DOCSLIB.ORG

Bronchitis and Pneumonia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bronchitis and Pneumonia Fact Sheets for Families Bronchitis and Pneumonia Children in child care settings are often sick with upper bacteria, in which case antibiotics are the treatment of respiratory infections. The rates of these infections are choice. When pneumonia is caused by bacteria, an in- higher in the winter months, although they can occur fected child usually becomes sick relatively quickly and any time of the year. Some side effects of upper respi- experiences the sudden onset of high fever and rapid ratory infections, such as colds or flu, are bronchitis breathing When these infections are caused by a virus, and pneumonia. such as RSV, adenovirous, or influenza, antibiotics will not help and most often the infection will have to run its What is the difference between course. Bronchitis and pneumonia both require the care bronchitis and pneumonia? and supervision of a health care profes- Bronchitis is most often a bacterial or sional, as children with pneumonia viral infection that causes swelling can become sick enough to require of the tubes (bronchioles) leading hospitalization. to the lungs. Pneumonia is an acute or chronic disease marked When can children by inflammation of the lungs and return to child care? is caused by viruses, bacteria, With treatment, most types of other organisms and sometimes bacterial pneumonia can be by physical or chemical irritants. cured within 1 to 2 weeks. Viral A diagnosis of “double pneumo- pneumonia may last longer. Chil- nia” means both lungs have been dren recovering from bronchitis affected. “Walking pneumonia” or pneumonia can return to the means that the illness is not serious child care program provided enough to require hospitalization they are feeling well enough to of the child or adult; it is generally participate, are free of fever, and caused by a germ called mycoplasma. have been seen by a health care pro- The symptoms of bronchitis and pneu- fessional. Bronchitis and pneumonia are monia are similar and may include fever, not directly contagious, but the germ that headache, cough that brings up thick green or yellow caused the original cold or upper respiratory infection mucus, chills, looking ill and tired, fast, noisy, or diffi- may be. This is why some children (and staff) in a child culty breathing, wheezing, tightness or pain in the chest. care setting may get very sick from the same respiratory Pneumonia that is deep in the lungs may also cause germ, others just get mildly ill and still others don’t get abdominal pain and vomiting. Any child, especially ill at all. young infants, with these symptoms should be seen by a health care provider. Can bronchitis and pneumonia be prevented? How serious are bronchitis Upper respiratory infections that could lead to bronchi- and pneumonia? tis or pneumonia are difficult to totally prevent in child Both conditions are more serious if a child has a chronic care settings. Reducing exposure to colds and flu by health condition or if the condition is caused by a frequent hand washing and environmental cleanliness and sanitation are the first and most important line of Provided by California Childcare Health Program defense. Childhood immunizations such as Hib, acel- For more information, please contact: lular pertussis (the aP in DTaP), Pneumococcal conjugate Healthline 1-800-333-3212 vaccine (PCV), and influenza vaccine (especially for Distributed by: staff) can provide some protection against pneumonia. Getting plenty of rest and fresh air, eating healthy foods, exercising and avoiding secondhand smoke will also keep young bodies strong. Rev. 10/07.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Captive Orcas
    Captive Orcas ‘Dying to Entertain You’ The Full Story A report for Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) Chippenham, UK Produced by Vanessa Williams Contents Introduction Section 1 The showbiz orca Section 2 Life in the wild FINgerprinting techniques. Community living. Social behaviour. Intelligence. Communication. Orca studies in other parts of the world. Fact file. Latest news on northern/southern residents. Section 3 The world orca trade Capture sites and methods. Legislation. Holding areas [USA/Canada /Iceland/Japan]. Effects of capture upon remaining animals. Potential future capture sites. Transport from the wild. Transport from tank to tank. “Orca laundering”. Breeding loan. Special deals. Section 4 Life in the tank Standards and regulations for captive display [USA/Canada/UK/Japan]. Conditions in captivity: Pool size. Pool design and water quality. Feeding. Acoustics and ambient noise. Social composition and companionship. Solitary confinement. Health of captive orcas: Survival rates and longevity. Causes of death. Stress. Aggressive behaviour towards other orcas. Aggression towards trainers. Section 5 Marine park myths Education. Conservation. Captive breeding. Research. Section 6 The display industry makes a killing Marketing the image. Lobbying. Dubious bedfellows. Drive fisheries. Over-capturing. Section 7 The times they are a-changing The future of marine parks. Changing climate of public opinion. Ethics. Alternatives to display. Whale watching. Cetacean-free facilities. Future of current captives. Release programmes. Section 8 Conclusions and recommendations Appendix: Location of current captives, and details of wild-caught orcas References The information contained in this report is believed to be correct at the time of last publication: 30th April 2001. Some information is inevitably date-sensitive: please notify the author with any comments or updated information.
