DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Mechanism for Hemispheric Cooperation on Environmental Sustainability and Trade?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Mechanism for Hemispheric Cooperation on Environmental Sustainability and Trade? F U N D A C I O N E C O S A NON-PROFIT EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH CENTER TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MERCOSUR REGION SINCE 1994 A New Mechanism for Hemispheric Cooperation on Environmental Sustainability and Trade? DRAFT CONCEPT PAPER FOR CONSULTATION. Developed by Members of the Hemispheric Working Group on Trade and Environment: Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger (Project Director, Americas Portfolio, IISD) Maria Leichner Reynal, (Executive Director, Fundacion ECOS) Nicola Borregaard (Coordinator Economy and Environment, CIPMA) Ana Karina González (Coordinator Trade and Environment, CEMDA) Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger Project Director, Americas Portfolio UNEP / IISD 3661 Peel St. Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1X! Tel: (514) 581-4984 Fax: (514) 398 8197 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://iisd.ca/trade María Leichner Reynal Executive Director FUNDACION ECOS CEP 56098 Agencia 20 Punta del Este Uruguay Tel/Fax0 (59-842) 771252 Email: [email protected] Interent: http://www.fundacionecos.org Nicola Borregaard Coordinator Economy and Environment CIPMA Bucarest 046 Santiago Chile Tel: (56-2) 3341091 Fax: (56-2)3341095 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cipma.cl/ Ana Karina González Lutzenkirchen Coordinator Trade and Environment Programme CEMDA Atlixco 138 col. Condesa, 06140 México, D.F. Tel: (52) 55.53.99.75 / 52.86.33.23 ext 17 Fax: (52) 52.11.23.93 E-mail : [email protected] Internet: www.cemda.org.mx 1. Introduction The launching of the FTAA (Free Trade Area of Ministers of LAC (Latin America and the the Americas) process opened the doors for Caribbean) has been meeting for several years under mutually supportive environmental, social and trade the auspices of the United Nations Environment policies, and for the participation of civil society. Programme Regional Office for Latin America and The FTAA is being negotiated in the context of a the Caribbean, with Canadian and American broader Summit of the Americas process, which observers.iii Modeled on the 1992 Rio ‘Earth holds the potential to advance sustainable Summit’ Agenda 21, a hemispheric sustainable development. The original 1994 ‘Summit of the development agenda was also declared by the 34 Americas’ agenda aimed to create a partnership governments in the 1996 Santa Cruz Summit of the between the economies and countries of the Americas in Bolivia. Unlike in Rio, no legally Americas for environmental protection, economic binding environmental accords were opened for growth, democratic reform and social justice. A key signature in Santa Cruz, but various sectoral component of sustainable development is environmental initiatives have been launched, environmental management. Just as the Americas including the Red Inter-Americana de Recursos Hidricos Environment Ministers who met in Montreal in (RIRH), Iniciativa Energia Renovable en las Americas April, 2001, committed to maximize the potential (EREA), and the Inter-American Biodiversity Information for mutually supportive policies on economic Network (IABIN).iv integration and environmental protection,i so did the Declaration of the Third Summit of the Governments of the Americas have agreed in Americas, in April, 2001, Quebec City, address the principle that… “[d]evelopment strategies need to environment as part of ‘creating prosperity’ in the include sustainability as an essential requirement for Western Hemisphere. These advances are the balanced, interdependent, and integral embedded in a context of increasingly serious attainment of economic, social, and environmental environment and development challenges in the goals.”v Creating the appropriate hemispheric legal Americas, and resulting advancements in and policy framework to promote sustainability environmental law and policy on various levels.ii In would be simply a fundamental starting point. particular, an active forum of Environment 2. The Americas: Two