Análise Espacial Das Notificações De Covid-19 Em Passos/Mg

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Análise Espacial Das Notificações De Covid-19 Em Passos/Mg REVISTA DOS SEMINÁRIOS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DAS NOTIFICAÇÕES DE COVID-19 EM PASSOS/MG Prof. Dr. José de Paula Silva 1 Aguimar Xavier de Carvalho Filho 2, Graciele de Souza Medeiros 2, Junia Jabace Soares Maia 2, Lucas Gabriel Calabrez Barbosa 2 1 Professor da Faculdade Atenas 2 Acadêmicos de Medicina da Faculdade Atenas Artigo Original FACULDADE ATENAS Email: [email protected] Introdução das formas adotadas para a compreensão da No mês de março de 2020 a Organização disseminação foi o uso de modelos de análise Mundial da Saúde (OMS), realizou o comuni- espacial, inclusive durante os estágios iniciais cado, declarando o surto de coronavírus (SAR- da pandemia, pois permitiria prever surtos lo- S-CoV-2) o agente causador da COVID-19, cais e desenvolver políticas de saúde coletiva como uma pandemia global. A grande preocu- com vistas a redução dos impactos da pande- pação eram os níveis de disseminação, sen- mia8. Dentre as formas de abordagem espacial do na época realizado o pedido, para que os o geoprocessamento dos casos de Covid-19 países tomassem medidas com o objetivo de permite a representação dos dados e informa- conter o vírus1. Entre as medidas sugeridas, ções espaciais utilizando os Sistemas de Infor- foram realizadas as recomendações com vistas mações Espaciais, que permitem a análise da a redução do fl uxo de pessoas, pois existe uma distribuição espacial, buscando a posteriori a relação entre a distância social e a velocida- otimização de recursos e utilização de serviços de de disseminação do vírus2. Nesse ínterim, de saúde9. Um dos conceitos básicos da aná- tornou-se consensual o princípio do isolamento lise é a dependência espacial. Ela afi rma que social associada as medidas de higiene e uso fenômenos apresentam relações entre si de de equipamentos de proteção individual como acordo com a distância entre eles10. A propos- formas de mitigar a disseminação do vírus3. A ta do trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico preli- distribuição da Covid-19 no Brasil possui dife- minar através de análise espacial com vistas a renças regionais, o que é observado também monitorar a disseminação da doença e forne- no estado de Minas Gerais. As regiões centrais cer subsídios para os processos de prevenção, concentraram os primeiros casos, seguida da monitoramento e intervenção. região sudeste que concentrava menos de 10% dos casos do estado, em março de 20204. Na Materiais e Métodos região sudeste de Minas Gerais está a cida- Para a avaliação da espacialidade da de de Passos, cuja população é estimada em Covid-19 no município de Passos, foram utili- pouco mais de 114 mil habitantes5. A cidade de zadas as bases de dados locais de notifi cações Passos a partir de abril/2020 apresentou o seu dos casos suspeitos/confi rmados/descartados primeiro caso de Covid-19, cuja paciente tinha do setor de vigilância Epidemiológica. A partir mais de 50 anos sendo um caso importado do da coleta de dados foi realizada a Geocodifi - estado de São Paulo6. Decorridos poucos mais cação nas notifi cações utilizando a ferramenta de 60 dias, o município realizou 809 notifi ca- Epiinfo 7.2®, produzida pelo Centers for Di- ções, sendo 32 casos positivos. Deste total, no sease Control and Prevention (CDC). Para o dia 15 de junho, 26 encontravam positivos, 3 mapeamento foi utilizado o suplemento Power em recuperação, 1 hospitalizado e 2 óbitos7. Pivot® e elaborados os mapas de Clusters das Uma das difi culdades enfrentadas inicialmente notifi cações fi ltradas por tipo, bem como os ma- era compreender a dinâmica espacial da do- pas de Kernel das mesmas notifi cações, para ença, principalmente a partir do momento que uma visão geral da intensidade do processo em a transmissão tornou-se comunitária, e uma todas as regiões do mapa. RESIC. vol.2 n°2 Set. 2020 01 Resultados e discussão Os dados apresentam um total de 777 notifi cações realizadas entre os meses de mar- ço a junho de 2020. As notifi cações atingiram níveis mais elevados no mês de março de 2020, sendo de forma aparentemente contínua com médias entre 5 a 15 notifi cações por dia, tendo sido construídos mapas a partir destas notifi cações. A faixa etária com maior número de notifi cações foi entre 20 a 40 anos, com 362 notifi cações, seguida de 40 a 60 anos com 220 notifi cações e 0 a 20 anos, com 87 notifi cações. Pessoas acima de 60 anos totalizaram 96 noti- fi cações. Do total de notifi cações, 218 pessoas Figura 1.Mapa de Kernel, com identifi cação de setores foram submetidas a testes laboratoriais, sendo com notifi cações de suspeitos de Covid-19 e localização 85,78% dos resultados negativos, e 12,39% das UBS do município de Passos, MG positivos. Buscando a identifi cação de possí- Referências veis agrupamentos foi realizado um mapa de Kernel que permitiu a identifi cação de pelo me- 1 CUCINOTTA, D.; VANELLI, M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis, v. 91, n. 1, p. 157-160, nos seis setores considerados quentes, onde 2020. ISSN 0392-4203. existe maior infl uência das notifi cações em 2 CODEÇO, C. T. et al. Estimativa de risco de espalhamento suas regiões vizinhas. Em todas as áreas, está da COVID-19 no Brasil e avaliação da vulnerabilidade socioeconômica localizada pelo menos uma Unidades Básicas nas microrregiões brasileiras. 