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^ SE9707238 Environmental Impact Assessment: Uri Hydroelectric Power Project on River Jhelum in Kashmir, India Annex
MASTER
A report prepared for the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida September 1995
SWEDMAR The international consultancy group of the National Board of Fisheries ISSN 1400-7495
2 8 111 3 SWEDMAR
The international consultancy group of the National Board of Fisheries, provides consultancy services and project management in coastal area development, fisheries, aquaculture, and environmental protection on a worldwide basis. Our customers are donor agencies, governments and the private sector. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. BACKGROUND
The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) assists the government of India through the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Limited (NHPC) since 1990. NHPC is responsible for the construction and management of the Uri Hydropower Project in Kashmir.
The National Board of Fisheries has an assignment to prepare and conduct a programme for aquatic Environmental Impact Assessment (ElA) of the Uri Hydropower Project in Kashmir, India. The overall objective is to make a final analysis of the impact on the aquatic fauna and to evaluate the impacts of the Uri Project on the aquatic ecosystem, with particular reference to fish and bottom fauna. The immediate objectives are to implement fish and bottom fauna surveys and fish collection and classification investigations, before and after the construction of the Uri hydropower plant.
The studies started in 1990 and are expected to be concluded in 1998. Within the Board, the Institute of Freshwater Research (IFR) and SWEDMAR, the Board's international consultancy group, are responsible for the coordination, planning, implementation and administration of the programme.
In the mid term, SWEDMAR has been assigned to prepare an Initial Aquatic Environmental Assessment Report, within the framework of the programme. Dr. Lennart Nyman was appointed to carry out the task which resulted in the SWEDMAR Working Paper 4/95: Environmental Impact Assessment: Uri Hydroelectric Power Project on River Jhelum in Kashmir, India. The Working Paper can be requested from SWEDMAR's library.
This ANNEX was compiled by SWEDMAR and contains raw data and background working documents and papers. The data has been collected in the period 1990-1994 by staff of the Institute of Freshwater Research (Swedish National Board of Fisheries), the Swedish Museum of Natural History, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Limnodata HB Consultants, the P.G. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir and the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Limited, India (NHPC).
Laura Piriz (MSc) Senior Programme Officer CONTENTS
SECTION 1
Report from the first fisheries survey, November 1990
Report from the first fisheries survey, May 1993
Report from the first fisheries survey, June - July 1994
SECTION 2
Report on fishes collected in Kashmir, November 1990
Report on fishes collected in Kashmir, May 1993
Report on fishes collected in Kashmir, June - July 1994
SECTION 3
Report on genetic study of fish-species of the genus Schizothorax
Report on the age and gut contents of three Schizothoracine fish collected by Swedish team in Kashmir
SECTION 4
Informal report from the first bottom fauna survey, November 1990
Informal report from the second bottom fauna survey, May 1993
SECTION 5
Preliminary List of Mayflies found in Kashmir and nearby areas - A literature study
Report on water vegetation in the bottom fauna sampling sites
SECTION 6
Report on an interview survey among fishermen of the Jhelum River system, Kashmir, India AQUATIC STUDY, URI PROJECT (JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA) REPORT FROM THE FIRST FISHERIES SURVEY, NOVEMBER 1990
The construction and running of the Uri hydropower station will inevitabely affect the aquatic life in the River Jehlum where it is located. To evaluate these effects four data collection surveys (three before and one after the finalizing of the construction work) have been planned. These surveys include fish- and bottom-fauna sampling and should focus on, not only the effects due to the construction in water, but also on the increased waist load from the necessary new camps. The result from these surveys will, besides describing the effects, also increase the knowledge of aquatic species through identification lists. Such knowledge is today limited and one on the main time consuming parts of this study.
This report contains only the results from the first survey conducted in November 1990 regarding the fish. The team participating in this survey consisted of Olof Enderlein (teamleader) and HSkan Wickstrom (Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Sweden) Anders Silfvergrip (Swedish Museum of National History, Stockholm, Sweden), Per- Erik Lingdell and Eva Engblom (Limnodata, Tyreso, Sweden), A.R. Yousuf (University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India), S.S. Bist and Shahid Ali Khan (National Hydroelectric Power Corporation, India).
Material and methods
Sampling of both fish- and bottomfauna took place at 13 sites (Fig. 1). According to the original plan only one site, located in the deepest part of Lake Wular, was excluded. Fig i. SAMPLING SITES Lake Wular The river Jehlum water system River Pahru \ 10 • > V 8B • I / Lake /8^=^—^ / Manasbnl ^^SOPOR C> 11
V River 12 BARAMULA \ Sinclli )
A JA |
URI .,. „ . SRINACAR River IJumvar The fish was sampled by 1.5 m deep multimesh gillnets at site 6, 7, 10 and 11. Gillnets were also set at site 8 but there the nets were lost. Each one of these multimesh gillnets consisted of 14 three m long pannels of different mesh-sizes ranging from 6.25 mm to 75 mm (from knot to knot). The nets were set in the afternoon and lifted in the morning as late and early as the curfew permitted. Site 1, 2, 3a and b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8a and b and 12 were fished by means of an electrofishing unit (Safari Research 330 C). The area fished was calculated from measurements made after each terminated fishing. Only one site (7) was fished three consecutive times and the constants from this fishing were used to calculate the mean abundance per 100 m2 for the other sites. Site 11 was also fished by long-line baited by fish. No catch was recorded from that gear. Conductivity, air- and water-temperature, pH and Oxygen were measured at each site. All fish caught were classified to species or as close as could be done in the field and measured in length (total length) to the nearest mm. This was true for all fish exept Puntius sp and Lubco sp in Lake Wular and Puntius sp in Lake Manasbal, that were subsampled. The mean weight of the fish from each species or group of species were also recorded. The main bulk of fish was after that the field measurements were taken preserved in formalin (4%) and taken to Sweden to verify the classification to species. The survey was spared from heavy rain that could have omitted electrofishing and the waterflow was low with a mean of 180 m3/sec (NHPC, Baranmla).
Results
The catch as total and average per net in the multimesh gillnets is listed in Table 1. Site 6 was fished two times, the first with 2 and the second with 4 nets, just below the barrage. The standard procedure in inventories with this type of gear is to stratify the depth in strata, normally 0-6 m and 6-12 m. The only waterbody in the survey-area with a waterdepth exeeding 6 m was Lake Manasbal. Two nets were here set at 0-6 m and the other two at 6-12 m. Due to lack of oxygen in the deeper strata no fish were caught there. Considering only the fish- carrying waterdepth, were two nets fished, the actual average per net should then be twice the value in Table 1 and resemble the relative densities found in Lake Wular.
The most commonly caught fish in both Lake Wular and Lake Manasbal was Puntius sp. That was also the smallest sized fish caught (Fig 2). Another small sized fish, Labro sp (Fig 2) was common in Lake Wular but not in Lake Manasbal.
The two introduced species Carassius carassius and Cyprinus carpio were only caught in the two lakes and where Carassius carassius dominated in the catch of bigger sized fishies (Fig 2). The Schizothorax group of species, of which 10 species have been identified, dominated the catch in both the gillnets and by electrofishing in the Jehlum river (Table !, 2) except in the slow- flowing outlet from Lake Wular (site 8). Of the tributaries Buniyar nalla (3a and b) and River Sindh (12) were fastflowing and with clear water. In both of these waterbodies few Schizothorax species compared to the main river were caught (Table 1, 2, 3). The River Jehlum could only be electro-fished to a maximum depth of 1.6 m and that meant only 6-15% of the total width of the river.
The tributaries could in all cases be fished across. The densities of fish at the eletrofished sites have been calculated in numbers per 100 nv (Zippin) (Table 3) but the data are only valid for (he shallower river-side along River Jehlum contrary to the full width in the tributaries. A substantial part of the fishies stunned with the electro-fishing unit were tossed. In the tributaries with clear-water these lossies were between (>% (site 8b) and 50% (site 12). In the River Jehknn these lossics were impossible to estimate i\\.\c to the turbidity of the water. Table 1. Total catch in the gillnets and the average per net in November 1990.