Regions, Five Sub-Regions, One Hemisphere. To develop such an agenda, it is first necessary to do well to consider models from the whole range of look at the actual ‘architecture’ of international sub-regional mechanisms.vii While North American economic, development and environmental Agreement for Environmental Cooperation is a well- cooperation in the Americas, and how it has known example, the newer and perhaps further- changed recently. Traditional international relations reaching Framework Agreement on the Environment in theory divides the Western Hemisphere into sharply the Mercosur, as well as the Central American Alliance defined breaks between North and Latin America for Sustainable Development, the efforts of the Andean (with an addition of ‘the Caribbean’ in voce sotto). Consejo de Autoridades Ambientales de la Comunidad However, in practice, the Free Trade Area of the Andina, or certain aspects of the CARICOM, also Americas is being deliberatelyvi built upon advances present innovations worthy of examination. A new achieved in five sub-regional trade agreements; the kind of hemispheric thinking, based on Mercosur, the Andean Community (ANCOM), the consideration of at least five sub-regional models Caribbean Community (CARICOM), the Central for trade and sustainability policy linkages, is American Common Market (CACM), and the necessary to recommend strategic directions for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). high priority international nexus of trade and As policy makers grapple with the question of trade sustainable development in the Western and environment in the FTAA process, they would Hemisphere. 3. A Survey of Models for Hemispheric Environmental Cooperation The FTAA is different from all sub-regional The Mercosur Framework Agreement on the Environment environmental cooperation processes in three ways. Linkages between trade and the environment were First, the 34 Parties are already linked by a complex recognised early in the process of building the web of occasionally in-effectual but historically Mercosur, and a ‘Sub-Grupo No.6’ now exists on the established hemispheric and sub-regional inter- environment, as one of the recognised technical governmental organisations and legal instruments. working bodies. The Council (Consejo Mercado Any proposals will not be starting from scratch, and Común) , in June 2001, approved the Mercosur cannot expect to create scratch, then start, either. Framework Agreement on the Environment which was Second, in terms of procedure, a special political added to the Treaty of Asuncion of the Mercosur.ix context exists in connection with advancing FTAA A comprehensive treaty, the 2001 Mercosur negotiations, where parallel hemispheric Framework Agreement on the Environment, at Chapter 2, environment and development measures might be Article 4, establishes a shared objective of welcomed as part of the package. Finally, trade “sustainable development and environmental liberalisation itself is a debated issue in the public protection through the development of economic, mind of many countries today, and a well-informed social and environmental dimensions, contributing civil society movement is developing in the to a better quality of environment and life for the Americas parallel to the ever-stronger protest voice. people.”x This objective establishes the accord as an It will be necessary to put forward a focused trade integrated instrument. The text of the agreement and sustainability agenda with appropriate financial provides for upward harmonisation of and political support in order to convince these environmental management systems and increased groups to support a new hemispheric process. To co-operation on shared ecosystems, in addition to do so, an examination of sub-regional models is mechanisms for social participation and the useful. protection of health. At Chapter 3, it commits member states to cooperation on the development Environmental management regimes exist in the of instruments for environmental management five sub-regions of the Americas through a series of including quality standards, environmental impact sub-regional agreements aimed at preserving the assessment methods, environmental monitoring and environment and promoting sustainable costs, environmental