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Unguiculariopsis Godroniicola (Helotiales) Récolté Dans Les Préalpes Grisonnes

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Unguiculariopsis Godroniicola (Helotiales) Récolté Dans Les Préalpes Grisonnes Unguiculariopsis godroniicola (Helotiales) récolté dans les Préalpes grisonnes Elisabeth STÖCKLI Résumé : l’ascomycète peu connu Unguiculariopsis godroniicola W.Y. Zhuang est décrit et illustré à partir de récoltes récentes réalisées dans le Val Müstair en Suisse. Cette espèce remarquable se développe sur des fructifications de Godronia ribis. Mots-clés : Ascomycota, Godronia, Leotiomycetes, Leotiaceae, Ribes. Ascomycete.org, 9 (7) : 255-258. Unguiculariopsis godroniicola (Helotiales) collected in the Prealps of Grisons Décembre 2017 Abstract: The little-known ascomycete Unguiculariopsis godroniicola W.Y. Zhuang is described and illustrated Mise en ligne le 25/12/2017 based on recent collections made in the Val Müstair in Switzerland. This remarkable species is growing on fructifications of Godronia ribis. Keywords: Ascomycota, Godronia, Leotiomycetes, Leotiaceae, Ribes. Introduction et au Lugol. Ascospores de 2,9–3,3 μm de diamètre, sphériques, lisses, hyalines, contenant plusieurs petites gouttelettes. Para- physes de 1,5 –2 μm de diamètre, hyalines, dressées et pluriseptées. À l’occasion de la Journée de la biodiversité 2017 organisée dans Poils nombreux à la marge et sur la moitié supérieure de la face ex- le Val Müstair, situé dans le canton des Grisons (Suisse), nous avons terne, à contenu vacuolaire réfringent, naissant de cellules, longs de prospecté le lit renaturalisé de la rivière Il Rom, près de Tschierv, qui 17–35 μm, dont la base est épaissie et bombée, dont le sommet, serpente au milieu de pelouses et d’arbustes ainsi qu’à l’orée d’une mince, est courbé en crochet, non sensibles au KOH. Excipulum mé- forêt d’épicéas (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) et de mélèzes (Larix decidua dullaire de textura intricata. Excipulum ectal de textura globulosa- Mill.). Étant donné la sécheresse persistante, la croissance des cham- angularis, à cellules rouge-brun. pignons était limitée aux zones humides proches de l’eau. Sur la berge, en aval d‘un ruisseau débouchant dans l’Il Rom, pousse une Récoltes examinées : SUISSE, canton des Grisons, commune de population dense de Sorbus aucupariae L., Alnus alnobetula Hartig Val Müstair, lieu-dit « God Palü Muglins », alt. 1650, leg. et det. et Ribes rubrum L. Sur les branches dressées et mortes de Ribes, juste E. Stöckli, le 24 juin, 22 juillet et 15 août 2017, herbier personnel au-dessus du courant, nous avons trouvé en masse des fructifica- E. Stöckli, ES-1712/1713/1714. tions de Godronia ribes (Fr.) Seaver, elles-mêmes colonisées par une autre espèce. L’analyse microscopique a montré qu’il s’agissait d’un représentant du genre Unguiculariopsis Rehm. Répartition connue Matériel et méthodes L’espèce est signalée en France (ZHUANG, 1988), en Autriche (source : Datenbank der Pilze Österreichs) et désormais en Suisse. Toutes les mesures et observations microscopiques ont été réali- sées sur du matériel vivant monté dans l’eau. La réaction à l’iode a Discussion été testée avec le liquide de Melzer et le Lugol (IKI), l’examen d’une éventuelle ornementation des spores à l’aide d’une solution de bleu Le genre Unguiculariopsis est cosmopolite et a été publié par REHM coton et les poils avec de la potasse (KOH 5%). en 1909 pour Unguiculariopsis ilicincola (Berk. & Broome) Rehm. ZHUANG (1988) a publié une monographie du genre où sont réunies dans une « famille » des espèces qui appartenaient à différents Taxinomie genres en utilisant des critères tels que le mode de vie et les carac- tères macro- et microscopiques. Les espèces d’Unguiculariopsis sont Unguiculariopsis godroniicola W.Y. Zhuang, Mycotaxon, 32 (1): donc caractérisées par leur mode de vie soit directement attachées 32 (1988). ou au moins en lien avec leur hôte. Le genre peut être divisé en deux groupes, le premier constitué d’espèces liées à des ascomycètes non Macroscopie (pl. 1) lichénisés