2020 de Saúde (UBS), sendo que este número varia 3 PENG, L. et al. Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by entre 1 a 4 unidades, conforme fi gura 1. dynamical modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.06563, 2020. 4 NORONHA, K. et al. Pandemia por COVID-19 em Minas Ge- Conclusão rais, Brasil: análise da demanda e da oferta de leitos e equipamentos de ventilação assistida considerando os diferenciais de estrutura etária, A identifi cação de clusters de densidade perfi l etário de infecção, risco etário de internação e distâncias territo- pode ser uma estratégia importante na preven- riais. Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 2020 ção da transmissão comunitária e proposta de 5 IBGE. Passos (MG) | Cidades e Estados | IBGE. 2020. Dis- triagem dos residentes nos setores onde a den- ponível em: < https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/mg/passos. html >. sidade de notifi cação foi mais nítida. Conside- rando o isolamento social como a ferramenta 6 G1, P. Prefeitura de Passos confi rma 1º caso de Covid-19 no município. Portal G1, 12/04/2020 2020. Disponível em: < https:// mais efi caz na prevenção da Covid-19, podem g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/2020/04/12/prefeitura-de-pas- ser criadas propostas de enfrentamento, consi- sos-confi rma-1o-caso-de-covid-19-no-municipio.ghtml >. derando a circulação de pessoas nas regiões 7 MG, S. Coronaví rus | Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mi- de maior densidade. Como ponto de partida nas Gerais - SES. 2020. Disponível em: < https://www.saude.mg.gov. br/coronavirus >. para as estratégias da Prefeitura Municipal de Passos, podem utilizar os adensamentos para 8 KANG, D. et al. Spatial epidemic dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020. que as equipes das UBS promovam ações tan- ISSN 1201-9712. to preventivas como de diagnósticos, com a re- 9 CARDOSO, P. V. et al. A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ANÁLISE ES- alização de testes rápidos nas áreas de maior PACIAL PARA TOMADA DE DECISÃO: UM OLHAR SOBRE A PAN- densidade de notifi cações, aproveitando-se de DEMIA DE COVID-19. Revista Tamoios, v. 16, n. 1, 2020. ISSN 1980- 4490. suas localizações estratégicas nesse cenário. Por fi m, propõe-se o monitoramento contínuo 10 DRUCK, S. et al. Análise Espacial de Dados Geográfi cos. Brasilia: Embrapa, 2004. 209 com vistas a observar e identifi car mudanças na densidade de notifi cações de Covid-19 em Passos/MG. RESIC. vol.2 n°2 Set. 2020 02 REVISTA DOS SEMINÁRIOS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA VÍDEO EDUCACIONAL PARA TREINAMENTO DE HABILIDADES SOBRE EXAME FÍSICO DO SISTEMA LOCOMOTOR Amanda Augusto Costa1, Bárbara Camilla Gonçalves Marques1 Laura Marçal Silva1, Mirelly Dantas Caldeira Aeissami1 Carlos Tostes Guerreiro2, Nariman de Felício Bortucan Lenza2 Lucélia Rita Galdino Caputto2 Artigo Original Mateus Goulart Alves3 1 Acadêmicos de Medicina da Faculdade Atenas 2 Docente do Curso de Medicina. Faculdade Atenas. Passos/MG. 3 Orientador. Docente do Curso de Medicina. Faculdade Atenas. Passos/MG. Doutorando no Programa de Promoção de Saúde na UNIFRAN FACULDADE ATENAS Email: [email protected] Introdução des, visto que há poucos estudos que abordem Estratégias para qualidade do ensino e os objetivos desta pesquisa. adequação da prática no processo de ensino- A construção de métodos de ensino-aprendiza- -aprendizagem, devem ser elaboradas e imple- gem contemporâneos, certamente despertará mentadas pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior interesse em estudantes de graduação de me- (IES), considerando as necessidades dos pro- dicina em adquirir conhecimento e habilidades fessores e estudantes (BARRET, 2007). e aperfeiçoará o processo de ensino pelos pro- Na atualidade, as mudanças na educação, exi- fessores; este fato impactará na qualidade e re- gem abordagens de ensino efi cazes e inovado- sultado da assistência prestada ao paciente. ras, essenciais para preparar esses estudantes Diante do exposto, surge o interesse em de- com conhecimento e habilidades necessárias senvolver e validar Tecnologias Educacionais e, assim, garantir profi ssionais bem preparados Digitais - vídeos educativos, sobre exame físico e sustentados na Prática Baseada em Evidên- do sistema locomotor. cia (PBE) (MALIK; MCKENNA; GRIFFITHS, 2016). Material e método Para a formação de nível universitário é ne- Para a realização do presente estudo cessário que mudanças na educação estejam foi utilizada a pesquisa aplicada, de produção atreladas ao uso de tecnologias, mesmo com tecnológica, que envolve o desenvolvimento de questionamentos sobre a possibilidade de pro- objetos virtuais de aprendizado, vídeos educa- blemas técnicos e tempo para desenvolvimen- tivos sobre exame físico do sistema locomotor.
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