replace wherever required with oil of proper grade.

8. AT EVERY THREE YEARS:

Page | 89

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

• In addition to checks mentioned under Annual, following will be carried; 1. Check Seals for damage and alignment. 2. Check Seal Bolts for damage. 3. Check for any damage to pulley and pin. 4. Check Bearings for damage. 5. Check Gears and Pinions for damages. 6. Check Plummer blocks for damages. 7. Check for any painting damages.

9.AT EVERY SIX YEARS

In addition to checks mentioned under Annual, following will be carried out;Check damaged / Cracked welds at

• Skin Plate Joints, • Splice Plate Joints, • Hoist Bridges, • Bracings. • Check Wheel Assemblies for • Any breakages, • Frozing, • Corrosion, • Misalignment. • Check Seal Seat, Seal Track, Side guide for • For any Welding Cracks, • Bents or loose bolts & nuts, • Cracks in the beddings of Worm Reducer, Rope Drum, etc.,

10.(A) LUBRICATION SCHEDULE

Parts to be Mode of Sl. Lubricant Frequency Lubricated Lubrication 1. Gate Wheel Bearings Pressure Grease Gun Servo Gear 20Or Once in three months Bearing Grease as per site condition. 2. Guide Shoe Pressure Grease Gun Grease Once in three months as per site condition. 3. Hoisting Wire Rope Hand Applied Servo Coat- Once in a year before 120 monsoon. Or Cardium Compound 4. Worm Reducer Oil bath. Servo HP-30 Indicator level to be maintained always. Page | 90

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 5. Gear Wheels Hand Applied Chassis Once in Six months as Grease per site condition. 6. Drum Shaft Pressure Grease Chassis Once in three months Gun Grease as per site condition. 7. Lifting Arrangement Hand Applied MP Grease Once in six months as per site condition before monsoon sets in 8. Hand Operation Hand Applied Servolin-140 Once in three months Mechanism & other as per site condition before relating parts monsoon sets in.

10.(B) CHART FOR MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE FOR GATES

At Every Quarterly At Every Year At Every 3 Years At Every 6 Years General cleanness In addition to Quar- In addition to Check welds for of Embedded Parts, terly Maintenance schedule yearly maintenance damage at Skin Plate Gate, Hoist Components the following are to be schedule the following Joints, Gate Stiffeners. checked are to be checked Check for Oil level Check for tightness of Check the condi- in Worm Reducer foundation bolts of Worm tion of Wire Rope, Pul- Reducer, Plummer blocks, leys, Sheaves, Gear Coupling joints. Wheels. Greasing of Pul- Check for Smooth Op- Check Gate Seals Check wheel as- leys, Pins, Rope Drum eration of Gate by raising & for damage. semblies for any Break- Hoist, Gear Wheels, lowering. ages, Fro zing. Hand Operation Shaft, Guide, Rollers, Gate wheels Wheels are to be Check Sill Beam, greased properly. Side Guide, Roller Track for damages, corrosion, pitting. Movement of wheels Check Hoist should be smooth & it Bridge foundation bolts can be rotated by hand. for tightening

11. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CHART OF DO’S &DON’T’S

S DO’S DON’T’S 11 Authorized/Technically qualified Unauthorized/Unqualified person personnel should be allowed for op- should not be allowed to operate eration gates. 22 Attend Maintenance during Maintenance works should not be at- Pre -Monsoon season. tend during rains. 33 Use proper tools for attending Improper tools not to be used for any

Page | 91

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 repairs/adjustment. repairs/adjustments. 44 Conduct DRY TEST before putting Do not operate without DRY TEST- into operation. ING. 55 Maintain cleanliness of hoist plat- Not to keep slippery material on hoist form. walkway. 66 Protect hoist gearbox and other Not to keep gearbox covers open af- parts from rain. ter daily maintenance. 77 Ensure wire rope tightness on either Not to operate when the wire rope is side equally before operating gate. slacked. 88 Ensure before operation that no Not to run the hoist if foreign mate- foreign material fall in the gear rial found in between teeth of gear teeth. wheels. 99 Check tightness of Plummer block, Do not operate gate if any bolts of drive unit shaft, coupling bolts. Plummer block and coupling bolts are found loose. 110 Ensure no foreign particles stuck up Not to advice to operate gates if for- in between roller and roller track and eign material found in between rollers rubber seals etc., and roller track and rubber seals etc., 111 Maintain oil as per level indicator in Not to operate gates with low oil level the gearbox. in gear box. 112 Check tightness of wire rope clamps Not to operate gate if wire rope before operation. clamps are found loose. 113 Operate gate only when grooves are Do not operate if there is any projec- clean without any obstruction. tion in the grooves which obstruct movement of gate.

Hydraulic Gates and Operating Equipment from an integral component of Dam’s Barrage and other Hydraulic Structures. Gate and Hoist equipment play an important role for Dam’s to control, regulate, discharge floods etc. It is essential that Hydro-Mechanical equipment are inspected periodically as suggested above and carries out Maintenance as a routine so that Hydro-Mechanical Equipment smoothly at all times to avoid loss. The Maintenance of gate is very important have longer life of gate.

It will be helpful if the gates are operated by technically qualified, trained persons and it reduces unnecessary repair and maintenance expenses.

Page | 92

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

Page | 93

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

.4 RIVER OUTLET WORKS.

.4.1 Description: Intake channel, intake structure, trash racks, closure method, upstream conveyance structure, gate chamber, downstream conveyance structure, control structure, stilling basin, exit channel, power sources, diversion during construction, bypass system).

2.4.1.1 RIVER SLUICE GATES: The Krishnarajasagara Dam is provided with 3 No’s of River Sluice Gates of size 1.83 M x 4.54 M is situated near the Visvesvaraya Canal Sluices on the left bank of the North Dam. They are commonly called as +50 sluices and discharge a maximum quantity of 11300 cusecs. Recently 3 Nos of +50’ level river sluice gates were replaced with fixed wheel type with hoist mechanism.

2.4.1.2 HEAD REGULATOR: Three vents of 1.83 meters (6 feet) by 3.66 meter (12 feet) with their sill at 18.29 meters (60 feet) above bed situated on the North Bank of the river to feed the North Bank High Level Canal known as the Visvesvaraya Canal which is designed to irrigate 77,193 hectares (1,90,753 acres) and also a Left Bank Low Level Channel commanding about 579 hectares (1430 acres). Recently 3 Nos of gates have been replaced with fixed wheel type with hoist. One vent of 1.83 meters (6 feet) by 2.44 meter (8 feet) at 18.29 meter (60 feet) above bed located at the South end of the Dam. The Right Bank Low Level Channel takes off from this vent emerging through a tunnel immediately below the entrance gate of the Dam. This channel is designed to irrigate an extent of 1533 hectares (3789 acres). RBLL irrigation sluices gates are worked independent of each other mechanically by crab winches.

2.4.2 Condition:

2.4.2.1 General: Above mentioned structures are in good conditions. Water has been released at downstream side when the water level depletes below crest level of +60’ through river sluices safely. The water is being let out through the irrigation sluice gates of RBLL & VC canal for irrigation purpose. Both the Head Works are commissioned and water is being let out to canals & is working satisfactorily.

2.4.2.2 Deficiencies and problems. No deficiencies are noticed since commissioning.

2.4.2.3 Potential problems. No potential problems have come across.

Page | 94

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 2.4.3 Historical Events. (Maximum releases to date, modifications, damage reports, examinations, etc,).

Visvesvaraya Canal Right Bank

(Left Bank Canal) Low Level Canal a) Length ( Km) 45.6 30.4 b) Capacity ( cumecs) 9.19 5.5 c) Area irrigated / contemplated 77,352 1095 in hectares

The details of length of canals, discharge and area contemplated for major canals under Krishnarajasagara Dam is narrated below.

Krishna Raja Sagar (KRS)

Irrigation system details

Length Discharge Distributar- Command Area Sl.No. Canal Name Off-take point in Km in Cusecs ies/DPOnos in Ha

Right Bank Low Level Canal 1 (RB LLC) 30.4 Dam (right bank) 200 7 1,095

Left Bank Low Level Canal 2 (LB LLC) 20.8 Dam (left bank) 60 - 594 VC Canal - Visweswaraya Ca- 3 nal 45.6 Dam (left bank) 3,060 21 79,352 4 Link Canal 27 36.905 km of VC 800 12 5,250 5 CBC - Cauvery Branch Canal 39.15 44.6 km of VC 350 29 24,512 OMBC - Old Maddur Branch 6 Canal 20.4 45.6 km of VC 1,209 13 4,124

7 SBC - Shimsa Branch Canal 28.7 11.7 km of OMBC 325 31 22,538

8 Keragodu Branch Canal 35.953 20.4 km of OMBC 380 31 20,500

NMBC - New Maddur 9 Branch Canal 14.695 20.4 km of OMBC 545 20 10,185

NMBC Extension Canal - 14.69 km of 10 NMBCE 20.307 NMBC - 41 4,805 11 Kowdly Sub-Branch Canal 17.28 28.7 km of SBC - - - 12 Lokasare Branch Canal 27 36.66 km of CBC 126 19 7,748 TBC - Thuraganur Branch 13 Canal 25.6 39.15 km of CBC 350 24 11,077

14 Ukkalagere Branch Canal 9.6 1.80 km of TBC - -

Page | 95

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 TBEC -Thuraganur Branch 15 Extension Canal 9.6 22.07 km of TBC 63 10 2,269

16 BGPC - B.G. Pura Canal 13 22.07 km of TBC 130 16 8,000

17 Halwara Branch Canal 3 9.6 km of TBEC - 6 2,357

BGPEC - B.G. Pura Exten- 18 sion Canal 7.75 13.0 km of BGPC 72 4 2,656

19 BG Pura Branch Canal 9 7.75 of BGPEC 28 2 1,850

20 Kunduru Branch Canal 3 7.75 of BGPEC 25 5 2,090

HBC - Hebbakavadi Branch 21 Canal 30.5 xx.x of CBC 462 25 14,073

22 Nidaghatta Branch Canal 15.5 5 km of HBC 110 19 6,625

Pick-up - Hebbala-Chennaiah Mandya-KM 23 Canal 48 Doddi 396 35 19,597

Total = 501.83 370 251,297

Main Canal = 96.8 kms

Branch Canals = 330.065 kms

Link Canal = 27 kms

Pick-up Canal = 48 kms

2.4.4 Operation:

2.4.4.1 General Water has been released at downstream side when the water level depletes below crest level of +60’ through river sluices safely. The water is being let out through the irrigation sluice gates for RBLL&V.C canals for irrigation purpose.Water is being let out to canals & working satisfactorily.

2.4.4.2 Restrictions: There are no restrictions for operation of Surplus sluice gates and irrigation sluice gates as per water requirements through ICC meeting from District administration. But out of 152 surplus sluice gates 80 gates are not working but these gates replacement work under DRIP is under progress and soon it wil be replaced with new gates. 2.4.4.3Mechanical: River Sluice Gates and Irrigation Sluice Gates are operated by electrical power and incase of power failure, these gates can be operated through generators.

Page | 96

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 2.5 POWER OUTLETS

2.5.1 Description (Intake structures, trash racks, closure method, penstocks, turbines, tailrace, exit channel, etc.) Krishnarajasagara Dam Power House is situated at Auxillary of Krishnarajasagara Dam on the left bank of the river Cauvery. Following are the Power outlets details.

ATRIA BRINDAVAN POWER LIMITED Statement Showing the Details of the Mini Hydel Schemes at Cauvery Basin

Sl No Particulars Existing/Running Schemes Proposed Schemes

Name of the schemes Brindavan Mini Brindavan Tail Race VISWESWARAIAH- Hydel Scheme Mini Hydel Scheme HANUMANAHALLA Mini Hydel Scheme 1 Location of the Mini Hydel

Scheme Mandya Mandya District Pandavapura Mandya Pandavapura Taluk 12 25’ 00”N Pandavapura 12 25’ 00”N Latitude 763300 E 763300 E Longitude 2 Source of water for MHS KRS Dam,Cauvery KRS Dam,Cauvery KRS Dam,Cauvery River River River

3 Quantity of Water for MHS 114 Cumecs 28 Cumecs 86 Cumecs

4 Power generation from MHS 12 MW 4 MW 20MW

5 Details of storage in the MHS NA( Run of the NA( Run of the NA( Run of the River) River) River) 6 Salient features of the MHS Enclosed Enclosed Enclosed Annexure -A Annexure -B Annexure -C below below below

Page | 97

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Annexure –A BRINDAVAN MINI HYDEL SCHEME SALIENT FEATURE 1. LOCATION: State : Karnataka District : Mandya Taluk : Pandavapura Village : Near kannambadi Latitudes : 12 25’ 0 North Longitudes : 76 33’ 0 East

2. HYDROLOGY: Source of water : KRS Dam, Cauvery River Design Discharge : 114 Cumecs Net rated head : 13 m Full Reservoir Level : 752.25 m

3. APPROACH CHANNEL: Type : Trapezoidal Length : 230m Bed Level : EL 736 00m Bed Width : 9.00m Full Reservoir level : 752.25m Side slopes In rock : 0.25: 1 In Soil : 1:1

4. INTAKE GATES: Type : Fixed Wheel, Vertical lift gate Total no of gates : 2 Size of gates : 5.74 x 5.77 m Type of hoisting : Double acting Hydraulic cylinder in- verted mounted

5. PENSTOCK: Length : 60.0m Diameter : 3.5m

Page | 98

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Material : Steel

6. POWER HOUSE:

Size of power house : 22 x 65 m Unit type : Vertical Full Kaplan No of Units : 2 Installed Capacity : 2 x 6 MW = 12MW

7. DRAFT TUBE GATES:

Type : Vertical lift type Total no of gates : 2 Size of gates : 5 .74 x 3.99 m Type of Hoisting : Rope drum hoist

8. TAILRACE CHANNEL: Type : Trapezoidal Length : 100m Tail water level : 737.10

9. GENERATING UNITS: 9.1.TURBINE: Type : ‘S’ Type tubular full Kaplan Shaft : Horizontal Rated Head : 12m Rated Speed : 185Rpm 9.2.GENERATOR:

Type : WD195- Synchronous Rated Speed : 750 Rpm Designed overloading : 10%

Page | 99

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Annexure –B

BRINDAVAN TAIL RACE MINI HYDEL SCHEME

SALIENT FEATURES

1. LOCATION : State : Karnataka District : Mandya Taluk : Pandavapura Village : Near kannambadi Latitudes : 12 25’ 0 Longitudes : 76 33’ 0East 2.HYDROLOGY: • Source of water : KRS Dam, Cauvery River • Design Discharge : 28 Cumecs • Gross head : 18 m • Net rated head : 18 m • Full Reservoir Level : 752.25 m

1. INTAKE GATES:

• Type : Vertical lift gate • Total no of gates : 1 • Size of gates : 3.3 x 3.2 m • Type of hoisting : Rope Drum Hoist

Page | 100

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

4.COMMON PENSTOCK: • Length : 50.0m • Diameter : 3.0m • Material : Steel 5. INDIVIDUAL PENSTOCK: • Length : 20 m • Diameter : 2.1m • Material : Steel

6.POWER HOUSE:

Size of power house : 15.52 x 22.4 m Unit type : Horizontal Full Kaplan No of Units : 2 Installed Capacity : 2 x 2 MW = 4 MW

3 DRAFT TUBE GATES:

Type : Vertical lift type Total no of gates : 2 Size of gates : 4.25 x 2.5 m Type of Hoisting : Rope drum hoist

4 TAILRACE CHANNE:

Type : Trapezoidal Length : 35 m Bed width : 16.25 m 9.GENERATING UNITS 9.1.TURBINE: Type : Horizontal ‘S’ Type tubular full Kaplan Shaft : Horizontal Rated Head : 18 m

Page | 101

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Rated Speed : 333.3 Rpm

9.2. GENERATOR

Type : Synchronous Rated Speed : 750 Rpm Designed overloading : 15%

Annexure -C

VISWESWARAIAH – HANUMANAHALLA MINI HYDEL SCHEME SALIENT FEATURES

1. LOCATION :

State : Karnataka District : Mandya Taluk : Pandavapura Village : Near kannambadi Latitudes : 12 25’ 50” North Longitudes : 76 34’55” East 2.HYDROLOGY: Source of water : KRS Dam, Cauvery River Design Discharge : 86.0 Cumecs Gross head : 34.25 m Net rated head : 28.0 m 3.APPROACH CHANNEL: Type : Trapezoidal Length : 20m Bed Level : EL 739. 00m Bed Width : 12.00m Full Reservoir level : 752.25m Side slopes: Page | 102

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 In rock : 0.25: 1 In Soil : 1:1

2. UP STREAM TRANSITION/INTAKE: Length : 48 m Type of gate : Vertical lift gate Total no of gates : 2 Size : 5.6 x 5.6 m

5.TUNNEL: Shape : D shape Diameter : 6.0 m Max Discharge : 100 Cumecs Velocity : 3.12 m/sec Length : 260 m Bed slope : 1 in 100

6.SURGE TANK:

Type : RCC Diameter : 15 m FRL : 752.25 m Max Surge Level : 756 m Height of Surge Tank : 38 m

7.PENSTOCK: 7.1.Main penstock:

Length : 30.0m Diameter : 6.0 m Material : Steel Max Discharge : 86 Cumecs

Page | 103

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 7.2.Branch Penstock: Diameter : 4 m Length : 15 m Max Discharge : 50 cumecs

8.POWER HOUSE: Type of Power house : Surface Size of power house : 20 x 24 m Unit type : Vertical Kaplan No of Units : 2 Installed Capacity : 2 x 10 MW = 20 MW

9. DRAFT TUBE GATES: Type : Vertical lift type Total no of gates : 2 Size of gates : 5.6 x 4.0 mm Type of Hoisting : Rope drum hoist

10.TAILRACE POOL/ CHANNEL Type : Trapezoidal Length : 85 m Tail water level : 718m Max Discharge : 100 Cumecs • 11.GENERATING UNITS 11.1.TURBIN:

Type : Vertical Kaplan Turbine Shaft : Vertical Rated Head : 28m Rated Speed : 1000 Rpm

Page | 104

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 11.2.GENERATOR:

Type : Synchronous Rated Speed : 1000 Rpm

2.5.2 ACCESS ROADS 2.5.2.1 Description(Type of road, length, bridges, maintaining agency, etc.) Type of road: Asphalt road. Length: 2.62 km Bridges: Downstream Bridge 660 M. Maintaining agency: Maintaining departmentally. 2.5.2.2 Condition: 2.5.2.3 General: Road is in good condition

2.5.2.4 Deficiencies and problems: Rehabilitation work is under progress; after work is completed it proposed to resurface the road on top of the dam.