et le second d’espèces liées à des lichens. Les récents tra- Les fructifications ont un diamètre de 0,3–1,2 mm, excentriques, vaux de PÄRTEL et al. (2017) situeraient le genre Unguiculariopsis dans d’abord sphériques, prenant ensuite une forme cupulée à discoïde, la famille des Cordieritidaceae Sacc. largement stipitées, avec une marge longtemps enroulée, un hymé- Les Unguiculariopsis supportent la sécheresse et croissent isolé- nium rose brun à lie-de-vin, gris, lie-de-vin à brun sombre à l‘état ment ou en groupe, sur ou à proximité de leur hôte. Les fructifica- sec, la marge ainsi que la moitié supérieure de la face externe sont tions sont sessiles ou stipitées, leur surface externe ainsi que la couvertes de poils blancs, qui sont moins nombreux dans la partie marge sont densément poilues et la forme des ascospores est sphé- inférieure qui apparaît brun rouge. Les fructifications croissent iso- rique à elliptique. Les poils sont réfringents, leur base est renflée et lément ou en troupe jusqu’à 42 individus aussi bien sur la forme leur extrémité est courbée en crochet. Plusieurs espèces présentent asexuée que sur la fructification de Godronia ribis ; celles-ci coloni- des ascospores subsphériques à sphériques, cependant on les dis- sent à leur tour des branches dressées d’un diamètre de 3 à 12 mm tingue les unes des autres par la nature de leur hôte, la dimension de Ribes rubrum. des spores ainsi que la forme des fructifications. Unguiculariopsis go- droniicola a été décrite par ZHUANG (1988) sur la base d’une récolte Microscopie (pl. 2) faite en France, dans les Pyrénées, en 1973, sur Godronia confertus Asques 30 – 63 x 5 – 7 μm, inoperculés à crochets, contenant huit (D.S. Hone) J.W. Groves, croissant sur des brindilles de Prunus cera- spores la plupart du temps unisériées ; réaction négative au Melzer sus L. à une altitude de 1100 m. 255 Pl. 1 – a, b : lieu de récolte. c, d, g : Godronia ribis habité par les ascomes de Unguiculariopsis godroniicola. e, f : coupe de la forme asexuée de G. ribis et d’apothécies avec fructifications de U. godroniicola. Photos E. Stöckli. 256 Ascomycete.org Pl. 2 – a, g : apothécies en coupe. b : poils marginaux. c, f : asques avec ascospores. d : ascospores. e : coupe de la marge. Toutes les pho- tos prises dans l’eau. Valeurs d’échelle exprimées en μm. Photos E. Stöckli. Ascomycete.org 257 Le petit nombre de récoltes signalées d‘Unguiculariopsis godro- a fait naître notre intérêt pour ces discrets petits champignons, et niicola indique sa grande rareté, mais il est possible aussi qu’en rai- pour son engagement depuis de très nombreuses années dans la son de la petitesse des fructifications ainsi que son mode de vie formation continue des mycologues suisses intéressés par ce discret, celle-ci ait été ignorée. Selon notre expérience, Godronia groupe de champignons, par exemple à travers l’organisation de ribis apparaît dans des stations d’altitude et dans certaines régions. Elle préfère les plaines inondables toujours exposées aux variations journées d’étude et la publication de nombreux articles. climatiques ou au bord des ruisseaux, notamment sur les buissons présentent un grand nombre de branches mortes encore attachées Bibliographie au support. Le fait qu’Unguiculariopsis godroniicola n’ait été que ra- rement signalée laisse à penser que des conditions environnemen- tales particulières sont nécessaires à la formation de ses PÄRTEL K., BARAL H.-O., TAMM H. & PÕLDMAA K. 2017. — Evidence for the fructifications. polyphyly of Encoelia and Encoelioideae with reconsideration of respective families in Leotiomycetes. Fungal Diversity, 82:183-219. Remerciements REHM H. 1909. — Ascomycetes exs. Fasc. 44. Annales Mycologici, 7 (5) : 399-405. Nous tenons à exprimer des remerciements particuliers à René ZHUANG W.-Y. 1988. — A monograph of the Genus Unguiculariopsis Dougoud qui par sa passion et ses connaissances des ascomycètes (Leotiaceae, Encoelioideae). Mycotaxon, 32 : 1-83. ef Elisabeth Stöckli Haut du Village 4 2345 La Chaux-des-Breuleux Suisse [email protected] 258 Ascomycete.org.
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