The Case for Unencumbering Interest Rate Policy at the Zero Bound
The Case for Unencumbering Interest Rate Policy at the Zero Bound Marvin Goodfriend I. Introduction Much has changed since my exploration of negative nominal inter- est rate policy in a paper for the 1999 Federal Reserve System con- ference “Monetary Policy in a Low Inflation Environment.”1 Since then, negative nominal interest rate policy has gone from a theoreti- cal possibility to practical reality in much of the advanced world. In light of these developments, my current paper makes the case for unencumbering interest rate policy altogether so that negative nomi- nal interest rates can be made freely available and fully effective as a realistic policy option in a future crisis. At this writing, short-term policy rates are -0.4 percent in the euro area, -0.75 percent in Switzerland, -0.5 percent in Sweden and -0.10 percent in Japan, having been introduced in June 2014, December 2014, February 2015 and January 2016, respectively.2 As a conse- quence, negative nominal interest has moved out along the yield curve over time. German 10-year yields fell below zero for the first time in June 2016. Ten-year government bonds are lately offering negative nominal interest in Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The amount of global sovereign debt with negative 127 128 Marvin Goodfriend nominal yields surpassed $10 trillion in May 2016, up 5 percent from April. As for the United States, the yield on the benchmark 10-year Trea- sury closed below 1.4 percent for the first time in July and the 30- year Treasury sold at a record-low yield just below 2.2 percent.
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