What Are We Doing Here? Drought, Dread and Family in the American Southwest by Cally Carswell CONTENTS

‘PUNISHMENT COMEDY’ | THE ARIDIFYING SOUTHWEST | REDEFINING RESTORATION High Country ForN people whoews care about the West August 6, 2018 | $5 | Vol. 50 No. 13 | www.hcn.org 13 50 No. | $5 Vol. August 6, 2018 What Are We Doing Here? Drought, dread and family in the American Southwest By Cally Carswell CONTENTS Editor’s note When dreams dry up We knew it was going to be a weird summer when it barely snowed all winter. By the end of May, the last patches of white had vanished from 11,401-foot Mount Lamborn, and the words, “Never seen anything like it,” slipped out of the mouths of even our most ardent climate skeptics. A month later, irrigation ditches stopped flowing, and skies grew murky from wildfires. An oppressive atmosphere settled over our valley, like the aftermath of a presidential tweet storm. That made it even weirder when, on July 8, a friend spotted what looked like a body floating down turgid Minnesota Creek, just outside of town. A microburst had dumped three-quarters of an inch of rain in less than an hour, swelling the dismal trickle to a full-fledged flood. The man was lucky to survive; he’d been swept into the creek a half-mile upstream while trying to jump across it. Somehow he dragged Don Bustos adjusts the headgate to the acequia that runs through his and neighboring farms and orchards in himself out, muddy and cold as a crawdad. Española, New Mexico, where his ancestors began farming more than 400 years ago. STEFAN WACHS How quickly and violently the climate tables can turn in the West, and how unprepared for this FEATURE we generally are. This is the reality contemplated in this issue by longtime HCN contributing editor, 12 What Are We Doing Here? Cally Carswell, who wonders whether she and her Drought, dread and family in the American Southwest By Cally Carswell husband, Colin, can survive in New Mexico. Does it 15 There’s no place like home make sense to stay in a place where drought and On the cover Climate change hits close to the heart for many heat are making water ever more scarce, even as Colin Dyck and northern New Mexicans By Cally Carswell | Portraits by Stefan Wachs more people pour in? author Cally Carswell We’ve never let a little desert get in the way stand with their dog, CURRENTS of our dreams of empire. Los Angeles, Phoenix and Google, in the dry Las Vegas all rely on distant and diminishing water Santa Fe riverbed near 5 Neighbors on call to help one another Community health programs sources. Yet, as Carswell notes, scarcity is forcing us their home in Santa are thriving in Haiti, Montana and the Navajo Nation Fe, New Mexico. STEFAN to live more frugally. In Santa Fe, average per capita WACHS 5 Snapshot: Are we getting the health we pay for? daily water use has dropped from 140 gallons to 90 6 Howie Echo-Hawk wants to see you squirm The Pawnee comic over two decades. draws on his experiences as an Indigenous man That’s good news. But some physical limits 6 can’t be out-plumbed or transcended with dams The Latest: Four Corners methane hotspot or low-flow toilets. I realized this on a trip down 7 In the Southwest, ‘drought’ ... or ... the Colorado River in late May, from Moab, Utah, Why ‘aridification’ is a better term for our new reality through Cataract Canyon to Lake Powell. Though 8 Restoration’s crisis of confidence To revive damaged landscapes, low flows made the rapids less treacherous, we ran ecologists can’t look to the past more of them, ultimately through piles of silt, thanks to the receding reservoir. A few of them were new 9 The Latest: Coal ash regulation rollback to our Colorado Riverkeeper guide, John Weisheit — DEPARTMENTS they weren’t there the year before. Despite the likely decades of drought ahead, 3 FROM OUR WEBSITE: HCN.ORG Weisheit said, it’s premature to predict when the Complete access reservoir will fully return to river or its silt loads to subscriber-only 4 LETTERS content render Glen Canyon Dam utterly useless. He pointed 10 THE HCN COMMUNITY Research Fund, Dear Friends to layers of sediment high up the canyon walls — HCN’s website hcn.org 20 MARKETPLACE evidence, he said, of past mega-floods, any of which would easily take out the dam. Digital edition 22 BOOKS Educated: A Memoir by Tara Westover. Reviewed by Jenny Shank hcne.ws/digi-5013 With the sun beating down and temperatures in 23 ESSAY Except for the frogs By Joseph Belli the 90s again today, it’s hard to imagine that. But cars were floating down the street in Santa Fe this 24 PERSPECTIVE Follow us week after a deluge dropped more than a fourth of Sightseeing at the political circus: In Montana, Trump’s spectacle the city’s