Preserving the Ethos of Industry at the Carrie Furnaces
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Preserving the Ethos of Industry at The Carrie Furnaces: The Redevelopment of an Industrial Heritage Site and ARCHIVES the Interpretation of Manufacturing Culture MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE By OF TECHNOLOLG Y Sunny Menozzi JUN 2 9 2015 B.S. Political Science and Russian LIBRARIES United States Military Academy, West Point, 2008 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF URBAN STUDIES AND PLANNING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN CITY PLANNING ATTHE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 2015 ©2015 Sunny Menozzi. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. ,Signature redacted Signature of Author i_ _______ \ ...... ; () v 'Q'epartment of Urban Studies and Planning '\...a'J _ 1 May 21, 2015 Certifiedby_Signature redacted ____ - v Professor Dennis Frenchman Department of Urban Studies and Planning /l / /" Thesis Supervisor Accepted by_Sig nature redacted ____ Professor Dennis Frenchman Chair, MCP Committee Department of Urban Studies and Planning Preserving the Ethos of Industry at The Carrie Furnaces: The Redevelopment of an Industrial Heritage Site and the Interpretation of Manufacturing Culture By Sunny Menozzi Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on May 21th, 2015 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in City Planning ABSTRACT This thesis proposes design principles and a program for site of the Carrie Blast Furnace Plant, a National Historic Landmark in Pittsburgh’s Monongahela Valley. The Redevelopment Authority of Allegheny County intends to redevelop this 168-acre former industrial site in the near future. In anticipation of this regionally important redevelopment project, this thesis considers the philosophical commitments of historic preservation, weighs economic growth imperatives, explores how the Carrie Furnaces could be made to cultivate public memory of industrialism, and examines competing visions of significance, authenticity, and interpretation of heritage sites, particularly in the context of deindustrialization. Four cases studies of internationally renowned projects demonstrate best practices in the redevelopment of historic blast furnace plants, ironworks, steelworks, and collieries. The Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park and Zollverein Park in Germany, the Belval City of Science project in Luxembourg, and the Parque Fundidora in Mexico all provide lessons in the preservation and adaptive reuse of derelict industrial infrastructure. Though their contexts differ, these four cases offer a common set of best practices to guide the Carrie Furnaces project. First, through designs and programs, these projects interpret the stories of industrial heritage sites for contemporary audiences, thereby cultivating public memory. Second, these projects’ adaptive reuse of historic structures and spaces creates new, contemporary relationships between the sites and their various public audiences. This, as well as the fact that the designs are inspired by site-specific characteristics and are decidedly of their places and times, imparts authenticity. Third, these projects promote local economic revitalization through mixed-use development that engages broad constituencies. Finally, the projects use elements that pay homage to the industrial forms, materials, and culture that characterize their places. This paper’s proposed development program and design for the Carrie Furnaces site preserves the site’s “ethos of industry” through a 21st-century manufacturing and tourism program that interprets the Carrie Blast Furnace Plant as a site of historic, vertically-integrated iron and steel production for the contemporary public consciousness. This program also promotes multi-sectoral economic growth, reconnects ailing nearby communities to the site, and conserves the material and cultural aesthetics of steel production, labor, thrift, and enterprise that made industrial Pittsburgh the center of American heavy manufacturing. Thesis Advisor: Dennis Frenchman Title: Leventhal Professor of Urban Design and Planning; Associate Dean, School of Architecture and Planning JUN 2 0 2016 Thesis Errata Sheet Author .. ~U-~fl.YM~Dg~~i.. .... ... --·- ... _ Primary Dept . .~f9.?lf} St~di~s. and.J'la,_f.mir:t9 ..... Degree M:G~P.: ........ ·" Graduation date . Jun 2015 Thesis title Preserving the Ethos of Industry at The Carrie Furnaces: · ·The Redevelopment·of-- an-.Jnd1.1strial Heritage ·Site ·and·the .... ___ ·-·------·--~"""·- ·· ____ lntfilPJetation of ManufacturjngJ;ulture___ ________ # _____,. ___ * .... - --·-· .. ... .. ... ·•· -- . ...• . .... ....•......••..