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ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTALS and KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT This Page Intentionally Left Blank ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTALS and KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTALS AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT This Page Intentionally Left Blank ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTALS AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT JOSEPH M. FIRESTONE, PH.D. An imprint of Elsevier Science Amsterdam • Boston • London • New York • Oxford • Paris • San Diego San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Butterworth–Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Science. Copyright © 2003, Executive Information Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier Science prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 0-7506-7474-1 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Elsevier Science 200 Wheeler Road Burlington, MA 01803 Tel: 781-313-4700 Fax: 781-313-4882 For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.bh.com 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America For Bonnie— Who waited for this This Page Intentionally Left Blank CONTENTS Preface, xv Acknowledgments, xix Introduction, xxiii Part One—Introducing Enterprise Information Portals: Definition and Evolution 1 INTRODUCTION: DEFINING THE ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTAL 3 EIP definition is a political process, 3 EIP definitions, 4 Types of definition and synthesis, 8 EIP technology and e-business, 10 Conclusion, 11 References, 12 2 THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTALS 13 Enterprise information portals (EIPs), 13 Structured data/information/knowledge management, 14 vii viii Contents Content management, 23 EIPs: managing the structured/unstructured content relationship, 27 Integrating EIP-based systems, 28 Further EIP evolution, 30 References, 31 Part Two—Benefits of Enterprise Information Portals and Corporate Goals 3 BENEFITS OF ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTALS 35 Enterprise innovation and justification, 35 EIP benefits, 35 Conclusion, 41 References, 41 4 ESTIMATING BENEFITS OF ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTALS: CONCEPTS, METHODOLOGY, AND TOOLS 43 Enterprise information portal benefits and corporate goals, 43 A framework for EIP benefit estimates, 44 Methodology and tools for estimating the benefits and costs of EIPs, 49 Summary, 58 References, 58 Part Three—Architecture of Enterprise Information Portals and Enterprise Artificial Systems Integration 5 EIP ARCHITECTURAL QUESTIONS AND APPROACHES: EASI AND THE TWO PROBLEMS OF IT 63 Introduction, 63 Definition of enterprise artificial systems integration (EASI), 63 Contents ix Types of EASI, 64 The DIMS solution to the “islands of information” problem, 70 The DIMS, federations, and the enterprise information portal, 80 Solving the “islands of automation” problem, 80 EIP integration and architecture, 82 Summary, 89 References, 90 6 THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN EIPS 93 Introduction, 93 Some definitions, 93 Agents in PAI architecture, 94 Agents as intelligent scaled-down business process engines, 99 Conclusion: agents, EIPs, and the virtual enterprise, 100 References, 101 Part Four—On Knowledge and Knowledge Management 7 ON KNOWLEDGE 105 Introduction, 105 On definition, 105 Definitions of knowledge, 107 World 2 definitions, 108 World 3 definitions, 109 World 2 data, information, and knowledge, 111 Business process hierarchies, decision cycles, and knowledge processing, 112 A knowledge life cycle (KLC) framework, 114 Tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge, 119 Polanyi, implicit knowledge, and Popper, 121 Individual level world 2 knowledge and motivational hierarchies, 123 Knowledge and culture, 124 Modes of conversion and the KLC view, 130 References, 135 xContents 8 KNOWLEDGE LIFE CYCLE SUBPROCESSES 137 Introduction, 137 Information acquisition, 137 Individual and group (I&G) learning, 141 Knowledge claim formulation, 141 Knowledge claim validation or evaluation, 149 Knowledge broadcasting, 153 Knowledge-related searching and retrieving, 156 Teaching, 158 Knowledge sharing, 160 Accelerated innovation, 162 References, 162 9 ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 165 Introduction: Approach to KM, 165 Some definitions of knowledge management, 167 Information management and knowledge management, 171 Definition and specification of knowledge management and information management processes, 172 More on how information management differs from knowledge management, 189 How does culture relate to KM?, 189 KM Impact and innovation, 190 Conclusion, 