Station 6 6 7 10 11 Wular lake Manasbal lake Tot. Av./net Tot. Av./net Tot. Av./net Tot. Av./n Tot. Av./n Schizothorax esocius 6 3 5 1..25 3 1.5 1 *25 S. curvifrons 1 .25 12 3 S. plagiostomus 5 2..5
S. progastus 10 5 1 •,25 1 .5 S. huegelii 1 •,25 S. longipinnis 1 <,5 4 1 1 .5 S. nasus 4 2 3 •,75 5 1.25 5 1.25 S. micropogon 6 1.5 S. Niger 6 1.5 S. planifrons 5 1.25 S. sp 2 1 Crossocheilus diplochilus 1 .25 7 1.75 8 2 Carassius carassius 70 17. 5 65 16.25 Cyprinus carpio 4 1 5 1.25 Puntius sp 2589 714.75 1219 304.75 Labeo sp 6 3 4 1 582 145.5 9 2.25 Triplophysa sp 1 .5 21 5.25 1 .25 Schistura sp Glyptothorax sp 1 .5 Exostoma sp Botia birdii Gambusia holbrooki TOTAL 3 3 16..5 20 5 8 4 3572 893 1318 329.5 Table 2. Total catch electrofishing November 1990.
Station 3A 3B 7 8A 8B 12 Total
Schizothorax esocius 3 1 1 4 4 13 S. curvifrons 23 20 7 6 4 41 1 102 S. plagiostomus 7 13 21 17 31 97 S. progastus 4 2 1 3 7 2 19 38 S. huegelii 0 S. longipinnis 0 S. nasus 0 S. micropogon 6 S. niger 0 S. planifrons 0 S. sp 1 1 Crossocheilus diplochilus 2 16 Carassius carassius 0 Cyprinus carpio 0 Puntius conchonius 4 Labeo diplostomus 1 1
Triplophysa sp 2 49 57 Schistura sp 2 2
Glyptothorax sp 4 Exostoma sp 1 Botia birdii 0 Gambusia holbrooki 25 25 TOTAL 33 25 27 34 28 92 31 39 51 367 Table 3. Estimated densities per 100 m2 (Zippin) and physical and chemical data.
Station Date Schizo- Other Con- pH Temperature Oxygen Transp. Jehlum thorax sp duct. m sp air water mg/1 % 1 20 Nov 30.3 3.1 276 8.4 15.9 11.1 11.2 117 2 21 Nov 14.8 .6 270 8.4 12.1 10.3 9.4 98 4 19 Nov 27 .9 2.2 270 11.4 10.4 5 19 Nov 19.8 2.6 269 10.1 6 18 Nov 29 11.3 267 14.1 10.6 8.8 95 .4 7 18 Nov 39.3 3.5 268 12.6 10.4 . 4 8 23 Nov 2.9 27 .9 285 7.9 12.4 9.9 7.6 81 .4 Tributa- ries 3a 16 Nov 0 0 148 7.8 17.1 8.9 9.4 98 3b 22 Nov 4.8 .8 161 8.1 14.7 9.1 9.9 100 8b 24 Nov 2.8 5.6 184 8.2 10.7 9.1 10.7 112 12 29 Nov 1.7 41.1 300 8.2 3.5 2.3 11.2 100 Lakes 10 26 Nov 298 7.9 14.8 9.7 8 82 .45 11 27 Nov 288 7.6 14.3 11.7 2.4 26 2.7-5.0 11 outlet 28 Nov 290 7.9 8.6 9.3 9.8 102 Size —distribution in gill net catch Nav I99O fV I'.f.Xt /• {.Ctfi'G
Sfze
Size —distribution in gillnet catch Nov 1990 Manas bit.1 Lccfcc c-.-.n -r- sp
("'until !'•> ";(••
i "r "r r.-T r-jr i AQUATIC STUDY, URI PROJECT (JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA) REPORT FROM THE SECOND FISHERIES SURVEY, MAY 1993
The construction and running of the Uri hydropower station will inevitably affect the aquatic life in the River Jehlum where it is located. To evaluate these effects four data collection surveys (three before and one after the finalizing of the construction work) have been planned. These surveys include fish- and bottomfauna sampling and should focus on, not only the effects due to the construction in water, but also on the increased waist load from the necessary new camps. The result from these surveys will, besides describing the effects, also increase the knowledge of aquatic species through identification lists. Such knowledge is today limited and one on the main time consuming parts of this study.
This report contains only the results from the second survey conducted in May 1993 regarding the fish. The team participating in this survey consisted of Olof Enderlein (teamleader, Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Sweden), Erik Ahlander (Swedish Museum of National History, Stockholm, Sweden), Per Erik Lingdell (Limnodata, Gunnilbo, Sweden), Paul Andersson (ITM, University of Stockholm), A.R. Yousuf (University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India), S.S. Bist and Shahid Ali Khan (National Hydroelectric Power Corporation, India).
Material and methods
Sampling of both fish- and bottomfauna took place at site 1-7 (Fig. 1), where site 1 was located just downstreams the future tail-race. Site 2A just downstreams the Gingal townsite and 2B a
Fig. I. SAMPLING SITES The river jeliliini Lake Wulnr walcr system
IIAKAMUI.A
,. . SHINA<;AK Htimyur small tributary at the same place. Site 3A and 3F3 were up- and downstreams the labour camp at the Buniyar nallah, number 4 and 5 on each side of the future dam while 6 and 7A on each side of the present dam, Jehlum lower barrier. The 7B was a small tributary falling out in the dam created by the Jehlum lower barrier.
The fish was sampled by 1.5 m deep multimesh gillnels at site 6 and 7. Each one of these multimesh gillnets consisted of 14 three m long pannels of different mesh-sizes ranging from 6.25 mm to 75 mm (from knot to knot). The nets were set in the morning and retrieved a few hours later. Site 1, 2, 3A and B, 4, 5, (i and 7 were fished by means of an electrofishing unit (Safari Research 330 C). The area fished was calculated from measurements made after each terminated fishing. Conductivity, water-temperature, pH, turbidity and oxygen were measured at each site. Ail fish caught were classified to species or as close as could be done in the field and measured in length (total length) to the nearest mm and by weight (g). The main bulk of fish was after that the field measurements were taken preserved in formalin (4%) and taken to Sweden to verify the classification to species. The survey was spared from heavy rain that could have omitted electrofishing.
Results
The Jehlum river from site 1 to 5 is a fast flowing very turbid water (Table 1). Gillnets can not be used in this part and electrofishing only along the shores. The turbidity of the water made the electrofishing difficult as it was difficult to se and catch the stunned fish before they were swept away by the current. It was also not possible to count the number of losses (stunned but not caught fishes) which is done in less turbid waters.
Even the tributary Buniyar nallah contained a very turbid water counlrary to the last visit (November 1990). In spite of these difficulties the result was surprisingly good (Table 2).
The mukimesh gillnets were used at station 6 and 7, upstreams and downstrems of the lower Jehlum barrier. The difficulties encounted here was sudden changes in the flow-regime when the gates were opened and shut.
The nets could because of that not be left without constant supervision and had to be lifted as soon as they started to drift. Even though that one net was lost. The catch in the multimesh gillnets was low except for Glyptothorax sp. (Table 2) which indicated that the electrofishing might underestimate the abundance of Glyptothorax sp.
Besides the turbidity even pi I, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and water-temperature were measured at each station (Table I).
The length frequencies of the Schizothorax sp., Oossochcilus diplochihis, Triplophvsa sp. and Glyptothorax sp. caught in the Jehlum river and in the tributaries are shown in Figs 2 and 3.