2.5.2 Record Keeping Operating a dam includes keeping accurate records of items pertaining to project operation. These include but not limited to the following:- 1. Rainfall and Reservoir Levels – On daily basis during non-monsoon and on hourly basis during monsoon. 2. Release through outlet/sluices on daily basis for irrigation, water supply, hydropower etc. 3. Outflows through spillway during monsoon on hourly basis. 4. Records of drawdown with reservoir levels, quantity of water released, drawdown rates, reason for drawdown. 5. Other Procedures – Maintain a complete record of all operating procedures for gates, sluices and remote control operating system.

Page | 105

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

CHAPTER 3 - PROJECT INSPECTIONS

The current practice of Inspection at Krishnarajasagara Dam envisages the Subdivision Officers to carryout pre-monsoon and post-monsoon inspections. The checklist Performa (Table XX)included in this chapter is currently in use at Krishnarajasagara Dam. Detailed description on project inspections is available in the Guideline for Safety Inspec- tion of dams (Doc No. CDSO_GUD_DS_07_ v1.0), CWC 2018 (https://damsafety.in/ ecmincludes/PDFs/Guidelines_for_Safety_Inspection_of_Dams.pdf). However an overview of the various types of inspections to be carried out at Krishnarajasagara Dam is given below. Note that for uploading Inspection Data into DHARMA, the Inspection Instructions & Forms given in the aforementioned Guideline for Safety Inspection of Dams must be used (see Appendix 5).An effective inspection program is essential toidentify problems and to keep Krishnarajasagara Dam in a good and healthy condition. This Chapter provides guidance on carrying out other inspections. 3.1 Types of Inspections

Four different types of dam safety inspections are being carried out at Krishnarajasagara Dam. These include, but not limited, to the following:

1. Comprehensive evaluation inspections

2. Scheduled inspections (Pre & Post monsoon inspections & other scheduled inspections)

3. Special (unscheduled) inspections

4. Informal inspections

The frequency of each type of inspection depends on the condition of the dam and State DSO regulations, etc.

Typical inspection elements and the detail of the safety inspections are provided below. More detailed descriptions are given in the ‘Guideline for Safety Inspection of Dams’ (CWC 2018). A checklist has been modified from the guideline to fit Krishnarajasagararequirements and is found in Appendix 5. This comphrehensive checklist allows for recording the status of each item being inspected and the overall condition of the equipment along with any consequential risks the condition may have on the health of the dam.

3.1.1 Comprehensive Evaluation Inspections

For comprehensive dam safety evaluation an independent panel of experts known as Dam Safety Review Panel (DSRP) needs to be constituted for determining the condition of the dam and appurtenant works. The panel will undertake evaluation of the dam once in 10 years or on occurrence of any extreme hydrological or seismic event or any unusual condition of the dam or in the reservoir rim. The terms of reference of the comprehensive dam safety evaluation shall include but not be limited to;

Page | 106

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 1. General assessment of hydrologic and hydraulic conditions, review of design flood, flood routing for revised design flood and mitigation measures. • Review and analysis of available data of dam design including seismic safety, construction, operation maintenance and performance of dam structure and appurtenant works. • Evaluation of procedures for operation, maintenance and inspection of dam and to suggest improvements / modifications. • Evaluation of any possible hazardous threat to the dam structure such as dam abutment slope stability failure or slope failures along the reservoir periphery. A comprehensive evaluation inspection of Krishnarajasagaraconsists of five major parts:

1. Review of project records (i.e. study of all design / construction records/drawings, history of the dam’s performance, past inspection notes/reports, notes on distress observed/ any rehabilitation measures undertaken earlier, instrumentation data and its interpretation including .

2. Inspection of the dam and its appurtenant works.

3. To review the results and reports of additional field investigations & laboratory testing as required.

4. Review of design studies e.g. review of design flood, checking of the adequacy of spillway capacity, freeboard requirements, dam stability , any special study as required.

5. Preparation of a detailed report of the inspection.

3.1.2 Scheduled Inspections Scheduled inspections shall consist of Pre-monsoon & Post-monsoon inspection and any other inspections carried out by the State Dam Safety Organisation / any Expert panels constituted by the dam owner.

These inspections are performed to gather information on the current condition of the dam and its appurtenant works. This information is then used to establish needed repairs and repair schedules, and to assess the safety and operational adequacy of the dam. Scheduled inspections are also performed to evaluate previous repairs.

The purpose of scheduled inspections is to keep the dam and its appurtenant structures in good operating condition and to maintain a safe structure. As such, these inspections and timely maintenance will minimize long-term costs and will extend the life of the dam. Scheduled inspections are performed more frequently than comprehensive evaluation inspections to detect at an early stage any developments that may be detrimental to the dam. These inspections involve assessing operational capability as well as structural stability and detection of any problems and to correct them before the conditions worsen. The field examinations should be made by the personnel assigned responsibility for monitoring the safety of the dam. If the dam or appurtenant works have instrumentation, the individual responsible for monitoring should analyze measurements as they are received and include an evaluation of that data.

Page | 107

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Dam Inspection Report or an inspection brief should be prepared following the field visit (Dam Inspection Report is recommended).

Scheduled inspections include the following four components as a minimum:

• File review of past inspection reports, monitoring data, photographs, maintenance records, or other pertinent data as may be required;

• Visual inspection of the dam and its appurtenant works;

• Preparation of a report or inspection brief, with relevant documentation and photographs. The report should be filed in the dam owner’s project files.

3.1.3 Special (Unscheduled) Inspections Special inspections may need to be performed to resolve specific concerns or conditions at the site on an unscheduled basis. Special inspections are not regularly scheduled activities, but are usually made before or immediately after the dam or appurtenant works have been subjected to unusual events or conditions, such as an unusually high flood or a significant earthquake. These inspections are to be carried out after an initial assessment based on informal inspection carried out by project personnel reveal dam safety related concerns like cracking in the dam, damages, erosion/ scour, undermining/ piping/ sink holes/ liquefaction or any such undesirable feature. A special inspection may also be performed during an emergency, such as an impending dam breach, to evaluate specific areas or concerns. They are also made when the ongoing surveillance program identifies a condition or a trend that appears to warrant a special evaluation. Special inspections should focus on those dam components that are affected by the unusual event and should include at least three elements: 1) review of relevant files or data, 2) visual inspection, and 3) report preparation.

More detailed site investigations / studies may be required (such as drilling, surveys, or seepage flow estimates) if the special inspection reveals the need for the same. Photographic documentation is to be included as part of the inspection.

Japan Water Agency (JWA) has developed a system of carrying out inspections after an earthquake event for Ichari Dam, Uttarakhand. For details refer “Inspection Manual for Dam Field Engineers after Seismic Events, Ichari Dam, Uttarakhand (CDSO_GUD_DS_0_v1.0, September 2017). The manual is available at the following link:https://damsafety.in/ecmincludes/PDFs/Inspection_Manual_for_Dam_Field_E ngineers_After_Seismic_Events.pdf.

3.1.4 Informal Inspections The last type of inspection, an informal inspection, is a continuing effort by on- site personnel (dam owners/operators and maintenance personnel) performed during their routine duties. Informal inspections are critical to the proper operation and maintenance of the dam. They consist of frequent observations of the general appearance and functioning of the dam and appurtenant structures.

Page | 108

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Operators, maintenance crews, or other staff who are posted at Krishnaraja sagara Dam site conduct informal inspections. These people are the “first-line of defense” in assuring safe dam conditions, and it is their responsibility to be familiar with all aspects of the dam. Their vigilance in walking the dam, checking the operating equipment, and noting changes in conditions may prevent serious mishaps or even dam failures.

Informal inspections are important and are performed at every available opportunity. These inspections may only cover one or two dam components as the occasion presents itself, or they may cover the entire dam and its appurtenant structures. The informal inspections are not as detailed as comprehensive evaluation, scheduled, and special inspections and will only require that a formal report is submitted to the dam owner’s project files if a condition is detected that might endanger the dam. Report is to be submitted detailing the condition discovered along with photographs, time, reswervoir water level (RWL), etc.

3.2 Pre- and Post-Monsoon Checklistand Example of ReportProformas

Detailed checklists are required to ensure the health of the demand continues to operates in satisfactory and safe condition. Details of the inspection must be in alignment with the DHARMA approved checklist attached to this document (see Appendix 5).

Page | 109

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Table XX: PRO-FORMA FOR PERIODICAL INSPECTION OF LARGE DAMS GENERAL Date of Inspection: ______Sl. Item of Inspection Remarks No. 1 1a 1b 2 3 1. Name of project KRISHNARAJASAGARA 2. Purpose of Project Multi-Purpose 3. Name of Dam KRISHNARAJASAGARA DAM. 4. Year of Completion 1931 5. First filling (years / levels) 1933 6. Benefits accrued: a) Irrigation Irrigation b) Water Supply Water Supply c) Power Power d) Other benefits Tourism , fisheries etc.,

7. Important Controlling Levels ( in meters)

a) Top of dam 754.32 M (2474.8 ft) b) Maximum Water Level 752.48 M(2468.77ft) c) Full Reservoir Level 752.48 M(2468.77ft) d) Sill level of Irrigation sluices 732.74 M(2404.00ft) e) Sill level of scouring sluices 714.45 M (Plugged) (2344.00ft) 738.84 M (+80’), 745.85 M(+103’), f) Surplus Sluice crest level 746.76M(+106’)&749.206 M(+114’). g) Minimum draw down level 732.74 M(2403.90ft) h) Lowest river bed level 714.45 M(2344.00ft) i) Deepest foundation level 709.66 M(2328.28ft)

a) Dead Storage Capacity 4.401 TMC b) Area of foreshore at F.R.L 129.94 sqkm

Page | 110

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Design flood adopted PMF-17010 Cumecs revised design c) (PMF / SPF / Any other) flood approved by CWC. Give relevant magnitude Design spillway discharge capacity d) 9910 Cumecs 152 vertical Gates. and type of spillway Vertical Gates, 152 numbers +80’(16 Nos)=3.00 M X 6.00 M Type, number and size of spillway e) +103’(48 Nos)=2.44 M X 3.00 M gates. +114’(48 Nos)=3.00 M X 3.00 M +106’(48 Nos)=2.66 M X 3.66 M Location, sill level and capacity of low River Sluice SILL +60’ -3 Nos - 1.83 f) level outlets and scouring sluices. M X 4.54 M 11,385 cusecs. g) Height of the dam in meters. i) above deepest foundation 44.66 M ii) Above lowest river bed 39.87 M h) Gross storages capacity in million cubic meters i) At F.R.L. 1400.00 M.Cum (49.452TMC) ii) At M.W.L 1400.00 M.Cum (49.452 TMC) i) Length of the dam (at crest) in meters. 2620.00Mtr. 1) Shri, Chief Engineer, CNNL, Irri- gation(S) Zone, Mysuru. Name and designation of the inspecting of- 2)Shri. Superintending Engineer, 9. ficer CNNL, M&MIP Circle, Mandya. 3)Executive Engineer, CNNL, KRS Division, Krishnarajasagara Date of inspection and the corresponding 10. reservoir water level.

1) Shri, Chief Engineer, CNNL, Irrigation(S) Date of Inspection :

Zone, Mysuru. Reservoir Level: M

2) Shri. Superintending Engineer, CNNL, Date of Inspection :

M&MIP Circle, Mandya. Reservoir Level: M 3) Executive Engineer, CNNL, KRS Divi- Date of Inspection : Reservoir

sion, Krishnarajasagara. Level: M

Page | 111

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Maximum: M ______

Maximum and minimum water levels Dt: ______11. reached during the last season with dates Minimum: M______Dt: ______

Maximum overflow during preceding mon- Max. outflow : cusecs ______12. soon with dates. Dt: ______: . History of past distress, if any, and brief de- 13. tails of remedial measures carried out. Does the officer-in-charge of the operation 14. and maintenance of dam possess all the records as given in the Annexure-I. When and by whom the dam was inspected 15. ------immediately preceding this inspection? Are the items pointed out during the last in- 16. spection properly attended to? ------(If not state deficiencies yet to be corrected).

Page | 112

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

REVISED PRO-FORMAT FOR HEALTH STATUS REPORT OF LARGE DAMS (Keeping in view CWC letter No. 627-56 dt. 28-08-2002)

Sl. Items of the Reply No. “Health Status Report”

1 Name of Dam Krishnarajasagara Dam

Sl. No. in the National Register of Large Project Identification Code PIC 2 Dam KA06HH0200

3 Dam features

a) Date of Completion Oct 1931.

Location

b) i) Longitude 760 ’34’ 30” E

ii) Latitude 120 25’ 30” N

44.46Mtr. above the lowest founda- c) Height of Dam tion Gross Capacity 49.452TMC (3.486 TMCUM) d) (Gated/Un gated) Whether the Dam is provided e) NO with Drainage Gallery or not. Type of Dam: Masonry Dam: Over Flow Section Vertical Gates, 152 numbers & length 500 M +80’(16 Nos)=3.00 M X 6.00 M 4 Main Component of Dam +103’(48 Nos)=2.44 M X 3.00 M +114’(48 Nos)=3.00 M X 3.00 M +106’(48 Nos)=2.66 M X 3.66 M Remaining Length of Masonry non-overflow Dam- 2120mtr.

Page | 113

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

5 Date of Inspection

Chief Engineer, CNNL, Irriga- 6 Inspecting Officer tion(S) Zone, Mysuru

7 Observations/Significant Deficiencies Noticed

I Inadequate Spillway.

II Inadequate free-board

Cracks in Masonry / Concrete / III Earth Dam Masonry/concrete dams a) and Structural cracking in b) earth dams

IV Inadequate

a) Flood forecasting system

b) Flood warning system

c) Communication

V Excessive seepage through,

a) Drainage holes

b) Porous pipes

c) Downstream face of dam NIL

d) Downstream area etc. NIL

Page | 114

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Development of high up- e) lift pressure

VI Excessive leaching

VII Choking of porous drains.

VIII Choking of drainage holes

IX Mal-operation of gates

Non-availability of standby/ al- X ternative source of power Structural Review indicating ten- XI sion on the upstream face of dam

Non-availability of Emergency XII Action Plan.

8 Performance of Dam Based on Instruments installed in the dam (Water Level Recorder, V-notch, etc.,) Of Meteorological Instruments installed in the catchment area and reservoirs of Dams.

Is the hydraulic performance in agree-

ment with the results of model studies?

Any other issue / issues pertaining to performance of dam which the Engi-

neer-in-Chief / Chief Engineer in- charge of dam desires to include.

9 Remedial Measures Suggested.

10 Remarks

11 Action Taken Report.

Page | 115

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Assistant Exe Engineer, Executive Engineer, Superintending Engineer CNNL, NO 1 (M) Sub- CNNL, KRS Division, Krishnara- CNNL, M&MIP Circle, DivisionK.R.Sagara. jasagara Mandya.

Certified that the Health Status Report of KRISHNARAJASAGARA DAM is furnished after a thorough review of the same by the technical wing of the zone (this has reference to para 18.3.5 of the Proceedings of 18th meeting of SLDSC). Chief Engineer CNNL, Irrigation(S) Zone, Mysuru.

Page | 116

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

Page | 117

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

APPENDIX-1 Performance of Dam Instruments

Sl. Name of Dam Name of Instrument No. of Instru- Performance Status of data Analysis Remarks No. with location ments

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Separate Sheets Enclosed. (Vide Annexure-1 )

Asst Exe Engineer, Executive Engineer Superintending Engineer Engineer-in-Chief / Chief Engi- in-charge of dam in-charge of dam. in-charge of dam neer in-charge of dam

APPENDIX-2 Performance of Meteorological Instruments pertaining to Large Dams in Karnataka

Sl. Name of Dam with No. of In- Status of data Name of Instrument Performance Remarks No. location struments Analysis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Details to be furnished by WRDO Bangalore.

Page | 118

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Engineer-in-Chief, Water Resources Development Organization, Bangalore.

APPENDIX-3 Categorisationof Deficiencies (Keeping in view CWC letter No. 627-56 dt. 28-08-2002)

Category No.* Criteria for categorization

Category No. (1) Dams with major deficiency which may lead to dam failure

Category No. (2) Dams with rectifiable deficiency which needs immediate attention.

Dams with minor / no deficiencies has been noticed. Category No. (3)

* Category Number is to be furnished in the ‘remarks’ column of the Health Status Report.

