DOCSLIB.ORG

Shoot Growth and Form of Senna Obtusifolia in Response to Soybean and Intraspecific Competition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shoot Growth and Form of Senna Obtusifolia in Response to Soybean and Intraspecific Competition Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1992 Shoot Growth and Form of Senna Obtusifolia in Response to Soybean and Intraspecific Competition. James Edward Smith Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Smith, James Edward, "Shoot Growth and Form of Senna Obtusifolia in Response to Soybean and Intraspecific ompeC tition." (1992). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5357. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5357 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9301105 Shoot growth and form of Senna obtusifolia in response to soybean and intraspecific competition Smith, James Edward, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1992 UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 SHOOT GROWTH AND FORM OF SENNA OBTUSIFOLIA IN RESPONSE TO SOYBEAN AND INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology by James E. Smith B.A., Rice University, 1982 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1985 May 1992 Acknowledgments This research and dissertation were made possible largely through the love and support of my family, particularly my parents Patricia and Roland as well as Marsha and Emily (I hope her college career will be shorter than mine has been). The contributions made by my advisor, Peter Jordan, have been invaluable. I am very appreciative of his insight in the world of biology provided through numerous discussions of topics variously related to biology. I also thank my friends in weed biology, plant physiology, and botany as well as my committee members for their contributions. Table of Contents page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ vii CHAPTERS 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 2 SHOOT STRUCTURE AS AFFECTED BY SOYBEAN INTERFERENCE ....................................................................... 14 3 NEAREST NEIGHBOR EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND SHOOT FORM ...................................................................................... 33 4 STAND DENSITY EFFECTS ON LIGHT INTERCEPTION ........................ 62 5 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................. 77 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................. 79 APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL TABLES AND FIGURES .................................................... 85 VITA 101 iii List of Tables table page 2.1 Height and dry weight of soybean canopy......................................................... 21 2.2 Components of shoot structure and dry weight of sicklepod added to soybean 24 2.3 Significance of treatment effects for sicklepod added to soybean ............... 26 2.4 Correlation of shoot structure and dry weight for sicklepod added to soybean 28 3.1 Sicklepod shoot dry weight, canopy dry weight, and leaf area index . 45 3.2 Correlation of shoot structure and dry weight for sicklepod at 76 DAE 45 3.3 Number of branches formed and branch survival on sicklepod shoots . 48 3.4 Branch characteristics from one-third of height segments along the main-stem 49 3.5 Shoot and branch dry weight of sicklepod adjacent to a gap in the stand . 54 3.6 Laterally incident R:FR at top of sicklepod adjacent to a gap in the stand 54 4.1 Leaf area index and node index of sicklepod stan d s................................ 68 4.2 Individual leaf area and petiole length of sicklepod ....................................... 68 4.3 Coefficients of light interception for sicklepod stands.................................... 75 A .l Number and dry weight of leaves of sicklepod added to soybean ............ 86 A.2 Dry weight of soybean canopy adjacent to widely spaced sicklepod .... 87 A.3 Correlation of shoot structure and dry weight for sicklepod at 20 and 36 DAE 88 A .4 Shoot dry weight and height of nearest neighbors for sicklepod in monoculture 89 A.5 Number of branches and branch dry weight of widely spaced sicklepod . 89 A .6 Characteristics of branches of sicklepod adjacent to a gap in the stand . 90 iv List of Figures figure page 2.1 Growth of sicklepod in stands added to soybean ............................................... 22 2.2 Distribution of height of leaves and branches on sicklepod added to soybean 30 3.1 Growth of sicklepod in monoculture stands ........................................................ 41 3.2 R:FR, rate of elongation, and final internode length at sicklepod shoot apex 43 3.3 Profiles of vertical and lateral position of leaf-bearing nodes on sicklepod 47 3.4 Early shape and growth of sicklepod branches at lower main-stem nodes 52 4.1 Vertical distribution of leaf area index in sicklepod canopies ...................... 