    [Show full text]
  • Legionnaires' Disease
    epi TRENDS A Monthly Bulletin on Epidemiology and Public Health Practice in Washington Legionnaires’ disease Vol. 22 No. 11 Legionellosis is a bacterial respiratory infection which can result in severe pneumonia and death. Most cases are sporadic but legionellosis is an important public health issue because outbreaks can occur in hotels, communities, healthcare facilities, and other settings. Legionellosis Legionellosis was first recognized in 1976 when an outbreak affected 11.17 more than 200 people and caused more than 30 deaths, mainly among attendees of a Legionnaires’ convention being held at a Philadelphia hotel. Legionellosis is caused by numerous different Legionella species and serogroups but most epiTRENDS P.O. Box 47812 recognized infections are due to Olympia, WA 98504-7812 L. pneumophila serogroup 1. The extent to which this is due to John Wiesman, DrPH, MPH testing bias is unclear since only Secretary of Health L. pneumophila serogroup 1 is Kathy Lofy, MD identified via commonly used State Health Officer urine antigen tests; other species Scott Lindquist, MD, MPH Legionella pneumophila multiplying and serogroups must be identified in a human lung cell State Epidemiologist, through PCR or culture, tests Communicable Disease www.cdc.gov which are less commonly ordered. Jerrod Davis, P.E. Assistant Secretary The disease involves two clinically distinct syndromes: Pontiac fever, Disease Control and Health Statistics a self-limited flu-like illness without pneumonia; and Legionnaires’ disease, a potentially fatal pneumonia with initial symptoms of fever, Sherryl Terletter Managing Editor cough, myalgias, malaise, and sometimes diarrhea progressing to symptoms of pneumonia which can be severe. Health conditions that Marcia J.
    [Show full text]
  • Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Masquerading As Recurrent Bacterial Pneumonia
    Medical Mycology Case Reports 12 (2016) 11–13 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Medical Mycology Case Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mmcr Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis masquerading as recurrent bacterial pneumonia Vu Le Thuong, Lam Nguyen Ho n, Ngoc Tran Van University of Medicine and Pharmacy – Ho Chi Minh city, 217 Hong Bang, Ward 11st, Dist 5, Ho Chi Minh city 70000, Vietnam article info abstract Article history: Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) can be diagnosed in an asthmatic with suitable radi- Received 15 May 2016 ologic and immunological features. However ABPA is likely to be misdiagnosed with bacterial pneu- Accepted 26 June 2016 monia. Here we report a case of ABPA masquerading as recurrent bacterial pneumonia. Treatment with Available online 27 June 2016 high-dose inhaled corticosteroids was effective. To our best knowledge, this is the first reported case of Keywords: ABPA in Vietnam. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis & 2016 International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. International Society for Human and Asthma Animal Mycology Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Inhaled corticosteroids Pneumonia Pulmonary tuberculosis 1. Introduction À120), he complained of cough and his chest X ray (CXR) showed right perihilar airspace opacities (Fig. 1A). He was diagnosed and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is the hy- treated as a bacterial pneumonia. His cough improved and his CXR persensitive status of airway to Aspergillus which colonizes the (on day À30) came back almost normal three months later bronchial mucosa, occurring mainly in patients with asthma or (Fig. 1B). cystic fibrosis. The diagnostic criteria for ABPA articulated by Ro- Subsequently, he had a 10- day history of coughing up white- senberg, and later revised by Greenberger, has been widely used cloudy and viscous sputum before admission.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research in Primates Non-Human of Use The
