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Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition
FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING State Institution “Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN ʋ2 (51) April - June 2010 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations St. Petersburg 2010 FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING State Institution “Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute” Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN ʋ2 (51) April - June 2010 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations Edited by V.V. Lukin St. Petersburg 2010 Editor-in-Chief - M.O. Krichak (Russian Antarctic Expedition –RAE) Authors and contributors Section 1 M. O. Krichak (RAE), Section 2 Ye. I. Aleksandrov (Department of Meteorology) Section 3 G. Ye. Ryabkov (Department of Long-Range Weather Forecasting) Section 4 A. I. Korotkov (Department of Ice Regime and Forecasting) Section 5 Ye. Ye. Sibir (Department of Meteorology) Section 6 I. V. Moskvin, Yu.G.Turbin (Department of Geophysics) Section 7 V. V. Lukin (RAE) Section 8 B. R. Mavlyudov (RAS IG) Section 9 V. L. Martyanov (RAE) Translated by I.I. Solovieva http://www.aari.aq/, Antarctic Research and Russian Antarctic Expedition, Reports and Glossaries, Quarterly Bulletin. Acknowledgements: Russian Antarctic Expedition is grateful to all AARI staff for participation and help in preparing this Bulletin. For more information about the contents of this publication, please, contact Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet Russian Antarctic Expedition Bering St., 38, St. Petersburg 199397 Russia Phone: (812) 352 15 41; 337 31 04 Fax: (812) 337 31 86 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS PREFACE……………………….…………………………………….………………………….1 1. DATA OF AEROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS…………………………………….…………………………3 2. -
Office of Polar Programs
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION DRAFT (15 January 2004) FINAL (30 August 2004) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22230 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA FINAL COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) Process .......................................................1-1 1.3 Document Organization .............................................................................................................1-2 2.0 BACKGROUND OF SURFACE TRAVERSES IN ANTARCTICA..................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Re-supply Traverses...................................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Scientific Traverses and Surface-Based Surveys .......................................................................2-5 3.0 ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................................................................3-1 -
Antarctic Peninsula
Hucke-Gaete, R, Torres, D. & Vallejos, V. 1997c. Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, by marine debris at Cape Shirreff and San Telmo Islets, Livingston Island, Antarctica: 1998-1997. Serie Científica Instituto Antártico Chileno 47: 123-135. Hucke-Gaete, R., Osman, L.P., Moreno, C.A. & Torres, D. 2004. Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27 (5): 304–311 Huckstadt, L., Costa, D. P., McDonald, B. I., Tremblay, Y., Crocker, D. E., Goebel, M. E. & Fedak, M. E. 2006. Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior of Southern Elephant Seals in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #OS33A-1684. INACH (Instituto Antártico Chileno) 2010. Chilean Antarctic Program of Scientific Research 2009-2010. Chilean Antarctic Institute Research Projects Department. Santiago, Chile. Kawaguchi, S., Nicol, S., Taki, K. & Naganobu, M. 2006. Fishing ground selection in the Antarctic krill fishery: Trends in patterns across years, seasons and nations. CCAMLR Science, 13: 117–141. Krause, D. J., Goebel, M. E., Marshall, G. J., & Abernathy, K. (2015). Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Animal Biotelemetry, 3:24. Krause, D.J., Goebel, M.E., Marshall. G.J. & Abernathy, K. In Press. Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Mammal Science.Leppe, M., Fernandoy, F., Palma-Heldt, S. & Moisan, P 2004. Flora mesozoica en los depósitos morrénicos de cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Península Antártica, in Actas del 10º Congreso Geológico Chileno. -
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Ross and Siegert: Lake Ellsworth englacial layers and basal melting 1 1 THIS IS AN EARTHARXIV PREPRINT OF AN ARTICLE SUBMITTED FOR 2 PUBLICATION TO THE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY 3 Basal melt over Subglacial Lake Ellsworth and it catchment: insights from englacial layering 1 2 4 Ross, N. , Siegert, M. , 1 5 School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, 6 UK 2 7 Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK Annals of Glaciology 61(81) 2019 2 8 Basal melting over Subglacial Lake Ellsworth and its 9 catchment: insights from englacial layering 1 2 10 Neil ROSS, Martin SIEGERT, 1 11 School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 2 12 Grantham Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK 13 Correspondence: Neil Ross <[email protected]> 14 ABSTRACT. Deep-water ‘stable’ subglacial lakes likely contain microbial life 15 adapted in isolation to extreme environmental conditions. How water is sup- 16 plied into a subglacial lake, and how water outflows, is important for under- 17 standing these conditions. Isochronal radio-echo layers have been used to infer 18 where melting occurs above Lake Vostok and Lake Concordia in East Antarc- 19 tica but have not been used more widely. We examine englacial layers above 20 and around Lake Ellsworth, West Antarctica, to establish where the ice sheet 21 is ‘drawn down’ towards the bed and, thus, experiences melting. Layer draw- 22 down is focused over and around the NW parts of the lake as ice, flowing 23 obliquely to the lake axis, becomes afloat. -