Page | 119

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

CHAPTER 4 - PROJECT MAINTENANCE

A good maintenance program protects Krishnaraja sagara Dam against accelerating deterioration, prolongs its life, and greatly reduce the chance of failure. Nearly all the components of Krishnaraja sagara Dam and its materials are susceptible to damage and deterioration if not well maintained. Moreover, the cost of a proper maintenance program is small compared to the costs of major repairs, loss of life and property and litigation. Preventative maintenance not only protects the dam and its owner but the public as well. If maintenance of a dam is neglected the consequences and costs will multiply. Preventive maintenance assures that a dam and reservoir are in good working condition and prevents more harmful conditions from developing. Individual maintenance tasks are noted, with a description of the area where the maintenance is to be performed, the schedule for performing the tasks, and reporting procedures. Typical routine maintenance tasks performed includes mowing grass, removing vegetation, bushes and trees, removing litter and other debris, re-grading the crest and/or access roads, repairing fencing to keep livestock off the dam, etc. Other maintenance works that need to be performed on the embankment includes restoration of embankment to its design section, seepage problems, erosion, displaced riprap, cracking in embankment etc. In concrete / masonry dams there may be issues like cracking and disintegration in concrete, choking of drainage holes in dam body/ foundation, damages to spillway glacis/piers/energy dissipaters due to abrasion/ cavitation/unsymmetrical flows, damages to pointing on upstream & downstream faces of masonry dams, heavy seepages through some drains in foundation/inspection galleries etc.

A basic maintenance program has been developed primarily based on systematic and frequent inspections.

4.1 Maintenance Priorities

For Krishnaraja sagara Dam, maintenance activities require to be prioriitized as immediate maintenance or preventative maintenance.

4.1.1 Immediate Maintenance The following conditions are critical and call for immediate attention & reservoir lowering, if warranted. These conditions may include, but are not limited to:

• The dam is about to be overtopped or being overtopped during high flood.

• The dam is about to be breached by erosion, slope failure etc.

• The dam showing signs of piping or internal erosion indicated by increasingly cloudy seepage or other symptoms. Page | 120

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

• The spillway being blocked or with some inoperable gates.

• Evidence of excessive seepage appearing anywhere on the dam site,e.g.,the Embankment becomes saturated, defective water stops, etc., and seepage exiting on the downstream face is increasing in volume.

Although the remedy for some critical problems may be obvious (such as clearing a blocked spillway or repairing the spillway gates so that they are in working condition), the problems listed above generally demand the services of experienced engineers/expert panels familiar with the design, construction and maintenance of dams. The emergency action plan (EAP) should be activated when any of the above conditions are noted.Note also that the “blue” conditions of the EAP are also applicable during controlled release of floods through the spillway.

4.1.2 Preventive Maintenance This can be further classified as Condition based Maintenance and Routine Maintenance.

4.1.2.1 Condition Based Maintenance The following maintenance should be completed as soon as possible after the defective condition is noted. These includes but are not limited to: ✓ Remove all vegetation and bushes from the dam and restoring any eroded areas and to establish a good grass cover. ✓ Fill animal burrows. ✓ Restore and reseed eroded areas and gullies on embankment. ✓ Repair of defective gates, valves, and other hydro-mechanical equipment. ✓ Repair any concrete or metal components that have deteriorated. ✓ Cleaning of the choked drainage holes in the dam body/ foundations in concrete / masonry dams. ✓ Repair any damages on spillway glacis, piers, energy dissipaters, training/divide walls, downstream areas etc. ✓ Repairs on the upstream face of masonry dams, in case the pointing is damaged, due to which there is increased seepage. ✓ Controlling any heavy seepage in the foundation/ inspection galleries in Concrete/Masonry dams from drainage holes. ✓ Repairs of any cracks/cavities/joints in concrete/masonry dams/structures. ✓ However many of these works will require the services of experienced engineers/expert panels. 4.1.2.2 Routine Maintenance ✓ Several tasks should be performed on a continuous basis. These include but are not limited to the following: ✓ Routine mowing, restore and reseed eroded areas and gullies on downstream face of the left flank embankment and general maintenance including repairs/cleaning of surface drains on downstream face and in the downstream area.

Page | 121

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

✓ Maintenance and treatment of any cracks/joints/ cavities in Concrete/Masonry dams and spillways based on the recommendations of experienced engineers / expert panels. ✓ Observation of any springs or seepage areas, comparing quantity and quality (clarity) with prior observations in the embankment. ✓ Monitoring of downstream development which could have an impact on the dam and its hazard category. ✓ Maintenance of Electrical & Hydro-Mechanical equipment and systems e. g. Servicing of spillway gates & stop logs, hoisting arrangements, gantry crane, gates/hoist of outlet works/sluices & stand by generator. ✓ Maintaining proper lighting at dam top, galleries, etc. ✓ Monitoring of seepage in galleries. ✓ Monitoring/ cleaning & removal of leached deposits in porous concrete / formed drains in dam body and foundation drainage holes. ✓ Maintenance of all dam roads & access roads. ✓ Operation of electrical and mechanical equipment and systems including exercising gates & valves. ✓ To keep the gate slots clear of silt/debris. ✓ Maintenance/testing of monitoring equipment (instruments) and safety alarms. ✓ Testing of security equipment. ✓ Testing of communication equipment. ✓ Any other maintenance considered necessary.

4.2Procedures for Routine Maintenance

✓ The O&M Manual includes detailed instructions and schedules for performing periodic maintenance works at the site. This include maintenance of the dam, the appurtenant works, and the reservoir areas. Methodology / Specifications for carrying out maintenance works of general & recurring nature should be included in the Manual. ✓ Dam repairs are scheduled based on severity of the problem, available resources, and weather conditions. For example, if a severe settlement problem (more than envisaged in designs) or cracking is detected on the crest of the dam, it should have a high priority since further degradation could lead to dam breaching. The causes of all major issues / problems should be identified and evaluated by experienced engineers/ Expert Panels so that appropriate remedial measures can be finalized. Correcting minor rill erosion on the downstream slope could be assigned a low priority since it is not a dam safety concern. This type of repair will also be weather dependent, since grass can only be planted during specific times of the year, and the embankment should be dry so that more damage is not inflicted to the embankment slopes.

Page | 122

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 123

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 124

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

4.2.1Controlling Vegetation ✓ Keep the entire dam clear of unwanted vegetation such as bushes or trees. Excessive growth may cause several problems: ✓ It can obscure the surface of an embankment and not allow proper inspection of the dam. ✓ Large trees can be uprooted by high wind or erosion and leave large voids that can lead to breaching of the dam. ✓ Some root systems can decay and rot, creating passageways for water, leading topiping erosion. ✓ Growing root systems can lift concrete slabs or structures. ✓ Rodent habitats can develop undetected. ✓ All bushes/trees should be as far as possible removed by root to prevent regrowth. The resulting voids must be backfilled with suitable, well-compacted soils. It is recommended to remove the plants/vegetation at their early stage to prevent or minimize their growing into big trees/bushes, etc. In cases where trees and bushes cannot be removed, the root systems should be treated with environmentally-friendly herbicides (properly selected and applied) to retard further growth. Concerned Government Agencies must be consulted for selection of appropriate herbicides & their use for control of vegetation on dam structures or any water bodies. ✓ Controlling Damage from Vehicular Traffic ✓ As mentioned earlier, vehicles driving across an embankment dam can create ruts in the crest if it is not surfaced with roadway material and sometimes even when

Page | 125

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

sealed with flexible pavement, especially when the embankment is saturated and overweight trucks use the road. The ruts can then collect water and cause saturation and softening of the dam. Other ruts may be formed by tractors or other off-road vehicles such as motorbikes are allowed to drive up and down the embankment face; these can direct runoff resulting in severe erosion. ✓ Vehicles, except for maintenance, are restricted on the dam top and kept out by fences or barricades. Any ruts should be repaired as soon as possible. . 4.2.2 Masonry / Concrete Dams & Spillways ✓ Various issues/problems that may require maintenance/repairs on the KrishnarajasagaraConcrete/Masonry Dam and Spillway include but not limited to: ✓ Damages on spillway glacis, spillway piers, training/divide walls, energy dissipaters, downstream areas (probable causes are cavitation, abrasion, unsymmetrical flows, unfavorable down-stream conditions) ✓ Vegetation growth in unattended areas such as spillway, spillway channel, etc. ✓ Seepage in the galleriesand on the downstream face of the dam. ✓ Cleaning and removal of leached deposits from choked porous and foundation drains. ✓ Repair to upstream face of masonry dams in case the pointing is damaged, leading to increased seepage. ✓ Ensuringsafe access to and within the gallery, lighting is also required as well as all outside areas during the evening hours. ✓ Ensuring the dam is behaving as designed based on instrumentation programs. ✓ Periodic maintenance should be performed of all concrete surfaces which are approachable to repair deteriorated areas. For remedial measures of problems of special nature advice of experienced engineers /Panel of Experts needs to be obtained.

4.2.3 River Sluices The sluices should be inspected thoroughly once a year for any damages such as cracks and seepage. As regards to Hydro-mechanical works, reference may be referred to the appropriate paragraphs in this chapter.

4.2.4 Gates & Hoisting Equipment The safe and satisfactory operation of Krishnarajasagara Dam depends on proper operation of its Gates &Hoisting Equipment. Maintaining spillway gates in working condition is critical for dam safety and is to be assigned the highest priority. If routine inspection of the Hydro-Mechanical Equipment shows the need for maintenance, the work should be completed as soon as possible. The simplest procedure to ensure smooth operation of gates is to operate them through their full range at least once, and preferably twice annually (before monsoon & after monsoon keeping a gap of at least six months). Because operating gates under full reservoir pressure can result in large discharges, exercising

Page | 126

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

of gates should preferably be carried out during dry conditions or lean times of the year using the bulk heads Commonly used Gates and Hoists including their inspection / maintenance requirements are discussed below. The aspects to be inspected and maintained periodically for ensuring proper operation of these gates are as under: a. The gate slot and bottom platform/sill beam should be cleaned periodically. Scales formed over the embedded parts should be removed. Second-stage concrete should be checked for any development of cracks / leakages and repairs should be attended to immediately. b. The gate leaf should be thoroughly cleaned and repainted as and when necessary according to the procedure or guidelines- indicated in IS: 14177 or as per the recommendations of the paint manufacturer. All drain holes provided in the gate assembly should be cleaned. c. Rubber seals should be smoothed, if required, for proper alignment. All nuts and bolts fixing the seal to the gate should be tightened uniformly to required torques. Seals, if found damaged or found leaking excessively should be adjusted, repaired or replaced as considered necessary. d. The wheel shall be rotated to check their free movement. Gate roller bearings and guide roller bushes should be properly lubricated. Whenever necessary these should be opened for rectifications of defects, cleaning and lubrication and should thereafter be refitted. These may be replaced if repairs are not possible. e. Hoisting connection of the gate leaf should be lubricated where necessary and defects if any should be rectified. f. All nuts, bolts, check nuts and cotter pins of the lifting devices should be checked periodically. g. All components should be greased and lubricated. Recommended and approved oils and grease only should be used. h. Roller assembly should be adjusted by the eccentricity arrangement to ensure all rollers rest uniformly on the track plates particularly in the closed position of the gate. i. Where filling valves are provided as part of the gate structure, all the nuts, bolts, check nuts etc. should be tightened. j. All welds shall be checked for cracks/ damages. Any weld that might have become defective should be chipped out and redone following the relevant codal provisions. Damaged nuts, bolts, rivets, screws etc. should be replaced without delay. k. The filling-in valves allow passage of water when it is lifted by lifting beam & crane due to creation of space between stem seat and exit passage liner. The springs and associated components should be checked periodically for damages and replaced if necessary.

Page | 127

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

l. The guide-assemblies, wheel-assemblies and sealing-assemblies shall be cleared off grit, sand or any other foreign material. m. The wheel pin shall be coated with corrosion resistant compound. n. All nuts and bolts shall be tightened. o. The aspects to be inspected and maintained periodically for ensuring proper operation of these gates are as under : a) Rubber Seals: i) Seals shall be inspected for leakages. Locations of excessive leakages shall be recorded for taking remedial measures. Weeping or slight flow in localized area will not require immediate remedial measures. However, measures like tightening of bolts are carried out. Further adjustment is carried out during annual maintenance. ii) If leakage is excessive & immediate repair is considered necessary, the stop log gates shall be dropped and seals repaired or replaced. NOTE: - During monsoon period, stop log gates shall NEVER be lowered in spite of heavy leakage through seals.

c) Gate structures: iii) Check all the welds for soundness and rectify defects. iv) Check welds between arms and horizontal girders as well as between latching bracket and skin plate with the help of magnifying glass for cracks/defects and rectify the defects. v) Clean all drain holes including those in end arms and horizontal girders. vi) Check all the nuts and bolts and tighten them. Replace damaged ones. vii) Check upstream face of skin plate for pitting, scaling and corrosion. Scaling may be filled with weld and grinded. Corroded surface shall be cleaned and painted. d) Embedded Parts: i) All the sill beams and wall plates shall be inspected for crack, pitting etc. and defects shall be rectified. ii) The guide roller pins shall be lubricated. e) General Maintenance: i) Defective welding should be chipped out and it should be re-welded duly following the relevant codal provision (IS: 10096, Part-3). ii) Damaged nuts, bolts, rivets, screws etc. should be replaced. iii) Any pitting should be filled up by welding and finished by grinding if necessary.

Page | 128

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

iv) The gate leaf, exposed embedded metal parts, hoists and hoist supporting structure etc., should be thoroughly cleaned and repainted when required keeping in view the original painting system adopted and as per the guidelines contained in IS: 14177. v) Trunnion bearing should be greased as and when required. Keeping trunnion bearings in perfect working condition is very important. All other bolted connections should also be checked up for proper tightness. vi) Bolts and trunnion bearing housing should be tightened wherever required. vii) The seals of the gate should be checked for wear and tear and deterioration. These should be adjusted/replaced as and when necessary. viii) The wall plates, sill beams shall be checked and repaired if necessary. ix) Wire ropes should be properly lubricated. x) Oil level in the worm reduction unit should be maintained by suitable replenish- ment. Oil seals should also be replaced if required. Lubrication of other parts of hoists such as chains, position indicators and limit switches should also be done. xi) The stroke of the brake should be reset to compensate for lining wear. Worn out brake linings should be replaced in time. xii) Flexible couplings should be adjusted if required. xiii) Repairs and replacements of all electrical relays and controls should be attended to. xiv) Maintenance of alternative sources of Power such as Diesel Generating sets and alternative drives wherever provided should be carried out. xv) The list of essential spare parts to be kept available should be reviewed and updated periodically. The condition of spares should be checked periodically and protective coating given for use. A. MAINTENANCE OFGANTRY CRANE Hoisting trolley of the Gantry cranes is built on top of a wheeled mobile gantry structure travelling over fixed rails and is used to straddle an object or load over a workspace.

Following aspects need to be considered and attended to during maintenance;

1. Oil level in the gear boxes. It is very important to ensure that the correct oil level is maintained. Over filling causes overheating and leakage, therefore, care should be taken that the breather holes are not clogged by any foreign material like dust, paint etc.

2. The insulation resistance of motor windings. In case it is found to have dropped below a prescribed value, the motor should be dried prior to putting back in service. If weak insulation becomes a regular feature, the winding should be given a good coat of insu- lating varnish after the motor has been dried.

3. Checking of all the electrical connections.

Page | 129

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

4. Lubrication of each part of crane

5. Removal of any loose/foreign material along the rail track

6. Actuating tests of limit switches

7. Actuating tests of brakes.

8. All fuses in the control panel should be checked and if necessary, it should be replaced.

9. Necessary terminal connections of motors, brakes etc. is to be checked.

10. Overload relay should be checked.

11. Visual inspection of wire ropes for any snapped loose wire and its proper lubrication.

12. Checking of rope clamps on the drum and tightening of bolts if required.

13. Gearbox assembly should not have any leakage of oil.

14. Unusual noise/vibration if any should be checked and rectified before operation.

B. MAINTENANCE OF MOTOR Motors shall be blown out at regularly intervals to keep its ventilating passage clear, particularly when operating in dirty atmosphere. Moisture, oil, dirt, grease and carbon or metallic dust are the principal causes of break down. The motor therefore be kept clean and dry and must be kept free from oil and greases, damp and dirt, periodical cleaning with dry compressed air with a brush is necessary. The motor required be examining and dismantling from time to time and frequency of service cleaning will depend upon the conditions under which the motor operates. During periodical cleaning care shall be taken to clean air passage in the starter and motor of any accumulated dirt. Terminals and screw connections shall be kept clean and tight. If they become dirty or corroded, they shall be disconnected and all contact surfaces made clean and smooth. Bad contact leads to sparking and ultimate breakdown.

C. LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE OF REDUCTION GEAR UNIT

Page | 130

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

1.Satisfactory performance of grease required that the lubricating oil kept be clean, and free from dirt, grit, moisture and sludge. Depending upon operating conditions the oil eventually becomes contaminated and should be drained periodically. During operation the oil level should be periodically checked, too high level results loss of power and oil leakage, too low oil results in friction in bearings and on gear teeth causing overheating. Use proper graded oil. 2. Oil level should be checked with the help of dipstick or the oil indicator and should be topped up, if necessary. 3. Where the bearings of the unit are greases lubricated, the same should be filled with the top of grease gun. 4. Care should be taken that the breather holes are not clogged by any foreign materials, like dust, paint etc. 5. During cleaning gear casing should be flushed with the same sort oil that is used under working Conditions. If encasing is opened for cleaning all sealing compound must be removed.

