6-4 Chords (Second Inversion Triads)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

LearnMusicTheory.net 2.9 SATB Part Writing 5: Second Inversion Triads Second inversion triads double the bass and almost always follow one of these four patterns: 6 note voice exchange (marked "X")! 1. Passing 4 Bass moves by step up or down a third. 3 upper parts (any order): [OR] 1. Voice exchange: one voice has bass notes backwards In the example, bass is C-D-E, tenor is E-D-C. 2. Common tone: repeated note 3. Lower neighbor figure: from root of outer harmony 6 6 6 6 C: I V4 I C: I V4 I note upper neighbor pattern! 6 2. Pedal 4 Bass has the same note three times. 3 upper parts (any order): 1. / 2. Upper neighbor figure (2 parts): step up, then step down 3. Common tone: repeated note 6 C: I IV 4 I 3. Arpeggio 6 4 Any harmonic Bass leaps from the root or third of the same harmony. progression that fits the stylistic progression 3 upper parts repeat or freely arpeggiate, guidelines is possible. following stylistic guidelines. 6 C: I I 4 IV 4. Cadential 6 4th M3 4 above bass above bass **Bass is always the dominant pitch of the key!** Metrically stronger than the resolution chord: 1. 2-beat measures: Beat 1 only, resolves on beat 2 6th P5 2. 3-beat measures: Beat 1 or beat 2 (must then resolve on beat 3) above bass above bass 3. 4-beat measures: Beat 1 or beat 3 (must then resolve on beat 4) Bass repeats the dominant pitch. 3 upper parts (any order): 1. The note a sixth above bass moves to a perfect fifth above bass (6-5). C: cad 6 V I 2. The note a fourth above bass moves to a major third above bass (4-3). 4 3. Common tone: repeated note V Summary: Tips for Identifcation Cadential is the only type that is metrically accented. Passing is the only type with stepwise bass motion up or down a third. Pedal is unaccented and has a repeated bass note. Arpeggio is unaccented and skips from the same harmony. It should also be noted that rare exceptions and variations do occur, but these are the usual patterns. Copyright © 2010 by Mark Feezell. All Rights Reserved..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Discover Seventh Chords
Seventh Chords Stack of Thirds - Begin with a major or natural minor scale (use raised leading tone for chords based on ^5 and ^7) - Build a four note stack of thirds on each note within the given key - Identify the characteristic intervals of each of the seventh chords w w w w w w w w % w w w w w w w Mw/M7 mw/m7 m/m7 M/M7 M/m7 m/m7 d/m7 w w w w w w % w w w w #w w #w mw/m7 d/wm7 Mw/M7 m/m7 M/m7 M/M7 d/d7 Seventh Chord Quality - Five common seventh chord types in diatonic music: * Major: Major Triad - Major 7th (M3 - m3 - M3) * Dominant: Major Triad - minor 7th (M3 - m3 - m3) * Minor: minor triad - minor 7th (m3 - M3 - m3) * Half-Diminished: diminished triad - minor 3rd (m3 - m3 - M3) * Diminished: diminished triad - diminished 7th (m3 - m3 - m3) - In the Major Scale (all major scales!) * Major 7th on scale degrees 1 & 4 * Minor 7th on scale degrees 2, 3, 6 * Dominant 7th on scale degree 5 * Half-Diminished 7th on scale degree 7 - In the Minor Scale (all minor scales!) with a raised leading tone for chords on ^5 and ^7 * Major 7th on scale degrees 3 & 6 * Minor 7th on scale degrees 1 & 4 * Dominant 7th on scale degree 5 * Half-Diminished 7th on scale degree 2 * Diminished 7th on scale degree 7 Using Roman Numerals for Triads - Roman Numeral labels allow us to identify any seventh chord within a given key.