Acknowledgments
The team-members are most grcalful to Dr. B.S.K. Naiclu of the National Ilydroelcctrical Power Corporation Ltd (NHI'C), New Delhi. Stig Holniqvist and his staff at the Uri-Civil Camp in Gingal, Jan [issner from the Swedish International Development Authority (S1DA), New Delhi, and everyone else that have made (his second field survey successful. Table 1. Physical and chemical data 1993.
Date Stn pH Kond. 02 mg/1 % Satura- Temp. Turbidity JLl S/-H3- Co** tion FTU
930512 1 7.97 140.0 9.5 112 15.8 97-102 930508 2A 8.22 124.2 8.9 109 18.2 84 930508 2B 7.35 437 8.5 110? 21.1 2.9 930506 3A 7.90 123.4 11.0 115 9.6 45-59 930510 3A 8.03 82.6 10.7 105 6.2 >200 ? 930506 3B 7.88 202.8 - - 9.6 150 930510 3B 7.96 93.2 10.8 108 6.4 >200 ? 930510 4 - 930511 4 8.02 115.4 145-150 930507 8.01 111.1 8.2 105 17.9 50-65 930511 6 7.88 105.1 - - 185 930511 6 7.83 108.7 8.3 98 14.5 - 930513 7 8.04 126.3 7.6 93 15.9 56-62 930513 7B 8.34 84.3 9.0 105 13.7 140 2B Small spnng 7B Small tributarv at stn 7. (Left bank.) Table 2. The catch by electrofishing (E) and multimesh gillnets (N) 1993. The species classification is according to the preliminary one done in the field.
Date 12/5 12/5 8/5 8/5 6/5 6/5 11/5 7/5 11/5 13/5 13/5 13/5 13/5 Type of gear E E E E E E E E E E E N N Site 1L 1R 2A 2B 3A 3B 4 5 6 7 7B 6 7 Species Schizothorax esocius - - 3 2 - - - 1 - 5 - 1 1- S. curvifrons - 1 - - - - 2 - - 13 - - -• S. plagiostomus 9 5 28 3 6 - 4 17 8 26 - 2 - S. plagiostomus0 - - 8 5 1 - - 1 - - - - - S. progasrus - - - 2 ------S. longispinnis ------S. nasus ------7 - - - 5. sp. - - 20 5 - - 2 2 - 5 - - - Crossocheilus diplochilus - 5 28 2 - - - 1 - 41 - - - Cypnnus carpio ------3 - - - Triplophysa spp. - 1 7 11 - - - 1 - - 4 - - Schistura sp. 1 1 - 16 ------1 - - Glyptothorax sp. 1 - 1 2 - - 2 1 - - - 19 - Exostoma sp. - - - 2 5 ------Neomacheilus sp. - - - 2 ------TOTAL CATCH (numbers) 11 13 95 52 12 0 10 26 8 100 5 22 1 Fished area (nv) 160 140 1500 21 404 300 62 650 160 480x2 20 - - Time in water (hours) 2 1
Site 1 was surveyed on both banks (L = left, R= right) Site 2B and 7B are small tributaries to the Jehlum river. Data: L2KASH93.STA 25v * 50c Length-frequencies Jehlum river
— Schizothorax sp Jehlum river IH Schizothorax sp 0 100 200 300 400 Jehlum tributaries Length
Data: L2KASH93.STA 25v * 50c Length-frequencies Jehlum river 40
35
30
25
20
15
10 -°- Crossocheilus dip. 5 Jehlum river !i Crossocheilus dip. 0 0 160 200 240 Tributaries Data: L2KASH93.STA 25v * 50c Length-frequencies Jehlum river
-°~ Triplophysa sp Jehlum river li Triplophysa sp 240 Tributaries
Data: L2KASH93.STA 25v * 50c Length-frequencies Jehlum river
Glyptothorax sp Jehlum river Glyptothorax sp 240 Tributaries Aquatic Study, Uri Project (Jammu and Kashmir, India). Report from the third fishery's survey, June-July 1994.
This report contains the results from the third survey conducted in June-July 1994 with respect to fish. Th. survey-team consisted of Olof Knderlein (teamleader. Institute of freshwater Research, Drotlningliolm Sweden), Erik Ahlander (Swedish Museum of National History, Stockholm, Sweden). Paul Andersson (I in. University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden), A.R. Yousuf (University of Kashmir. Srinagar, India) and S.S. Bist and Vineet Didi (National Hydroelectric Power Corporation, Gantamulla. India).
Introduction The purpose of these surveys has been to clarify the environmental impac'. on the aquatic system due to th construction of the Uri Hydroelectric Power Station and to make suggestions to reduce these impacts. The first step in this work was to make an inventory of the aquatic life to see what organisms inhabited the system. The second step, to predict which organism or organisms that might be in hazard due to this intervention in the nature that this construction represents, will commence. This survey was the last one of the three in the first step. They have given a good general view of both (he numbers and type of organisms in this aquatic system. A problem has been that the previous taxonomy (the names of the organisms) might not have been correct concerning the fish and been lacking for some bottom-organisms. Much effort has been devoted in attempts to straighten out these question-marks.
Materials and methods The sampling of fishfauna took place at site 1-7 (Fig. 1) by means of electricity and at site 6 and 7 by multimesh gillnets. The bottomfauna was collected at site 1-7. Site 1 was located at both banks of the rivei
Lake Wiilnr
Af "SOPOK
HARAIYUJLA
... „ . SKINA<;AK
Figure 1. Map of sampling sites along the river Jchluiii, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Jehlum just downstreams the future tailrace. Site 2 were just downstreams the Gingal camp on the right river bank and 2A a small well at the same riverbank slightly downstreams from site 2. The Buniyar nalla was sampled upstream the labour camp 3A (right river bank) and downstreams the camp 3B (left bank). Site 4 and 5 were on each side of the future dam in the Jehlum river both on the left bank. Site 5 was moved upstream above the bridge (about 300 m) in comparison to May 1993. This was done because of the release of heavily silted water from cleaning of construction material downstreams the bridge. The 1.5 m deep multimesh gillnels used at site 6 and 7 are described by Filipsson (1972), Degerman et al (1988) and Nyberg and Degerman (1988). The nets were set in the morning and retrieved a few hours latei The electrofishing unit used at all sites was a Safari Research 330 C- unit. The area fished was calculated from measurements taken after each ended fishing. The sizes of the fished areas differ from on visit to another due to the different water-flow. Measurements of conductivity, temperature, oxygen and turbidity were collected at each site. The fish caught were classified to species, measured (total length) in mm and by weight in gram in the field. The main bulk of the fish was then preserved in formalin (4%) and taken ti Sweden for further specification. In an attempt to evaluate the up and downstream migration in the fish-ladder at the Lower Jchlum Barrier number of fishes was tagged by Floy-tags. The fish released above the dam was collected by electrofishiiH along the right side in the dam (site 7) and immediately after capture anaesthesied by benzokain and tagged. After recovery, 1-2 hours, the fish were released (38 Labeo sp. and 2 S. esocinus) in the same are as they were caught in. The fish released downstreams ( 5 S. esocinus. 3 S. plagiostomus and 10 Labeo sp were collected in the fish-ladder by dipnel after that the water had been shut down. The handling and tagging were similar to the upstream released fish. Mr Didi (NHPC, Gantamulla) has agreed to handle eventual recoveries of tagged fish. Samples of eye, mussel and liver from 25 Schizothorax spp. were collected, deep-frozen and transported k Sweden for electrophoresis in another attempt to clarify the puzzle of Schizolhorax spp. The survey was spared from heavy rain but the temperature was above 30°C.