information systems and development. Common challenges include the need certification processes. At Chapter 4, Art. 8 to 11, for coordination of environmental laws, standards, there are provisions for the settlement of any certification, capacity building or awareness disputes (by reference to the existing Mercosur programs, coping with forest fires, transboundary dispute settlement process) and other general air and water pollution, desertification, and floods, mechanisms for implementation of the Framework as well as efforts for joint ecosystem management, Agreement. The Annex provides a framework for wildlife protection or conservation of biodiversity.viii the future development of protocols in three areas: Sub-regional environmental regimes in the Americas sustainable management of natural resources (such are integrated to varying degrees into the relevant as protected areas, biological diversity, biosafety, trade agreements or common markets, or into other wildlife management, forests, and hydrological broader political processes. Institutional resources); quality of life and environmental arrangements also vary greatly. Early examples management (such as hazardous waste address common concerns requiring trans-boundary management, urban planning, renewable energy, environmental management and simply coordinate and improvement of soil
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Priority Contribution Quantifying the Illegal Parrot Trade in Santa Cruz De La Sierra, Bolivia, with Emphasis on Threatened Spec
    Bird Conservation International (2007) 17:295–300. ß BirdLife International 2007 doi: 10.1017/S0959270907000858 Printed in the United Kingdom Priority contribution Quantifying the illegal parrot trade in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, with emphasis on threatened species MAURICIO HERRERA HURTADO and BENNETT HENNESSEY Summary We monitored the illegal pet trade in Los Pozos pet market from August 2004 to July 2005. As indicated in Bolivian law, all unauthorized trade in wild animal species is illegal, especially species considered threatened by IUCN. During this period, we recorded 7,279 individuals of 31 parrot species, including four threatened species, two of which were being transported from Brazil through Bolivia to markets in Peru. The most frequently sold species was the Blue-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva with 1,468 individuals observed during our study, the majority of which (94%) were believed to have been captured in the wild. Most of the purchased birds remain within Bolivia, while the more expensive, threatened species frequently head to Peru; some individuals may even reach Europe. We believe our study describes only a small proportion of the Bolivian parrot trade, underscoring the potential extent of the illegal pet trade and the need for better Bolivian law enforcement. Resumen Monitoreamos el comercio ilegal de aves en el mercado de mascotas de Los Pozos, desde agosto de 2004 a julio de 2005. De acuerdo a lo que establece la ley boliviana, todo comercio no autorizado de animales salvajes es ilegal, especialmente de especies consideradas Amenazadas por la IUCN. Durante este periodo, grabamos 7.279 individuos de 31 especies de loros, incluyendo 4 especies amenazadas, de las cuales dos fueron transportadas desde Brasil a trave´s de Bolivia hacia mercados en Peru´ .
    [Show full text]
  • Comunicacion
    BANCOCENTRALDELAREPUBLICAARGENTINA __________________________________________________________________ COMUNICACION"B"5630I27/06/94 __________________________________________________________________ ALASENTIDADESFINANCIERAS: Ref.:CircularCOPEX-1Cap.III,punto1.3. ConveniosdePagosyCreditos ReciprocosdelaALADIylaRepublica Dominicana.Actualizaciondela nominadeinstitucionesautorizadas delexterior. NosdirigimosaUds.conreferenciaalaComunicacion"B" 5614del31demayode1994(CircularCOPEX-1,Cap.III,punto 1.3.),mediantelacualleshicimosconocereltextoordenadoy actualizadodelanominadeInstitucionesAutorizadasparaoperar dentrodelosConveniosdePagosyCreditosReciprocos,delos paisesparticipantesenelsistemadelaAsociacion LatinoamericanadeIntegracion(A.L.A.D.I.)ydelaRepublica Dominicana. Alrespecto,llevamosasuconocimientoqueseefectuaron lassiguientesmodificaciones: 1.EXCLUSION EnREPUBLICADECOLOMBIA LaGRANFINANCIERACORPORACIONFINANCIERAS.A.,ensuplazade SantaFedeBogota,concodigo2826. 