[Show full text]
Music in Theory and Practice
CHAPTER 4 Chords Harmony Primary Triads Roman Numerals TOPICS Chord Triad Position Simple Position Triad Root Position Third Inversion Tertian First Inversion Realization Root Second Inversion Macro Analysis Major Triad Seventh Chords Circle Progression Minor Triad Organum Leading-Tone Progression Diminished Triad Figured Bass Lead Sheet or Fake Sheet Augmented Triad IMPORTANT In the previous chapter, pairs of pitches were assigned specifi c names for identifi cation CONCEPTS purposes. The phenomenon of tones sounding simultaneously frequently includes group- ings of three, four, or more pitches. As with intervals, identifi cation names are assigned to larger tone groupings with specifi c symbols. Harmony is the musical result of tones sounding together. Whereas melody implies the Harmony linear or horizontal aspect of music, harmony refers to the vertical dimension of music. A chord is a harmonic unit with at least three different tones sounding simultaneously. Chord The term includes all possible such sonorities. Figure 4.1 #w w w w w bw & w w w bww w ww w w w w w w w‹ Strictly speaking, a triad is any three-tone chord. However, since western European music Triad of the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries is tertian (chords containing a super- position of harmonic thirds), the term has come to be limited to a three-note chord built in superposed thirds. The term root refers to the note on which a triad is built. “C major triad” refers to a major Triad Root triad whose root is C. The root is the pitch from which a triad is generated. 73 3711_ben01877_Ch04pp73-94.indd 73 4/10/08 3:58:19 PM Four types of triads are in common use.
[Show full text]
RECITATIVE STYLE and the FIGURFD BASS THESIS Presented
/O i0 A COURSE IN KEYBOAIO AIMOBy BASED ON THE RECITATIVE STYLE AND THE FIGURFD BASS THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State Teachers College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF MUSIC By George S. Thompson, B. M. 158610 Garland, Texas August, 1948 158610 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTFAJTIO.S., Page . 9 , 9 0 v Chapter I. INTRODUCTION . * , " 4 4 . , Statement of the Problem Need for the Study Sources and Validity of Data Method of Presentation II. YIGUREDBASS . * 0 g , * ." 4 III. RECITATIVE . IV. TRIADS . * 0 0* * , I * 13 Root Position of Triads First Inversion of Triads Second Inversion of Triads Modulation V. NON-IARMONIC TONES * * , 9 a 9 , 0 , . The Passing Tone The Suspension The Neighboring Tone The Anticipation The Escape Tone The Appoggiatura The Pedal Point VI. SEVENTH CHORDS . * . * * * . , 43 The Dominant Seventh Chord The Supertonic Seventh Chord The Leading Tone Seventh Chord in Minor The Subdominant Seventh Chord The Tonic Seventh Chord in Major VII* ALTERED CHORDS. .. Altered Chords in Minor Altered Chords in Major 6ii Chapter Page VIII. THE CHORD OF TIE AUGEEIN SIXTH . 58 IX. MODULATIONTO FOREIGNaYS . 61 x. REVIEW . 64 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 67 iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Example of the Figurations for the Triad in Root Position . 14 2. Example of the Figurations for the First Inversion of Triads . 21 3. Example of the Figurations for the Second Inversion of Triads . 24 4. Example of the Figurations for the Passing Tone . 29 5. Example of the Figurations for the Suspension . , . 32 6.
[Show full text]
Figured-Bass Notation
MU 182: Theory II R. Vigil FIGURED-BASS NOTATION General In common-practice tonal music, chords are generally understood in two different ways. On the one hand, they can be seen as triadic structures emanating from a generative root . In this system, a root-position triad is understood as the "ideal" or "original" form, and other forms are understood as inversions , where the root has been placed above one of the other chord tones. This approach emphasizes the structural similarity of chords that share a common root (a first- inversion C major triad and a root-position C major triad are both C major triads). This type of thinking is represented analytically in the practice of applying Roman numerals to various chords within a given key - all chords with allegiance to the same Roman numeral are understood to be related, regardless of inversion and voicing, texture, etc. On the other hand, chords can be understood as vertical arrangements of tones above a given bass . This system is not based on a judgment as to the primacy of any particular chordal arrangement over another. Rather, it is simply a descriptive mechanism, for identifying what notes are present in addition to the bass. In this regime, chords are described in terms of the simplest possible arrangement of those notes as intervals above the bass. The intervals are represented as Arabic numerals (figures), and the resulting nomenclatural system is known as figured bass . Terminological Distinctions Between Roman Numeral Versus Figured Bass Approaches When dealing with Roman numerals, everything is understood in relation to the root; therefore, the components of a triad are the root, the third, and the fifth.