annual average rainfall — 3.57 inches — in draws a crowd — for now By Elliott Woods one night. And in the distance, I hear thunder. @highcountrynews 28 HEARD AROUND THE WEST By Betsy Marston —Paul Larmer, executive director/publisher 2 High Country News August 6, 2018 FROM OUR WEBSITE: HCN.ORG The Colorado valley at stake Trending in Trump’s oil boom Hammond Once a coal town, Paonia, Colorado, (home pardon of High Country News) has transformed itself over the past few decades to diversify its continues economy. Today, organic farms and wineries Bundy dot the landscape. But under the Trump standoff administration, up to 95 percent of the valley surrounding the town could be available In an opinion piece, to drillers: In July, the Bureau of Land Rocky Barker argues Management announced it would offer 7,903 that President Donald acres in the valley to drillers in December. Trump’s pardon of President Donald Trump wants to the Oregon ranchers open millions of acres across the West, whose legal case all owned by taxpayers, to private oil helped spark the and gas companies. Last year alone, his armed takeover of administration put 11.9 million acres on the Malheur National the auction block. These are symptoms of a Wildlife Refuge growing bond between federal officials and perpetuates the the oil and gas industry, as shown by emails polarization triggered and correspondence obtained by E&E News, by the entire Bundy which reveal directives and orders by Trump family saga. Dwight officials to shelve environmental policies in Hammond and his son, Steven, were order to speed energy development. convicted of arson Colorado’s North Fork Valley, where nearly 8,000 acres of BLM lands will be offered to drillers ZACK COLMAN/E&E NEWS in 2012, and the in a December lease sale. MORGAN LEVY FOR REVEAL Read more online: hcne.ws/oil-threat Bundys took up their cause in 2016. For the Hammonds to go free means provocateurs What Trump did was take the name of a real Indian person like the Bundys can (whose history has already been distorted beyond recognition in popular culture) feel empowered to “ push their alternative brand of American and transformed it into a racially bigoted epithet. history and the —Lawmakers of the Montana American Indian Caucus, writing in an opinion piece about President Donald Trump’s July 5 speech in Great Falls, Montana, in law. The standoff which he repeatedly referred to Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., as Pocahontas: “We are not Pocahontas.” continues. Read more online as part of The Montana Gap series:” hcne.ws/bigoted-epithet You say ANDY GROZ: “The Teens learn mental health skills in Montana Inches of precipitation recorded last year problem, as others by farmer Byron Carter in Retired Browning, Montana, educator Larry and is a way to “help empower kids to become have noted, is that 2Divide County, North Dakota Woolf spent 11 years as a teacher and 15 as more involved in their own lives and to take the Bureau of Land a guidance counselor in public schools on the more control in their lives to reduce the stigma Management are Blackfeet Reservation. He has seen, again and of mental health and mental-health issues,” being entirely too again, the devastating pain of teenage suicide. Woolf said. tolerant of abusers. Average precipitation, in inches, there in a year. Woolf is now a trainer and classroom presenter MELODY MARTINSEN/CHOTEAU ACANTHA The vast majority 12 for the Youth Aware of Mental Health program, Read more online: hcne.ws/teen-health of ranchers do not In 2017, North Dakota ranchers were which focuses on prevention, not treatment, support what the optimistic when they put their cattle out to Bundys did, and they do support the system graze in late spring. But by July, two-thirds of Montana high school student suicide risk assessment the pastureland in the Dakotas was in poor as is.” condition, and across the High Plains, from Kansas up to Canada, temperatures were 21 in 100 say they’ve seriously 10 in 100 say they’ve FRED MARSICO: above normal while precipitation was low — considered suicide in the last attempted suicide in the last “Federal agencies perfect conditions for what’s known as a ”flash year, up by 6 from 2007 year, up by 2 from 2007 have forced hundreds drought,” sudden and severe. North Dakota of ranchers out of is experiencing climate change, and is “at the business by changing epicenter of temperature increases.” the rules. The issue But while ranchers worry about their of federal lands cattle and crops, the state’s cattle industry has won’t be solved in Growing been fighting government action on climate a few comments or change at every level.

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