Page | 131

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

D. LUBRICATION CHART PART LUBRICATION FOR FREQUENCY 1. Hoist Brake Hand oiled points One in a month Fulcrum pins 2. Long travel Hand oiled points One in a month Brake fulcrum Pins 3. Motors: Hoist Long travel End Bearing Replace once in six Months and renew Once in a year. 4. Long travel Grease Nipples Repack once in Six Shaft Plummer Blocks Months and renew Once in a year . 5. Gear Boxes Gear Boxes Check oil level once A month and top up As necessary. 6. Pinion & Gear Gears & Pinions Every 3 Months . Wheels 7. Wire Rope Full Wire (Cardium Every year preferably Compound) before onset ofMonsoon

Page | 132

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

E. MAINTENANCE OF BEARING Like all other important machine components ball and roller bearings must occasionally be cleaned and examined. In many cases it is permissible to let the bearing run for considerable / longer time before carrying out inspections, especially the conditions of the bearings can be ascertained, during service for example, by listening to the sound produced during running, checking the temperature of noting the colour of the lubricant. While spirit good quality paraffin, petrol or benzene may be recommended as suitable for cleaning roller bearings. Bearing should not be allowed to stand dry for any length of time after they have cleaned out, should be oiled and greased immediately when this is done, the bearings should be rotated several times to that oil or grease can reach all vital parts and thereby protect the bearings from rust. For sheaves, oiling the bearing at frequent interval and checking that they rotate freely must be done. A seized up sheaves may ruin a rope very speedily. Care should be taken to see that the rope does not foul in flat against any obstacle in its way. F. MAINTENANCE OF WIRE ROPE Frequently the inspection of the entire length of rope is necessary. Watch constantly for broken wires, excessive wear and lubrication, see that the number of broken wires does not exceed as laid down in different regulation. Prompt attention must be given to a broken wire in a rope otherwise damage to other wires and serious accidents may results. Cleaning wire rope with brush or compressed air and giving it a light coating of special wire rope dressing is essential. This lubricant puts a protective film on each individual wire, repels water and stops corrosion. G. CHECK FOR THE TIGHTNESS OF THE BOLTS 1. Fixing bolts of motor and reduction gears. 2. Plummer Block base Bolts. 3. Bolts of all Coupling. 4. Inspect the keys in the Couplings for its correct position once in every six months . 5. The wire Rope and is fixed over the winding drum by weans of clamps and bolts. These are to be checked for its tightness periodically. Since normally the stop logs remain in hanging position, for any routine maintenance, these are required to be raised up to the top of pier or deck level to rest on the dogging beam with the help of the gantry crane andlifting beam. Thereafter, if required, it is further raised at a slow speed from safety point of view, it is to be ensured that these units do not foul or hit legs / columns of the gantry crane. Thereafter, the gate can be rested on the deck level for necessary maintenance, servicing, repairs or replacement of its component parts. After completion of maintenance, the stop log units are shifted back to their original dogged position.

Page | 133

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

4.2.5 Surface Preparation and Painting of HM Works i) Protection of painted surfaces is considered essential for protection & enhancement of service life. Gates, their embedded parts, gate leaf, hoists and its supporting structures need to be protected against corrosion due to climatic condition, weathering, biochemical reaction and abrasion etc. This equipment is likely to deteriorate or get damaged to any extent that the replacement of parts may become necessary and such replacement may become difficult and costly. ii) Surface preparation & Painting requirements: Painting for hydro-mechanical works is to be carried out as prescribed in IS 14177 for both newly manufactured as well as old & used gates, hoists and associated works after proper surface preparation. The preparation includes thorough cleaning, smoothing irregular surfaces, rusted surfaces, weld spatters, oil, grease, dirt, earlier applied damaged layers of primers/ paint by use of mechanical tools, by use of solvents, wire brush etc. The sand / grit blasting process is used for surface preparation to a level of Sa 2½ of the Swedish standard. iii) Surfaces not requiring painting & their protection during surface preparation, painting & transportation process: a) The following surfaces are not to be painted unless or otherwise specified: • Machine finished or similar surface • Surfaces which will be in contact with concrete • Stainless steel overlay surfaces. • Surfaces in sliding or rolling contact • Galvanized surfaces, brass and bronze surfaces. • Aluminum alloy surfaces b) The Surfaces of stainless steel, nickel, bronze and machined surface adjacent to metal work being cleaned or painted shall be protected by using sticky protective tape or by other suitable means over the surfaces not to be painted. c) All embedded parts which come in contact with concrete shall be cleaned as detailed above and given two coats of cement latex to prevent rusting during the shipment while awaiting installation. iv) Application of primer &finish coats on embedded parts and gates: a) EMBEDDED PARTS: • The prescribed primer shall be applied as soon as the surface preparation is complete and prior to the development of surface rusting and within the specified time prescribed by Indian Standards or the Paint Manufacturer. In case there is lapse of considerable time beyond the prescribed time limit, the surfaces shall be again cleaned prior to priming.

Page | 134

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

• Two coats of zinc rich primer with epoxy resin shall be applied to all embedded parts surfaces which are not in contact with concrete and shall remain exposed to atmosphere or submerged in water to obtain a dry film thickness of 75 microns. • This shall be followed by three coats at an interval of 24hours of coal-tar blend epoxy resin so as to get a dry film thickness of 80 microns in each coat. Total dry film thickness of paint shall not be less than 300 microns. b) GATES: Primer Coat: • Over the prepared surface one coat of inorganic zinc silicate primer giving a dry film thickness of 70 ± 5 microns should be applied. Alternatively two coats of zinc rich primer, which should contain not less than 85% zinc on dry film should be applied to give a total dry film thickness of 75 ± 5 microns. Finished paint: • Two coats of solvent less coal tar epoxy paints. These shall be applied at an interval of about 24 hours. Each coat shall give a dry film thickness of 150±5 microns. The total dry film thickness of all the coats including primer coating shall not be less than 350 microns. v) Hoist and supporting structure: a) Structural components: Primer coats of zinc phosphate primer shall be applied to give a dry film thickness of 40±5 microns. Final Coats: One coat of alkalized based micaceous iron oxide paint to give a dry film thickness of 65 ± 5 microns followed by two coats of synthetic enamel paint confirming to IS 2932 – 1974 to give a dry film thickness of 25 ± 5 microns per coat. The interval between each coat shall be 24hours. The total dry thickness of all coats of paint including the primer coat shall not be less than 175 microns. b) Machinery: Except machined surfaces all surfaces of machinery including gearing, housing, shafting, bearing pedestals etc., shall be given: Primer coats: One coat of zinc phosphate primer paint to give minimum film thickness of 50 microns. Motors and other bought out items shall be painted if necessary. Finished coats: The finished paint shall consists of three coats of aluminum paint confirming to IS2339 – 1963 or synthetic enamel paint confirming to IS 2932 – 1977 to give a dry film thickness of 25±5 microns per coat to obtain a total minimum dry film thickness of 125 microns. c) Machined surfaces: All machined surfaces of ferrous metal including screw threads which will be exposed during shipment or installation shall be cleaned by suitable solvent and given a heavy uniform coating of gasoline soluble removable rust preventive compound or equivalent. Machined surfaces

Page | 135

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

shall be protected with the adhesive tapes or other suitable means during the cleaning and painting operation of other components. vi) Application of paint: Mix the contents thoroughly as directed by paint manufacturer before and during use. Painting at shop can be done by any of the three methods namely Brush / roller, Conventional spray, Airless spray etc. The paint can be made to suit the adopted method. But once the gate and equipment is in erected position the general method adopted is only brush / roller. In case of spray lot of precautions are to be taken. For More details: Refer IS: 14177 Part (II) – 1971. Appendix A – Brushing of paint Appendix B – Spraying of paint Appendix C – Spray painting defects: Causes and remedies. Removal of old paint / rust and carrying out fresh painting: The carrying out of fresh painting is to be considered under the following conditions: • The rusting is noticed all over the surface or • Rusting is severe or • Cracking and blistering has damaged the primer coat exposing the metal and is noticed all over the surface or • The paint film has eroded badly, the scrap of entire paint film to the base metal and carry out fresh painting. Note: In case of maintenance and renovation: Refer IS 14177 (Part II) – 1971 for checking and repainting. vii) Removal of old paint for repainting: Caution should be exercised while removing the old paint. The surfaces shall be de-rusted and descaled by either mechanically by one or more of the methods, namely: a) Wire brushing, Scraping, and chipping. Sand papering or cleaning with steel wool or abra- sive paper b) Power tool cleaning c) Flame cleaning d) Sand blasting or shot blasting and e) Chemical rust removal. Note:The method of application shall be decided based on conditions existing. After cleaning painting is to be carried out as originally proposed.

Page | 136

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Some are painted without removal of old paint and rusting this will amounts to no painting and deteriorate faster than the original one. viii) Inspection and testing of painting of H. M works: a) The following steps are involved in inspection of painting: • General inspection before and during painting • Viscosity test of paints • Paint thickness test – using Elco-meter. • Inspection of general appearance of finished work. b) General: The aim of inspection and testing is to ascertain whether the recommended practice is being employed correctly during every stage of application and whether the final results fulfill the object of painting. Any test carried out should be of non – destructive nature or, if it is of destructive nature, it should be either restricted to areas which can be restored without marring the general appearances or be such that it is possible to restore easily without necessitating a complete repetition of the work. c) Inspection of surfaces prior to painting: Inspection methods will depend on whether it is to be painted for the first time or is to be repainted. d) New Works (Not previously painted): The following shall be decided by inspection: • The method of pre cleaning feasible or recommended; • The intermediate protective treatments to be applied, if found necessary; • The final painting schedule and the specifications for the paint for ensuring the particular performance; • The method of application, whether by brush, roller or spray. e) Old Work (Which requires repainting): The following shall be decided by inspection: • Whether the entire existing paint requires removal; and/or • Whether repainting without paint removal would be adequate. 4.2.6 Electrical System

Electricity is typically used at a dam for lighting and to operate the gates, hoists, recording equipment, and other miscellaneous equipment. It is important that the Electrical system be well maintained, including a thorough check of fuses and a test of the system to ensure that all parts are properly functioning. The system should be free from moisture and dirt, and wiring should be checked for corrosion and mineral deposits.

Page | 137

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

All necessary repairs should be carried out immediately and records of the works kept. Maintain generators used for auxiliary emergency power -- change the oil, check the batteries and antifreeze and make sure fuel is readily available. Monitoring devices usually do not need routine maintenance. Open areas are particularly susceptible to vandalism. As such all electrical fittings like bulbs, lights, loose wires etc. in open areas should be checked routinely and replaced / repaired where needed. The recommendations of the manufacturer should also be referred to. 4.2.7 Maintenance of Metal Gate Components

All exposed, bare ferrous metal of an outlet installation, whether submerged or exposed to air, will tend to rust. To prevent corrosion, exposed ferrous metals must be either appropriately painted (following the paint manufacturer’s directions) or heavily greased in respect of moving parts & on surfaces like guides & track seats on which there is movement of gates. When areas are repainted, it should be ensured that paint is not applied to gate seats, wedges, or stems (where they pass through the stem guides), or on other friction surfaces where paint could cause binding. Heavy grease should be applied on friction surfaces to avoid binding. As rust is especially damaging to contact surfaces, existing rust is to be removed before periodic application of grease. 4.2.8 Access Roads

For a dam to be operated and maintained, there must be a safe means of access to it at all times. Access road surfaces must be maintained to allow safe passage of automobiles and any required equipment for servicing the dam in any weather conditions. Routine observations of any cut and fill slopes along the sides of the road should be made. If unstable conditions develop assistance of experienced Engineers/Expert Panels should be obtained and remedial measures initiated. Drains are required to be provided and maintained along roads to remove surface and subsurface drainage. This will prolong the life of the road and help reduce deterioration from rutting. Road surfacing should be repaired or replaced as necessary to maintain the required traffic loadings. In most cases, specialized contractors will be required to perform this maintenance. 4.2.9 General Cleaning

As already suggested, for proper operation of spillways, sluiceways, approach channels, inlet and outlet structures, stilling basin / energy dissipation arrangements, discharge conduit, dam slopes, trash racks, debris control devices etc., regular and thorough cleaning and removal of debris is necessary. Cleaning is especially important after large floods, which tend to send more debris into the reservoir. 4.2.10 Materials and Establishment Requirements during Monsoon Period

Materials required during monsoon period for both immediate maintenance and preventive maintenance must be stocked in adequate quantities for emergency situations that may arise. Needful instructions in this regard is enclosed in the O&M Manual. At Krishnarajasagara Dam, a 24/7 hour patrol schedule is carried out during monsoon period. At the same time the additional management requirements during monsoon period are enhanced.

Page | 138

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

4.2.11 General List of Maintenance Records

Maintenance records are of utmost importance. Records are kept of all maintenance activities, both immediate and preventive maintenance works. Essential information to be recorded include the following: • Date and time of maintenance, • Weather conditions, • Type of maintenance, • Name of person, title and / or contractor performing maintenance, • Description of work performed, • Length of time it took to complete the work with dates, • Equipment and materials used, and • Before and after dated photographs. The data is recorded by the person responsible for maintenance.

Page | 139

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

4.2.12 Preparation of O&M budget

The O&M budget for Krishnarajasagara dams include but not limited to the following items: i) Establishment Cost of Regular Staff - Salaries and allowances, Bonus, Medical Reimburse- ment, LTC, Leave Encashment, pension benefits, etc. (as applicable). ii) Establishment Cost of Work charged Staff - Salaries and allowances, Bonus, Medical Reim- bursement, LTC, Leave Encashment, Pension benefits, TA and DA , etc. (as applicable). iii) Establishment Cost of Daily wage Staff - Salaries and allowances, TA and DA etc. (as applicable). iv) Office Expenses – Rent for office, Telephone/Mobile/any other Telecommunication bills, Electricity bills, water bills, Office stationery, Day to day office requirements. v) Motor Vehicles - Running and Maintenance cost of inspection vehicles, Cost of hiring of vehicles as required vi) Maintenance of Colony - Maintenance of staff quarters, colony roads, Electricity, Sanitary and Water supply systems etc. vii) T&P - T&P requirements for offices, colony, works etc. as applicable. viii) Works -Painting, oiling, greasing, overhauling of HM equipment’s, Repair/replacement of gates seals & wire ropes, POL for pumps & generator sets, Electricity charges and maintenance of Electric systems of dam site, specific requirements for all Civil, H.M &Electrical maintenance works, vegetation removal , maintenance of access roads & basic facilities, provision for flood contingency works during monsoon, unforeseen events/items (about 10% of the cost of works) etc.

Page | 140

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Table 8 O&M BUDGET COSTS (ANNUAL) CURRENT PREVIOUS YEAR SL. BUDGET ITEM YEAR COST (Rs BUDGET REMARKS NO. in lakhs) (YR_2019-20) (Rs in lakhs)

A. ESTABLISHMENT

SALARY OF REGULAR STAFF 1 INCLUDING ALL OTHER 544.79 550.00 BENEFITS

2 TRAVEL EXPENSES 2.28 3.00

3 OFFICE EXPENSES 4.04 4.50

4 MOTOR VEHICLE EXPENSES 23.65 24.00

MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE 5 70.48 71.00 & COLONY COMPLEX

SUB-TOTAL - A

B. WORKS

1 CIVIL

1.1 MASONRY DAM 3047.32 7

DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF MA- 1.2 SONRY DAM

INTAKE / OUTLETS IN 1.3 EARTHEN DAMS

SLUICES IN CONCRETE / MA- Replacement 1.4 2000.00 SONRY DAMS of 136 gates

APPROACH / INSPECTION 1.5 ROADS WITHIN DAM AREA

2 HYDRO-MECHANICAL

SURPLUS SLUICES GATES & 2.1 10 11 HOISTS

Page | 141

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

2.2 GANTRY CRANE 2 2.5

RIVER SLUICES GATES & 2.3 2 2.5 HOISTS

MISCELLONUS HYDRO-ME- 2.4 1 1.5 CHANICAL COMPONENTS.

3 ELECTRICAL

ELECTRICAL FITTINGS, MO- 3.1 TORS, CONTROLS FOR ALL 5 6 GATE HOISTS

3.2 POWER SUPPLY LINES 207.35 210.00

ELECTRICAL FITTINGS ON 3.3 2 3 DAM TOPETC.

STANDBY POWER / DIESEL 3.4 6.72 7 GENERATOR

3.4 REMOTE CONTROL/CCTV 8 33

4 INSTRUMENTATION

5 MISCELLANEOUS WORKS SALARY OF WORK- CHARGED STAFF IN- 6 54 55 CLUDING ALL BENE- FITS MATERIALS TO BE 7 STORED BEFORE MON- 3 3 SOON

SUB-TOTAL –(A+B) 3985.63 2961

CONTINGENCY (10%) ON 8 398.563 296.1 SUB-TOTAL OF A & B 9 TOOLS & PLANTS 3.98563 2.961

SUB-TOTAL- C

10 TOTAL ANNUAL COST 4388.179 3260.061

Page | 142

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

4.2.13 Maintenance Records

Maintenance records are of utmost importance. A record shall be kept for all maintenance activities, both immediate and preventive maintenance works. Information that must be recorded includes,but not limited to, the following: • date and time of maintenance, • weather conditions, • the type of maintenance, • name of person or contractor performing maintenance, • description of work performed, • the length of time it took to complete the work with dates, • equipment and materials used, and • before and after photographs.

The data should be recorded by the person responsible for maintenance.

Page | 143

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 144

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 CHAPTER 5 - INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING

5.1 Dam Instrumentation·

5.1.1 General Information This section identifies the location and chainages of each of the 4 structural components of the dam: Table 7 -Locations and Extents of Structural Members

From Chainage To Chainage

Over-flow Section 0.00 500.00

Non-Overflow Section (right of 501.00 2620.00 overflow section)

5.1.3 Seismological Observations Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC), Bengaluru is theNodal Agency in the State towards monitoring the Seismic activity and Quarrying activity inKarnataka and neighboring States adjoining Karnataka. KSNDMC has established aVSAT Enabled 13 Per- manent Seismic Monitoring Stations (PSMS) Network in Karnataka during 2009-2010, with additional 1 GPRS Enabled & Solar Powered Observatory at Udupi, totalling to 14 permanent Seismic Monitoring Stations Network, one being established in the premises of KRS Dam on 12.05.2011. The said Network has been monitoring the Seismic activity along with Quarrying activity in and around the 14 established PSMS sites regularly.