    The use of non-human primates in research The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatherall FRS FMedSci Report sponsored by: Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Research Council The Royal Society Wellcome Trust 10 Carlton House Terrace 20 Park Crescent 6-9 Carlton House Terrace 215 Euston Road London, SW1Y 5AH London, W1B 1AL London, SW1Y 5AG London, NW1 2BE December 2006 December Tel: +44(0)20 7969 5288 Tel: +44(0)20 7636 5422 Tel: +44(0)20 7451 2590 Tel: +44(0)20 7611 8888 Fax: +44(0)20 7969 5298 Fax: +44(0)20 7436 6179 Fax: +44(0)20 7451 2692 Fax: +44(0)20 7611 8545 Email: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Web: www.acmedsci.ac.uk Web: www.mrc.ac.uk Web: www.royalsoc.ac.uk Web: www.wellcome.ac.uk December 2006 The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatheall FRS FMedSci December 2006 Sponsors’ statement The use of non-human primates continues to be one the most contentious areas of biological and medical research. The publication of this independent report into the scientific basis for the past, current and future role of non-human primates in research is both a necessary and timely contribution to the debate. We emphasise that members of the working group have worked independently of the four sponsoring organisations. Our organisations did not provide input into the report’s content, conclusions or recommendations.
    [Show full text]
  • Pneumonia: Prevention and Care at Home
    FACT SHEET FOR PATIENTS AND FAMILIES Pneumonia: Prevention and Care at Home What is it? On an x-ray, pneumonia usually shows up as Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. The infection white areas in the affected part of your lung(s). causes the small air sacs in your lungs (called alveoli) to swell and fill up with fluid or pus. This makes it harder for you to breathe, and usually causes coughing and other symptoms that sap your energy and appetite. How common and serious is it? Pneumonia is fairly common in the United States, affecting about 4 million people a year. Although for many people infection can be mild, about 1 out of every 5 people with pneumonia needs to be in the heart hospital. Pneumonia is most serious in these people: • Young children (ages 2 years and younger) • Older adults (ages 65 and older) • People with chronic illnesses such as diabetes What are the symptoms? and heart disease Pneumonia symptoms range in severity, and often • People with lung diseases such as asthma, mimic the symptoms of a bad cold or the flu: cystic fibrosis, or emphysema • Fatigue (feeling tired and weak) • People with weakened immune systems • Cough, without or without mucus • Smokers and heavy drinkers • Fever over 100ºF or 37.8ºC If you’ve been diagnosed with pneumonia, you should • Chills, sweats, or body aches take it seriously and follow your doctor’s advice. If your • Shortness of breath doctor decides you need to be in the hospital, you will receive more information on what to expect with • Chest pain or pain with breathing hospital care.
    [Show full text]
  • Obliterative Bronchiolitis, Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonitis and Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia: Three Names for Two Different Conditions
    Eur Reaplr J EDITORIAL 1991, 4, 774-775 Obliterative bronchiolitis, cryptogenic organising pneumonitis and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: three names for two different conditions R.M. du Bois, O.M. Geddes Over the last five years, increasing confusion has has been applied to conditions in which airflow obstruc­ developed over the use of the terms "bronchiolitis tion is prominent and in which response to treatment is obliterans" and "bronchiolitis obliterans organizing poor. pneumonia". The confusion stems largely from the common use of the term "bronchiolitis obliterans" or "obliterative bronchiolitis" in the diagnostic labels applied "Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis" or "bronchi· to two entities which are quite distinct clinically but which otitis obliterans organizing pneumonia" (BOOP) bear certain resemblances histologically. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis was first described by DAVISON et al. [7] in 1983. The clinical syndrome ObUterative bronchiolitis consisted of breathlessness, malaise, fever, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), pneumonic In 1977, GEODES et al. [1] reported the case histories shadowing on chest radiograph with a restrictive of six patients whose clinical condition was characterized pulmonary function defect and low gas transfer coeffi­ by airways obliteration in association with rheumatoid cient. On histological examination of lung biopsy mate· arthritis. The striking clinical features were of rapidly rial, the typical and distinguishing feature was the progressive breathlessness and the fmding on examination presence of connective tissue within the alveoli, alveolar of a high-pitched mid-inspiratory squeak heard over the ducts and, occasionally, in respiratory bronchioles. This lung fields. Chest radiographs showed hyperinflated lungs connective tissue consisted of "loosely woven fibres of but were otherwise normal.
