GBV Prevention Curriculum
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GBV Prevention Curriculum: 2020 This project is funded through the Jordan Humanitarian Fund of the United Nations (JHF), with the generous support of Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Italy. 0 Table of Contents Content Page No. Acknowledgement 2 List of Definitions 3 Introduction 6 Background 7 Objective 9 Chapter One: The Theoretical Framework - GBV 10 Chapter Two: Best Practices for the Prevention of GBV 15 2.1 Prevention of Gender-Based Violence 15 2.2 Gender Equality 52 2.3 Raising Social Awareness and Prevention Messages 61 Chapter Three: Key Messages for the Prevention of GBV 89 Chapter Four: Facilitating Activities for the Prevention of Gender- 103 Based Violence 4.1 The Theory – The Expertise – The Application 103 4.2 Facilitating the Training Sessions to Communicate Key Messages for 106 the Prevention of GBV 4.3 What is Facilitation? 107 4.4 The Role of the Facilitator 108 4.5 The Basic Skills and Techniques of Facilitation 109 4.6 Ways and Means of Facilitation 123 4.7 Facilitation Recommendations 129 4.8 Presentation Skills 130 4.9 Designing Training Sessions 132 Chapter Five: Activities for the Prevention of GBV 136 References 167 Annexes 169 1 Acknowledgement Chaired by Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah, the Jordan River Foundation (JRF) is a non- profit, non-governmental organization established in 1995 with a focus on child safety and community empowerment. Driven by values of social justice, impactful interventions to alleviate poverty, and socio-economic empowerment - focusing on women and youth, JRF implements various programs to achieve its mission of transforming Jordanian communities. It has been a major player in Jordan’s social and economic development, bringing forth over 20 years of experience to local community empowerment and child safety. JRF has also been supporting homegrown solutions that engage Jordanians and help them address local challenges. Most importantly, JRF places the wellbeing of children at the center of its development initiatives. The Jordan River Foundation would like to express its gratitude to the organizations whose contribution, guidance, and advice have helped shape this unprecedented work on Gender Based Violence (GBV). This curriculum is the offspring of the time and effort put by the members of the SGBV Working Group and in particular: United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), UNHCR, CARE International – Jordan, ActionAid, Arab Renaissance for Democracy and Development (ARDD), Plan International Jordan, Arab Women Media Center (AWMC), Movimiento por la Paz (MPDL), Noor Al Hussein Foundation-Institute for Family Health/ King Hussein Foundation, International Rescue Committee (IRC), Terre des Hommes – Lausanne (TdH-L), and Terre des Hommes – Italy (TdH-I). 2 List of Definitions All the definitions here-below are based on the National SOPs “The Guidelines and Policies Concerning the Prevention of Violence, and the response thereto, in Jordan” (GBV, Domestic Violence and Child Protection), 2018, document.1 Gender-Based Violence Any harmful act committed against a person’s will, and based on the differences attributed by society between males and females. The nature and degree of specific types of gender-based violence vary from one culture to another, from country to country and from one region to another. Gender Indicates the social relationship and role, and the values that a society determines for each gender (man and woman). These roles, relationships and values differ depending of the time and place, given how they overlap with the other social relations like religion, the social strata, ethnicity, and so on. Gender Roles Are a series of social expectations and behaviors, on how the individuals of a certain culture should behave in line with their biological identity, and the difference in the roles and responsibilities assigned to men and women, among other stereotyping in different cultural settings. Sex Whether an individual is male or female. Whether the individual has a penis or a vagina. In English the word sex is also used to refer the act of intercourse. Raising Awareness about GBV Activities that are conducted in a society that is being impacted, in order to raise the awareness about GBV. Domestic Violence Any action, or the avoidance of an action, by one family member against another, that causes physical, or mental harm. 1 National Council for Family Affairs (NCFA). (2018), The Guidelines and Policies Concerning the Prevention of Violence, and the response thereto, in Jordan (GBV, Domestic Violence and Child Protection), available at: https://ncfa.org.jo/uploads/2020/08/7af17841-4485-5f31151707f5.pdf 3 Economic Violence/Abuse This is also a kind of abuse, whereby the perpetrator economically