The data from this Network is received in Real Time to the Master Control Facility (MCF), located at KSNDMC, Bengaluru. The data is being analysed and reports are generated as and when a micro tremor happens or during an occurrence of Quarry Activity and the said Reports are sent to the concerned Officials.

Detailed description on instrumentation in dams is available in “Guidelines for instrumentation in dams (CWC, 2018).” The document can be found under the link: https://damsafety.in/ecm-includes/PDFs/Guidelines_for_Instrumentation_of_Large_Dams.pdf. However, an overview of the same is given below. 5.1.5 Parameters being permanently Monitored Observations of the following parameters need to be continued but not limited to;

Page | 145

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 • Water levels in the reservoir. • Hydro-meteorological observations. • Seepage observations using V-notches/ weirs etc. • Displacements in the dam by means of survey observations using prism/paper targets fixed at structures, tilt meters or repaired plumb lines, etc. • Uplift pressures at dam base using standpipes in Gravity dams. In case some of the instruments are not in working condition, following are some of the steps to be done; i) In case connecting cables of the non-working instruments are accessible, the manufacturer of the said instruments should be approached for checking and rectification of the installations to make instruments work. ii) In case the embedded non-working instruments cannot be repaired, the same are to be abandoned. 5.1.6 Frequency of Monitoring

As Krishnarajasagara dam doesn’t have any instrumentations pertaining to dam maintenance and so under DRIP program phase 1 , package 3 we have proposed the following instruments for the dam monitoring , soon the following will be installed .

KRS Dam Instrumentation Proposed

No. INSTRUMENTS

1 Automatic Water Level Recorder

2 AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION

3 Automatic pendulum

4 Normal Plumb line device

5 Resistance type Temperature sensor

6 vibrating wire/ MEMS biaxial type Tilt meter

7 vibrating wire type Joint meter / Crack meter

8 vibrating wire type Uplift pressure meter

9 V-Notch weir

10 Settlement Plate/ Survey markers.

11 Data Collection Unit and Transmission equipment

12 Piezometer

13 Electronic Total Station

Page | 146

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

14 Digital Water Velocity Discharge Recorder

15 Electronic Sirens

16 Seismograph ( As per NGRI, Hydrabad )

17 Accelgraph ( As per NGRI, Hydrabad )

CHAPTER 6 - PREVIOUS REHABILITATION EFFORTS Before DRIP, maintenance activities were limited to routine greasing, oiling, and patch painting of hydro-mechanical devices; routine repair of electrical systems; routine mowing, vegetation removal, repair of eroded section, etc. Apart from these routine maintenance activities, no major rehabilitation was carried before the involvement of DRIP.CCTV were Under DRIP, major Re- habilitation Works have been carried out at a total cost of about INR 140 Crores (with some activities still ongoing during the preparation of this O&M manual). The rehabilitation works under DRIP include:

Supplementary Revised Original Con- Costs (INR) Contract Agreement tract Amount Name of Work Amount amount (in Millions) (in Millions) (in Millions) “Rehabilitation & improvements to 100 years old Krishna Raja Sagara dam under DRIP by conducting detailed investigations, carrying out treatment to upstream face by pointing with UV resistant and anti-shrink materials like cements using crystalline technology(CT) or Poly Ironite Ceramic Cementi- tious(PICC) or equivalent materials (where required) conforming to BIS/EN-1504-3, 366.10 299.10 665.20 ClassR4(2014) standard, steel fibre rein- forced shotcrete above FRL in view of severe splashing /impact of water, extraction of cores, videography of boreholes and water loss testing as directed, dam body grouting(where required) to arrest the seepage & to improve the structural strength of the dam. (Package-I)”

Page | 147

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 Replacement of 136 Gates and 2 no of Cranes by 136 new gates and provision of 136 Skid Mounted Compact Hoists at different locations “to 100 years old Krishna Raja Sagara Dam under DRIP by conducting detailed study, carrying out designs, drawings, procurement of materials, fabrication/ man- Financial bid is awaiting for ap- 584.61 ufacture, transportation, storage, erection proval. and commissioning , supply & installation of Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition system (SCADA), their operation & maintenance & warranty of gates& hoists at different locations i.e; EL 103.0’ft,EL 114.0’ ft. and EL 106.0’ft of KRS DAM,.(Package-II)

TOTAL 950.71 299.10 665.20

Other non-structural measures under DRIP include preparation of inundation maps and Emer- gency Action Plan (EAP).

Page | 148

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

CHAPTER 7 - UPDATING THE MANUAL

As features of the dam and appurtenant structures change occasionally, the O&M Manual must be edited and portions rewritten to reflect these changes. This important task is often ignored. Updating information in the O&M Manual should be done whenever major changes like construction of an additional spillway, construction of dam on the upstream etc. take place. Aspects to be considered when updating include: • Increase/decrease in the frequency of an inspection or the maintenance routine based on additional data/ experience acquired. • Changes in the operation and/or maintenance procedures based on additional data/experience acquired. • Alterations to the project data because of changes/modifications in the dam by way of additional spillway etc.

All up-dates/revisions of the O&M Manual need to be sent to all the locations/addresses to whom the copies of the original O&M Manual had been sent earlier. It is recommended that O&M Man- uals be reviewed/ updated after every 10 years by the respective Dam Owners.

Page | 149

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Page | 150

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

APPENDIX 1 – BASIC DRAWINGS OF KRISHNARAJASAGARA DAM

+106 gates with embedded parts

Page | 151

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

+ Re- placed +50 Gate with assembly

Page | 152

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Replaced +60 V.C Gate assembly

Page | 153

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Replaced +60 V.C Gate arrangement

Page | 154

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

+103 and +114 gate plan

Page | 155

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

+103 gates and embedded part

Page | 156

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

+106 gantry crane

Page | 157

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

+106 gate

Page | 158

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

+106 gates and embedded part

Page | 159

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

+106 gates plan

Page | 160

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Buoyancy well for automatic Gates.

Page | 161

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 162

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 163

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Profile of dam

Page | 164

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

+103 ganrty crane

Page | 165

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

atria power house turbine

Page | 166

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 167

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Layout plan

Page | 168

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

APPENDIX2― KEY ELEMENTS OF THE EAP

The purpose of this Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is to identify emergencies that could threaten KRISHNARAJASAGARA Dam and to plan for an expedited, effective response to prevent failure of the dam and warn downstream residents of impending danger. This plan defines the notification procedures to be followed in the event of a potentially hazardous situation. The procedures are intended to protect lives and prevent property damage from an excessive release of water from the dam spillways or an uncontrolled outflow of water from the breached portion of dam.

Page | 169

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Notification flow chart. FAILURE CONDITION NOTIFICATION FLOWCHART (External Alert)

Page | 170

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Sample Public Announcements

Note: These messages are communicated to downstream residents to alert the public of impending danger. The Emergency Planning Manager should coordinate with the India Meteorological Department, the District Disaster Management Authority and the District Commissioners (Table 3, Page No. 30) prior to release. Messages can be communicated via radio, television, bulk SMS of local mobile networks and other media outlets

Announcement for Slowly Developing “Watch” Condition (BLUE Emergency Level) Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited has declared a BLUE level, “Watch” condition for Krishnarajasagara Dam (KRS Dam), Project Identification Code: KA06HH0020 as of [time and date]. [Briefly describe the problem or condition]. Although there is no immediate danger of the dam failing. [De- scribe what actions are being taken to monitor and control the situation].[State the quantity of any release from the reservoir].

Announcement for Worsening “Watch” Condition (BLUE Emergency Level) Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited has declared a BLUE level, “Watch” condition for Krishnara- jasagara Dam (KRS Dam), Project Identification Code: KA06HH0020 as of [time and date]. [Briefly describe the problem or condition]. Although there is no immediate danger of the dam failing a possibility now exists that the dam will fail. [Describe any other consequence] if correction efforts are unsuccessful. [Describe what actions are being taken to monitor and correct the situation]. [State the quantity of any release from the reservoir]. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received

Announcement for a Probable “Failure” Condition (ORANGE Emergency Level) Urgent! This is an emergency message. Cauvery Neeravari Nigam Limited has declared a BLUE level, “Watch” condition for Krishnarajasagara Dam (KRS Dam), Project Identification Code: KA06HH0020 is probably going to fail [or describe any other consequence]. [Describe what actions are being taken to monitor and control the situation]. It is possible that the dam will fail in [####] hours. Residents in low lying areas along the Cauvery lower basin, as well as the town of Srinrangapattana [Or indicate the specific towns/villages to be evacuated according to the expected scenario], should prepare for immediate evacuation. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received.

Announcement for an Impending “Failure” Condition (RED Emergency Level) Emergency! This is an emergency message. Krishnarajasagara dam (KRS Dam), Project Identifi- cation Code: KA06HH0020 is going to fail at any moment [or describe any other consequence]. Residents who have not yet done so should be immediately evacuate the town of Srirangapattana and low laying areas along the Lower Cauvery Basin [Or Indicate the specific towns / villages to be evacuated according to the expected scenario]. The flood waters have already reached [High- way] and [Road]. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received.

Announcement for an Ongoing “Failure” Condition (RED Emergency Level) Emergency! This is an emergency message. Krishnarajasagara dam (KRS Dam), Project Identifi- cation Code: KA06HH0020 is failed [or describe any other consequence] at [time and date]. Res- idents who have not yet done so should be immediately evacuate the town of Srirangapattana and low laying areas along the Lower Cauvery Basin [Or Indicate the specific towns / villages to

Page | 171

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 be evacuated according to the expected scenario]. The flood waters have already reached [High- way] and [Road]. Additional news will be made available as soon as it is received..

Roles and responsibilities dam authorities during emergency Assistant Executive Engineer/Executive engineer

Informing Karnataka Power Corporation limited(Subash Power house) officials to stop generation of power and to vacate the powerhouse from dam premises immediately.

Collecting weather forecasts and the inflow forecasts by taking updates from hourly basis from Bavali gauge point and inflow measuring station during rainy season and to give alert for any potential emergency situation to SE/CE.

Conducting routine dam maintenance, such as annual weed control, conducting dam integrity inspections, and notifying SE/CE of any potential emergencies.

Reporting to SE/CE of any chances of failure in the Main dam or Saddle dams.

Alerting the KRISHNARAJASAGARA colony, Fishery department, Bee- chanahally villages for any chances of failure imminent with the help of local police and Tahasildar. Contacting contractors for any emergency repairs.

Informing downstream Dam operators regarding flood situation.

Informing each and every situation of failure in the dam to the SE/CE Time to time AEE/EE/AE are responsible for following any directions given by the Su- perintending engineers

Superintending Engineer Emergency Planning manager

Implementation of the EAP.

To classify the events into the Emergency Alerts.

• To ensure effective transmission of hydro-meteorological and flow data within the department.

Contacting Emergency personnel if dam failure is imminent as per the flow chart.

Page | 172

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Issue notification to the villagers downstream in Newspapers, Radio, TV News channel to be alert regarding the flood releases or Failure situations.

• Providing Each and every situation details in the dam to emergency personnel time to time as per the flow chart.

Issuing necessary instructions to operate the Spillway crest gates and sluice gates for flood mitigation to EE/AEE.

Issuing suitable directions to the lower level officers for the further course of action during failure.

Reporting to CE regarding the failure situation and also explaining the further course of action and requirement of funds for the emergency works/ evacuation etc.,

To ensure that the current approved version of the EAP is functional and available to all stakeholders.

Conducting annual EAP review to ensure that contact names and numbers are updated on the Notification Flowcharts.

Superintending engineer is the first line of dam observer and is the person responsible for initiating implementation of the EAP

The Executive Engineer is responsible for collecting weather forecasts and the inflow forecasts and alerting of any potential emergency situation to SE/CE

The Superintending Engineer is responsible for contacting emergency personnel should a dam failure be imminent.

The Superintending engineer is responsible for updating the EAP. An annual EAP review will be conducted to ensure that contact names and numbers are current on the Notification Flowcharts.

The Superintending Engineer is responsible for directing specific, incident appropriate actions during an emergency, such as opening or closing water outlets and remedial construction activities such as earth moving, etc.

Superintending Engineer can depute any EE/AEE/AE/JE under his Circle during emergency

Chief Engineer

Collecting information about the rainfall in the catchment and inflow status at the Bavali from SE.

Page | 173

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Providing Instructions to Operate the Spillway crest gates for flood mitigation to SE as and when required.

Conduct Pre monsoon, Post monsoon inspection along With SE /EE /AEE /AE In a year, and check all the components of KRISHNARAJASAGARA dam and suggest the remedies.

Providing suitable directions for executing the works, which is, needs to attend for KRISHNARAJASAGARA dam during failure condition.

Reporting to Managing Director Cauvery Neeravari Nigam limited regarding problems occurred in the dam, for the fund requirements and also for taking assistance from design wing.

Reporting to SDSO for the conditions in KRISHNARAJASAGARA dam and also taking assistance from experts like KERS and DSRP.

Managing Director

Inspection of the dams and taking decisions regarding further course of actions and directing CE/SE to handle the situation time to time.

Providing Funds for any immediate repair works.

Sending design wing officials as and when required

Informing the emergency situation at Govt of Karnataka through principal secretary of irrigation department

S.D.S.O.

Making suitable arrangements for DSRP officials and KERS officials for inspection of dam. During emergency situations

Reporting CDSO if problem is severe and seeking technical expertise to KRISHNARAJASAGARA dam.

District Commissioners

Mysore District commissioner is responsible for informing other district administration regarding the emergency occurring at the dam.

Each District commissioner is responsible to alert district disaster management authority and fix the responsibilities.

District commissioner is responsible for alerting Assistant commissioner, Tahasil- dar for protecting the people from the failure by assigning the responsibilities.

Page | 174

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

District commissioner is responsible for alerting health department and hospitals to fix their responsibilities.

District commissioner is responsible for spreading the information regarding the Failure through district administration.

District administration is responsible for contacting NGOs if necessary.

District administration is responsible for directing PWD, Municipal and ZP En- gineering wing to work under the Failure situation.

District administration responsible for alerting CEO of Zilla panchayath and Municipal commissioners and fix their responsibilities.

District administration is responsible for providing temporary shelter for the In- mates.

Superintendent of police

SP Mysore responsible for alerting all other district SP regarding the Failure or flood situation at the dam.

District SP is responsible alerting each every police stations coming under KRISHNARAJASAGARA catchment.

District SP responsible alerting Fire Department and fix their responsibilities.

District Police is responsible for evacuation of flood affected people with the help of other concerned department

✓ District police responsible for restricting highways and bridges by barricading if required by taking help of PWD, ZP and Municipal Engineering wings.

Emergency Evaluation and Classification

This section lists the conditions and actions which may be used to classify the level of emergency response, as a guide for the Emergency Planning Manager (Executive Engineer, KRS Division).

Internal Alert Condition BLUE – A Watch condition. A problem has been detected at the dam that requires constant monitoring. At this time, the distress condition is manageable by dam personnel. The Emergency Planning Manager (Executive Engineer, KRS Division) along with the support of site engineers will be responsible for monitoring and repaid as soon as

Page | 175

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 possible and implementing the appropriate Notification Flowchart. The following is a list of condition that would initiate the condition: • Cloudy or dirty seepage or seepage with an increase in flow, boils, piping or bogs • Cracking or movement of any masonry / concrete structure • An increase in the reservoir level leading to engagement of the flood gates • Exceptionally heavy rainfall in the catchment of the dam

External Alert Condition ORANGE – This is indicative of a dam condition that is progres- sively getting worse; and there is a high probability of dam failure. Although there is no immediate danger, the dam could fail if condition continue to deteriorate. The Emergency Planning Manager (Executive Engineer, KRS Division) will be responsible for initiating immediate repairs, including lowering the reservoir if appropriate and implementing the appropriate Notifica- tion Flowchart. The following is a list of conditions that would initiate this condition. • Any flood release matching with the flood release capacity of the dam. • Large boils, increasing size and flow rate, especially if there is flowing muddy water. • Significantly increasing seepage, especially flowing muddy water. • Slides involving a large mass of material that impairs the crest of the dam and is continuing to move. • Sinkholes with seepage flowing muddy water. • Large cracks, movement or failure of a portion of any major concrete / masonry structure that forms an integral part of the dam. • An increase in the reservoir level to near the top of the dam. • Near to ‘Design Flood’ inflow forecast.

External Alert Condition RED – These are “failure” conditions. Either the dam is in immediate danger of failing or has already failed. No time remains to implement measures to prevent the failure hence evacuate immediately. Evacuation efforts will continue until the situation is stabi- lized. The Emergency Planning Manager (Executive Engineer, KRS Division) is responsible for implementing the appropriate Notification Flowchart. The following is a list of conditions that would initiate “imminent dam failure” or “dam failure” conditions. • Any flood release higher than the flood releasing capacity of the dam.

• Rapidly increasing boils of the presence of new, significantly flowing boils, particularly muddy ones near previously identified ones. • Rapidly increasing seepage, especially flowing muddy water • Slides involving a large mass of material or if significant seepage is observed through the slide area. • Settlement that is predicted to degrade to the reservoir level. • Cracks that extend to the reservoir level. • Significant movement of failure of any structure that forms an integral part of the dam. • Overtopping of the masonry dam. Page | 176

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

• Uncontrollable release from the reservoir.