Results The Jehlum river is along the sites 1,2,4,and 5 fast flowing, narrow and the water very turbid (fable I). It is thus very difficult to electro fish and impossible to use any type of net. The losses of stunned fish are very difficult to estimate due to the lack of visibility and the coverage limited to the shoreline. Even site 3A and 3B in Buniyar nallah created difficulties for the same reasons. In spite of these difficulties fish were caught at all sites (Table 2). The only site where the multimesh gillnets could be used was close to tin dam at Gantamulla (Lower Jehlum Barrier), downstream called site 6 and upstream site 7. The catch in the gillnets was low and contributed with no new species to what already had ben caught with the electrofishing (Table 2). The length-frequency distributions of the catch in Jehlum and Buniyar nallah of Shizolhorax spp. and all of the other species are shown in Fig. 2-4. Noticeable was that all the fish caught both with electrofishing and in the gillnet at site 7 were diseased which appeared as black dots on the body and/or necrosis of the fins. This is interpreted as an accumulation of sick fish drifting downstreams in the relatively shallow water at site 7 (along the lell bank of the dam). Fish caught at site 7 along the right bank, with a considerable current, were in good condition These fishes were used for the tagging experiment. The number of tagged fishes was 38 Labeo sp and 2 .S'. esocinus released upstream and 10 I.aheo sp . 5 S esocinus and 1 S plagiostomus released downstreams. The length-frequency distribution of these tagged fishes is shown in fig 5
Acknowledgments The team-members arc most grateful to National Hydroelectric Power Corporation I .id (NIll'O. Neu Delhi, Stig Holiuqvist and his staff at the Uri-Civil Camp in CJingal. Mr Mir in Sriuagar. Jan Issuer from the Swedish International Development Authority (SI DA), New Delhi, and evervonc else that have made this third field sur\e\ successfully. References Degerman, E., M. Appelberg ocli P. Nyberg 1988. Estimating the number of species and relative abundance offish in Swedish lakes using multi-mesh gillnets. -Nordic J. Freshw. Res. Drotlningholm, 64:9i-100. Filipsson, O. 1972. Sotvattenslaboratoriets provfiske- och provlagningsmetoder. 2:a uppl.- Information Iran Solvattenslaboratoriet, Drotlningholm (1972) 16:1-26. Nyberg, P. och E. Degerman 1988. Standardised fiske med 6'versiktsnat. - Information fran Sotvattenslaboratoriet, Drottningholm, (1988) 7:1-22. Table 1. Physical and chemical dafa collected 1994.
Date Station Conductivity Oxygen Saturation Temp. Turbidity AuS/cm mg/l % FTU
940704 157 8.1 112 23.5 53
940706 150 7.2 104 23.0 36
940706 2A 433 6.3 72 16.5 0.9
940703 3A 13 8.6 99 3.4 82
940703 3B 14 9.2 103 13.0 70
940705 4 155 7.5 106 23.2 60
940705 5 156 7.6 101 23.6 47
940707 6 140 7.0 100 23.8 45
940707 7 136 6.0 87 24.7 43
Station 2A is a small spring . Station 3A uppstreams 3B in Bunjar nallah. Table 2. The total catch offish at each site 1994.
Date 940704 940706 940703. 940703i 940705: 940705 940707 940708; 940707 "940708 ype of gear Ei?ctrofisn Electrofish; Electrofish | Electrofish I Electrofish! Electrofish i Electrofish i Electrofish i Gillnet •Gillnet ite "1 2 3A 3B 4i 5'' Species Schozothorax esocmus 31 2i 10! S. curvifrons J6 2! 22 i S. plagiostomus 17 43! 12' 16; 9: 5: S. progastus S. longipinnis S. nasus S. labiatus 1! 3l S. juvenil 24! 15 8! 52! ;rossocheilus sp. 31 71 23; 19! 22 \ 21 i ypnnus carpio V Triplophysa sp. _5 3! Schistura sp 5" 15 1! 27 3; Exostoma sp Neomacheilus sp Labec sp 2; Puntius sp Total catch (number) _72_ 1_55_ 86 22' 51: 57 39 128 : Fished area (m"m) 212" "290 400 600 270- 328: 130 828 Time in water (hours)
[Exostoma sp is in earlier reports called Glyptosternon. i The catch of Schizothorax species in the Jehlum river 1994. 24 . , . , ..
20
16
03 E 12
S.juvenil S. labiatus S. plagiostomus S. curvifrons 2 5 10 15 S. esocinus Length (cm)
Figure 2. The length-frequency distribution of Schizothorax spp. caught in the Jehlum river 1994.
of other species than Schizothorax in the Jehlum river 1994.
7//7A Crossocheilus sp R5S3 Triplophysa sp. •H Schistura sp 10 15 20 25 30 8858 Glyptothorax sp Length (cm)
Figure 3. The length-frequency distribution of Crosssochcilus sp.. Triplophysa s/>. Schislmv up and Cilyptothorax spp caught in the Jehlum river 1994. Total catch in Bunjar naliah 1994.
Schistura sp. Schizothorax juvenil S. plagiostomus
Length (cm)
Figure 4. The length-frequency distribution of all species caught in the river Buniyar nallah 1994.
Length of tagged fish at the Lower Jehlum Barrier (Gantamulla).
S. esocinus S. plagiostomus 200 240 280 320 360 400 Labeo sp. Length (mm)
Figure 5. Ihc length-frequency distribution of the fish tagged at the Lower .lehlum Harrier 1994. On the fishes collected in Kashmir 1990 FIRST INFORMAL REPORT, 13 N€wemfeer 1991 j Anders Silfvcrgrip Department of Vertebrate Zoology Swedish Museum of Natural History S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Tel. X46-8-66M118 Fax. X46-8-6664212
Background Hits first preliminary report on the fishes collected during field woik in Kashmir is a pait of the Aquatic Environmental Asscsmcnt of the Uri flydropowcr Project on River Jlichun, Jatnniu and Kashmir, India. The primary objective to bring back specimens to Sweden was for accurate identification and future reference. The collection was made in several selected areas. Most collecting efforts were made at downstream localities. These are the most likely to be affected from tfic hydroclcctrical power plant and the waste water from the village Gingal. Other areas of interest were upstream localities with presumably little or no future effect from the power plant itself. The Swedish participants of the field work were (in alphabetical order): Mr O. Endcrlcin, Institute of Freshwater Research (IFR); Ms E. Engblom, Limnodata IIB (LHB); Mr P-E. Lingdell, LHB; Mr A. Silfvergrip, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM); Mr H. VVicksfrom, IFR. Acknowledgments Iliis field work would simply not have been accomplished without the kind and most substantial assistance from our Indian counterparts. We are most grateful to Mr B.S.K. Naitlu of the National Hydroclectrical Power Corporation Ltd. (NHPC) for preparing the necessary permissions and providing preservatives. This appreciation is also extended to Dr S.A. Khan (NHPC) and Mr S.S. Bist (NHPC), both of whom enthusiastically and ably assisted us during the field work. Sincere acknowledgements to Dr A.R. Yousuf of The University of Kashmir who was a most valuable collaborator. We also wish to thank B. Ekman from the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) for preparing initial contacts with Indian Authorities etc. Itinerary 10 Nov. All participants mel at Arlanda airport, heading for New Delhi via Amsterdam. 11 Nov. Arrived at Indira Gandhi International Airport, wilh frustrating bureaucracy. Met D. Fknian from llie Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA), India. Our equipment, sent separately from Sweden, turned out to be delayed nl the Indian customs. 12 Nov. Presentation of us at the National Hydroeleclrical Power Corporation (NIII'C) office. 13 Nov. Equipment issue solved. Travelling by air to Srinagar, Kashmir. 14 Nov. Meeting wilh our representative from University of Srinagar, Dr Ytissuf. Purchased food and additional equipment. 15 Nov. Went by our rental bus to the village naramula Unpacked and checked equipment. 16 Nov. Our first fishing day. We fished at a small stream called Trout Stream about 25 km south of Hnraimila (Site 3). 