69 4.2 Vertical distribution o f leaf-bearing nodes in sicklepod canopies ................. 70 4.3 Frequency distribution of sicklepod leaf cosine of angle of incidence . 72 A.l Site weather information, 1988 91 A.2 Site weather information, 1989 92 A.3 Site weather information, 1990 93 A.4 Diagram for typical plot of sicklepod stands added to soybean ................... 94 A.5 Diagram for typical plot of widely spaced sicklepod added to soybean . 95 A.6 Diagram for typical plot of sicklepod monoculture stands...... ........................... 96 A.7 Diagram for typical plot of sicklepod adjacent to a gap in the stand .... 97 A.8 Distribution of branch azimuths at 36 DAE for sicklepod monocultures, 1989 98 A.9 Distribution of branch azimuths at 36 DAE for sicklepod monocultures, 1990 99 A. 10 Distribution of branch azimuths at 33 DAE for sicklepod adjacent to a gap 100 v List of Abbreviations abbreviation ai active ingredient cos[i] cosine of angle of incidence between direct solar radiation and a line normal to the leaf surface DAE days after emergence DAS days after soybean emergence I flux density of incident radiation IQ flux density of incident radiation measured above the plant canopy K coefficient of light interception by the canopy LAI leaf area index, m2 leaf surface per m2 of ground surface NI node index, number of leaf-bearing nodes per m2 of ground surface R:FR the ratio of quantum flux density of red light (655 to 665 nm) to far-red light (725 to 735 nm) Abstract Effects of competition on growth and formation of shoot structure in sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia’) were examined, with particular emphasis on the effect of nearest neighbors on branching and canopy formation. Sicklepod was established as 1) stands of 26 plants m"2 added to soybean, 2) individuals widely enough spaced to produce only interspecific competition when added to soybean, or 3) regularly spaced monoculture stands with 15, 25, 35, and 50 cm interplant distances. Repeated surveys of individual shoots characterized
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biological Ingredient Analysis of Traditional Chinese
    OPEN Biological ingredient analysis of SUBJECT AREAS: traditional Chinese medicine MOLECULAR BIOLOGY COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND preparation based on high-throughput BIOINFORMATICS sequencing: the story for Liuwei Dihuang Received 28 January 2014 Wan Accepted 6 May 2014 Xinwei Cheng1,3*, Xiaoquan Su2*, Xiaohua Chen2, Huanxin Zhao1, Cunpei Bo2, Jian Xu2, Hong Bai1 & Kang Ning2 Published 3 June 2014 1Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China, 2Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Bioinformatics Group of SingleCell Center, Qingdao Institute of 3 Correspondence and Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao266101, China, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China. requests for materials should be addressed to H.B. (baihong@gmail. Although Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparations have long history with successful applications, com) or K.N. the scientific and systematic quality assessment of TCM preparations mainly focuses on chemical ([email protected]. constituents and is far from comprehensive. There are currently only few primitive studies on assessment of biological ingredients in TCM preparations. Here, we have proposed a method, M-TCM, for biological cn) assessment of the quality of TCM preparations based on high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis. We have tested this method on Liuwei Dihuang Wan (LDW), a TCM whose ingredients have been * These authors well-defined. Our results have shown that firstly, this method could determine the biological ingredients of LDW preparations. Secondly, the quality and stability of LDW varies significantly among different contributed equally to manufacturers.
    [Show full text]
  • Various Species, Mainly Aloe Ferox Miller and Its Hybrids)
    European Medicines Agency Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use London, 5 July 2007 Doc. Ref: EMEA/HMPC/76313/2006 COMMITTEE ON HERBAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS (HMPC) ASSESSMENT REPORT ON ALOE BARABADENSIS MILLER AND ALOE (VARIOUS SPECIES, MAINLY ALOE FEROX MILLER AND ITS HYBRIDS) Aloe barbadensis Miller (barbados aloes) Herbal substance Aloe [various species, mainly Aloe ferox Miller and its hybrids] (cape aloes) the concentrated and dried juice of the leaves, Herbal Preparation standardised; standardised herbal preparations thereof Pharmaceutical forms Herbal substance for oral preparation Rapporteur Dr C. Werner Assessor Dr. B. Merz Superseded 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20) 75 23 70 51 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.emea.europa.eu ©EMEA 2007 Reproduction and/or distribution of this document is authorised for non commercial purposes only provided the EMEA