[Show full text]
Second Inversion Triads Second Inversion Triads NEVER Function Independently in Harmonic Progressions
Second Inversion Triads Second inversion triads NEVER function independently in harmonic progressions. Instead, they depend on an adjacent harmony for their functional significance. Through one of FOUR specific stereotyped usages, second inversion triads add interest to a more fundamental harmonic situation. In this way, second inversion triads prolong the more fundamental harmony. 1. Passing 6/4: - Based on ANY major or minor triad moving from root position to first inversion, or vice-versa. - Bass moves from root to third OR third to root. - Another voice has the bass notes in reverse order. (This is called a voice exchange.) - Yet another voice has a lower neighbor figure using the ROOT of the prolonged chord. - The remaining voice holds the common tone. - Metrically UNaccented. [OR] 6 6 6 6 6 6 C: I I C: I V4 I C: I I C: I V4 I 2. Arpeggio 6/4: - Bass arpeggiates through A SINGLE triad. - Upper voices may change notes within the prolonged triad. - Metrically UNaccented - must be preceded by root position OR first inversion of same triad. 3. Pedal 6/4: - Based on ANY major or minor triad. - Bass and one other voice restate the SAME NOTE 3 times. - Remaining two voices have an upper neighbor pattern. - Metrically UNaccented. ARPEGGIO: PEDAL: 6 6 C: I I I I 4 I C: I I I IV 4 I 4. Cadential 6/4: - ALWAYS used to prolong a DOMINANT harmony. - MUST resolve to V by the 6th above the bass descending to a 5th, the 4th to a 3rd. - Can be preceded in the previous bar by chords that lead to dominant, such as IV, ii or I.
[Show full text]
Navedtra 12012
SPECIAL PUBLICATION March 1990 Harmony NAVEDTRA 12012 Notice: NETPDTC is no longer responsible for the content accuracy of the NRTCs. For content issues, contact the servicing Center of Excellence: Center for Service Support (CSS Athens); (706) 355-7501, Ext. 7642 or DSN: 354-7501, Ext. 7642 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The contents of this Special Publication were furnished by the courtesy of the United States Army. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. PREFACE Special Publications (SPs) are manuals or catalogs that provide information of general benefit and career development. SPs have no associated assignments or tests. Harmony provides an overview of the basic principles of harmony, progression, and modulation. Refer questions about this SP to: COMMANDING OFFICER SCHOOL OF MUSIC ATTN TRAINING OFFICER 1420 GATOR BLVD NORFOLK VA 23521-2617 DSN: 253-7509 COMM: (757) 462-7509 FAX: DSN 253-4836/COMM (757) 462-4836 1 Sailor’s Creed “I am a United States Sailor. I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America and I will obey the orders of those appointed over me. I represent the fighting spirit of the Navy and those who have gone before me to defend freedom and democracy around the world. I proudly serve my country’s Navy combat team with honor, courage and commitment. I am committed to excellence and the fair treatment of all.” 2 Training Circular *TC12-42 No. 12-42 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 5 November 1984 HARMONY Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .
[Show full text]
Augmented Sixth Chords Are Predominant Chords, Meaning They Are Used to Approach Dominant Chords
Augmentedmusic Sixth theory for musicians Chords and normal people by toby w. rush like that moment of incredible tension just before the hero finally kisses the leading lady, the half-step is the go-to interval for creating tension in music of the common ˙ practice period. it drives the entire style! ˙ if one half-step can create such strong tension, how about two half-steps sounding simultaneously? Let’s get creative here for a minute to find a cool new way to approach a diatonic chord. in this case, we’ll use them to approach the dominant triad. ...and approach that first, we’ll start with octave with a half step the doubled root of a below the top note, V chord... #˙ ˙ #˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ & b ˙ ˙ & b ˙ ˙ V & ˙ V ...and, finally, add the V ...and a half step above tonic as the third note. the bottom note... the result is a new chord, one we call the augmented sixth chord, after the interval created by the top and bottom notes. augmented sixth chords are predominant chords, meaning they are used to approach dominant chords. if we just use they are usually used to approach dominant triads, three notes not dominant sevenths, because of the doubled and double the roots present in dominant triads. tonic, we get the #w italian ww however, they also often augmented sixth. b w & approach tonic chords & #˙ ˙ It.6 in second inversion, ˙ ˙ which also contain a doubled fifth scale degree. ? b˙ n˙ b ˙ ˙ if we add the 6 Ger.6 I4 second scale degree instead ˙ ˙ rarely, augmented sixth chords of doubling the # w & ˙ ˙ are found transposed down tonic, we get the ww a perfect fifth, analyzed as french b w ˙ ˙ “on flat two,” and used to augmented sixth.
[Show full text]
Part-Writing Rules.FH9
Important Rules for 4-Part Progressions In general, some theorists (including Ottman and myself) try to spend most of our time telling you what to do rather than what not to do. If you internalize all of our little procedures then you should be able to churn out progressions quickly and easily without really worrying about making mistakes. However, there are times when you really have to be familiar with the rules. Ottman sprinkles many of these around the later chapters of the text, and he tries to summarize everything you need to know in his Appendix A. Ive produced my own summary because I have a few slightly different ideas of what needs emphasis or de-emphasis. Please compare what I say here to what Ottman says. Making each triad Doubling the root. For triads in root position, try to cover all three chord tones in your upper voices. That means you will end up doubling the root. all three tones present doubled root Doubling any other tone in a root-position Ottman (p. 95) teaches that sometimes at triad will happen occasionally, but it is cadences you will end up tripling the root (and considered less good. I will sometimes subtract leaving out the fifth.) Use this for cadences a point for these bad doublings. only. (If you do it in the middle of a progression it will probably cause bad parallels afterwards.) LESS GOOD doubled doubled 3rd 5th tripled root IVI ©2004 Dave Smey. Reproduction and classroom use freely permitted. Using proper spacing (open position) Adjacent upper voices are not allowed to be more than an octave apart.
[Show full text]
Augmented 6Ths
TutorTube: Augmented 6ths Summer 2020 Introduction Hello and welcome to TutorTube, where The Learning Center’s Lead Tutors help you understand challenging course concepts with easy to understand videos. My name is Darren Churn, Lead Tutor for Music Theory. In today’s video, we will explore Augmented 6ths. Let’s get started. Augmented 6ths Augmented 6th chords are appropriately named due to the fact that they contain an Augmented 6th interval. They are used most commonly as predominant chords that resolve to the dominant. Augmented 6ths are not written as roman numerals like most chords you would analyze. Instead, the chord is identified as one of three types of augmented chords: Italian, French, and German. These chords can be found in major or minor keys and each of these types uses the same solfege base of Le Do Fi. The solfege refers to a lowered 6th scale degree (Le), the tonic (Do), and a raised 4th (Fi) scale degree. Our augmented 6th interval is between the Le and the Fi. Let’s look at the specific types. Italian The first type of augmented 6th chord is Italian. Italian augmented 6ths are the only chords in this category that are not 7th chords. In an Italian chord, we still have our base of Le, Do, Fi. The last note that we add simply doubles Do. This example that we have is based in the key of C. Our Le will be Ab, our Do will be C, and our Fi will be F#. Since this is an Italian chord, we will simply add another C to double the Do.