    [Show full text]
  • Guinea Pig Care
    Caring for your Guinea Pig Basic HusBandry General Information Vital Statistics Guinea Pig Body Weight: Male 900g–1,2000g; Female 700–900g Life Span: Average 4–5 years; Maximum 8 years Sexual Maturity: Male 3–4 months of age; Female 2–3 months of age Behavior and Handling • Guinea pigs should be held gently with two hands. Their hind end should always be supported. • When handling guinea pigs, try to avoid excessive noise, needless excitement, and over-handling. • Children handling the guinea pig should sit on the floor and hold the guinea pig in their lap. Children should only handle guinea pigs under adult supervision. • Guinea pigs do not adapt well to changes in their food or environment. Hair barbering (chewing of the fur) may occur in situations of stress and overcrowding. If this occurs please contact your veterinarian. Reproductive Information • It is extremely important not to let your female guinea pig breed as she reaches six months of age. At around this age, the bones of the pelvis fuse if the animal has not been bred. If a guinea pig in this condition becomes pregnant, she will most likely require high risk surgery to remove the babies. • Guinea pigs are social animals and will establish a pecking order that is frequently male-dominated. Overcrowding may incite aggression among guinea pigs, and noncastrated males may be aggressive towards other males in the presence of females. • Guinea pigs should be kept as single pets, or should be kept in separate cages. Housing • Guinea pigs should be housed separately in a cage that is a minimum of 2 ft.
    [Show full text]
  • Bovine Respiratory Disease & Diagnostic Veterinary Medicine
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Range Beef Cow Symposium Animal Science Department 2009 Bovine Respiratory Disease & Diagnostic Veterinary Medicine (Managing Respiratory Diseases in the Herd) Donald Montgomery Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/rangebeefcowsymp Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Montgomery, Donald, "Bovine Respiratory Disease & Diagnostic Veterinary Medicine (Managing Respiratory Diseases in the Herd)" (2009). Range Beef Cow Symposium. 280. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/rangebeefcowsymp/280 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Range Beef Cow Symposium by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Proceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XXI December 1, 2 and 3 2009, Casper, WY Bovine Respiratory Disease & Diagnostic Veterinary Medicine (Managing Respiratory Diseases in the Herd) Donald Montgomery, DVM, PhD, Dipl ACVP Pathologist and Director, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory Year in and year out, diseases of the respiratory system are a major cause of illness and death in cattle from 6 weeks to two years of age. Sadly, this is as true today as it was 30 years ago despite development of new and improved vaccines, new broad spectrum antibiotics, and increased fundamental knowledge as to the cause of disease. WHY? I don‟t have the answer and I doubt if anyone does. As a pathologist, I often see firsthand the devastating effects that bacteria can have in the lungs of cattle that die from respiratory disease complex or shipping fever.
    [Show full text]
  • Can Animal Models Really Teach Us Anything About Pneumonia? Pro
    EDITORIAL | PRO/CON DEBATE Can animal models really teach us anything about pneumonia? Pro Carlos J. Orihuela1, Ulrich A. Maus2,3 and Jeremy S. Brown4 Affiliations: 1Dept of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. 2Dept of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover School of Medicine, Hannover, Germany. 3German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany. 4UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK. Correspondence: Jeremy S. Brown, UCL Respiratory, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, UK. E-mail: [email protected] @ERSpublications Animal models can provide incredibly detailed data on pathogenesis and immunology of lung infections, and will be essential for the development of novel therapeutic/preventative strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by pneumonia http://bit.ly/2pdCzcH Cite this article as: Orihuela CJ, Maus UA, Brown JS. Can animal models really teach us anything about pneumonia? Pro. Eur Respir J 2020; 55: 1901539 [https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01539-2019]. Introduction Despite highly effective antibiotics and intensive care support, the mortality associated with pneumonia has not substantially decreased since the 1960s [1]. Hence, there remains a major requirement for improved treatment and preventative strategies, which will need new knowledge on the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Animal models have obvious high value when investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in pneumonia pathogenesis, but they are also directly relevant for clinically orientated research into new therapies and vaccines, complications of pneumonia, and identifying high risk groups. In this article we describe how research using animal models will be essential if we are to reduce the immense morbidity and mortality associated with pneumonia.