is acknowledged TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Clinical Pharmacology 3 II.1 Pharmacokinetics 3 II.1.1 Phytochemical characterisation 3 II.1.2 Absorption, metabolism and excretion 4 II.1.3 Progress of action 5 II.2 Pharmacodynamics 5 II.2.1 Mode of action 5 • Laxative effect 5 • Other effects 7 II.2.2 Interactions 8 III. Clinical Efficacy 9 III.1 Dosage 9 III.2 Clinical studies 9 Conclusion 10 III.3 Clinical studies in special populations 10 III.3.1 Use in children 10 III.3.2. Use during pregnancy and lactation 10 III.3.3. Conclusion 13 III.4 Traditional use 13 IV. Safety 14 IV.1 Genotoxic and carcinogenic risk 14 IV.1.1 Preclinical Data 14 IV.1.2 Clinical Data 18 IV.1.3 Conclusion 20 IV.2 Toxicity 20 IV.3 Contraindications 21 IV.4 Special warnings and precautions for use 21 IV.5 Undesirable effects 22 IV.6 Interactions 22 IV.7 Overdose 23 V.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of the Stem-Leaf Transitional Zone in Some Species of Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)
    Turk J Bot 31 (2007) 297-310 © TÜB‹TAK Research Article Characteristics of the Stem-Leaf Transitional Zone in Some Species of Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) Abdel Samai Moustafa SHAHEEN Botany Department, Aswan Faculty of Science, South Valley University - EGYPT Received: 14.02.2006 Accepted: 15.02.2007 Abstract: The vascular supply of the proximal, middle, and distal parts of the petiole were studied in 11 caesalpinioid species with the aim of documenting any changes in vascular anatomy that occurred within and between the petioles. The characters that proved to be taxonomically useful include vascular trace shape, pericyclic fibre forms, number of abaxial and adaxial vascular bundles, number and relative position of secondary vascular bundles, accessory vascular bundle status, the tendency of abaxial vascular bundles to divide, distribution of sclerenchyma, distribution of cluster crystals, and type of petiole trichomes. There is variation between studied species in the number of abaxial, adaxial, and secondary bundles, as seen in transection of the petiole. There are also differences between leaf trace structure of the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the petioles within each examined species. Senna italica Mill. and Bauhinia variegata L. show an abnormality in their leaf trace structure, having accessory bundles (concentric bundles) in the core of the trace. This study supports the moving of Ceratonia L. from the tribe Cassieae to the tribe Detarieae. Most of the characters give valuable taxonomic evidence reliable for delimiting the species investigated (especially between Cassia L. and Senna (Cav.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby) at the generic and specific levels, as well as their phylogenetic relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Senna Obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby
    Crop Protection Compendium - Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Updated by Pierre Binggeli 2005 NAMES AND TAXONOMY Preferred scientific name Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Taxonomic position Other scientific names Domain: Eukaryota Cassia obtusifolia L. Kingdom: Viridiplantae Cassia tora var. obtusifolia (L.) Haines Phylum: Spermatophyta Emelista tora (L.) Britton & Rosa Subphylum: Angiospermae Cassia tora L. Class: Dicotyledonae Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Order: Myrtales Family: Fabaceae BAYER code Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae CASOB (Cassia obtusifolia) Common names English: bicho Mauritius: sicklepod chilinchil cassepuante Cuba: herbe pistache Australia: guanina Pacific Islands: Java bean Dominican Republic: peanut weed Bolivia: brusca cimarrona Paraguay: aya-poroto brusca hembra taperva moroti mamuri El Salvador: taperva Brazil: comida de murcielago taperva sayju fedegoso frijolillo Puerto Rico: fedegoso-branco Guatemala: dormidera mata pasto ejote de invierno Venezuela: matapasto liso ejotil chiquichique Colombia: Madagascar: bichomacho voamahatsara Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature Many recent floras use the new nomenclature which puts many former Cassia spp. including C. obtusifolia and C. tora, into the genus Senna, and the new classification of Irwin and Barneby (1982) is used here. However, where acknowledging these two species as separate (following Irwin and Barneby 1982), in terms of their agronomic importance and control, there is probably little difference between S. obtusifolia and S. tora, and both are included together for the purpose of this datasheet. Thus, whereas S. tora (and C. tora) are included here as non-preferred scientific names, they are not strictly synonyms. Binggeli updated 2005 Crop Protection Compendium - Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby 1 There has been much debate on the classification of S. obtusifolia.
