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How Linux Containers Have Evolved Daniel Walsh 11 Containers Have Come a Long Way in the Past Few Years

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. ........ .... ... .. .. .. ... .. OPENSOURCE.COM Opensource.com publishes stories about creating, adopting, and sharing open source solutions. Visit Opensource.com to learn more about how the open source way is improving technologies, education, business, government, health, law, entertainment, humanitarian efforts, and more. Submit a story idea: https://opensource.com/story Email us: [email protected] Chat with us in Freenode IRC: #opensource.com . OPEN SOURCE YEARBOOK 2017 . OPENSOURCE.COM 3 ............................. AUTOGRAPHS . .... ... .. .. .. ........ ... .. ............................. AUTOGRAPHS . .... ... .. .. .. ........ ... .. OPENSOURCE.COM............................. ........ WRITE FOR US ................... 7 big reasons to contribute to Opensource.com: Career benefits: “I probably would not have gotten my most recent job if it had not been for my articles on 1 Opensource.com.” Raise awareness: “The platform and publicity that is available through Opensource.com is extremely 2 valuable.” Grow your network: “I met a lot of interesting people after that, boosted my blog stats immediately, and 3 even got some business offers!” Contribute back to open source communities: “Writing for Opensource.com has allowed me to give 4 back to a community of users and developers from whom I have truly benefited for many years.” Receive free, professional editing services: “The team helps me, through feedback, on improving my 5 writing skills.” We’re loveable: “I love the Opensource.com team. I have known some of them for years and they are 6 good people.” 7 Writing for us is easy: “I couldn't have been more pleased with my writing experience.” Email us to learn more or to share your feedback about writing for us: https://opensource.com/story Visit our Participate page to more about joining in the Opensource.com community: https://opensource.com/participate Find our editorial team, moderators, authors, and readers on Freenode IRC at #opensource.com: https://opensource.com/irc . ........ FOLLOW US ................... Twitter @opensourceway: https://twitter.com/opensourceway Google+: https://plus.google.com/+opensourceway Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/opensourceway Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/opensourceway IRC: #opensource.com on Freenode All lead images by Opensource.com or the author under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. 6 OPEN SOURCE YEARBOOK 2017 . OPENSOURCE.COM FROM THE EDITOR ...... ........ .. .. .. ... .... Dear Open Source Yearbook reader, In 2015, Opensource.com published the first Open Source Yearbook[1] , and thanks to contributions from more than 25 writers, the 2016 edition [2] was even bigger and included more than 100 organizations, projects, technologies, and events. In the 2017 edition, we offer a pleasing mix of new tech trends and nostalgia. We celebrate 60 years of Fortran and 30 years of Perl, and we learn how to run old DOS programs under Linux. We also dive into the world of machine learning and AI, the increasingly popular Go programming language and the rapidly growing adoption of Kubernetes, and the ongoing challenge of teaching operations to software developers. Thank you to everyone who contributed to the 2017 Open Source Yearbook [3], and to the communities who helped create, document, evangelize, and share open source open source technologies and methodologies throughout the year. And a special thanks to the following writers for their contributions: • David Both • Mike Bursell • Ben Cotton • Jeremy Garcia • Gordon Haff • Jim Hall • Scott Hirleman • Ruth Holloway • Elizabeth K. Joseph • Jen Kelchner • Seth Kenlon • Charity Majors • Matt Micene • Sreejith Omanakuttan • Jeff Rouse • Don Schenck • Amy Unruh • Dan Walsh Best regards, Rikki Endsley Opensource.com community manager [1] http://opensource.com/yearbook/2015 [2] https://opensource.com/yearbook/2016 [3] https://opensource.com/yearbook/2017 . OPEN SOURCE YEARBOOK 2017 . OPENSOURCE.COM 7 CONTENTS ............................. ........ WORKING................... Top 5 Linux pain points in 2017 Jeremy Garcia Ops: It’s everyone’s job now Charity 1 0 Poor documentation heads the list of Linux user woes to 26 The last decade was all about teaching sysadmins to write date. Here a few other common problem areas. code. The next challenge will be teaching operations to software developers. How Linux containers have evolved Daniel Walsh 11 Containers have come a long way in the past few years. We Why open source should be the first choice for walk through the timeline. 28 cloud-native environments Elizabeth K. Joseph For the same reasons Linux beat out proprietary software, The changing face of the hybrid cloud Gordon Haff open source should be the first choice for cloud-native 18 Terms and concepts around cloud computing are still new, environments. but evolving. What’s the point of DevOps? Matt Micene 11 reasons to use the GNOME 3 desktop 31 True organizational culture change helps you bridge the 20 environment for Linux David Both gaps you thought were uncrossable. The GNOME 3 desktop was designed with the goals of being simple, easy to access, and reliable. GNOME’s The politics of the Linux desktop Mike Bursell popularity attests to the achievement of those goals. 