•........... •.. ., . .......... .......................... ....... Brief description of errata sheet Corrects typographical errors, formatting errors {e.g., incorrect font or font size), and incorreotly-formatted-information-in-feotnotes, image Gredits, and·bibfiography; -adds-· ··· ~-~!_~§_jJJJ,~g~ Wf?[..8 c,~wr~d tQJ!rla_9~::9f~gt~~Q~.ects tb_ree in_c;grrftflCt S_Q~~e ~~tiQ.D.~~ corrects arp11abet1ca or ermg errors m u1u11ograpr ,y; separates u1 6 1ograpny anu image credits ···· ···-· ···· ·· - .... _-· ·· _.... ·· - ·----- ·------·-- .. _._ .... ·--··---·--,,·--···--······-·· ·-·- ···· ···· ···--· ·-······· ········ ······ ····· ··--· ~-··· ········ ·--··· - ---··· - ··· · ••••••••------,-·•••-•w·••owo·ow•• --•.. 00 ··--·•w•••,-w•••• ow••<•·•• ··--··••-oo••O••·••••o••••-• -o•• •O•••·••••-••••• •>O·=•-·••••<M••-••-.•«-·'•'•""••••~•••••-- ·'•'*·'--·•••·--·••---··-'-•--·-··•--•···-·------•·-· ••••"••W••···--··•~ . ••· ••• •••••• • •••••••••••••. ••••••••••••••• •••• • • ••·• ··•.-,.••-'-•A•·•· " •n••• •• n=-'-"'• '-h•• • , • ·••"""' ' .L ..... " •·-'-~'- ,._...,.--···•='·•'-·"' ...-~ .--. ,,.,_._,,_..,._,,_, ,..,. v ·•~wvv, Number of pages __!-2_ _(11 maximum, including this page) .. Author: I request that the attached errata sheet be added to my thesis. I have attached two copies prepared as prescribed by the current Specifications for Thesis Preparation. Signature of author 'STg nat LI re redacted - -·· . ---··----·····- Date _:5J;:g:;i_f\k .. l./ _... Thesis Supervisor or . Chair: I approve the attached errata sheet and recommend its addition to the stud 's thesis. Signature ___ ~jg natU re redacted --... __ Date J;.._... ~ .( 2- lb Name ~-----¥-..-:__fl~~ - -[] Thesis supervisor ~pt. Chair .- Dean for Graduate Education: I approve the attached errata sheet and direct the Institute Archives to insert it intJ1 cogies ~ nt's thesis held by the MIT Libraries, both print and electronic. s. nt d ----t d 1gna ure re ac e fl.I 2- 0 11"' Signature ...................... -....... ~ ...... _....... ........ ··-·-·---- ····· ··--·.------·-·-"-···· .. .., ··-··--· ··· -·-· Date ___ ] ____ ]'. Name ----.. ~<i>h:n~_i2t·fl'~-----------------·~ Errata - p.1 Pg. 8, bullet 9 Text: Programmatic Division of the Site (font Avenir, 10 pt.) Corrected Text: Text reformatted to Avenir 11 pt. Pg. 10, lines 2-4 Text: The Carrie Furnaces site…at the center of Pittsburgh (font Avenir, 10 pt.) Correct Text: Text reformatted to Times New Roman 12 pt.; text indented and realigned Pg. 10, lines 5-10 Text: The site is oriented…to the Rivers of Steel Heritage Corporation (font Avenir, 10 pt.) Corrected Text: Text reformatted to Times New Roman 12 pt.; text indented and realigned Pg. 13, lines 4-5 Text: I first apply…, and then, apply a descriptive analytical framework I developed. Corrected Text: I first apply…, and then apply a descriptive analytical framework I developed. Pg. 17, citation 12 Text: Charles Wethered, On. Restoration by E. Viollet-Le-Duc and a Notice Of His Works an Connection with the Historical Monuments of France. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, & Searle, 1875. P. 65. Corrected Text: Charles Wethered, On Restoration by E. Viollet-Le-Duc and a Notice Of His Works and Connection with the Historical Monuments of France. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, & Searle, 1875. P. 65. Pg. 21, citation 29 Text: Douet 2012 (essayist Neil Cossons, “Why Preserve the Industrial Heritage?”) Corrected Text: Cossons, Neil. “Why Preserve the Industrial Heritage.” In Industrial Heritage Re-tooled: The TICCIH Guide to Industrial Heritage Conservation, edited by James Douet, 6 – 16. Lancaster, UK, Carnegie Publishing Ltd.: 2012. Pg. 21, citation 33 Text: Douet, 8 (essayist Neil Cossons, “Why Preserve the Industrial Heritage?”) Corrected Text: Cossons in Douet, 8 Pg 22, citation 39 Text: Douet, 37 (essayist Louis Bergeron, “The Heritage of Industrial Society”) Corrected Text: Bergeron, Louis. “The Heritage of the Industrial Society.” In Industrial Heritage Re-tooled: The TICCIH Guide to Industrial Heritage Conservation, edited by James Douet, 31 – 39. Lancaster, UK, Carnegie Publishing Ltd.: 2012. P. 37. Pg. 22, citation 40 Text: Douet, 8 (essayist Neil Cossons, “Why Preserve the Industrial Heritage?”) Corrected Text: Cossons in Douet, 8 Pg. 25, citation 51 Text: “Battersea Power Station.” No Date. Web. 4 Mar 15. [www.batterseapowerstation.co.uk] Corrected Text: Battersea Power Station. Development Official Website. No Date. Web. 4 Mar 15. [www. batterseapowerstation.co.uk] Pg. 25, Citation 52 Text: “Tate Modern.” The Art Fund official website. Online. No Date. Web. 14 Mar 15. [www.artfund.org] Corrected Text: “Museums and Galleries: Tate Modern.” Art Fund (official website). No Date. Web. 4 Mar 15. [www.artfund.org] Pg. 25, citation 53 Text: Garrod, Nick. “Turbine