    [Show full text]
  • Senna – a Medical Miracle Plant
    Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Year: 2013, Volume: 1, Issue: 3 First page: (41) Last page: (47) ISSN: 2320-3862 Online Available at www.plantsjournal.com Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Senna – A Medical Miracle Plant D. Balasankar1, K. Vanilarasu2, P. Selva Preetha, S.Rajeswari M.Umadevi3, Debjit Bhowmik4 1. Department of Vegetable Crops, India 2. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, India 3. Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India 4. Karpagam University,Coimbatore, India [E-mail: [email protected]] Senna is a small, perennial, branched under-shrub. It is cultivated traditionally over 10,000ha in semi-arid lands. Since its leaves and pods are common laxatives, they are widely used in medicine and as a household remedy for constipation all over the world. India is the main producer and exporter of senna leaves, pods and sennosides concentrate to world market. Basically, the senna leaves that are used for medication are dried leaflets belonging to species of Cassia. For ages, senna has been used as a potent cathartic or purgative. Several scientists and researchers are of the view that the senna possesses this property owing to the apparent presence of elements and compounds such as dianthrone glycosides (1.5 to 2 per cent), main sennosides A and B along with minor quantities of sennosides C and D and other intimately associated amalgams. Besides being a laxative, senna is used as a febrifuge, in splenic enlargements, anaemia, typhoid, cholera, biliousness, jaundice, gout, rheumatism, tumours, foul breath and bronchitis, and probably in leprosy. It is employed in the treatment of amoebic dysentery as an anthelmintic and as a mild liver stimulant.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Senna Obtusifolia (L.) Invasion on Herbaceous Vegetation and Soil Properties of Rangelands in the Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia Maru G
    Gebrekiros and Tessema Ecological Processes (2018) 7:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-018-0121-0 RESEARCH Open Access Effect of Senna obtusifolia (L.) invasion on herbaceous vegetation and soil properties of rangelands in the western Tigray, northern Ethiopia Maru G. Gebrekiros1 and Zewdu K. Tessema2* Abstract Introduction: Invasion of exotic plant species is a well-known threat to native ecosystems since it directly affects native plant communities by altering their composition and diversity. Moreover, exotic plant species displace native species through competition, changes in ecosystem processes, or allelopathic effects. Senna obtusifolia (L.) invasion has affected the growth and productivity of herbaceous vegetation in semi-arid regions of northern Ethiopia. Here, we investigated the species composition, species diversity, aboveground biomass, and basal cover of herbaceous vegetation, as well as soil properties of rangelands along three S. obtusifolia invasion levels. Methods: Herbaceous vegetation and soil properties were studied at two locations, Kafta Humera and Tsegede districts, in the western Tigray region of northern Ethiopia under three levels of S. obtusifolia invasion, i.e., non-invaded, lightly invaded, and heavily invaded. Herbaceous plant species composition and their abundance were assessed using a1-m2 quadrat during the flowering stage of most herbaceous species from mid-August to September 2015. Native species were classified into different functional groups and palatability classes, which can be useful in understanding mechanisms underlying the differential responses of native plants to invasion. The percentage of basal cover for S. obtusifolia and native species and that of bare ground were estimated in each quadrat. Similar to sampling of the herbaceous species, soil samples at a depth of 0–20 cm were taken for analyzing soil physical and chemical properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Merry Christmas Senna1 by Ken Langeland UF/IFAS Agronomy Department & Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants Cooperative Extension Service Introduction Into the Wild
    Ho! Ho! Ho! Merry Christmas Senna1 by Ken Langeland UF/IFAS Agronomy Department & Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants Cooperative Extension Service Introduction into the wild. Because of the confusion in taxonomy, everyone may not realize that Christmas must be just around the the plants for sale in the nursery trade are corner because home landscapes are col- the same species as those escaped and ored with the bright yellow flowers of growing in the wild. This article will pro- Christmas senna (Senna pendula var. vide information on the biology of glabrata). Christmas senna is a long time Christmas senna outside of cultivation favorite landscape plant, commonly culti- and clarify the taxonomy. vated as an ornamental in Florida at least since the 1940s (Bailey and Bailey 1947). Christmas senna is so named because it Distribution blooms during the Christmas season (Fall- Christmas senna is native to Brazil, Fig. 1 Winter). It is popular, in part, because of Peru, Bolivia and south to Paraguay and its showy yellow flowers (Fig. 1). This is Argentina. It is cultivated in warm regions especially true in the northern part of the of both hemispheres. In the US it occurs in state, where it is one of the few landscape Florida, Texas (common in southern plants that bloom in late fall and early win- Texas), California, Arizona, and probably ter. It also is popular for butterfly gardens in other Sunbelt states (Isely 1998). It is (Fig. 2). Christmas senna also is known as cultivated in all regions of Florida (Hunt Christmas cassia, winter cassia, climbing 1977, Nelson 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Dioscorides De Materia Medica Pdf