196 References, 196 Part Five—Artificial Knowledge Management Systems and the Role of XML 10 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND THE AKMS/DKMS 201 Introduction, 201 The NKMS and the AKMS, 201 Contents xi Knowledge and knowledge management processes, use cases, and the AKMS, 202 The AKMS and the distributed knowledge management system (DKMS), 204 Conclusion, 212 References, 213 11 THE ROLE OF XML IN ENTERPRISE INFORMATION PORTALS 215 Introduction, 215 XML in PAI architecture for EIPs, 217 XML for messaging and connectivity in portal systems, 218 XML in clients, 220 XML in databases and content stores, 220 XML and agents, 221 XML resource description framework (RDF), XML topic maps (XTM), and Meaning Definition Language (MDL), 221 Conclusion, 224 References, 225 Part Six—EIP Frameworks, Portal Product Case Studies, and Applications to E-Business 12 A FORWARD LOOKING EIP SEGMENTATION FRAMEWORK 229 Introduction: The first EIP product segmentation, 229 A forward-looking EIP product segmentation framework, 230 The special importance of knowledge-processing and knowledge-management portals, 242 Conclusion: A forward-looking EIP segmentation, 243 References, 249 xii Contents 13 THE ENTERPRISE KNOWLEDGE PORTAL AND ITS ARCHITECTURE 251 Introduction: Enter the enterprise knowledge portal, 251 A story about desktops, EIPs, and EKPs, 252 What is the EKP?, 255 EKP architecture and components, 257 The essence of the EKP, 262 The EKP, the AKMS/DKMS, and EKP functional requirements, 262 EKPs, knowledge sharing, and corporate culture, 263 E-business knowledge portals, 263 Are there any enterprise knowledge portals?, 264 Types of knowledge portals, 266 Conclusion, 266 References, 267 14 DECISION PROCESSING PORTAL PRODUCTS 269 Introduction, 269 Business Objects InfoView, 269 Cognos UpFront, 271 Conclusion, 272 References, 272 15 CONTENT MANAGEMENT PORTAL PRODUCTS 275 Introduction, 275 Plumtree, 275 Autonomy, 279 Oracle9iAS portal, 283 Enfish Enterprise Portal (KnowledgeTrack) product, 287 Netegrity Interaction Server, 290 Citrix (formerly Sequoia) XML Portal Server (XPS), 294 Verity Portal One™, 297 Sun ONE Portal Server, 300 Corechange Coreport portal, 305 Conclusion, 308 References, 309 Contents xiii 16 COLLABORATIVE PORTAL PRODUCTS 313 Introduction, 313 TheBrain enterprise knowledge platform (BrainEKP), 313 Open Text myLivelink, 318 Intraspect, 325 IBM/Lotus, 332 Conclusion, 335 References, 336 17 DECISION PROCESSING/CONTENT MANAGEMENT AND ADVANCED PORTAL PRODUCTS 339 Introduction, 339 Decision processing/content management portal products, 339 Hummingbird EIP, 339 Viador E-Portal 6.4, 346 Computer Associates CleverPath Portal 3.5, 350 Brio.Portal, 355 Sybase Enterprise Portal (EP) 2.5, 359 TIBCO Active Portal™, 363 Hyperwave eKnowledge Infrastructure, 365 Additional considerations, 376 Conclusion, 377 References, 378 18 PORTAL TECHNOLOGY, E-BUSINESS, KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING, AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 381 Introduction: The migration of EIP technology into e-business, 381 Information portals and e-business applications, 382 Knowledge portals and e-business applications, 383 Conclusion: Portal applications and the future of e-business, 387 References, 387 xiv Contents Part Seven—The Future of the EIP 19 EIP DEVELOPMENT: PATHWAYS TO THE FUTURE 391 Introduction: pathways of EIP evolution, 391 Increasing vendor consolidation, 394 Increasing multifunctionality, 394 Verticalization of EIPs/EKPs/eKPs, 395 More comprehensive integration of EIP systems, 395 Collaborative commerce and e-business “workplace” applications, 396 Conclusion: knowledge processing, KM, and the EIP future, 396 References, 398 Appendix: List of Acronyms, 399 Index, 407 About the Author PREFACE My odyssey culminating in this book began in 1991, when, after an 8 year absence from analytical work, I joined a small database marketing firm located in Washington, DC and discovered the world of database marketing which later was one source of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). I was hired as the firm’s Director of Statistical Services, and soon found myself immersed in data mining, fuzzy logic, survival analysis, neural networks, and customer retention and lifetime value models. That work led me to two discoveries that put me on the road to this book. First, I discovered client/server enterprise computing and soon after Object Technology and the work of Ivar Jacobson, James Rumbaugh and his co-authors, Grady Booch, and James Martin and James O’Dell. And sec- ond, I discovered data warehousing a field that coupled with database marketing, and data mining placed me back in touch with my career-long interest in Execu- tive Information and Decision
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