APPENDIX 3 ― MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE DUR- ING MONSOON

Page | 177

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Materials during monsoon period should be stocked in adequate quantity as experience shows them to be necessary. Particular care should be taken that the required materials are distributed with careful fore-thought so as to be readily available everywhere, particularly at dangerous sites. The quantity of materials required depends on importance or dangerousness of the dam and the distances of the dam from the nearest stations at which these can be purchased. This will need to be worked out by the respective dam owners / state govt. as per their experience & documented in the O & M Manual for the dams. The following norms have been prescribed by the Govt. of Madhya Pradesh for their projects during monsoon period. 1. Patrolling i. Torches: 1 for each Executive Engineer, Assistant Engineer, Sub-Engineer and 2 in spare. ii. Cells: 1filland2sparesets iii. Binoculars 6 iv. Night Vision Goggles 2 v. Dragon Lights 10 vi. Search Lights 15 vii. Communication Systems (local walkie-talkie) 8 viii. Rain coat: 20 ix. Gum boots: 20 x. Danger Zone Light: Strips 10 xi. Flares 50

2. Leaks i Gunny Bags 500 ii. Stakes 60 to 120 stakes per km. iii. Baskets 1 Basket of toot per beldar &one spare. iv. Sutli (Twine) 0.5kgper 100bags v. Needles ½ dozen with each work mestry vi. Sand Collection of 2to4m3 every km.for

Page | 178

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK

Page | 179

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

APPENDIX 5 ― SCHEDULED OR UNSCHEDULED DAM SAFETY INSPECTION FORM

A form designed for use during scheduled dam safety inspections – which includes pre- and post- monsoon inspections – follows. The form contains a comprehensive checklist (Part 2a) of items that are found at dams that need to be evaluated during a safety inspection. The checklist consists of (1) a series of questions that need to be answered as Yes/No/Not Applicable for each inspection item, (2) a remarks box in which critical aspects can be commented upon following each question, and (3) a final condition assessment (Unsatisfactory/Poor/Fair/Satisfactory) for that inspection item. Not all inspection items will be found at a dam. The form concludes with a Consolidated Dam Health Status Report (Part 2b)

Page | 179

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

Page | 180

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Scheduled / Unscheduled Dam Safety Inspection Form Part 1a - Inspection Details:

Dam Name: Project ID Code (PIC):

Dam Type: Dam Purpose:

Dam Owner: Hazard Classification:

Dam Operator: Inspection by:

City/State/PIN: Date of Inspection:

District: Reservoir Level:

Latitude: Auxiliary Spillway Level:

Longitude: Weather Conditions:

Part 1b - Inspection Remarks: Please provide any additional information or comments not covered by Part 1a form above.

Page | 181

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Part 2a - Inspection Checklist:

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Y N NA

A Reservoir

A1.1 General Condition Is the reservoir water level unusually high or 1.1.1 low?

1.1.2 Are there signs of decline in water quality? Unsatisfactory/Poor/

Fair/Satisfactory

1.1.3 Are there signs of recent sediment deposition?

1.1.4 Is floating debris present?

Are there people or livestock in and around

1.1.5 reservoir?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

B Dam and Dam Reach (Embankment)

B1.1 General Condition

Any major alterations or changes to the dam 1.1.1 since the last inspection? Is there any new nearby development in the 1.1.2 downstream floodplain? Page | 182

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any misalignment of poles, fencing or walls 1.1.3

due to dam movement? B1.2 Upstream Slope

1.2.1 Any signs of bulging or concavity (depressions)?

1.2.2 Presence of longitudinal or transverse cracks?

1.2.3 Any signs of distress to the stability of slopes?

1.2.4 Any other signs of structural distress or instability?

Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at any lo- 1.2.5 cation? Is there evidence of livestock on the upstream 1.2.6 slope? Are ants, termites, crabs or other burrowing animals 1.2.7 present?

1.2.8 Any degradation to slope protection (rip-rap)?

1.2.9 Any other issues?

B1.3 Crest of Dam

1.3.1 Any signs of excessive or uneven settlement?

1.3.2 Presence of longitudinal or transverse cracks?

Page | 183

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Presence of undulations, local depressions or heav- 1.3.3 ing?

1.3.4 Any degradation to access road (sealed/unsealed)?

1.3.5 Evidence of livestock on dam crest?

Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at any lo- 1.3.6

cation?

Any degradation to edges of dam crest or reduction 1.3.7 in width? Any degradation to upstream parapet or down- 1.3.8 stream curb wall?

1.3.9 Any other issues?

B1.4 Downstream Slope

1.4.1 Any signs of bulging or concavity (depressions)?

Any wet patches (seepage), concentrated leaks or 1.4.2

evidence of boiling?

1.4.3 Presence of longitudinal or transverse cracks?

1.4.4 Any signs of distress to the stability of slopes?

Are of rain cuts/erosion channels present at any lo- 1.4.5 cation?

1.4.6 Any other signs of structural distress or instability?

Page | 184

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes at any lo- 1.4.7 cation? Is there evidence of livestock on the downstream 1.4.8 slope? Are ants, termites, crabs or other burrowing animals 1.4.9

present?

1.4.10 Any other degradation to slope protection (turfing)?

1.4.11 Any other issues?

B1.5 Breaching Section

1.5.1 Any difficulties in accessing the breaching section?

1.5.2 Evidence of recent degradation?

1.5.3 Any other issues?

B1.6 Junction with Masonry/Concrete Dam Section Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots in the 1.6.1 vicinity of the junction? Any presence of cracking, settlement or upheaval of 1.6.2 earthwork?

1.6.3 Any evidence of erosion or slope instability?

1.6.4 Any other issues?

Page | 185

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

B1.7 Abutment Contacts Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots in the 1.7.1 vicinity of the abutment? Any presence of cracking, settlement or upheaval of 1.7.2 earthwork?

1.7.3 Any evidence of erosion or slope instability?

1.7.4 Trees or profuse growth of weeds/bushes?

Any degradation to up/downstream slope protec- 1.7.5 tion (rip-rap, turfing)?

1.7.6 Any other issues?

B2 Dam and Dam Block/Reach (Concrete/Masonry)

B2.1 General Condition Any major alterations or changes to the dam since

2.1.1 the last inspection? Is there any new nearby development in the down- 2.1.2 stream floodplain? Any misalignment of poles, fencing or walls due to 2.1.3 dam movement?

B2.2 Upstream Face Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, stain- 2.2.1 ing, stratification)?

Page | 186

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 2.2.2 disintegration)? Is cracking present (structural, thermal, along 2.2.3 joints)? Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 2.2.4

set/open joints)?

Presence of vegetation (growth in joints between 2.2.5 blocks)? Evidence of any other damage to joints 2.2.6 and/orwaterstops?

2.2.7 Any other issues?

B2.3 Crest of Dam Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 2.3.1 set/open joints)? Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 2.3.2 joints)? Profuse growth of weeds/grass/plants at any loca- 2.3.3 tion?

2.3.4 Any degradation to access road?

Any degradation to upstream parapet or down- 2.3.5 stream curb wall?

2.3.6 Any other issues?

B2.4 Downstream Face

Page | 187

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Evidence of surface defects (honey-combing, stain- 2.4.1 ing, stratification)? Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 2.4.2 disintegration)? Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 2.4.3 joints)? Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 2.4.4 set/open joints)? Presence of vegetation (growth in joints between 2.4.5 blocks)? Evidence of any other damage to joints and/or 2.4.6 waterstops? Excessive seepage/sweating at any location on 2.4.7 downstream face? Significant leakage at any location on downstream 2.4.8 face?

2.4.9 Any other issues?

B2.5 Abutment Contacts Any presence of leaks, springs or wet spots in vicin- 2.5.1

ity of abutment?

2.5.2 Any presence of cracking or settlement?

Profuse growth of weeds/grass/plants at any loca- 2.5.3 tion?

2.5.4 Any other issues?

Page | 188

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

C1 Gallery/Shaft and Drainage (Embankment)

C1.1 General Condition

Slushy condition or water logging immediately 1.1.1 downstream of dam?

1.1.2 Any evidence of boiling in vicinity of dam toe?

C1.2 Gallery/Shaft Condition Any problems accessing or inspecting gallery/shaft 1.2.1 (obstruction)? Any safety issues (inadequate handrails, lighting or 1.2.2 ventilation)? Problems of inadequate drainage (slippery stairs, wa-

1.2.3 ter logging of gallery)? Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 1.2.4 set/open joints)? Excessive seepage/sweating at any location along 1.2.5 gallery/shaft? Significant leakage at any location along gal- 1.2.6 lery/shaft?

1.2.7 Any other issues?

C1.3 Drain Condition

1.3.1 Is the flow in the drain unusually high or low?

Page | 189

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any reduction/deterioration in the drain section or 1.3.2 slope? Presence of debris or profuse growth of 1.3.3 weeds/bushes at any location?

1.3.4 Any other obstruction to the flow of the drain?

Is the flow in the drain noticeably sporadic/irregu- 1.3.5 lar? Does the drainage water have high turbidity (high 1.3.6 sediment load)?

1.3.7 Any other issues?

C2 Gallery/Shaft and Drainage (Concrete/Masonry)

C2.1 General Condition Slushy condition or water logging just downstream 2.1.1 of dam? C2.2 Gallery/Shaft Condition Any problems accessing or inspecting gallery/shaft

2.2.1 (obstruction)? Any safety issues (inadequate handrails, lighting or 2.2.2 ventilation)? Problems of inadequate drainage (slippery stairs, 2.2.3

water logging of gallery)?

Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, stain- 2.2.4 ing, stratification)?

Page | 190

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 2.2.5 disintegration)? Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 2.2.6 joints)? Evidence of differential settlement (displaced/off- 2.2.7 set/open joints)? Evidence of any other damage to joints and/or 2.2.8 waterstops? Excessive seepage/sweating at any location along 2.2.9 gallery/shaft? Significant leakage at any location along gal- 2.2.10 lery/shaft?

2.2.11 Any other issues?

C2.3 Drain Condition

2.3.1 Is the flow in the drain unusually high or low?

2.3.2 Presence of calcium or other deposits in drain?

Any other evidence of the drain being blocked/hav- 2.3.3 ing reduced section? Is the flow in the drain noticeably sporadic/irregu- 2.3.4 lar? Does the drainage water have unusual color (leach- 2.3.5 ate)?

2.3.6 Any other issues?

Page | 191

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

D1 Spillway and Energy Dissipation Structure

1.1 Spillway Any problems inspecting spillway (obstructed ac- 1.1.1 cess, damaged catwalk)? Any obstructions in or immediately downstream of 1.1.2 the spillway? Evidence of abrasion, cavitation or scour on glacis 1.1.3 (e.g. exposed reinforcement)?

1.1.4 Presence of displaced, offset or open joints?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along 1.1.5 joints)? Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, stain- 1.1.6 ing, stratification)? Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 1.1.7 disintegration)? Presence of vegetation (growth in joints between 1.1.8 blocks)? Evidence of any other damage to joints and/or wa- 1.1.9 ter stops? Excessive seepage/sweating at any location on spill- 1.1.10 way glacis?

1.1.11 Significant leakage at any location on spillway glacis?

1.1.12 Any other issues?

Page | 192

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

D1.2 Energy Dissipation Structure Any problems inspecting energy dissipation struc- 1.2.1 ture? Any obstructions in or immediately downstream of 1.2.2 dissipation structure? Evidence of abrasion, cavitation or scour on dissi- 1.2.3 pation structure?

1.2.4 Presence of displaced, offset or open joints?

Presence of cracking (structural, thermal, along

1.2.5 joints)? Evidence of surface defects (honeycombing, stain- 1.2.6 ing, stratification)? Concrete/masonry deterioration (spalling, leaching, 1.2.7 disintegration)? Presence of vegetation (growth in joints between 1.2.8 blocks)? Evidence of any other damage to joints and/or 1.2.9 waterstops? Any problems with under-drainage (blockage of 1.2.10 open drain holes)?

1.2.11 Any other issues?

E1 Intake/Outlet and Water Conveyance Structure

E1.1 Intake/Outlet Structure

Page | 193

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any problems inspecting intake/outlet structure (ob- 1.1.1 structed/unsafe access)? Any obstructions in, upstream or downstream of in- 1.1.2 take/outlet structure? Evidence of abrasion, cavitation or scour on in- 1.1.3 take/outlet structure? Any evidence of structural distress (displaced/off- 1.1.4 set/open joints, cracking)? Any evidence of surface defects and/or con- 1.1.5 crete/masonry deterioration?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

E1.2 Water Conveyance Structure Any problems inspecting intake/outlet structure (ob-

1.2.1 structed/unsafe access)? Any obstructions in, upstream or downstream of wa- 1.2.2 ter conveyance structure? Evidence of abrasion, cavitation or scour on struc- 1.2.3 ture? Any evidence of structural distress (displaced/off- 1.2.4 set/open joints, cracking)?

Any evidence of surface defects and/or material de- 1.2.5 terioration? Any evidence of seepage or leakage from water con- 1.2.6 veyance structure? 1.2.7 Any other issues?

Page | 194

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

F1 Hydro-Mechanical Component and Turbine/Pump

F1.1 Gates, Stop Logs and Bulk Heads Any problems inspecting gate/stop log/bulk head 1.1.1 (obstructed/unsafe access)? Any issues with storage of equipment (emergency 1.1.2 stop logs, and gate leaves)? Missing or inadequate spare parts (particularly re- 1.1.3 quiring regular replacement)? Any deterioration of equipment (connecting bolts, 1.1.4 welds, surface, paint work?) Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.1.5 operation? Any problems with the rollers (not touching tracks, 1.1.6 inadequate lubrication)? Any problems with the seals (damage, weathering, 1.1.7 gaps with bearing surface)?

1.1.8 Any other issues?

F1.2 Hoists, Cranes and Operating Mechanisms Any problems inspecting hoist/crane/operating

1.2.1 mechanism? Missing or inadequate spare parts (particularly re- 1.2.2 quiring regular replacement)? Any deterioration of equipment (connecting bolts, 1.2.3 welds, surface, paint work?)

Page | 195

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any wear or damage to wire cables and other mov- 1.2.4 ing parts? Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.2.5 operation? Missing or inadequate provision of back-up/standby 1.2.6 power supply? Any health and safety concerns (e.g. lack of "danger" 1.2.7 sign during maintenance)?

1.2.8 Any other issues?

F1.3 Valves

1.3.1 Any problems inspecting valve?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.3.2 operation? Any deterioration of valve and associated equip- 1.3.3 ment?

1.3.4 Any other issues?

F1.4 Trash Racks

1.4.1 Any problems inspecting trash rack?

Problems of excessive debris and/or inadequate 1.4.2 cleaning? Any deterioration of trash rack (rust, corrosion, and 1.4.3 damaged blades)?

Page | 196

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

1.4.4 Any other issues?

F1.5 Trash Rack Cleaning Machines Any problems inspecting trash rack cleaning ma-

1.5.1 chine? Missing or inadequate spare parts (particularly re- 1.5.2 quiring regular replacement)? Any deterioration of equipment (connecting bolts, 1.5.3 welds, surface, paint work?) Any wear or damage to wire cables and other mov- 1.5.4 ing parts? Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.5.5

operation?

Missing or inadequate provision of back-up/standby 1.5.6 power supply? Any health and safety concerns (e.g. lack of "danger" 1.5.7 sign during maintenance)?

1.5.8 Any other issues?

F1.6 Turbines

1.6.1 Any problems inspecting turbine?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.6.2 operation? Any deterioration of turbine, blades and associated 1.6.3 equipment?

Page | 197

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

1.6.4 Any other issues?

F1.7 Pumps

1.7.1 Any problems inspecting pump?

Any obstructions preventing or impairing smooth 1.7.2 operation? Any deterioration of pump and associated equip- 1.7.3 ment?

1.7.4 Any other issues?

G1 Access Road

G1.1 General Condition Any problems ensuring security of dam site (includ- 1.1.1 ing gates and fencing)? Any obstructions along or at entrance to access road 1.1.2 (temporary or long-term)? Any slope stability issues (road embankment or adja- 1.1.3 cent slopes)? Profuse growth of weeds/grass on or in vicinity of 1.1.4 access road? Any drainage problems (standing water on or adja- 1.1.5 cent to road)? Any other degradation to road surface (ruts, pot- 1.1.6 holes, cavities, cracking)?

Page | 198

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

1.1.7 Any other issues?

H1 Instrumentation

H1.1 General Condition Any problems inspecting instrument (ob- 1.1.1 structed/unsafe access)? Is the instrument vulnerable to damage or theft (in- 1.1.2 adequate protection)? Any problems ensuring correct functioning of in- 1.1.3 strument (lighting, ventilation)? Any evidence of degradation to condition of instru- 1.1.4 ment (rusting, vandalism)? Any evidence of instrument not working (decom- 1.1.5 missioned, broken)?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

I1 OtherAppurtenant Structures (Flexi-Component)

I1.1 Bridges and Catwalks Any problems inspecting bridge or catwalk (ob- 1.1.1 structed/unsafe access)?

Page | 199

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Any security issues relating to unauthorized access 1.1.2 (e.g. for gate operation)? Are the decking, girders and supports structurally 1.1.3 sound? Any evidence of defects or deterioration of steel, 1.1.4 concrete or paint work?

1.1.5 Any other issues?

I1.2 Guide Walls Any problems inspecting guide wall (obstructed/un- 1.2.1 safe access)? Any problem with drainage from behind wall (e.g.

1.2.2 blocked weep holes)? Any evidence of scour, foundation erosion or under- 1.2.3 cutting? Any signs of differential settlement, cracking or tilt- 1.2.4 ing?