    Dioscorides de materia medica pdf Continue Herbal written in Greek Discorides in the first century This article is about the book Dioscorides. For body medical knowledge, see Materia Medica. De materia medica Cover of an early printed version of De materia medica. Lyon, 1554AuthorPediaus Dioscorides Strange plants RomeSubjectMedicinal, DrugsPublication date50-70 (50-70)Pages5 volumesTextDe materia medica in Wikisource De materia medica (Latin name for Greek work Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, Peri hul's iatrik's, both means about medical material) is a pharmacopeia of medicinal plants and medicines that can be obtained from them. The five-volume work was written between 50 and 70 CE by Pedanius Dioscorides, a Greek physician in the Roman army. It was widely read for more than 1,500 years until it supplanted the revised herbs during the Renaissance, making it one of the longest of all natural history books. The paper describes many drugs that are known to be effective, including aconite, aloe, coloxinth, colocum, genban, opium and squirt. In all, about 600 plants are covered, along with some animals and minerals, and about 1000 medicines of them. De materia medica was distributed as illustrated manuscripts, copied by hand, in Greek, Latin and Arabic throughout the media period. From the sixteenth century, the text of the Dioscopide was translated into Italian, German, Spanish and French, and in 1655 into English. It formed the basis of herbs in these languages by such people as Leonhart Fuchs, Valery Cordus, Lobelius, Rembert Dodoens, Carolus Klusius, John Gerard and William Turner. Gradually these herbs included more and more direct observations, complementing and eventually displacing the classic text.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Inflammatory Effect of D-Pinitol Isolated from the Leaves of Colutea Cilicica Boiss Et Bal. on K562 Cells Colutea Cilicica Boiss Et Bal
    Turk J Biochem 2017; 42(4): 445–450 Research Article Ferda Eser*, Ergul Mutlu Altundag, Gülsah Gedik, Ibrahim Demirtas, Adem Onal and Bedrettin Selvi Anti-inflammatory effect of D-pinitol isolated from the leaves of Colutea cilicica Boiss et Bal. on K562 cells Colutea cilicica Boiss et Bal. yapraklarından izole edilen D-pinitol’ün K562 hücreleri üzerindeki anti- inflamatuar etkisi DOI 10.1515/tjb-2016-0120 Results: Stimulation of cells with D-pinitol (0–80 μM) was Received August 12, 2016; accepted February 28, 2017; previously observed for 24, 48 and 72 h. It is determined that D-pin- published online March 30, 2017 itol inhibited protein expression of Cox-2 in K562 cells. Abstract We observed that Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein expression did not change, but Cox-2 protein Aim: D-pinitol, a natural compound has shown various expression reduced with non-cytotoxic concentrations of biological and pharmacological effects. Last studies are D-pinitol. focused on the determination of its further pharmacologi- Conclusion: It is concluded that D-pinitol did not affect cal activities including mainly biological activity. There- cell proliferation and apoptosis in K562 cells however fore, isolation of D-pinitol from the leaves of Colutea cili- reduced the inflammation, significantly. These results cica Boiss et Bal. and investigation of its apoptotic and show that D-pinitol may be anti-inflammatory agent for anti-inflammatory activity on K562 cell lines were aimed the treatment of K562 cells. in the concept of the study. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; K562; Colutea cili- Materials and methods: Isolation of D-pinitol was per- cica Boiss et Bal.; Isolation; D-pinitol.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical, Chemical and Biological Study of Leaf Extracts from Senna Obtusifolia : Bibliographic Review