17 Nov. We moved to the village Shiri and thereafter went to about 1 km upstream the Lower Jhclum bairagc nt the village Gantmula for clccltofishing (Silc 7). Unfortunately, we forgot to bring Ilic cathode, tints reconnaissance only. We set gill-nets UK) m upslicam the barrage (also Site 7) for tomorrow morning. IS Nov. Gill-nets retrieved. Flcctrofishing at Site 7. In the afternoon we went clcclmfishing at silc (*». about 100 m downstream the Lower Jliclum barrage, where we also set nets for tomorrow. 19 Nov. Olof Endcrlcin (OF.) retrieves the nets while the rest of us went in advance to the planned Uri barrage intake (Sites 4 and 5). 20 Nov. Long journey lo the village Uii al Uic planned Uri barrage outlet (She 1). Elcctrofishing and bottom- fauna sampling. 21 Nov. Oirr car needed mending. Simultaneously, elcctrofishing in the main stream of the River Jhchim at the village Gingal (Site 2). "Thereafter, further fishing in a small springfed stream just 50 m from river. In the afternoon I bought some fish from the fishmarket at the village Gantmtila (Site 6/7). Nets were again set at Site 6. 22 Nov. Nets retrieved by OE. The rest of us went to Site 3, once again. This time some 500 m downstream the previous locality. Twelve specimens from the gill-ncl catch were given lo Dr Ynssuf as voucher specimens. On the way back to Shiri further material were bought from the fishmonger al Gnnlmula. Just before entering the village Shiri we slopped at the small bridge I" collect some more samples. 23 Nov. We packed our equipment ready lo change our base lo Srinagar. Firsl, however, we went lo a small village al the confluence of the rivers Jheliim and Pharu (Sile 8) where we clcctrofishcd and set our nets. In the afternoon we returned lo our hotel in Srinagar. 24 Nov. When returning to the village we were told that the strong current of the river must have taken our nets. Somehow, this did not seem to be the most convincing explanation. Anyway, afterwards we went by bus through extensive apple-tree plantations to the Hoapora bridge where we did clcctrofishing. 25 Nov. Firsl resting day. Toiirtsling in the city of Srinagar, because of the civil war perfectly devoid of tourists. 26 Nov. We went to the northeastern corner of the nowadays almost dried out Wular Lake, selling nets and did clcctrofishing. 27 Nov. We retrieved the nets from the Wular Lake and went lo the northern shore of Manasbal Lake for setting nets for tomorrow. 28 Nov. Retrieved the nets from the Manasbal Lake. 29 Nov. We clcctrofished in the Sindh River al>out 5 km upstream of the village Gandcrbal, somewhere in the surroundings of the village Nunar. 30 Nov. Lrngdell and ( went to a fish-market in Srinagar lo buy fish for preservation. We noted that about 50% of the fish on sale are the introduced species Common carp (Cyprimu carpio).-Tlm rcsl were made up of schlzolhoracins of fairly large size. In the aflcrnoon the fishing equipment was cleaned, checked and packed. 1 Dec. I went to the village Gantmula lo deposit our equipment. Dr. Yussuf was invited to our hotel to evaluate the results and to discuss further cooperation. 2 Dec. Left Srinagar for New Delhi by air. We met Bcngl Ekman to give a preliminary report. 3 Dec. We left New Delhi for Stockholm. Olof Endcrlein stayed one more day to give personal report to NIIPC. The rcsl of us arrived at Stockholm in the evening at the same date. Post-Journey activities The fish samples were brought back to Sweden as overweight cargo. Dr S.O. Ku I lander met at the airport and the plastic drums were transferred to the Swedish Museum of Natural Mistor)'. All specimens were put immediately into walcr to rinse out the formaldehyde. The following day they were put in a tank with 40% elhanol and four days later in 75% ethanol. Specimens were transferred into smaller jars with 75% ethanol, as sorting and identification carried on. Some fish specimens were collected by Engblom and Ungdell during their bottom- fauna sampling. These specimens will be brought to the museum at a later dale. Results Despite singular circumstances the field study was on the whole carried out as planned. A substantial number of fish specimens were obtained from most localities. Unfortunately, the curfew reduced the fishing efforts at some far distance localities. Yet, these localities provide sufficient material and data for later analysis. In all about 1700 specimens were brought back to Sweden for identification. At the present stage some twenty species have been recognized from this collection. The schizolhoracin species constitute a great identification problem. There arc about a dozen schizothoracin species reported from this area. They are all very similar and there arc several reports on natural hybridizations. The fish fauna of Kashmir is composed of species from large wide-spread groups which in most cases are in desperate need of systematic revisions. Identification work proceeds and will involve assistance from international specialists. The present list is therefore, please, to be considered as preliminary. LIST OF STATIONS SII.-90-01 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus R(vcr drainage: Jhclum River, tributary Bonlyal Nal (=Trout Stream), ca 25 km downstream Daramula village 16 November 1990 1330-1600 A. Silfvergrip cl al. P.lcctrofishtng 150//S, clear, colourless 8.9"C Collectors A.Silfvergrlp, O.I-ndcrlcin, ll.Wickstrom. P-H. Lingdcll. R-Rngblom, A.R.Yousuf. S.S.Bist A Shahid A.K. Current: c. 1.5 m/s. Stream 10-15 m width, 0.5 m depth with rocky bottom. Vegetation none. Ilsliing In stream and adjacent pools. Human Influence small.
SIL-90-02 Asia INDIA Jamniu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River al Oantinula village, ca 1 km upstream Ixwcr Jhctum Darragc 17 November 1990 HOO-1500 A. Silfvergripet al. Handnel 265//S, turbid, colourless 11.1*C Collectors, see Sit,-90-01. Current: 0-1.5 m/s. River >5f) m wide, with sandy and rocky bottom. Vegetation none, t/rcal fishing with long!inc. Human influence: deforestation and agriculture.
SII. -90-03 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River al Gantmula village, ca 1 km upstream l/owcr Jhclum llarragc IR November 1990 0945-M20 A. Silfvergrip et »I. l-lcctrofishing 268//S, turbid, colourless 10.4*C Collectors, see SII.-90-01. Current: 0-1.5 m/s. Stream >50 m width, with sandy and rocky bottom. Vegetation none. I.ocal fishing with long!Inc. Human Influence: deforestation and agriculture.
SIL-90-04 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River at Ganlmula village, 100 m upstream Ixnvcr Jhcltim Barrage 17 November 1990 1600-1000 A. Silfvergrip et al. Gillnet Collectors, see S1L-90-0I. Dale: 17-18 Nov 1990 overnight.
SIL-90-05 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River al Gantmula village, 100 m downstream Lower Jhclum Barrage 18 November 1990 1000-1610 A. Silfvergrip et al. llsndnel/electrlcity 267 //S, turbid, colourless 10.6'C Collectors, see SII.-90-01. Current 0-1 m/s. River c. 50 m wide and 0.1-0.3 m deep at fishing site near beach. Bottom with sand up to rocks
SU.-90-06 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River at Gantlmnla village, 100 m downstream Ixwcr Jhclum Barrage IR November 1990 1600-1000 A. Silfvergrip el al. (tillnct 267 /«S. 8.8 mg O2/I [95%] 10.3'C Collectors, see SI 1,-90-01. Current 0-1 m/s. River c. 50 ni wide and 0.1-0.3 in deep at fishing site ncm beach with tmbid colourless water. Bottom with sand up to rocks
SII.-90-07 Asia INDIA Jamnui and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River at planned Uri Barrage intake, ca 15 km downstream Batahnuta 1° November 1990 1135-1240 A. Silfvergrip ct al. I'lcctrofishiiig 271//S, highly turbid 10.7'C Collectors, see SII.-90-01. Current 0-1.5 m/s. River c. 50 ni wide and 0 -1 ni deep at fishing site near beach Bottom with large rocks. No vegetation In water. Human Influence: hychoclcctrical dam built in 1918 and one d:o planned.