2.INCLUSION EnREPUBLICAFEDERATIVADELBRASIL ElBANCOLAVRAS.A.,conplazaenSaoPauloycodigo1600. ElBANCOPATENTES.A.,conplazaenSaoPauloycodigo1599. 3.MODIFICACION EnREPUBLICADEBOLIVIA ElBANCOPOPULARS.A.,pasaadenominarseBANCODECREDITODE BOLIVIA.,conservandolamismaplazaycodigo(719). EnREPUBLICADECOLOMBIA LaCORPORACIONFINANCIERADEDESARROLLOINDUSTRIALYMINERO S.A.,pasaadenominarseCORPORACIONFINANCIERADEDESARROLLO INDUSTRIALYAGRARIO,conservandolamismaplazaycodigo (2810). EnREPUBLICAORIENTALDELURUGUAY LaCOMPANIAGENERALDENEGOCIOSCASABANCARIA,pasaa denominarseINSTITUCIONFINANCIERAEXTERNACOMPANIAGENERALDE
    [Show full text]
  • Acta Botanica Brasilica - 34(2): 312-326
    Acta Botanica Brasilica - 34(2): 312-326. April-June 2020. doi: 10.1590/0102-33062019abb0353 Phenology and dispersal syndromes of woody species in deciduous forest fragments of the Pantanal in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil Michele Soares de Lima1* and Geraldo Alves Damasceno-Junior2 Received: December 28, 2019 Accepted: February 24, 2020 . ABSTRACT We analyzed the phenological responses of shrub-tree species of lowland deciduous (LDF) and submontane deciduous (SFD) forests in the Pantanal, and assessed their relationships with climatic factors at the community level and with strategies for seed dispersal. Vegetative and reproductive phenophases of 50 tree-shrub species were monitored monthly (12 months), and their relationship with climatic variables was tested using multiple linear regression. Time of leaf budding differed between areas for autochoric species and between autochoric and anemochoric species at LDF. Leaf fall in communities and functional groups was seasonal and highly synchronous during the dry season (95 % of species). Leaf budding peaked at the end of the dry season with > 80 % synchrony. In general, the species presented low synchrony or asynchrony for flowering phenophases, while fruiting phenophases were weakly seasonal but differed between functional groups. Temperature and precipitation were the regulating factors of vegetative phenophases in LDF, while daylength regulated them in SDF. Abiotic factors only influenced flowering phenophases at the dispersion group level. Only ripe fruits were related to reduced
    [Show full text]
  • Cisco International Playbook Logicalis’ International Cisco Capabilities Help You Maintain a Globally Consistent Experience
    Cisco International Playbook Logicalis’ international Cisco capabilities help you maintain a globally consistent experience. Your employees and customers expect to have The Logicalis and Cisco International Reach consistent tools, technologies and standards of Logicalis designs, builds and supports Information service — whether they’re across the building, and Communication Technology (ICT) for across town or across the globe. customers throughout Europe, North and South America, and Asia-Pacific. Logicalis is one of With Logicalis and Cisco, it is possible to create a Cisco’s top 8 partners in the world, and one of the single worldwide infrastructure and network through only partners to have earned the Cisco Unified which you can communicate with your colleague Communications Master Certification. Global “across the pond” as easily as if he or she worked relationships with Cisco, one of our key strategic in the cubicle or office adjacent to yours. Logicalis partners, and highly collaborative working practices has the knowledge, skills and capability to design, enable us to leverage the technical capacity, build and support a unified global infrastructure for specialist expertise and customer references that your business — wherever you are in the world and exist throughout our international operations. wherever your people need to work. International Managed Services Portfolio Logicalis offers an international managed services portfolio that comprises 24x7 proactive monitoring and management, with Operations Centers applying service management best practices located in the United States, UK, Argentina, Brazil and Malaysia. International Cisco Reach With a presence in 20 countries and almost 3,000 employees worldwide, Logicalis maintains a Cisco Gold Certified partnership in each region.
