DRUGS, CLUBS and YOUNG PEOPLE for Chez, Whom I Met in the Club Drugs, Clubs and Young People Sociological and Public Health Perspectives
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DRUGS, CLUBS AND YOUNG PEOPLE For Chez, whom I met in the club Drugs, Clubs and Young People Sociological and Public Health Perspectives Edited by BILL SANDERS University of Southern California, USA © Bill Sanders 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Bill Sanders has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Gower House Suite 420 Croft Road 101 Cherry Street Aldershot Burlington, VT 05401-4405 Hampshire GU11 3HR USA England Ashgate website: http://www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Drugs, clubs and young people : sociological and public health perspectives 1. Subculture 2. Youth - Drug use 3. Nightclubs 4. Psychotropic drugs 5. Drug traffi c I. Sanders, Bill, 1972- 306.1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drugs, clubs and young people : sociological and public health perspectives / edited by Bill Sanders. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7546-4699-8 1. Youth--Drug use. 2. Young adults--Drug use. 3. Youth--Social life and customs. 4. Young adults--Social life and customs. 5. Nightclubs. 6. Raves (Parties) 7. Drug abuse. I. Sanders, Bill, 1972- HV5824.Y68D773 2006 306'.1--dc22 2006003903 ISBN 0 7546 4699 8 Printed and bound by Athenaeum Press Ltd, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear. Contents List of Figures and Tables vii About the Authors viii Editor’s Foreword xi 1 Young People, Clubs and Drugs Bill Sanders 1 2 Reluctant Refl exivity, Implicit Insider Knowledge and the Development of Club Studies Fiona Measham and Karenza Moore 13 3 New York City Club Kids: A Contextual Understanding of Club Drug Use Dina Perrone 26 4 Conceptions of Risk in the Lives of Ecstasy-Using Youth Brian C. Kelly 50 5 ‘‘Chem Friendly’’: The Institutional Basis of ‘‘Club Drug’’ Use in a Sample of Urban Gay Men Adam Isaiah Green 67 6 On Ketamine: In and Out of the K hole Stephen E. Lankenau 77 7 Ecstasy Use Amongst Young Low-Income Women Zhao Helen Wu 88 8 The Emergence of Clubs and Drugs in Hong Kong Karen Joe Laidler, Geoffrey Hunt, Kathleen MacKenzie and Kristin Evans 107 9 In the Club Redux: Ecstasy Use and Supply in a London Nightclub Bill Sanders 122 10 Pub Space, Rave Space and Urban Space: Three Different Night-Time Economies Daniel Silverstone 141 vi Drugs, Clubs and Young People Bibliography 153 Subject Index 187 Author Index 191 List of Figures and Tables Table 3.1 Club Kids’ Characteristics 32 Table 3.2 Age of Onset 33 Table 7.1 Characteristics of Young Low-Income Women, by Drug-Use Status (N = 696) 95 Figure 7.1 Mean Age at First Use of Substances by Type of Drug Use 96 Table 7.2 Substance Use History in Young Low-Income Women (N = 696) 97 Table 7.3 Percentage of Correct Responses to Knowledge Items About Drug Use Among Young Low-Income Women, by Drug-Use Status (N = 696) 98 Table 7.4 Women’s Perceptions of Drug Use by Others and Their Own Future Use of Drugs Among Young Low-Income Women, by Drug-Use Status (N = 696) 99 Table 7.5 Sexual, Obstetric, and Gynaecologic History of Young, Low-income Women, by Drug Use Status (N=696) 100 Table 8.1 Most Common Drugs Abused in Hong Kong by Age Group 110 Table 8.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics 114 Table 8.3 Drug Use by Gender 115 About the Authors Kristin Evans has a B.A. in sociology from the University of California at Berkeley. Ms. Evans was the project manager on a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded project on club drugs and the dance scene in the San Francisco Bay Area and is currently project manager on the Asian American youth, club drugs and the dance scene project also funded by NIDA. Ms. Evans has published three articles with Dr. Hunt. Adam Isaiah Green, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of sociology at York University, Toronto, Canada. Green’s research is situated at the intersection of the sociology of sexuality and medical sociology, and aims to develop new theory relevant to both areas of study. His primary research draws from the insights of Bourdieu and Goffman to re-conceptualize the relationship of power and social status in modern erotic worlds. Currently, Dr. Green is supported by the Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research (CANFAR) for a study on the relationship of sexual status structures to sexual decision-making processes among Toronto gay and bisexual men. A second project, supported by a Faculty of Arts Research Grant, examines the new phenomenon of Canadian same-sex marriage. Geoffrey Hunt, PhD, is a social anthropologist, who has done extensive ethnographic research in West Africa, England and most recently in the United