SII.-90-08 :(-
Asia INDIA Jammu and Kaslimir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, 400 m upstream planned Url Barrage intake, ca 15 km downstream Haralmula 19 November 1990 1525-1600 A. Silfvergrip et al. F.lcctroflshlng 269 //S, highly turbid 10. J *C Collector*, see SIL-90-01. Qirrcnt 0-1.5 m/s. River c. 50 m wide and 0-1 in deep at fishing site near bench. Bottom with large rocks. No vegetation In water. Human Influence: hydroctcclrlcal dam built in 1918 and one d:o planned.
S» -90-09 Asia INDIA iammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhciuni River, village Url (planned Uri Harragc outlet). 200 m upstream old suspension bridge 20 November 1990 1130-1220 A. Silfvergrip et al. Hlcctrofishing Collectors, see SII.-90-01. River c. 50 m wide and 0 -1 m deep al fishing site near beach.
SIL-90-10 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, village Gingal, (between planned Uri Barrage intake and outlet) 21 November 1990 1055-1200 A. Silfvergrip el al. F.lcctrofishing 273/iS. highly turbid 9.8*C Collectors, see 5511,-90-01. River c. 50 m wide and 0-1.5 m deep al fishing site near beach. Hollom with rocks, 0.1 -2 m.
SI I.-90-11 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, village Gingal, between planned Uri Barrage Intake and outlet, speingfed 21 November 1990 1210-1230 A. Silfvergrip ct al. llandnct/ctectrlcity 515/iS. clear, colourless I6.3*C Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Stream c. 0.6 m wide and 0.1 m deep. Currrcnt 0.6 m/s. Bottom with sand/pebbles and submerse vegetation. Human Influence: village.
SH.-90-12 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village, fish market 21 November 1990 1530-1600 A. Sllfvcrgrip Purchase
SIL-90-13 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River at Gantmula village, 100 in downstream I/Owcr Jhclum Barrage 21 November 1990 1600-1000 A. Silfvergrip et al. Gillnct Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Date: 21-22 Nov 1990, overnight. Current 0-1 m/s. River c. 50 m wide. Human influence: dam. SII.-90-14 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, tributary Boniyal Nal (=Trout Stream), ca 25 km downstream Mammilla village 22 November 1990 1000-1430 A. Silfvergrip et al. Ifonrinct/electricity KO//S, clear, colourless 4.8-9*C Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Current: 0.4-1.7 m/s. Stream 5 in wide, 0.5-1 m depth with rocky bottom. Vegetation none. Temperatures lOOOh and 143Oh respectively.
SII -90-15 Asia INDIA Jamnm and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River at (tanimtila village, fish market 22 November 1990 1500-1530 A Silfvergrip (dcd.) I'urchase
SII. 90-16 Asia INDIA Jnimmi and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Iheluin River, small tributary stream (=Mundri Nal?) W of village Shirt, ca 2 km F. of (lantimtla 22 November 1990 1530-1600 A. Silfvergripel RI. ll.incincl weak brown colour Collectors, sec SIL-90-01. Current: 0.5 m/s. Stream c. 15 m wide, 0.2 m deep with bottom: sand and scattered stones, algae. aquatic vegetation (Polamogclon etc.).
SH..-9O-I7 Asia INDIA Janimu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, near Sopor town, in Jhclum proper just upstream mouth of Pliant River 23 November 1990 1100-1200 A. Silfvcrgrlp el al. ll.iiidncl/clcctrlcity turbid Collectors, see SIL-90-OI. Stream c. 100 in wide, fishing depth 0-1.5 m. Ilollom: sand. Human influence: fishing site and public toilet.
SIL-90-I8 Asia INDIA Jammtt and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, near Sopor town, Pharu River 50 m upstream the Hoapora bridge 24 November 1990 1200-1300 A. Silfvcrgrlp et al. l;lcclrofishlng Collectors, see SIL-90-01. River 50-100 m wide, fishing depth <1.5m. Bottom: sand. Human influence: faeces and people with hand grenades; blown bridge.
SIL-90-19 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, near Sopor town, Pharu River right below the Hoapora bridge 2-1 November 1990 1300-1330 A. Silfvergrlp et al. F.lccliofishlng Collectors, see SIL-90-01. No field form!
SIL-90-20 Aslt INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Wular lake, NF. corner of lake and easternmost canal of peninsula 26 November 1990 1200-1400 A. Silfvcrgrip ct al. F.lcctroflshlngfboat) Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Blectrofishing from boal. Presence of Cyprimis carpio noted (5 spms. 15-40 cm TL) - not preserved.
SIL-90-21 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Wular take, NE corner of lake 26 November 1990 1600-1000 A. Silfvergrlp el aJ. (Jlllnet Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Date: 26-27 Nov 1990, overnight. Presence of Cyprinux carpio and Carassius cara.tsius noted - noi preserved.
SII..-90-22 Asia INDIA Jammu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, Manasbal 1 .akc 27 November 1990 1600-1000 A. Silfvergrlp et al. Oillnel Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Date: 27-28 Nov 1990 overnight. Presence of Carassius carassius noted - not preserved
SH .-90-23 Asia INDIA Jaminu and Kashmir Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, Sfndh River, ca 5 km upstream Oandcrbal village, at Nunar village 29 November 1990 1000-1130 A .Silfvcrgrlp ct al. Mandnct/electrlclty Wty/S, clear, colourless 2.1 "C Collectors, sec SIL-90-01. River 20 m wide and fishing depth 0.5 -I m. Hottom with rocks
SH. 90-24 Asia INDIA Jammii and Kaslttnir Indus River drainage: bought at fish market in Srin.ig.ir; said to come from Jhclum River at Srin.ig.ir JO November 1990 1000-1030; A. Silfvcrgrip; I'm chase LIST OF SPECIES Cat no: Catalogue number N: Number Loc: Locality tt: Star indicates NOT included in quantitative study
Cat no N Genus Species Family Loc ii 13135 1 Schistura sp. Balitoridae 01 * 13138 4 Schistura sp. Balitoridae 02 * 13139 3 Schistura sp. Balitoridae 16 * 13142 4 Schistura sp. Balitoridae 05 * 13143 2 Schistura sp. Balitoridae 03 13144 3 Schistura sp. Balitoridae 11 * 13270 1 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 06 13126 21 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 21 13131 3 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 09 13137 1 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 16 * 13140 1 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 22 13141 1 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 03 13146 3 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 11 * 13147 1 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 03 13169 1 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 20 * 13253 1 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 18 13255 49 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 23 13271 2 Triplophysa sp. Balitoridae 18 13101 1 Botia birdii Cobitidae 02 * 13124 2 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 08 13148 3 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprlnidae 05 13149 3 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 03 13123 1 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 13 13125 8 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 22 13130 7 Cro s soche i1us diplochilus Cyprinidae 21 13133 1 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 07 13145 2 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 17 13251 5 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 18 13252 4 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 19 * 13256 107 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 20 * 13257 134 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 20 * 13258 122 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 20 * 13259 133 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 20 * 13260 104 Crossocheilus diplochilus Cyprinidae 20 * 13127 1 Labeo diplostomus Cyprinidae 10 13129 1 Labeo diplostomus Cyprinidae 22 13247 4 Labeo diplostomus Cyprinidae 15 * 13248 3 Labeo diplostomus Cyprinidae 13 13249 6 Labeo diplostomus Cyprinidae 06 13250 1 Labeo diplostomus Cyprinidae 13 13093 1 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 08 13094 1 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 17 13095 1 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 16 * 13098 19 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 17 * 13099 1 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 10 13132 62 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 22 13170 20 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 20 * 13273 2 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 18 13122 1 Schizothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 21 13188 1 Schizothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 17 7 13214 11 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 20 * 13216 10 Schizothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 20 * 13217 10 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 20 * 13218 11 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 21 13219 4 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 05 13221 6 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 08 13222 2 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 03 13223 134 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 11 * 13224 7 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 20 * 13225 7 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 07 13226 39 Schizothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 03 13230 6 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 20 * 13265 48 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 01 * 13266 23 Schizothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 09 13267 20 Schlzothorax curvifrons Cyprinidae 10 13155 2 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 03 13156 1 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 21 13157 1 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 05 13158 1 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 08 13159 1 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 20 * 13160 7 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 15 * 13161 2 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 03 13162 3 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 