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“Two Women” Poem by an Anonymous Chilean Author PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI WOMEN AS THE REFLECTION OF CLASS STRUGGLES IN THE “TWO WOMEN” POEM BY AN ANONYMOUS CHILEAN AUTHOR AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By DYAS PUTRI WINAYU Student Number: 164214037 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI WOMEN AS THE REFLECTION OF CLASS STRUGGLES IN THE “TWO WOMEN” POEM BY AN ANONYMOUS CHILEAN AUTHOR AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By DYAS PUTRI WINAYU Student Number: 164214037 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Have faith in yourself and in the future. —Ted Kennedy— vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI For my beloved family who gives me a never-ending support And my close friends who support me with the strength and encouragement. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I express my highest thanks to God, because of the blessings and abundance of grace He gave me, I was able to complete my thesis. I also thank myself for having dared to always step foot in the face of fear and to this extent. I also offer my deepest gratitude to my thesis advisor, Sri Mulyani, Ph.D who has guided me so far with great patience until the completion of this thesis. Not to forget, I also thank my co-advisor, Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. who has corrected and improved my thesis. Next, I want to thank my support system. My parents who have been patiently loyal and always support me. For my brother, who always makes me laugh because of his jokes. Martinus Danang, thank you for being there for me, who believes and gives me strength in my tough moment. Also to my fellow classmates who have fought together, Neta, Julia, and Ayu. For my high school girl gang Afifah, Asha, Bella, Maria, and Tina thank you for giving me such a wonderful bond in friendship. Last, I would thank the countless others whom the name I have not mentioned, thank you for all of your support. Dyas Putri Winayu ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................ ii APPROVAL PAGE ............................................................................................. iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ........................................................................................ iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .. vi MOTTO PAGE .................................................................................................. viii DEDICATION PAGE ........................................................................................ viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1 B. Problem Formulation ..................................................................................... 3 C. Objectives of the Study .................................................................................. 3 D. Definition of Terms ....................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................... 6 A. Review of Related Studies .............................................................................. 6 B. Review of Related Theories ............................................................................ 9 1. Theory of Marxist Feminism ....................................................................... 9 2. Theory on Class ......................................................................................... 11 3. Theory of Identity ...................................................................................... 14 4. Theory of Patriarchy .................................................................................. 15 C. Review of Related Backgrounds .................................................................. 16 1. Chile’s Government System ...................................................................... 16 2. Chile’s Class Structure............................................................................... 20 D. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 24 A. Object of the Study ....................................................................................... 24 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI B. Approach of the Study .................................................................................. 25 C. Method of the Study ..................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 27 A. The Poem, the Summary, and Explication of the Poem ............................... 27 1. The Full Text of the Poem ......................................................................... 27 2. The Summary and Explication of the Poem .............................................. 30 B. The Description of Women Characters and Their Social Class Presented in “Two Women” ......................................................................................... 33 1. The First Woman ....................................................................................... 33 2. The Second Woman ................................................................................... 41 C. The Forms of Gender and Class Struggles Experienced by the Women Characters in “Two Women”....................................................................... 51 1. The First Woman ....................................................................................... 52 2. The Second Woman ................................................................................... 56 D. The Women’s Responses to Gender and Class Struggles in “Two Women” ..................................................................................................................... 63 1. The First Woman ....................................................................................... 63 2. The Second Woman ................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .......................................................................... 76 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 79 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT WINAYU, DYAS PUTRI. (2020). Women as the Reflection of Class Struggles in the “Two Women” Poem by an Anonymous Chilean Author. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. In the capitalist society, classes and class struggles are very much alive (Berberoglu, 2007, p. 50). The class is defined by means of production; there are two major classes, bourgeois, and proletariat. Bourgeois is who owns the social means of production as their private property (Dahrendorf, 1966, p.195). Whereas, proletariat according to Engel is class in society which lives entirely from the sale of its labor (Engels, 1847, p. 9). The class division in the capitalist society can also be seen in "Two Women" poem, the researcher analyzes the class struggles that are experienced by women characters as the impact of class distinction. Therefore, in order to understand the class struggles that happened in the poem, the study is aimed to answer three problems. The first reveals the description of women related to the social classes and identities according to Chile society in the late 20th century regarding how the author characterized women related to material things. The second aim is to observe the forms of gender and class struggle that the women faced based on their different social classes. The last is to examine the women characters' responses to gender and class struggle in the poem. The approach used is marxist feminism. The theories used are the theory of marxist feminism, theory on class, theory of identity, and theory of patriarchy. This study also utilizes the review of related backgrounds such as Chile's government system and Chile's class structure to make this study well-formed. There are several steps to analyze the poem. First, close reading is applied to get a better understanding of the content that is analyzed. Second, the researcher puts the focus and attention on the theme, a class struggle through marxist feminism approach. Third, the researcher analyzes the problem formulation. Last, the researcher
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