controls the victim in order to prevent access of the victim to resources and work, and retaining any benefits they have acquired, and ensuring they are preventing them from being self-sufficient and financially independent. Emotional Abuse (also referred to as Psychological Abuse) Causing emotional or metal harm or injury. Examples of this are: threatening with physical or sexual violence, intimidation, degradation, forced isolation, social exclusion, stalking, verbal harassment, unwanted attention, making sexual connotation, or written sexual threats, breaking objects that are valuable to the victim…. Etc. Sexual Abuse The term "sexual abuse" means any assault or threat of assault of a sexual nature, whether this coerced, or is under coercive or unequal conditions. Sexual Violence This is the violence resulting from sexual activities or behaviors, and includes harassment, sexual connotation, seduction, and forced sexual acts, and also includes the sexual abuse of a child, like forcing or coercing a child to participate in sexual activities, whether the child is aware of these or not, or encouraging the child to watch pornographic content, or participate in the production, marketing or distribution of pornography, or encouraging the child to act in an inappropriate sexual manner. 2 Sexual Assault It is any form of forced sexual intercourse that does not result or does not involve penetration. Examples include attempted rape, kissing the unwilling victim, unwanted stroking, and touching of the private parts and backside of the victim. Sexual Exploitation The term “sexual exploitation” mean real or attempted exploitation of vulnerability, or difference in strength, or confidence, for sexual purposes, including but not limited to, achieving financial, social or political benefits, by sexually exploiting others. 2 Sexual violence includes rape, defined as physically forced or otherwise coerced penetration – even if slight – of the vulva or anus, using a penis, other body parts or an object. The attempt to do so is known as attempted rape. Rape of a person by two or more perpetrators is known as gang rape. Sexual violence can include other forms of assault involving a sexual organ, including coerced contact between the mouth and penis, vulva or anus. National Council for Family Affairs (NCFA). (2018), The Guidelines and Policies Concerning the Prevention of Violence, and the response thereto, in Jordan (GBV, Domestic Violence and Child Protection), available at: https://ncfa.org.jo/uploads/2020/08/7af17841-4485-5f31151707f5.pdf 4 Sexual Harassment Is the unwanted sexual approach towards someone, requesting sexual services, and any verbal or physical behavior that is sexual in nature. Empowerment of Women The idea of empowering women revolves around allowing women to have authority, and controlling their private lives. This does not include enhancing the ability of the men to protect the women. Forced Marriage A forced marriage involves marring off an individual against their wishes or will. Child Marriage (Also referred to as Early Marriage) Child marriages, are the marriages of individuals below the age of 18 years. The Perpetrator Is an individual, or a group of individuals, or an entity that directly or indirectly causes violence, or supports it, or any other violation against another person. The Survivor A survivor is someone who has experienced gender-based violence, but has not succumbed to violence. The survivor, at the time when they are subjected to gender-based violence is considered a victim. These people have survived and became survivors. Some people prefer to use the term "survivor" rather than "victim," because this term recognizes the identity of the person who has experienced violence. Physical Abuse /Violence This is the physical abuse/violence that is not sexual in nature. This includes hitting, slapping, chocking, cutting, pushing, firing at, using a weapon against, and/or throwing acid at a person, and any other behavior that causes pain, injury or distress. 5 Introduction This guide was developed by the Jordan River Foundation in partnership with Jordan Humanitarian Fund of the United Nations (JHF - OCHA) with the generous support of Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Sweden and Italy, and in close coordination with the SGBV SWG (Sexual and Gender Based Violence Sub-Working Group) to act as a guiding tool for institutions and organizations. The various programs aiming at planning and implementing projects aimed at promoting prevention and elimination of all types of gender-based violence in Jordan, and providing a knowledge base based on best practices that have been implemented in this regard, in addition to lessons learned from practices that did not meet the expected success with a view to avoid or reprogram it according to the target context. Given