    Pharmacogn Rev. 2021;15(29):82-90 A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Plant Review www.phcogrev.com | www.phcog.net Physical, Chemical and Biological Study of Leaf Extracts from Senna obtusifolia : Bibliographic Review Mario Omar Calla Salcedo, Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Almeida* ABSTRACT Senna obtusifolia (Fabaceae; Synonyms: Cassia obtusifolia, Cassia humilis) is a plant widely found in the state of Amapá, popularly known as “Mata-pasto”, it is widely used worldwide, being used in local and traditional medicine, for diseases related to rheumatism, headache, hepatitis and diuretic. The research was carried out using the databases of theses, dissertations and indexed articles. Additional information was collected from books, reviews and related documents. The morphometric study of the leaves of S. obtusifolia was found in the literature. The analyzes revealed different morphological and anatomical patterns, which are important on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, since the surface is glabrous and has calcium oxalate druses, unicellular trichomes, epidermal idioblasts. The study of morphology is important in the medicinal activity of the plant since the secondary metabolites in plants are affected by different biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, stress conditions affect secondary metabolites or the so-called active ingredients and other compounds that plants produce, which are generally the basis of their medicinal activity. According to the literature, several classes of secondary metabolites were found, such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids and others in the leaves of S. obtusifolia. Current evidence indicates that the secondary metabolites it contains in extracts of S. obtusifolia have hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, allelopathic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, cancer-preventing, arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, kidney and liver toxicity, Mario Omar Calla Salcedo, and urinary tract infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Management Using Crop Competition in the United States: a Review
    Weed management using crop competition in the United States: A review Authors: Prashant Jha, Vipan Kumar, Rakesh K. Godara, and Bhagirath S. Chauhan NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Crop Protection. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Crop Protection, (July 2016). DOI# 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.06.021 Jha, Prashant, Vipan Kumar, Rakesh K. Godara, and Bhagirath S. Chauhan. "Weed management using crop competition in the United States: A review." Crop Protection (July 2016). Made available through Montana State University’s ScholarWorks scholarworks.montana.edu Weed management using crop competition in the United States: A review * Prashant Jha a, , Vipan Kumar a, Rakesh K. Godara b, Bhagirath S. Chauhan c a Montana State University-Bozeman, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT, USA b Crop Protection Division, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO, USA c The Centre for Plant Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia abstract Exploiting the competitive ability of crops is essential to develop cost-effective and sustainable weed management practices. Reduced row spacing, increased seeding rates, and selection of competitive cultivars can potentially manage cropeweed competition in cotton, soybean, wheat, and corn. These cultural weed management practices facilitate a more rapid development of crop canopy that adversely affect the emergence, density, growth, biomass, and subsequently the seed production of weeds during a growing season.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Jaca & Condy 2017 Flowering Plants of Africa Format
    1 3 2 PLATE 2329 Senna didymobotrya Flowering Plants of Africa 65: 68–75 (2017) 69 Senna didymobotrya Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae Northwestern, eastern and southern Africa, and Madagascar Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby in Memoires of the New York Botanical Garden 35: 467 (1982); Lock: 37 (1989); Pooley: 154 (1993). Cassia didymobotrya Fresen.: 53 (1839); Oliver: 276 (1871); Taubert: 201 (1895); Harms: 498 (1915); Baker: 62 (1911); Brenan & Greenway: 97 (1949); Steyaert: 504, fig.36 (1952); Mendonça & Torre: 177 (1956); White & Angus: 120 (1962); Drummond: 243 (1975); Ross: 195 (1972); Gordon-Gray: 79 (1977). Cassia verdickii De Wild.: 49, t.16 fig.6–11 (1902); Harms: 498 (1915); Baker: 638 (1930). Senna Mill. is a large genus in the Fabaceae family, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, tribe Cassieae with approximately 350 species. The subfamily is usually divided into five tribes: Cercideae, Caesalpineae, Cassieae, Detarieae and Macrolobieae (Tucker 2003; Resende et al. 2013). Irwin & Turner (1960) included the species of Senna among the approximately 600 species of the genus Cassia sensu lato. In their taxonomic treatment, Irwin & Barneby (1981 & 1982) subdivided the genus Cassia into Cassia L. emend. Gaertn. sensu stricto, Chamaecrista Moench and Senna; these three genera were ascribed to subtribe Cassiinae. Irwin & Barneby (1982) further divided the genus Senna into six sections (Astroiles [1 spe- cies], Chamaefistula [c. 140 species], Paradictyon [1 species], Peiranisia [c. 55 species], Psilo­ rhegma [c. 30 species] and Senna [c. 20 species]) distinguishing them mainly on stem, leaf and flower characters. This classification has been supported by a number of studies of these three genera based on morphology, ontogenetic characteristics, molecular systemat- ics and cytogenetics (Resende et al.
    [Show full text]