    [Show full text]
  • PNEUMONIAS Pneumonia Is Defined As Acute Inflammation of the Lung
    PNEUMONIAS Pneumonia is defined as acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma distal to the terminal bronchioles which consist of the respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli. The terms 'pneumonia' and 'pneumonitis' are often used synonymously for in- flammation of the lungs, while 'consolidation' (meaning solidification) is the term used for macroscopic and radiologic appearance of the lungs in pneumonia. PATHOGENESIS. The microorganisms gain entry into the lungs by one of the following four routes: 1. Inhalation of the microbes. 2. Aspiration of organisms. 3. Haematogenous spread from a distant focus. 4. Direct spread from an adjoining site of infection. Failure of defense me- chanisms and presence of certain predisposing factors result in pneumonias. These condi- tions are as under: 1. Altered consciousness. 2. Depressed cough and glottic reflexes. 3. Impaired mucociliary transport. 4. Impaired alveolar macrophage function. 5. Endo- bronchial obstruction. 6. Leucocyte dysfunctions. CLASSIFICATION. On the basis of the anatomic part of the lung parenchyma involved, pneumonias are traditionally classified into 3 main types: 1. Lobar pneumonia. 2. Bronchopneumonia (or Lobular pneumonia). 3. Interstitial pneumonia. A. BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA Bacterial infection of the lung parenchyma is the most common cause of pneumonia or consolidation of one or both the lungs. Two types of acute bacterial pneumonias are dis- tinguished—lobar pneumonia and broncho-lobular pneumonia, each with distinct etiologic agent and morphologic changes. 1. Lobar Pneumonia Lobar pneumonia is an acute bacterial infection of a part of a lobe, the entire lobe, or even two lobes of one or both the lungs. ETIOLOGY. Following types are described: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Legionellosis: Legionnaires' Disease/ Pontiac Fever
    Legionellosis: Legionnaires’ Disease/ Pontiac Fever What is legionellosis? Legionellosis is an infection caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, which acquired its name in 1976 when an outbreak of pneumonia caused by this newly recognized organism occurred among persons attending a convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia. The disease has two distinct forms: • Legionnaires' disease, the more severe form of infection which includes pneumonia, and • Pontiac fever, a milder illness. How common is legionellosis in the United States? An estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people get Legionnaires' disease in the United States each year. Some people can be infected with the Legionella bacterium and have mild symptoms or no illness at all. Outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease receive significant media attention. However, this disease usually occurs as a single isolated case not associated with any recognized outbreak. When outbreaks do occur, they are usually recognized in the summer and early fall, but cases may occur year-round. About 5% to 30% of people who have Legionnaires' disease die. What are the usual symptoms of legionellosis? Patients with Legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough. Some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. Chest X-rays often show pneumonia. It is difficult to distinguish Legionnaires' disease from other types of pneumonia by symptoms alone; other tests are required for diagnosis. Persons with Pontiac fever experience fever and muscle aches and do not have pneumonia. They generally recover in 2 to 5 days without treatment. The time between the patient's exposure to the bacterium and the onset of illness for Legionnaires' disease is 2 to 10 days; for Pontiac fever, it is shorter, generally a few hours to 2 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Mucosal Immunology of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia
    Mucosal Immunology of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia Alice Prince Editor Mucosal Immunology of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia Editor Alice Prince Columbia University New York , NY, USA ISBN 978-1-4614-5325-3 ISBN 978-1-4614-5326-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-5326-0 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012951432 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]