1.2.5 Any other issues?

I1.3 Miscellaneous

1.3.1 Any other issues? (please specify part)

J1 Emergency Preparedness

J1.1 Emergency Action Plan

Page | 200

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

SN Inspection Item Responsea Remarks Conditionb

Is the Emergency Action Plan (EAP) still pending, 1.1.1 inadequate or outdated? If not, are any dam staff unaware or insufficiently 1.1.2 conversant with the EAP? Any concerned authorities unaware or insufficiently 1.1.3 conversant with the EAP? Do the communication directories/contact details 1.1.4 require updating? Any problems accessing or operating the communi- 1.1.5 cation/warning system?

1.1.6 Any other issues?

aRespond either yes (Y), no (N) or not applicable (NA). bCondition: Please rate the condition as either Satisfactory, Fair, Poor or Unsatisfactory as described below: 1. Satisfactory - No existing or potential dam safety deficiencies are recognized. Acceptable performance is expected under all loading conditions (static, hydrologic, seismic) in accordance with the applicable regulatory criteria or tolerable risk guidelines. 2. Fair - No existing dam safety deficiencies are recognized for normal loading conditions. Rare or extreme hydrologic and/or seismic events may result in a dam safety deficiency. Risk may be in the range to take further action. 3. Poor - A dam safety deficiency is recognized for loading conditions which may realistically occur. Remedial action is necessary. Poor may also be used when uncertainties exist as to critical analysis parameters which identify a potential dam safety deficiency. Further investigations and studies are necessary. 4. Unsatisfactory - A dam safety deficiency is recognized that requires immediate or emergency remedial action for problem resolution.

Page | 201

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Part 2b – Consolidated Dam Health Status Report:

Observations/Significant SN Remedial Measures Suggested Categorya Deficiencies Noticed

aCategory I – deficiencies which may lead to failure; Category II – major deficiencies requiring prompt remedial measures; Category III – minor remedial measures which are rectifiable during the year

Page | 202

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

APPENDIX 6 – CCTV CAMERA SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEM for KRS DAM Design considerations and Salient Features SECURITY POLICIES  No unauthorized personnel on the dam

 All tourist entry restricted to the frontal entrance of Brindavan gardens with provision for vehicle parking far away from the dam

 All departmental personal either CNNL, Police, Horticulture etc should carry access cards for gaining entry at dam gates.

 All casual Laborers should carry access card along with photos for working in the Dam premises.

 Access card can be procured from the EE office with proper representation

 Only departmental vehicles with access card affixed are allowed on the dam and their movement recorded.

 No boats or other marine vehicles are allowed to approach the dam either from the backwater area or at the tourist boating area.

Page | 203

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

 The horticulture land near Vishveshwariah canal with its thick undergrowth is a major vulnerable area with steps at the side of the canals for easy approach to dam. Barbed Fencing is done in this area.

 All approach to the Dam by steps either at the Cauvery statue or at the canals are barred for general public.

 The hotel management of Royal Orchid should be strictly instructed to keep a log of all vehicles parked at their premises.

 A proper day/night armed patrolling unit has deployed by KSISF Police in KRS Dam.

 An emergency response unit has to be in place for threats detected and alarms raised.

KRS Security Surveillance – Mission & Approach Mission:  Design and Propose a comprehensive solution to detect, deter and protect KRS Dam from threats as per security policies envisaged

 Maintain central monitoring & control of all vulnerable areas in and around the dam.

 Minimal interruption to public in general areas, while achieving this objective

Identification & Coverage of Vulnerable Areas Secure following vulnerable Areas  North Gate Section

 Road starting East of North Gate

 Walkway below the dam starting from North Gate

 The entire dam area starting from North Gate to South Gate

 Walkway below the dam on South Side

 Spillway gates at the South Section

 Viswesvaraya Canal area and steps

 Tourist boating area

 Parking lots and roads leading to the area

 Main entrance to Brindavan Gardens

 Small Bridge on entrance to North of Brindavan gardens

 Cauvery Statue and steps leading on to dam

Page | 204

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

 South Gate Section

Systems Considered in Design Following are considered to arrive at a Comprehensive security solution.  Access Control for Entry and Exit points

 Boom Barriers for vehicle traffic control

 IP CCTV cameras at various locations for monitoring and Alert generation

 Video Analytics at critical places

 Bagage scanners & Door Frame Metal Detectors and Handheld Detectors at public points

 Public Address System to announce intrusion including deterring approach from backwaters by warning announcements

 Central Control Room for monitoring and storage

 Secondary control room for multi-monitoring.

Page | 205

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

IP CCTV and Analytics Solution Considered

 IP is fully digital. Easy to install and maintain in this huge campus scenario.

 Track, record and prosecute. Excellent deterrence.

 System proposed is Onboard IP based CCTV System.

 Edge based (on camera) analytics whee needed.

 Manufacturers with proven track record & experience in IP CCTV products and Software considered  36X, 18XPTZ Cameras, Edge Based Analytics Camera, Mega-Pixel Box Cameras, Fixed Box Cameras – All of these are full IP cameras with day/night and outdoor rated, 50o C Operating temp.

 POE for All box cameras.  All cameras should fully integrate to one DVMS Soft- ware

IP CCTV and Analytics Solution Considered  Why Video Analytics (VA)?

 Security operators can not effectively monitor multiple surveillance cameras and sensors

 Not affected by changes in illumination, or weather

 Detects Events

 Motion: move in wrong direction, enter/exit, running, loitering

 People interaction: people merge, people talked

 Object interaction: object left unattended, object removed

 Video events: video lost/restored, camera blocked, etc.

 Raise real-time alarms

 Fast Search and Retrieval

 By object, by event, by camera, by date and/or time

 Path Analysis

Page | 206

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 207

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

IP CCTV and Analytics Solution Considered  Systems and Locations Considered

 North Gate & Road East of North Gate

 Megapixel Box IP Camera (monitor traffic

 lanes and area) – 2 Nos.

 Dome IP Camera (in guard station) – 1 no.

 Secondary Monitoring Station – 1 no.

 Walkway below the Dam Starting from North

 Gate (including Viswesvaraya canal area)

 18X IP PTZ Camera (one camera every 200 meters) – 6 Nos.

 Road on the Dam Starting from North Gate and ending at South Gate

 36X IP PTZ Camera (one camera every 350 meters) – 8 Nos.

 Walkway below the Dam on South side

 18X IP PTZ Camera (one camera every 200 meters) – 4 Nos.

IP CCTV and Analytics Solution Considered  Systems and Locations Considered

 Spillway Gates at the South Section

 Fixed Box Analytics IP Camera (one camera every 50 meters to cover both sides of 500 meters spillway gates) – 18 Nos

 36X IP PTZ Camera (camera on dividing walls of gates) – 3 Nos.

Page | 208

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

 Tourist Boating area

 36X IP PTZ Camera (one to monitor entire area) – 1 No

 Mega-Pixel Box IP Camera (monitor people boarding boats) – 1 No

 Parking Lots and Road leading to it Sec- tion

 36X IP PTZ Camera (monitoring entire parking lots and main entrance) – 5 Nos.

IP CCTV and Analytics Solution Considered  Systems and Locations Considered

 Main entrance

 MegaPixel Box IP Camera (monitor entry/exit at main

 gate) – 3 Nos.  Dome IP Camera (in guard station) – 1 no

 Secondary Monitoring Station – 1 no

 Small Bridge on the Entrance towards North  of Brindavan gardens

 Megapixel Box IP Camera (monitor people accessing the area) – 1No

 Cauvery Statue – Road leading on to Dam

 Megapixel Box IP Camera (monitor traffic lanes and area) – 2 Nos

 South Gate Section

 Megapixel Box IP Camera (monitor traffic lanes and area) – 3 Nos

Page | 209

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Access Control Solution Considered  Why this Solution?

 Control and track movement of people and vehicles.

 Define restricted areas.

 ID on Access Control cards may be issued to Employees and Visitors.

Access Control Solution Considered  Systems and Locations Considered

 North Gate & Road East of North Gate

 2 reader IP Intelligent Control Panel – 3 Nos.

 Long Range Readers (for Vehicles) – 4 nos.

 Standard Readers (for People) – 2 nos.

 Small Bridge towards North Gardens

 2 reader IP Intelligent Control Panel – 1 No.

 Standard Readers (for People) – 2 nos.

 Main entrance

 2 reader IP Intelligent Control Panel – 1 No.

 Standard Readers (for People) – 2 nos.

 Cauvery Statue

 2 reader IP Intelligent Control Panel – 1 No.

 Long Range Readers (for Vehicles) – 2 nos.

 South Gate Section

 2 reader IP Intelligent Control Panel – 2 Nos.

 Long Range Readers (for Vehicles) – 2 nos.

 Standard Readers (for People) – 1 no.

Page | 210

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Boom Barriers Solutions Considered  Why this Solution?

 Control Vehicle Traffic.

 Define restricted areas.

 Prevent Gate Crashers

 Tire Busters may be added later.

 Integrates with the Access Control System and quick opening of 3 sec.

Boom Barriers Solutions Considered  Systems and Locations Consid- ered

 North Gate & Road East of North

 Gate

 Boom Barriers 6 Meters – 2 Nos.

 Boom Barriers 3.5 Meters – 2

Nos.

 Cauvery Statue

 Boom Barriers 3.5 Meters – 2 Nos.

 South Gate Section

 Boom Barriers 6 Meters – 2 Nos.

 Road should be appropriately

 prepared at the boom barrier locations.

Page | 211

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Public Address System Solutions  Why this Solution?

 IP based Public Address system

 Strictly monitor 500 meters of dam area near spillway gates.

 Video Analytics will detect any intrusion.

 PA System will Announce to any trespassers and intrusion thru backwaters.

 Personnel in Control Room can make central announcements.

Public Address System Solutions  Systems and Locations Considered

 Spillway Gates at the South Section

 Outdoor rated Speakers (places every 30 meters along the dam line) – 48 Nos.

 South Gate Section

 This will host all Amplifier and IP Connectors

 These equipment connect to Control Room via IP network backbone.

Door Frame Metal Detectors (DFMD) & Baggage Scanner Solutions  Why this Solution?

 Screen tourist , Employees and their baggage

 Low Cost Deterrence and Increased sense of security

 Prevent explosives, Firearms and weapons from being smuggled inside.

 First line of defense against any unacceptable and threatening items from entering into the garden campus

Page | 212

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

 Traffic Counter

DOOR FRAME METAL DETECTORS (DFMD) AND BAGGAGE SCANNER SOLU- TIONS  Systems and Locations Considered

 Main entrance

 Baggage Scanners (one for each entrance) – 1 No.

 Multi-Zone DFMD (one for each entrance) – 1 No

 Hand Wands (two entrances) – 2 Nos.

 Boating entrance

 Multi-Zone DFMD (one for each entrance) – 1 No.

 Hand Wands (two entrances) – 2 Nos.

 Area should be prepared appropriately at the locations, so that people only pass thru DFMD’s.

Page | 213

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Control Room Setup  Why this Solution?

 One Central Location to control entire premises

 Secondary Monitoring for local control

 Mini control room provided at both EE office and Police station for dual monitoring

 Central storage and retrieval for postmortem on any incident

 All security personnel to be provided with walkie talkie for communication

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND BACKBONE

North Gate

Control Room Fiber Optic Backbone

Garden South Entrance Gate

Page | 214

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Page | 215

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY

Page | 216

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

APPENDIX 8 - GLOSSARY

Dam – any artificial barrier including appur- i) Occurrence of a flood, which resulted in tenant works constructed across rivers or encroachment on the available free- tributaries thereof with a view to impound or board, or the adopted design freeboard; divert water; includes barrage, weir and simi- j) Erosion in the near vicinity, up to five lar water impounding structures but does not hundred meters, downstream of the include water conveyance structures such as spillway, waste weir, etc.; and canal, aqueduct and navigation channel and k) Any other event that prudence suggests flow regulation structures such as flood em- would have a significant unfavorable bankments, dikes, and guide bunds. impact on dam safety. Dam failure – failures in the structures or Dam inspection – on-site visual examina- operation of a dam which may lead to the tion of all components of dam and its appur- uncontrolled release of impounded water re- tenances by one or more persons trained in sulting in downstream flooding affecting the this respect and includes investigation of the life and property of the people. non-overflow portion, spillways, abutments, Dam incident – all problems occurring to a stilling basin, piers, bridge, downstream toe, dam that has not degraded into ‘dam failure’ drainage galleries, operation of mechanical and including the following: systems (including gates and its components, drive units, cranes), interior of outlet con- a) Structural damage to the dam and ap- duits, instrumentation records, and record- purtenant works; keeping arrangements. b) Unusual readings of instruments in the dam; Dam owner – the Central Government or a c) Unusual seepage or leakage through the State Government or public sector undertak- dam body; ing or local authority or company and any or d) Change in the seepage or leakage re- all of such persons or organizations, who gime; own, control, operate or maintain a specified e) Boiling or artesian conditions noticed dam. below an earth dam; Dam safety – the practice of ensuring the f) Stoppage or reduction in seepage or integrity and viability of dams such that they leakage from the foundation or body of do not present unacceptable risks to the pub- the dam into any of the galleries, for lic, property, and the environment. It requires dams with such galleries; the collective application of engineering prin- g) Malfunctioning or inappropriate ciples and experience, and a philosophy of operation of gates; risk management that recognizes that a dam h) Occurrence of any flood, the peak of is a structure whose safe function is not ex- which exceeds the available flood dis- plicitly determined by its original design and charge capacity or 70% of the approved construction. It also includes all actions taken design flood; to identify or predict deficiencies and

Page | 217

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 consequences related to failure, and to docu- classifies dam hazards as “low”, “significant”, ment, publicize, and reduce, eliminate, or re- or “high”. mediate to the extent reasonably possible, Maintenance― the recurring activities nec- any unacceptable risks. essary to retain or restore a dam in a safe and Decommission― Taking a dam out of ser- functioning condition, including the manage- vice in an environmentally sound and safe ment of vegetation, the repair or replacement manner or converting it to another purpose. of failed components, the prevention or Design life― the intended period that the treatment of deterioration, and the repair of dam will function successfully with only rou- damages caused by flooding or vandalism. tine maintenance; determined during design Operation― the administration, manage- phase. ment, and performance of maintenance ac- Distress condition – the occurrence or po- tivities necessary to keep a dam safe and tential development of such conditions in the functioning as planned. dam or appurtenance or its reservoir or res- Program ― any authorized activity used to ervoir rim, which if left unattended to, may implement and carry out goals, actions, and impede the safe operation of dam for its in- objectives contained within the authorizing tended benefits or may pose unacceptable legislation. risks to the life and property of people down- Program Life― the period in a contract, stream. conservation plan, or plan during which the Documentation – all permanent records conservation practice or conservation system concerning investigation, design, construc- shall be maintained and used for the intended tion, operation, performance, maintenance purpose; determined by program require- and safety of dams and includes design mem- ments. orandum, construction drawings, geological Rehabilitation― the completion of all work reports, reports of specialized studies simu- necessary to extend the service life of the lating structural and hydraulic response of practice or component and meet applicable the dam, changes made in design and draw- safety and performance standards. ings, quality control records, emergency action plan, operation and maintenance man- Repair― actions to restore deteriorated, ual, instrumentation readings, inspection and damaged, or failed dam or its component to testing reports, operational reports, and dam an acceptable by meeting functional condi- safety review reports; tion. Emergency Action Plan(EAP)― a plan of Replacement― the removal of a structure action to be taken to reduce the potential for or component and installation of a similar, damage to property and loss of life in the area functional structure or component. affected by failure of a dam or other poten- Service Life― the actual period after con- tially hazardous practice. struction of a dam, during which the practice Hazard Classification― a system that cate- functions adequately and safely with only gorizes dams according to the degree of ad- routine maintenance; determined by on-site verse incremental consequences of a failure review. or improper operation of the dam. CWC

Page | 218

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Abutment―that part of a valley side against Concrete Lift―in concrete works the verti- which a dam is constructed. Right and left cal distance between successive horizontal abutments are those on respective sides of construction joints. the of an observer looking downstream. Conduit Outlet Works―a closed conduit Air-Vent Pipe―a pipe designed to provide for conveying discharge through or under a air to the outlet conduit to reduce turbulence dam for different project purposes. during release of water and safeguard against Consolidation Grouting (Blanket Grout- damages due to cavitation. ing)―the injection of grout to consolidate a Appurtenant Structures―ancillary features layer of the foundation, resulting in greater of a dam, such as the outlet, spillway, energy impermeability, strength, or both. dissipation arrangement powerhouse, tun- Construction Joint―the interface between nels, etc. two successive placing or pours of concrete Arch Dam―a concrete or masonry dam that where a bond, not permanent separation, is is curved to transmit the major part of the intended. water pressure to the abutments. Core Wall―a wall built of impervious mate- Backwater Curve―the longitudinal profile rial, usually concrete or asphaltic concrete, in of the water surface in an open channel the body of an embankment dam to prevent where the depth of flow has been increased leakage. by an obstruction, an increase in channel Crest Length―the length of the dam at its roughness, a decrease in channel width, or a crest (dam top) top of a dam, including the flattening of the bed slope. length of the spillway, powerhouse, naviga- Base Width (Base Thickness)―the maxi- tion lock, fish pass, etc., where these struc- mum width or thickness of a dam measured tures form part of the length of a dam. If de- horizontally between upstream and down- tached from a dam, these structures should stream faces and normal (perpendicular) to not be included. the axis of the dam but excluding projections Crest of dam―Used to indicate the “top of for outlets, etc. dam”. To avoid confusion to indicate the Berm―a horizontal step or bench in the crest of spillway and top of dam may be used. sloping profile of an embankment dam. Culvert―a drain or waterway built under a Upstream Blanket―an impervious layer road, railway, or embankment, usually con- placed on the reservoir floor upstream of a sisting of a pipe or covered conduits dam. In case of an embankment dam, the Cutoff―an impervious construction or ma- blanket may be connected to the impermea- terial which reduces seepage through the ble element in a dam. foundation material. Buttress dam―a dam consisting of a water- Cutoff trench―an excavation later to be tight upstream face supported at intervals on filled with impervious material to form a cut- the downstream side by a series of buttresses. off. Cofferdam―a temporary structure enclosing Cutoff wall―a wall of impervious material all or part of a construction area so that con- (e.g., concrete, asphaltic concrete, steel-sheet struction can proceed in a dry area.