    [Show full text]
  • Avinaannual Report 2006
    Leadership for Sustainable Development in Latin America AVINA ANNUAL REPORT 2006 1 Opportunities for learning in Venezuela Table of Contents Chairman’s Message ........................................................3 On the Front Cover Who We Are ....................................................................5 The artist Karen Macher, gives the last touches to her sculpture during the First Annual International AVINA 2006: ....................................................................8 Sculpture Gathering in the Plaza de la Manzana in Santa Cruz organized by Our Contribution to Sustainable Development ............9 AVINA partners Valia Carvalho and Ejti Sthi. The event was part of the Communication for Social Transformation ................13 project “Un Árbol Bolivia,” which brings together art, the environment, Our Performance: What our Partners Say ................14 and industry. Wood certified by the A Look Inside ............................................................17 Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC) is transformed into works of art. The project calls 2 AVINA in Numbers ..........................................................19 attention to the importance of sustainable forest management, the role The Photographs in this Edition ......................................21 of FSC as a certifier in Bolivia, and the responsible consumption of forest Offices and Contacts ......................................................23 products. Participating artists donated six FSC-certified art sculptures Credits............................................................................25
    [Show full text]
  • Birding Tour Bolivia: General Information
    sical BIRDING TOUR BOLIVIA: GENERAL INFORMATION www.birdingecotours.com [email protected] 2 | INFORMATION Bolivia ARRIVAL INFORMATION Our tour will start in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Bolivia. You can reach Santa Cruz de la Sierra by several international flights coming from cities such as Lima, São Paulo, Miami, and Madrid. Please consult your travel agent to book the most convenient flight. Your Birding Ecotours tour leader will be waiting for you at Viru Viru International Airport with a small board with the Birding Ecotours logo and then transfer you to your hotel in a private shuttle. Please be aware that most international flights arrive in Santa Cruz de la Sierra in the afternoon, so we do not have any official birding activity planned for day 1. In case you arrive on an early flight you will be transferred to the hotel and will have to wait until check-in is available. For an early check-in you might be charged an extra fee directly by the hotel, which is not included in the Birding Ecotours tour price. When arriving at the airport please remember to keep your luggage tags, as they are required to exit the terminal at the Santa Cruz de la Sierra airport. Depending on time and weather we can spend a couple of hours of afternoon birding around the terminal’s grasslands. DEPARTURE INFORMATION After an incredible 22 days our tour will end in the city of La Paz. We will say fairwell the previous evening, and you will be transferred on the following day to El Alto International Airport to connect with your international flights.
    [Show full text]
  • ALADI - LISTA DE ENTIDADES AUTORIZADAS a OPERAR POR EL CPCR (Datos Actualizados Al 16/03/2020
    ALADI - LISTA DE ENTIDADES AUTORIZADAS A OPERAR POR EL CPCR (Datos actualizados al 16/03/2020 PAIS COD SICAP ENTIDAD PLAZA ARGENTINA 0014 BANCO BICA S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0017 BANCO CENTRAL DE LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0027 BANCO CREDICOOP COOPERATIVO LTDO. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0037 BANCO DE GALICIA Y BUENOS AIRES S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0040 BANCO DE LA CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0042 BANCO DE LA NACION ARGENTINA BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0043 BANCO DE LA PAMPA SOC.ECONOMIA MIXTA BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0044 BANCO DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0045 BANCO DE LA PCIA. DE CORDOBA S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0047 BANCO DE FORMOSA S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0055 BANCO DEL CHUBUT S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0068 NUEVO BANCO DEL CHACO SA BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0072 BANCO PROVINCIA DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0084 BBVA BANCO FRANCES S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0094 BANCO ITAU ARGENTINA S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0098 BANCO MARIVA S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0100 BANCO PATAGONIA S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0104 BANCO MUNICIPAL DE ROSARIO ROSARIO ARGENTINA 0118 BANCO SANTANDER RIO S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0119 HSBC BANK ARGENTINA S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0128 BANCO SUPERVIELLE S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0135 BNP PARIBAS BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0154 CITIBANK N.