07 13198 2 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 19 13204 6 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 06 13205 3 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 04 13239 8 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 12 * 13269 1 Schi zothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 20 * 13272 4 Schizothorax esocinus Cyprinidae 18 13191 1 Schizothorax huegelii Cyprinidae 20 * 13195 1 Schi zothorax huegelii Cyprinidae 13 13194 1 Schizothorax longipinnis Cyprinidae 04 13203 1 Schizothorax longipinnis Cyprinidae 20 * 13206 1 Schizothorax longipinnis Cyprinidae 15 * 13209 1 Schi zothorax longipinnis Cyprinidae 06 13119 6 Schizothorax micropogon Cyprinidae 21 13227 1 Schizothorax micropogon Cyprinidae 19 * 13228 26 Schizothorax micropogon Cyprinidae 20 * 13268 6 Schizothorax micropogon Cyprinidae 18 13121 5 Schizothorax nasus Cyprinidae 21 13154 1 Schizothorax nasus Cyprinidae 22 13190 1 Schizothorax nasus Cyprinidae 20 * 13192 3 Schizothorax nasus Cyprinidae 13 13193 4 Sohizothorax nasus Cyprinidae 06 13199 3 Schizothorax nasus Cyprinidae 20 * 13241 20 Schizothorax niger Cyprinidae 20 * 13173 5 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 08 13174 3 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 05 13175 7 Schizothorax plaglostomus Cyprinidae 09 13176 8 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 03 13177 14 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 05 13178 1 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 10 13181 6 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 14 13182 12 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 03 13183 16 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 08 13184 13 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 07 13185 11 Schizothorax plagiostbmus Cyprinidae 03 13187 1 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 10 13189 2 Schir.othorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 10 13208 1 Schizothprax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 15 * 13213 6 Schlzothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 12 * 13220 2 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 23 13236 5 Schizothorax plagiostomus Cyprinidae 06 13196 1 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 04 13202 3 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 06 13207 1 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 12 * 13238 1 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 * 13244 4 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 18 13245 4 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 * 13246 11 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 * L3120 5 Schizothorax planifrons Cyprinidae 21 13153 9 Schizothorax planifrons Cyprinidae 22 13215 16 Schizothorax planifrons Cyprinidae 20 * 13240 16 Schizothorax planifrons Cyprinidae 20 * 13163 5 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 15 * 13164 6 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 15 * 13165 2 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 07 13166 3 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 05 13167 1 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 08 13168 7 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 03 13180 2 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 17 13197 7 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 06 13210 6 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 * 13211 1 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 23 * 13212 13 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 18 13229 4 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 20 * 13231 5 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 * 13232 10 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 * 13233 6 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 * 13234 11 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 * 13235 14 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 19 13237 2 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 12 13242 1 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 13 13243 2 Schizothorax progastus Cyprinidae 18 13261 20 Schizothorax diplostomus Cyprinidae 24 * 13262 20 Schizothorax diplostomus Cyprinidae 24 * 13263 20 Schizothorax diplostomus Cyprinidae 24 13264 11 Schizothorax diplostomus Cyprinidae 24 13186 1 Schizothorax sp. Cyprinidae 22 13092 1 Schizothorax sp. Cyprinidae 08 13100 2 Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliidae 16 * 13104 47 Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliidae 17 * 13105 25 Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliidae 17 13171 2 Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliidae 20 13172 3 Exostoma sp. Sisoridae 14 13102 1 Exostoma sp. Sisoridae 01 * 13103 1 Exostoma sp. Sisoridae 14 * 13106 1 Glyptothorax sp. A Sisoridae 00 13107 1 Glyptothorax sp. A Sisoridae 04 13109 1 Glyptothorax sp. B Sisoridae 11 13110 3 Glyptothorax sp. B Sisortdae 05 13111 1 Glyptothorax sp. B Sisor.ldae 07 13112 2 Glyptothorax sp. A,B Sisoridae 03 Fishes collected in Kashmir, May 1993 Report 12 August, 1993 Erik Alilandcr Department of Vertebrate Zoology Swedish Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 50007 S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, Sweden Telephone X46-8-66G4118
Introduction The Vertebrate Department of the Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM) is responsible for the taxonomic analysis of catches of fin fish collected by teams conducting the Aquatic Environmental Assessment of the Uri Hydropower Project. The Uri Dam and Tunnel is being constructed in the River Jhclum in Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir State, India (Map 1-3). The first field study was made 10 November - 3 December, 1990 with A. Silfvergrip representing NRM. The second trip, reported on herein, was made 30 April - 20 May, 1993 with E. Ahlander as NRM participant. Due to the political situation in Kashmir the second journey was not only delayed two years, but was also restricted to a minor part of the area under study, viz. the programmed collecting sites at the Lower Jhelum Barrage (# 6 and 7) and downstream to site # 1 (Map 1). The 7 program sites are all more or less lotic localities with the exception of site # 7A with moderately fast running water and the two small tributaries, sites # 2B and 7B, both with slow-flowing water. As no Icutic water bodies were sampled the species composition of the total catch differs from that of the 1990 collection which included also lakes (Tab. 3). Altogether we collected and preserved 388 specimens of fish, representing 18 collecting events. 367 specimens were collected from programmed sites listed above. Another 15 specimens were collected from the river but outside the program sites. Six additional specimens were bought from locals (Tab. 4 & 5).
Field team: Erik Ahlander, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden Paul Andersson, Institute of Applied Environmental Research, Solna, Sweden S.S. Bisf, National Hydroelectrical Power Corporation Ltd., Lower Jhelum Barrage, India Olof Enderleln, Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Sweden Shahid All Khan, National Hydroelectrical Power Corporation Ltd., New Delhi, India Per-Ei ik Lingdell, Limnodata HB, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden A.R. Yousuf, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
Itinerary
V) Apr vSwcdish participants joined early in (he morning al Arlanda Airport. At 0825' h we Icfl Arlanda after checking in our huge luggage. We spent one hr al Ziirich Aiquut from 1050 h and arrived eventually al Indira Gandhi International 2310 h local lime. After minor formalities heading for hotel "Taj Palace". I May After a good night's sleep some of us shopped and visited the Old Delhi fish market. P:iicrs visited Mr Inn Essncr al the Swedish Embassy. .' May Sunday. Delhi closed. Resting. J May Left Delhi for Srinagar (via Jammu) with Indian Airlines. On the journey to Srinagar we had company with Dr. S. AH Khan. From Srinagar we continued directly by helicopter to the Swedish camp in Gingal (also spelled Glngle). 4 May Unpacking ajtd checking equipment Hlcctrofishing lest in the evening. 10
fheVirn Riv«r
BARAMULA
Bony»r N»1U SRINAGAR
Map I. Study area with sampling sites. Only sites # 1-7 were visited during this journey
TIBET
PAKISTAN'
Map 2. Jhelum River Drainage. Inserted Map 3. South Asia. Inserted area area = sludy area. Jhelutn River I >rainage. 5 May Checking equipment. _ 6 May Electronshlrig and bottom fauna research at Url site # 3A & D (Duniyar Nallah River, upstream and downstream labour camp). 7 May Eledrofkhlng and bottom fauna research at Uri site ti 5 (upstream planned Url Barrage intake). 8 May Elcclrofishing and bottom fauna research at Uri site ft 2A & B (downstream Gingal and springfed tributary). 9 May Sunday. Resting. Hand-net fishing at Uri site (f 2B. 10 May ElcctrofishJng impossible due to heavy rain. 11 May Electrofishing and bottom fauna research at Uri site If 6 and 4 (below Lower ihelum Barrage and at Mohara Power Station Intake). 12 May Electroflshing and bottom fauna research at Uri site tt 1 (near Uri, upstream ParmpiJan bridge). 13 May Elcclrofishing and bottom fauna research at Url site H 7 A & B (above Lower Jhelum Barrage). 14 May Packing equipment. Preparation of fish for shipping. Final meeting with our Indian colleagues, Bist, Kahn and Yousuf. 15 May Due to fog, helicopter transport was impossible, so we went by car to Srinagar, and with Indian Airlines via Amrltsar to Delhi. 16 May Sunday. Resting in Delhi (46°C). 17 May Meeting with Jan Essner at the Swedish Embassy. In the evening Paul and Per-Erik left for the airport. After midnight they continued by air to Sweden. 18 May Meeting at the National Hydroclcctrical Power Corporation. Searching for ichlhyological literature unavailable In Sweden. Searching for reference material of fish at the fish market. 19 May Lunch with Jan Essner. In (he evening transport to (he airport and via Zurich to Arlanda and Stockholm.