Seabirds of Human Settlements in Antarctica: a Case Study of the Mirny Station
CZECH POLAR REPORTS 11 (1): 98-113, 2021 Seabirds of human settlements in Antarctica: A case study of the Mirny Station Sergey Golubev Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast, 152742, Russia Abstract Antarctica is free of urbanisation, however, 40 year-round and 32 seasonal Antarctic stations operate there. The effects of such human settlements on Antarctic wildlife are insufficiently studied. The main aim of this study was to determine the organization of the bird population of the Mirny Station. The birds were observed on the coast of the Davis Sea in the Mirny (East Antarctica) from January 8, 2012 to January 7, 2013 and from January 9, 2015 to January 9, 2016. The observations were carried out mainly on the Radio and Komsomolsky nunataks (an area of about 0.5 km²). The duration of observations varied from 1 to 8 hours per day. From 1956 to 2016, 13 non-breeding bird species (orders Sphenisciformes, Procellariiformes, Charadriiformes) were recorded in the Mirny. The South polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) and Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) form the basis of the bird population. South polar skuas are most frequently recorded at the station. Less common are Brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) and Adélie penguins. Adélie penguins, Wilson's storm petrels (Oceanites oceanicus), South polar and Brown skuas are seasonal residents, the other species are visitors. Adélie penguins, Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica), Wilson's storm petrels, South polar and Brown skuas interacted with the station environment, using it for com- fortable behavior, feeding, molting, shelter from bad weather conditions, and possible breeding. -
Antarctic Primer
Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state. -
The Antarctic Treaty
The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Thirty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty November 2017 Cm 9542 © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Treaty Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, King Charles Street, London, SW1A 2AH ISBN 978-1-5286-0126-9 CCS1117441642 11/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majestyʼs Stationery Office MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE THIRTY-NINTH ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 The Measures1 adopted at the Thirty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting are reproduced below from the Final Report of the Meeting. In accordance with Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty, the Measures adopted at Consultative Meetings become effective upon approval by all Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meeting at which they were adopted (i.e. all the Consultative Parties). The full text of the Final Report of the Meeting, including the Decisions and Resolutions adopted at that Meeting and colour copies of the maps found in this command paper, is available on the website of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat at www.ats.aq/documents. -
(Antarctica) Glacial, Basal, and Accretion Ice
CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANISMS IN VOSTOK (ANTARCTICA) GLACIAL, BASAL, AND ACCRETION ICE Colby J. Gura A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2019 Committee: Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Helen Michaels Paul Morris © 2019 Colby Gura All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Chapter 1: Lake Vostok is named for the nearby Vostok Station located at 78°28’S, 106°48’E and at an elevation of 3,488 m. The lake is covered by a glacier that is approximately 4 km thick and comprised of 4 different types of ice: meteoric, basal, type 1 accretion ice, and type 2 accretion ice. Six samples were derived from the glacial, basal, and accretion ice of the 5G ice core (depths of 2,149 m; 3,501 m; 3,520 m; 3,540 m; 3,569 m; and 3,585 m) and prepared through several processes. The RNA and DNA were extracted from ultracentrifugally concentrated meltwater samples. From the extracted RNA, cDNA was synthesized so the samples could be further manipulated. Both the cDNA and the DNA were amplified through polymerase chain reaction. Ion Torrent primers were attached to the DNA and cDNA and then prepared to be sequenced. Following sequencing the sequences were analyzed using BLAST. Python and Biopython were then used to collect more data and organize the data for manual curation and analysis. Chapter 2: As a result of the glacier and its geographic location, Lake Vostok is an extreme and unique environment that is often compared to Jupiter’s ice-covered moon, Europa. -
Race Is on to Find Life Under Antarctic Ice Russia, U.S., and Britain Drill to Discover Microbes in Subglacial Lakes