[Show full text]
Concise Manual of Harmony, Intended for the Reading of Spiritual Music in Russia (1874)
Gamut: Online Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic Volume 7 Issue 1 Article 3 May 2014 Concise Manual of Harmony, Intended for the Reading of Spiritual Music in Russia (1874) Piotr Illyich Tchaikovsky Liliya Shamazov (ed. and trans.) Stuyvesant High School, NYC, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/gamut Part of the Composition Commons, Music Pedagogy Commons, Music Theory Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Tchaikovsky, Piotr Illyich and Shamazov, Liliya (ed. and trans.) (2014) "Concise Manual of Harmony, Intended for the Reading of Spiritual Music in Russia (1874)," Gamut: Online Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic: Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/gamut/vol7/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Volunteer, Open Access, Library Journals (VOL Journals), published in partnership with The University of Tennessee (UT) University Libraries. This article has been accepted for inclusion in Gamut: Online Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic by an authorized editor. For more information, please visit https://trace.tennessee.edu/gamut. CONCISE MANUAL OF HARMONY, INTENDED FOR THE READING OF SPIRITUAL MUSIC IN RUSSIA (1874) PIOTR ILLYICH TCHAIKOVSKY he presented study is nothing more than a reduction of my Textbook of Harmony T written for the theoretical course at the Moscow Conservatory. While constructing it, I was led by the desire to facilitate the conscious attitude of choir teachers and Church choir directors towards our Church music, while not interfering by any means into the critical rating of the works of our spiritual music composers.
[Show full text]
Celebrate Theory Level 7 Worksheets
Celebrate Theory Level 7 Worksheets Contents Chords and Harmony .......................................................................... Pg. 3 Form and Analysis ............................................................................... Pg. 12 Intervals ................................................................................................. Pg. 16 Keys and Scales ..................................................................................... Pg. 20 Melody Writing and Composition ..................................................... Pg. 27 Rhythm .................................................................................................. Pg. 29 Celebrate Theory Level 7 Worksheets: Chords and Harmony Intermediate Theory Diminished and Augmented Triads 1. Name the root, quality, and position of each triad. 2. Write the following triads using accidentals only. a. submediant triad of B major in second inversion b. supertonic triad of D minor, harmonic form in first inversion c. mediant triad of C minor, harmonic form in root position d. mediant triad of F sharp minor, harmonic form in second inversion e. leading-tone triad of B minor, harmonic form in first inversion Set 2, no. 25 Level 7 Theory © Copyright 2016 The Royal Conservatory Intermediate Theory Diminished and Augmented Triads 1. Name the root, quality, and position of each triad. 2. Write the following triads using accidentals only. a. supertonic triad of A minor, harmonic form, in first inversion b. leading-tone triad of C sharp minor, harmonic form, in second inversion c. mediant triad of D minor, harmonic form, in root position d. leading-tone triad of F sharp major in second inversion e. mediant triad of G sharp minor, harmonic form, in first inversion Set 2, no. 62 Level 7 Theory © Copyright 2016 The Royal Conservatory Intermediate Theory Triads 1. Write the following triads using a key signature and any necessary accidentals. a. the tonic triad of B flat major in second inversion b. the dominant triad of F sharp harmonic minor in root position c.
[Show full text]
The Death and Resurrection of Function
THE DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF FUNCTION A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Gabriel Miller, B.A., M.C.M., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Gregory Proctor, Advisor Dr. Graeme Boone ________________________ Dr. Lora Gingerich Dobos Advisor Graduate Program in Music Copyright by John Gabriel Miller 2008 ABSTRACT Function is one of those words that everyone understands, yet everyone understands a little differently. Although the impact and pervasiveness of function in tonal theory today is undeniable, a single, unambiguous definition of the term has yet to be agreed upon. So many theorists—Daniel Harrison, Joel Lester, Eytan Agmon, Charles Smith, William Caplin, and Gregory Proctor, to name a few—have so many different nuanced understandings of function that it is nearly impossible for conversations on the subject to be completely understood by all parties. This is because function comprises at least four distinct aspects, which, when all called by the same name, function , create ambiguity, confusion, and contradiction. Part I of the dissertation first illuminates this ambiguity in the term function by giving a historical basis for four different aspects of function, three of which are traced to Riemann, and one of which is traced all the way back to Rameau. A solution to the problem of ambiguity is then proposed: the elimination of the term function . In place of function , four new terms—behavior , kinship , province , and quality —are invoked, each uniquely corresponding to one of the four aspects of function identified.
[Show full text]