Page | 219

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 piling) built into the foundation to reduce pervious layers in foundation overlaid by an seepage under the dam. impervious layer to arrest boiling. Dead storage―the storage that lies below Drawdown―the lowering of water surface the invert of the lowest outlet and that, there- level due to release of water from a reservoir. fore, cannot be withdrawn from the reser- Earthen dam or earth filled dam―see embank- voir. ment dam. Design flood―see spillway design flood. Embankment dam (Fill dam)― any dam Diaphragm―see membrane. constructed of excavated natural materials. Dike (Levee)―a long low embankment Earth dam (Earth fill dam)―An embank- whose height is usually less than 5 m and ment dam in which more than 50 percent of whose length is more than 10 times the max- the total volume is formed of compacted imum height. Usually applied to embank- fine-grained material obtained from a borrow ments or structures built to protect land from area. flooding. If built of concrete or masonry, the Homogeneous earth fill dam― an em- structure is usually referred to as a flood wall. bankment dam constructed of similar earth Also, used to describe embankments that material throughout, except internal drains or block areas on a reservoir rim that are lower drainage blankets; distinguished from a than the top of the main dam and that are zoned earth fill dam. quite long. In the Mississippi River basin, where the old French word levee has survived, Hydraulic fill dam―an embankment dam the term now applies to flood-protecting em- constructed of materials, often dredged, that bankments whose height can average up to are conveyed and placed by suspension in 15 m. flowing water. Diversion channel, canal, or tunnel―a wa- Rock fill dam―an embankment dam in terway used to divert water from its natural which more than 50 percent of the total vol- course. These terms are generally applied to ume comprises compacted or dumped pervi- temporary structures such as those designed ous natural or crushed rock. to bypass water around a dam site during Rolled fill dam―an embankment dam of construction. “Channel’ is normally used in- earth or rock in which the material is placed stead of “canal” when the waterway is short. in layers and compacted using rollers or roll- Occasionally these terms are applied to per- ing equipment. manent structures. Zoned embankment dam―an embank- Drainage area―an area that drains naturally ment dam composed of zones of materials to a point on a river. selected for different degrees of porosity, Drainage layer or blanket―a layer of per- permeability and density. meable material in a dam to relieve pore pres- Emergency spillway―see spillway. sure or to facilitate drainage of fill. Face―the external surface of a structure, Relief well―vertical wells or boreholes, con- e.g., the surface of a wall of a dam. structed downstream of an embankment Failure―the uncontrolled release of water dam to relieve the pressure from confined from a dam. Page | 220

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Filter (filter zone)―A band or zone of gran- Freeboard―the vertical distance between a ular material that is incorporated into a dam stated reservoir level and the top of a dam. and is graded (either naturally or by selection) Normal freeboard is the vertical distance be- to allow seepage to flow across or down the tween Full Reservoir Level (FRL) and the top filter without causing the migration of mate- of the dam. Minimum freeboard is the verti- rial from zones adjacent to it. cal distance between the Maximum Water Flashboards―a length of timber, concrete, Level (MWL) and the top of the dam. or steel placed on the crest of a spillway to Gallery―(a) a passageway within the body of raise the retention water level but that may be a dam or abutment, hence the terms grouting quickly removed in the event of a flood, ei- gallery, inspection galleryanddrainage gallery (b) a ther by a tripping device or by deliberately de- long and rather narrow hall, hence the fol- signed failure of the flashboard or its sup- lowing terms for a power plant viz.valve gallery, ports. transformer gallery andbus bar gallery. Floodplain―an area adjoining a body of wa- Gate―a device in which a leaf or member is ter or natural stream that has been, or may moved across the waterway from an external be, covered by flood water. position to control or stop the flow. Floodplain management―a management Bulkhead gate―a gate used either for tem- program to reduce the consequences of porary closure of a channel or conduit to flooding, either by natural runoff or by dam empty it for inspection or maintenance or for failure, to existing and future properties in a closure against flowing water when the head floodplain. difference is small, e.g., for diversion tunnel Flood routing―the determination of the at- closure. Although a bulkhead gate is usually tenuating effect of storage on a flood passing opened and closed under nearly balanced through a valley, channel, or reservoir. pressures, it nevertheless may be capable of withstanding a high pressure differential Flood surcharge―the volume or space in a when in the closed position. reservoir between the controlled retention water level (Full Reservoir Level) and the Crest gate (spillway gate)―a gate on the maximum water level. Flood surcharge can- crest of a spillway to control overflow or res- not be retained in the reservoir but will flow ervoir water level. over the spillway until the controlled reten- Emergency gate―a standby or reserve gate tion water level is reached. which is lowers only for repairing / servicing Flood wall―a concrete wall constructed ad- of the service gate. jacent to a stream to prevent flooding of Fixed wheel gate (fixed-roller gate, fixed- property on the landward side of the wall, axle gate)―a gate having wheels or rollers normally constructed in lieu of or to supple- mounted on the end posts of the gate. The ment a levee where the land required for wheels move against rails fixed in side levee construction is expensive or not availa- grooves or gate guides. ble. Flap gate―a gate hinged along one edge, Foundation of dam―the natural material usually either the top or bottom edge. Exam- on which the dam structure is placed. ples of bottom-hinged flap gates are tilting

Page | 221

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 gates and belly gates, so called due to their streambed at the axis of the dam and the shape in cross-section. maximum controllable water surface. Flood gate―a gate to control flood release Hydrograph―a graphic representation of from a reservoir. discharge, stage, or other hydraulic property Guard gate(guard valve)―a gate or valve with respect to time for a point on a stream. that operates fully open or closed. It may (At times the term is applied to the phenom- function as a secondary device for shutting enon the graphic representation describes; off the flow of water in case the primary clo- hence a flood hydrograph is the passage of a sure device becomes inoperable but is usually flood discharge past the observation point.) operated under conditions of balanced pres- Inclinometer―an instrument, usually con- sure and no flow. sisting of a metal or plastic tube inserted in a Outlet gate―a gate controlling the outflow drill hole and a sensitized monitor either low- of water from a reservoir. ered into the tube or fixed within it. The monitor measures at different points the Radial gate (Taintergate)―a gate with a tube’s inclination to the vertical. By integra- curved upstream plate and radial arms hinged tion, the lateral position at various levels of to piers or other supporting structures. the tube may be found relative to a point, Service/Regulating gate(regulating usually the top or bottom of the tube, as- valve)―a gate or valve that operates under sumed to be fixed. The system may be used full pressure and flow to throttle and vary the to measure settlement. rate of discharge. Intake―any structure in a reservoir, dam, or Slide gate (sluice gate)―a gate that can be river through which water can be drawn into opened or closed by sliding it in supporting an aqueduct. guides. Internal Erosion―see piping. Gravity dam―a dam constructed of con- Inundation map―a map delineating the crete, masonry, or both that relies on its area that would be inundated in case of a fail- weight for stability. ure. Grout cap―a pad or wall constructed to fa- Leakage―Uncontrolled loss of water by cilitate pressure grouting of the grout curtain flow through a hole or crack. beneath it. Lining― a coating of asphaltic concrete, re- Grout curtain (grout cutoff)―a barrier pro- inforced or unreinforced concrete, shotcrete, duced by injecting grout into a vertical zone, rubber or plastic on a canal, tunnel etc. to usually narrow horizontally, in the founda- provide water tightness, prevent erosion, re- tion to reduce seepage under a dam. duce friction, or support the periphery of Height above lowest foundation―the structure. May also refer to lining, such as maximum height from the lowest point of steel or concrete, of outlet pipe or conduit. the general foundation to the top of the dam. Low-level outlet (bottom outlet)―an Hydraulic height―the height to which wa- opening at a lowlevel from a reservoir gener- ter rises behind a dam and the difference be- ally used for emptying or for scouring sedi- tween the lowest point in the original ment and sometimes for irrigation releases.

Page | 222

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Masonry dam―a dam constructed mainly of vehicles and pedestrians, or to prevent over- stone, brick, or concrete blocks that may or topping. may not be joined with mortar. A dam having Peak Flow―the maximum instantaneous only a masonry facing should not be referred discharge that occurs during a flood. It coin- to as a masonry dam. cides with the peak of a flood hydrograph. Maximum cross-section of dam―across- Pervious Zone―a part of the cross-section section of a dam at the point of its maximum of an embankment dam comprising material height. of high permeability. Maximum water level―the maximum wa- Phreatic Surface―thetop most flow line in ter level, including flood surcharge, the dam an embankment dam. is designed to withstand. Piezometer―an instrument for measuring Membrane (Diaphragm)―a sheet or thin pore water pressure within soil, rock, or con- zone or facing made of a flexible material, crete. sometimes referred to as a diaphragm wall or diaphragm. Piping―the progressive development of internal erosion by seepage, appearing down- Minimum operating level―the lowest level stream as a hole or seam discharging water to which the reservoir is drawn down under that contains soil particles. normal operating conditions. Pore Pressure―the interstitial pressure of Morning glory spillway―see spillway. water within a mass of soil, rock, or concrete. Full Reservoir Level (FRL)/Normal wa- Pressure Cell―an instrument for measuring ter level―for a reservoir with un-gated spill- pressure within a mass of soil, rock, or con- way it is the spillway crest level. For a reser- crete or at an interface between one and the voir, whose outflow is controlled wholly or other. partly by movable gates, siphons or other means, it is the maximum level to which wa- Pressure Relief Pipes―Pipes used to relieve ter can be stored under normal operating uplift or pore water pressure in a dam’s foun- conditions, exclusive of any provision for dation or structure. flood surcharge. Probable Maximum Flood (PMF)―a One-Hundred Year (100-Year) Exceed- flood that would result from the most severe ance Interval― the flood magnitude ex- combination of critical meteorological and pected to be equaled or exceeded on the av- hydrologic conditions possible in the region. erage of once in 100 years. It may also be ex- Probable Maximum Precipitation pressed as an exceedance frequency, i.e. a percent (PMP)―the maximum amount and duration chance of being exceeded in any given year. of precipitation that can be expected to occur Outlet―an opening through which water on a drainage basin. can be freely discharged from a reservoir. Pumped storage reservoir―a reservoir Overflow dam―a dam designed to be over- filled entirely or mainly with water pumped topped. from outside its natural drainage area. Parapet Wall―a solid wall built along the top of a dam for ornament, for the safety of Page | 223

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Regulating dam―a dam impounding a res- horizontal. In the United States, it is meas- ervoir from which water is released to regu- ured as the ratio of the number of units of late horizontal distance to the number of corre- Reservoir area―the surface area of a reser- sponding units of vertical distance. The term voir when filled to controlled retention level. is used in English for any inclination and is expressed as a percentage when the slope is Reservoir routing―the computation by gentle, in which case the term gradient is also which the interrelated effects of the inflow used. hydrograph, reservoir storage, and discharge from the reservoir are evaluated. Slope Protection―the protection of a slope against wave action or erosion. Reservoir surface―the surface of a reservoir at any level. Sluiceway―see low-level outlet. Riprap―a layer of large stones, broken rock, Spillway―a structure over or through which or precast blocks placed randomly on the up- flood flows are discharged. If the flow is con- stream slope of an embankment dam, on a trolled by gates, it is a controlled spillway; if reservoir shore, or on the sides of a channel the elevation of the spillway crest is the only as a protection against wave action. Large control, it is an uncontrolled spillway. riprap is sometimes referred to as armoring. Auxiliary Spillway (Emergency Spill- Risk assessment―as applied to dam safety, way)―a secondary spillway designed to op- the process of identifying the likelihood and erate only during exceptionally large floods. consequences of dam failure to provide the Fuse-Plug Spillway―an auxiliary or emer- basis for informed decisions on a course of gency spillway comprising a low embank- action. ment or a natural saddle designed to be over- Rock fill Dam―see embankment dam. topped and eroded away during a rare and exceptionally large flood. Roll Crete or Roller-Compacted Concrete -slump concrete that can be hauled in dump Primary Spillway(Principal Spillway)―the trucks, spread with a bulldozer or grader, and principal or first-used spillway during flood compacted with a vibratory roller. flows. Seepage―the interstitial movement of water Shaft Spillway (Morning Glory Spill- that may take place through a dam, its foun- way)―a vertical or inclined shaft into which flood water spills and then is conducted dation, or its abutments. through, under, or around a dam by means of Sill―(a) A submerged structure across a river a conduit or tunnel. If the upper part of the to control the water level upstream. (b) The shaft is splayed out and terminates in a circu- crest of a spillway. (c) A horizontal gate seat- lar horizontal weir, it is termed a “bell ing, made of wood, stone, concrete or metal mouth” or “morning glory” spillway. at the invert of any opening or gap in a structure, hence the expressions gate sill and stop log Side Channel Spillway―a spillway whose sill. crest is roughly parallel to the channel immediately downstream of the spillway. Slope―(a) the side of a hill or mountain. (b) The inclined face of a cutting or canal or em- Siphon Spillway―a spillway with one or more siphons built at crest level. This type of bankment. (c) Inclination from the Page | 224

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019 spillway is sometimes used for providing au- gravity and arch dams, “width” for other tomatic surface-level regulation within nar- dams. row limits or when considerable discharge ca- Transition Zone (Semi-pervious Zone)―a pacity is necessary within a short period. part of the cross-section of a zoned embank- Spillway Channel (Spillway Tunnel)―a ment dam comprising material of intermedi- channel or tunnel conveying water from the ate size between that of an impervious zone spillway to the river downstream. and that of a permeable zone. Stilling Basin―a basin constructed to dissi- Trash rack―a screen located at an intake to pate the energy of fast-flowing water, e.g., prevent the ingress of debris. from a spillway or bottom outlet, and to pro- Tunnel―a long underground excavation tect the riverbed from erosion. usually having a uniform cross-section. Types Stop logs―large logs or timber or steel of tunnel include: headrace tunnel, pressure beams placed on top of each other with their tunnel, collecting tunnel, diversion tunnel, ends held in guides on each side of a channel power tunnel, tailrace tunnel, navigation tun- or conduit providing a cheaper or easily han- nel, access tunnel, scour tunnel, draw-off dled temporary closure than a bulkhead gate. tunnel, and spillway tunnel. Storage―the retention of water or delay of Under seepage―the interstitial movement runoff either by planned operation, as in a of water through a foundation. reservoir, or by temporary filling of overflow Uplift―the upward pressure in the pores of areas, as in the progression of a flood crest a material (interstitial pressure) or on the base through a natural stream channel. of a structure. Tailrace―the tunnel, channel or conduit Upstream Blanket―see blanket. that conveys the discharge from the turbine to the river, hence the terms tailrace tunnel and Valve―a device fitted to a pipeline or orifice tailrace canal. in which the closure member is either rotated or moved transversely or longitudinally in the Tail water Level―the level of water in the waterway to control or stop the flow. tailrace at the nearest free surface to the turbine or in the discharge channel immediately Water stop―a strip of metal, rubber or other downstream of the dam. material used to prevent leakage through joints between adjacent sections of concrete. Toe of Dam―the junction of the downstream face of a dam with the ground surface, Weir―(a) a low dam or wall built across a referred to as the downstream toe. For an em- stream to raise the upstream water level, bankment dam the junction of upstream face called fixed-crest weir when uncontrolled. (b) A with ground surface is called the upstream toe. structure built across a stream or channel for measuring flow, sometimes called a measuring Top of Dam―the elevation of the upper- weir or gauging weir. Types of weir include most surface of a dam, usually a road or walk- broad-crested weir, sharp-crested weir, drowned weir, way, excluding any parapet wall, railings, etc. and submerged weir. Top Thickness (Top Width)―the thickness or width of a dam at the level of the top of the dam. In general, “thickness” is used for

Page | 225

O&M Manual for Krishnarajasagara Dam December 2019

Central Dam Safety Organization Central Water Commission

Vision To remain as a premier organisation with best technical and managerial expertise for providing advisory services on matters relating to dam safety. Mission To provide expert services to State Dam Safety Organisations, dam owners, dam operating agencies and others concerned for ensuring safe functioning of dams with a view to protect human life, property and the environment. Values Integrity: Act with integrity and honesty in all our actions and practices. Commitment: Ensure good working conditions for employees and encourage professional excellence. Transparency: Ensure clear, accurate and complete information in communications with stakeholders and take all decisions openly based on reliable information. Quality of service: Provide state-of-the-art technical and managerial services within agreed time frame. Striving towards excellence: Promote continual improvement as an integral part of our working and strive towards excellence in all our endeavours.

Quality Policy We provide technical and managerial assistance to dam owners and State Dam Safety Organizations for proper surveillance, inspection, operation and maintenance of all dams and appurtenant works in India to ensure safe functioning of dams and protecting human life, property and the environment. We develop and nurture competent manpower and equip ourselves with state of the art technical infrastructure to provide expert services to all stakeholders. We continually improve our systems, processes and services to ensure satis- faction of our customers.

Doc. No. CDSO_O&M_DS_01_v1.0 Page226