Race Is On to Find Life Under Antarctic Ice Russia, U.S., and Britain drill to discover microbes in subglacial lakes. A person works at the drilling site atop Lake Ellsworth, Antarctica. Photograph courtesy Pete Bucktrout, British Antarctic Survey Marc Kaufman for National Geographic News Published December 18, 2012 A hundred years ago, two teams of explorers set out to be the first people ever to reach the South Pole. The race between Roald Amundsen of Norway and Robert Falcon Scott of Britain became the stuff of triumph, tragedy, and legend. (See rare pictures of Scott's expedition.) Today, another Antarctic drama is underway that has a similar daring and intensity—but very different stakes. Three unprecedented, major expeditions are underway to drill deep through the ice covering the continent and, researchers hope, penetrate three subglacial lakes not even known to exist until recently. The three players—Russia, Britain, and the United States—are all on the ice now and are in varying stages of their preparations. The first drilling was attempted last week by the British team at Lake Ellsworth, but mechanical problems soon cropped up in the unforgiving Antarctic cold, putting a temporary hold on their work. The key scientific goal of the missions: to discover and identify living organisms in Antarctica's dark, pristine, and hidden recesses. (See"Antarctica May Contain 'Oasis of Life.'") Scientists believe the lakes may well be home to the kind of "extreme" life that could eke out an existence on other planets or moons of our solar system, so finding them on Earth could help significantly in the search for life elsewhere. -
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PPS04-12 Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2019 SUBGLACIAL ANTARCTIC LAKE VOSTOK VS. SUBGLACIAL SOUTH POLE MARTIAN LAKE AND HYPERSALINE CANADIAN ARCTIC LAKES –PROSPECTS FOR LIFE *Sergey Bulat1 1. NRC KI - Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Saint-Petersburg-Gatchina, Russia The objective was to search for microbial life in the subglacial freshwater Antarctic Lake Vostok by analyzing the uppermost water layer entered the borehole following successful lake unsealing at the depth 3769m from the surface. The samples included the drillbit frozen and re-cored borehole-frozen water ice. The study aimed to explore the Earth’s subglacial Antarctic lake and use the results to prospect the life potential in recently discovered subglacial very likely hypersaline South Pole ice cap Martian lake (liquid water reservoir) [1] as well as similar subglacial hypersaline lakes (reservoirs) in Canadian Arctic [2]. The Lake Vostok is a giant (270 x 70 km, 15800 km2 area), deep (up to 1.3km) freshwater liquid body buried in a graben beneath 4-km thick East Antarctic Ice Sheet with the temperature near ice melting point (around -2.5oC) under 400 bar pressure. It is extremely oligotrophic and poor in major chemical ions contents (comparable with surface snow), under the high dissolved oxygen tension (in the range of 320 –1300 mg/L), with no light and sealed from the surface biota about 15 Ma ago [3]. The water frozen samples studied showed very dilute cell concentrations - from 167 to 38 cells per ml. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing came up with total of 53 bacterial phylotypes. Of them, only three phylotypes passed all contamination criteria. -
Download Factsheet
Antarctic Factsheet Geographical Statistics May 2005 AREA % of total Antarctica - including ice shelves and islands 13,829,430km2 100.00% (Around 58 times the size of the UK, or 1.4 times the size of the USA) Antarctica - excluding ice shelves and islands 12,272,800km2 88.74% Area ice free 44,890km2 0.32% Ross Ice Shelf 510,680km2 3.69% Ronne-Filchner Ice Shelf 439,920km2 3.18% LENGTH Antarctic Peninsula 1,339km Transantarctic Mountains 3,300km Coastline* TOTAL 45,317km 100.00% * Note: coastlines are fractal in nature, so any Ice shelves 18,877km 42.00% measurement of them is dependant upon the scale at which the data is collected. Coastline Rock 5,468km 12.00% lengths here are calculated from the most Ice coastline 20,972km 46.00% detailed information available. HEIGHT Mean height of Antarctica - including ice shelves 1,958m Mean height of Antarctica - excluding ice shelves 2,194m Modal height excluding ice shelves 3,090m Highest Mountains 1. Mt Vinson (Ellsworth Mts.) 4,892m 2. Mt Tyree (Ellsworth Mts.) 4,852m 3. Mt Shinn (Ellsworth Mts.) 4,661m 4. Mt Craddock (Ellsworth Mts.) 4,650m 5. Mt Gardner (Ellsworth Mts.) 4,587m 6. Mt Kirkpatrick (Queen Alexandra Range) 4,528m 7. Mt Elizabeth (Queen Alexandra Range) 4,480m 8. Mt Epperly (Ellsworth Mts) 4,359m 9. Mt Markham (Queen Elizabeth Range) 4,350m 10. Mt Bell (Queen Alexandra Range) 4,303m (In many case these heights are based on survey of variable accuracy) Nunatak on the Antarctic Peninsula 1/4 www.antarctica.ac.uk Antarctic Factsheet Geographical Statistics May 2005 Other Notable Mountains 1. -
Bellingshausen and the Russian Antarctic Expedition, 1819–21 Also by Rip Bulkeley the ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE TREATY and WORLD SECURITY (With H
Bellingshausen and the Russian Antarctic Expedition, 1819–21 Also by Rip Bulkeley THE ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE TREATY AND WORLD SECURITY (with H. G. Brauch) SPACE WEAPONS: Deterrence or Delusion? (with G. Spinardi) THE SPUTNIKS CRISIS AND EARLY UNITED STATES SPACE POLICY Bellingshausen and the Russian Antarctic Expedition, 1819–21 Rip Bulkeley © Rip Bulkeley 2014 Foreword © Ian R. Stone 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-0-230-36326-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world.