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0182 BANCO MACRO BANSUD S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0209 BANCO DE INVERSION Y COMERCIO EXTERIOR S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0222 BANCO CMF S.A. BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA 0227 DEUTSCHE BANK S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia Case Study
    United Nations Development Programme GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION COLOMBIA CASE STUDY TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY FACTS ................................................................................................................................. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 6 CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................... 7 Socio-economic context ...................................................................................................................... 7 Gender equality context....................................................................................................................... 7 WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION .................................................10 POLICY REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES ...............................................................32 Gender equality legislation ............................................................................................................... 32 Public administration legislation and policy ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Development of Santa Cruz De La Sierra
    Urban development of Santa Cruz de la Sierra Compared with the general urban development of Latin American cities from the Spanish colonisation until now Urban development of Santa Cruz de la Sierra Compared with the general urban development of Latin American cities from the Spanish colonisation until now History thesis Teacher: Dr. R.J. Rutte Written by: Rinske Maria Wessels Student number: B1271792 Date: 14 Januari 2009 Contents 1 Introduction 7 2 Colonisation (16th century) 9 2.1 Initial years of colonization (1492-1540) 9 2.2 Highest peak of European expansion (1540-1600) 9 2.3 The founding of Santa Cruz de la Sierra 13 2.4 Moving the city to its fi nal destination. 15 2.5 Conclusion 19 3 Slow economic, demographic and spatial change (17th till mid 19th century) 21 3.1 Latin American cities (1600-1850) 21 3.2 Santa Cruz de la Sierra 23 3.3 Conclusion 25 4 The 20th century urbanization (mid 18th till end of 20th century) 27 4.1 First wave of urbanization in Latin America (1850-1920) 27 4.2 Begin of the rapid urbanization in Latin America (1920-1980) 29 4.3 Extreme growth of Santa Cruz de la Sierra 31 4.4 Conclusion 35 5 The current state 37 5.1 Latin American cities 37 5.2 Santa Cruz de la Sierra 39 5.3 Conclusion 43 6 Conclusions 45 7 Epilogue 49 Discovery of new worlds between 1000-1673. [Santon, 2006] 8 Literature 51 5 1 Introduction In this essay a literature research will be done into the urban development of the city Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Bolivia.
    [Show full text]
  • Classification and Description of World Formation Types
    United States Department of Agriculture Classification and Description of World Formation Types Don Faber-Langendoen, Todd Keeler-Wolf, Del Meidinger, Carmen Josse, Alan Weakley, David Tart, Gonzalo Navarro, Bruce Hoagland, Serguei Ponomarenko, Gene Fults, Eileen Helmer Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-346 August 2016 Faber-Langendoen, D.; Keeler-Wolf, T.; Meidinger, D.; Josse, C.; Weakley, A.; Tart, D.; Navarro, G.; Hoagland, B.; Ponomarenko, S.; Fults, G.; Helmer, E. 2016. Classification and description of world formation types. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-346. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 222 p. Abstract An ecological vegetation classification approach has been developed in which a combi- nation of vegetation attributes (physiognomy, structure, and floristics) and their response to ecological and biogeographic factors are used as the basis for classifying vegetation types. This approach can help support international, national, and subnational classifica- tion efforts. The classification structure was largely developed by the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group (HRWG), which contained members from across the Americas. The HRWG was authorized by the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) to devel- op a revised global vegetation classification to replace the earlier versions of the structure that guided the U.S. National Vegetation Classification and International Vegetation Classification, which formerly relied on the UNESCO (1973) global classification (see FGDC 1997; Grossman and others 1998). This document summarizes the develop- ment of the upper formation levels. We first describe the history of the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group and discuss the three main parameters that guide the clas- sification—it focuses on vegetated parts of the globe, on existing vegetation, and includes (but distinguishes) both cultural and natural vegetation for which parallel hierarchies are provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Rutas Y Protocolos De Bioseguridad Vuelos Nacionales E Internacionales Gerencia De Apoyo Estratégico 05 Noviembre 2020
    Rutas y protocolos de bioseguridad Vuelos nacionales e internacionales Gerencia de Apoyo Estratégico 05 noviembre 2020 Rutas Nacionales Internacionales Desde el 1 de septiembre El Dorado está operando vuelos domésticos Desde el lunes 21 de septiembre se reactivó la operación de vuelos entre Bogotá y Cartagena, Leticia, San Andrés, Rionegro, Cali, internacionales de pasajeros en El Aeropuerto El Dorado. Los destinos Barranquilla, Pereira, Santa Marta, Bucaramanga, Cúcuta, Montería, autorizados para esta etapa son Estados Unidos, México, República Medellín, Villavicencio, y Pasto principalmente. Dominicana, Brasil, Ecuador, Bolivia y Guatemala principalmente. 1. Bogotá – Santiago de Chile – Bogotá. 1. Bogotá – Rionegro – Bogotá 2. Bogotá – Fort Lauderdale – Bogotá. 2. Bogotá – Cali – Bogotá 3. Bogotá – Miami – Bogotá. 3. Bogotá – Cartagena – Bogotá 4. Bogotá – Madrid – Bogotá. 4. Bogotá – Barranquilla – Bogotá 5. Bogotá – Pereira – Bogotá 5. Bogotá – San Salvador – Bogotá. 6. Bogotá – Santa Marta – Bogotá 6. Bogotá – Punta Cana– Bogotá. 7. Bogotá – Bucaramanga – Bogotá 7. Bogotá – Cancún– Bogotá. 8. Bogotá – Cúcuta – Bogotá 8. Bogotá – Santo Domingo– Bogotá. 9. Bogotá – Montería – Bogotá 9. Bogotá – Ciudad de México– Bogotá. 10. Bogotá – San Andrés – Bogotá 10. Bogotá – Ciudad de Panamá– Bogotá. 11. Bogotá – Medellín – Bogotá 11. Bogotá – Guayaquil– Bogotá. 12. Bogotá – Villavicencio – Bogotá 12. Bogotá – Quito– Bogotá. 13. Bogotá – Pasto – Bogotá. 13. Bogotá – Caracas– Bogotá. 14. Bogotá – Manizales – Bogotá. 14. Bogotá – New York– Bogotá. 15. Bogotá – Armenia – Bogotá. 15. Bogotá – São Paulo– Bogotá. 16. Bogotá – Neiva – Bogotá. 16. Bogotá – Ciudad de Guatemala – Bogotá. 17. Bogotá – Mitú – Bogotá. 17. Bogotá – La Paz – Bogotá. 18. Bogotá – Florencia – Bogotá. 18. Bogotá – Río de Janeiro – Bogotá. 19. Bogotá – Leticia – Bogotá. 19. Bogotá – Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Bogotá.
    [Show full text]
  • Endemic Wild Potato (Solanum Spp.) Biodiversity Status in Bolivia: Reasons for Conservation Concerns
    Accepted Manuscript Title: Endemic wild potato (Solanum spp.) biodiversity status in Bolivia: reasons for conservation concerns Author: Ximena Cadima Maarten van Zonneveld Xavier Scheldeman Nora Castaneda˜ Fernando Patino˜ Marcela Beltran Patrick Van Damme PII: S1617-1381(13)00100-3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2013.09.007 Reference: JNC 25319 To appear in: Received date: 26-8-2012 Revised date: 24-9-2013 Accepted date: 26-9-2013 Please cite this article as: Cadima, X., van Zonneveld, M., Scheldeman, X., Castaneda,˜ N., Patino,˜ F., Beltran, M., & Van Damme, P., Endemic wild potato (Solanum spp.) biodiversity status in Bolivia: reasons for conservation concerns, Journal for Nature Conservation (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2013.09.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 Endemic wild potato (Solanum spp.) biodiversity status in Bolivia: reasons for conservation 2 concerns 3 4 Ximena Cadima1,2, Maarten van Zonneveld3,4,*, Xavier Scheldeman5, Nora Castañeda5, Fernando 5 Patiño1, Marcela Beltran5 and Patrick Van Damme4,6,7 6 1 Fundación PROINPA, Casilla Postal 4285, Cochabamba, Bolivia 7 2 Wageningen University, Biosystematics Group, PO Box 647, 6700 AP Wageningen, The 8 Netherlands 9 3 Bioversity International, Costa Rica Office, c/o CATIE 7170, Turrialba 10 4 Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium 11 5 Bioversity International, Regional Office for the Americas, PO Box 6713, Cali, Colombia 12 6 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Global Research Programme 1, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, 13 00100, Kenya 14 7 Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences.
    [Show full text]