3 4 If you’re working in open source, why would you use anything but Linux as your main desktop? 7 cool KDE tweaks that will change your life 22 Seth Kenlon 10 open source technology trends for 2018 KDE’s Plasma desktop offers a ton of options to customize 36 Sreejith Omanakuttan your environment for the way you work. Here are seven to What do you think will be the next open source tech trends? check out. Here are 10 predictions. Which technologies are poised to take over in Kubernetes, standardization, and security 25 open source? Scott Hirleman 39 dominated 2017 Linux container news Gordon Haff These technologies are quickly gaining ground on open We round up our most popular Linux container reads from source stalwarts, creating opportunities for people who the past year. become proficient in them. ........ COLLABORATING................... Creative Commons: 1.2 billion strong and growing 47 Ben Cotton Creative Commons shares 2016 State of the Commons Best Trio of 2017 report, and here are a few highlights. SpamAssassin, 24 Pull Requests challenge encourages fruitful MIMEDefang, and Procmail 48 contributions Ben Cotton 16,720 pull requests were opened. Of those, 10,327 were DAVID BOTH merged and 1,240 were closed. 42 Our annual “Best Couple” award has Openness is key to working with Gen Z expanded to a trio of applications that 49 Jen Kelchner combine to manage server-side email Members of Generation Z operate openly by default. Are sorting beautifully. you ready to work with them? . 8 OPEN SOURCE YEARBOOK 2017 . OPENSOURCE.COM . ........ LEARNING................... 5 big ways AI is rapidly invading our lives Introduction to the Domain Name System (DNS) 51 Rikki Endsley 60 David Both Let’s look at five real ways we’re already surrounded by Learn how the global DNS system makes it possible for us artificial intelligence. to assign memorable names to the worldwide network of machines we connect to every day. Getting started with .NET for Linux Don Schenck 54 Microsoft’s decision to make .NET Core open source means What is the TensorFlow machine intelligence it’s time for Linux developers to get comfortable and start 65 platform? Amy Unruh experimenting. Learn about the Google-developed open source library for machine learning and deep neural networks research. Why Go is skyrocketing in popularity Jeff Rouse 57 In only two years, Golang leaped from the 65th most Is blockchain a security topic? Mike Bursell popular programming language to #17. Here’s what’s 72 Yet again, we need to understand how systems and the behind its rapid growth. business work together and be honest about the fit. ........ CREATING................... Top open source solutions for designers and How to use Pulse to manage sound on Linux 74 artists from 2017 Alan Smithee 76 Seth Kenlon We collected popular 2017 Opensource.com articles about Learn how audio on Linux works and why you should exciting developments in open source solutions for designers consider Pulse to manage it. and artists. ........ OLD SCHOOL ................... Happy 60th birthday, Fortran Ben Cotton The origin and evolution of FreeDOS Jim Hall 8 0 Fortran may be trending down on Google, but its 86 Or, why a community formed around an open source foundational role in scientific applications ensure that it version of DOS, and how it’s still being used today. won’t be retiring anytime soon. How to run DOS programs in Linux Jim Hall Perl turns 30 and its community continues to 89 QEMU and FreeDOS make it easy to run old DOS 82 thrive Ruth Holloway programs under Linux. Created for utility and known for its dedicated users, Perl has proven staying power. Here’s a brief history of the language and a look at some top user groups. 6 7 Reasons to Write for Us / Follow Us 93 Call for Papers / Editorial Calendar All lead images by Opensource.com or the author under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. OPEN SOURCE YEARBOOK 2017 . OPENSOURCE.COM 9 . ........ WORKING................... Linux pain points in 2017 Top 5 BY JEREMY GARCIA Poor documentation heads the list of Linux user woes to date. Here a few other common problem areas. in my 2016 Open Source 4. Deprecation of 32-bit AS I DISCUSSED Yearbook [1] article on Many users are lamenting the death of 32-bit support in troubleshooting tips for the 5 most common Linux issues [2], their favorite distributions and software projects. Although Linux installs and operates as expected for most users, you still have many options if 32-bit support is a must, but some inevitably run into problems. How have things fewer and fewer projects are likely to continue supporting changed over the past year in this regard? Once again, I a platform with decreasing market share and mind share. posted the question to LinuxQuestions.org and on social Luckily, we’re talking about open source, so you’ll likely media, and analyzed LQ posting patterns.
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