States. He received his doctorate in Social Anthropology at the University of Kent, England. Currently, Dr. Hunt is the Principal Investigator on a National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) funded research project on Asian American youth, club drugs and the dance scene. Prior to commencing this study, he was the Principal Investigator on three other National Institute on Health projects on gangs, and one project on club drugs and the dance scene in the San Francisco Bay Area. From research data gleaned from these studies and the current work, Dr. Hunt and his research team have published over 30 articles focusing on youth, drugs, and gangs. Karen Joe Laidler, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the department of sociology at the University of Hong Kong. She received her doctorate in sociology at the University of California at Davis. Dr. Joe Laidler has been involved in criminal justice research for the past 20 years. For the past ten years, her research and writing has focused primarily on ethnic youth gangs and violence, and drug use and problems concentrating specifi cally on issues associated with young women. Currently, Dr. Joe Laidler is Principal Investigator of the Hong Kong Drug Market study which is part of the UNDCP’s study on The Global Drug Market and co-investigator with Dr. Hunt on the Asian American youth, club drugs and the dance scene project. Dr. Joe About the Authors ix Laidler has published extensively on drug use in Hong Kong, Asian American issues as well as on youth gangs. Brian C. Kelly, PhD, is a medical anthropologist, educated as an undergraduate at Fordham University and as a graduate at Columbia University’s Department of Sociomedical Sciences. He currently is Assistant Professor at Purdue University in the Department of Sociology & Anthropology. He also collaborates with the Center for HIV Educational Studies & Training (CHEST) at the City University of New York. His topical areas of research interest include drug use, sexual health, and youth cultures. He continues to conduct research in the New York City metropolitan area. The foci of his current projects include club drug use among New York area youth and drug dealing among suburban youth. Stephen E. Lankenau, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Preventative Medicine. Trained as a sociologist, he has studied street-involved and other high- risk populations for the past ten years, including ethnographic projects researching homeless panhandlers, prisoners, sex workers, and injection drug users. Currently, he is Principal Investigator of a four-year NIH study researching ketamine injection practices among young IDUs in New York, New Orleans, and Los Angeles. Kathleen MacKenzie received her MA in anthropology at San Jose State University. Currently, she is project manager on an NIH funded research project on street gangs, motherhood and violence. Ms. MacKenzie has published, with Dr. Geoffrey Hunt, four articles on street gangs. Fiona Measham, PhD, RPHEA, is a Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Director of Studies for the BA honors program in Criminology within the Department of Applied Social Science. Dr. Measham has over 15 years’ experience in the fi eld of drug and alcohol studies, gender, licensed leisure and cultural criminology. She is co-author of Illegal Leisure (1998) and Dancing on Drugs (2001), based on two large scale studies of young people’s drug and alcohol use, for both of which she was lead researcher, and is co-editor of Swimming with Crocodiles (forthcoming). Her theoretical interests span cultural criminology, gender studies and the sociology of intoxication, with a particular interest in the boundaries of transgression, the criminalisation of leisure, and the problematic-recreational interface in leisure time consumption. Her most recent and current research includes a study of ‘binge drinking’, bounded consumption and the new ‘culture of intoxication’; an historical analysis of the attempted criminalisation of English barmaids; the emergence of recreational ketamine use and the role of insider knowledge in the research process; and the changing nature of ‘mature’ British dance drug communities. x Drugs, Clubs and Young People Karenza Moore, PhD, is a Lecturer in Criminology and the University of Lancaster, UK, where she is currently looking at women’s experiences of working in the information technology industry. She has undertaken mainly qualitative research on young people, substance use, and club culture for the past six years, most of which has been conducted in her spare time. Recent research projects include an ongoing study on recreational ketamine use amongst clubbers in the North-West of England with Dr Fiona Measham. She is an avid clubber, club promoter and trance DJ.