Comments on the genus Schizothorax The first paper on fishes of the Jhelum River was written by J. Heckel in 1838. In this paper ten species of schizothoracin fishes and six species belonging to other groups of fishes were described, all of them new to science. Heckel's descriptions were based on fish brought to Europe by C. von Hiigel. He had probably obtained one specimen of each kind recognized by local fishermen. Heckel's paper has remained the most important source of information on the Kashmir Valley fish fauna up to now. In the following year, 1839, J. M'Clelland described a schizothoracin fish from the borders of Assam under the name Oreinus progastus. This species is reported by E.G. Silas in 1960 to occur in the Kashmir valley. The reason for this identification is not clear. In 1842 M'Clelland described species of schizothoracin fishes from the Afghanistan area, one of which, Racoma labiatus, was reported later from Ladakh. In 1876 F. Day described Schizothoraxpunctatus from Kashmir. In 1936 D.D. Mukerjl reported possible natural hybrids between Racoma labiatus and one of Heckel's species, Schizothoraxsinuatus, from the Kashmir valley. He also showed the species S. punctatus lo fall within (he variation of Schizothorax esocinus Heckel. In 1949 K.S. Misra showed two of Hcckel's species, Schizothorax plagiostomus and S. sinuatus, to be male and female of a single species, S. plagiostomus. In I960 E.G. Silas made an artificial key to the species of Kashmir Valley. This key was used by Silfvergrtp in the identifications of Kashmir fish in 1990-91 (Silfvcrgrip, pcrs. conim). In 1963 S.M. Das and B.A. Subla repotted on a four-year study of the Kashmir fish fauna. The report docs, however, not give any information on the distribution or ecology of the different schizothoracin species. According to A.R. Yousuf (pers.comm.) no substantial part of (his collection is stored at (lie University in Srinagar.
This gives a total of 13 nominal species of schizolhoracins reported from the Kashmir Valley. Several species show significant infraspecific variation. Hybridization is repeatedly reported (e.g., Mukcrji, 1936; Silas, I960) and some specimens in the 1993 collection arc suspected hybrids with reference to — intermediate morphology between diagnosable species (Tab. 2).
The material collected in 1990 and 1993, is, to our knowledge, one of the largest preserved material from the Kashmir valley, and thus offers one of the best opportunities so far to get a good knowledge of the fish fauna. Scizothoraxplagiostomus, S. esocinus, and S. labiatus are easily distinguishable species. Schizothorax sinuatus is the female olS. plagiostomus (as Misra suggests 1949) ojnatfier. the hybrid between S. plagiostomus and another species. In the same way S.punctalus might be the cross between E. csocinus and another species as well as Individuals within the natural variation of E. esocinus. Reported specimens of S. progastus from Kashmir are probably S. labiatus.
The remaining species, S. curvifrons, S. longipinnis, S. niger, S. nasus, S. huegelii, S. micropogon, and S. planifrons, altdescribed by Heckel (1838), are all virtually indistinguable in the large material now at hand. I have been unable to find any putative diagnostic character which does not show overlap. It is not clear whether we are dealing with one or more species of this complex. To me it seems unlikely that as many as seven very close species could coexist under these circumstances, although cases with several sympatric congeneric species is reported, eg. five species of Coregonus in the Arjeplog lakes, Sweden (Svardson, 1979). There is a need for a comprehensive study to solve these problems. In the list below all specimens referable to this group of nominal species are named "Schizothorax sp.".
The species concerned has been referred to the nominal genera Schizothorax, Schizothraichthys, Oreimts and Racoma. Additional genera is reported to occur in Ladakh. A cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Schizothoracinae was made by Wu Yunfei in 1984. Since all species reported from the Kashmir valley are grouped by Wu within the two sistergroups Racoma and Schizothorax, and since his material from Kashmir appears to have been very limited, I have decided to retain the type genus name Schizothorax, for practical reasons, until a cladistic study of the group has been undertaken.
Biodiversity Comparing with published check-lists (eg. Nath, 1986) or with the 1990 collection the 1993 collection includes comparatively few species. There are two important reasons for the discrepancy: 1. One species might be reported under several different names reflecting systematic and nomenclatural problems with the Kashmir fish fauna. Most of the recent Indian literature consists of uncritical literature compilations. See Tab. 1 for a comparision of Nath (1986) and present nomenclature.
2. The 1993 collection originates almost entirely from lotic habitats. Species preferring lentic water are absent in this collection or represented only by occasional specimens.
Conclusions and recommendations Evaluation of ecological and environmental consequenses of an undertaking like the Uri project requires systematic knowledge of the organisms involved. The Kashmir Valley fish fauna includes several nominal species with unclear status in many respect (cf. Tab. 1). This concerns not only the schizothoracin species discussed above, but also species of the genera Carra, Labe.o, Triplophysa Glyptothorax and Glyptosternon. Thus, an evalution of their degree of endemism is not possible today, as it requires distribution data from revisions not yet undertaken. I lie material at hand is a good base for a study aiming to solve these problems, but extensive reference material would be needed from neighbouring areas such as Ladakh, Rawalpindi-Kabul area, Jaininu, and Ilimachal Pradesh. Also, some high altitude tributary localities in the Kashmir Valley should be collected. Some reference material might be found in museum collections, especially in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, but in other cases fresh material with good locality data is needed. Acknowledgements I wish to thank Mr. Jan Essner, Swedish International Development Authority in New Delhi, who helped with formalities. Permissions from the National Hydroclectrical Power Corporation Ltd. in New Delhi were cleared and our activities supervised by Dr. B.S.K. Naidu. The staff of Uri Civil, in Delhi, Srinagar (Mr. B.A. Mir), and Gingal (Mr. Stig Holmqvist and staff) assisted in practical matters.
lab. 1 Status of nominal species listed by Nath, 1986 from Kashmir valley.
Nalh. 1986 Present name and status in the valley * = Included in the 1993 collection Sahno tnitta fario Salmo trutia, introduced, present status unknown. Saltno gairdneri Onchorynchus ntykiss, introduced, present status unknown. Salvclinus namaycush Salvelinus namaycush, introduced, present status unknown. Salvettnus fontinalis Salvelinus fontinalis, introduced, present status unknown. Cyprinus carpio specularis * Cyprinus carpio, introduced, well established (Fotedar & Quadri, 1974). Cyprinus carpio communis * Cyprinus carpio, introduced, well established (Fotcdar & Quadri. 1974). l.aheo dero Labeo dero, collected 1990. Type locality: Brahmaputra. Labeo diploslomus from Kashmir is a synonym according to Silas, 1960, but is valid according to Hora, 1936. A revision is probably needed. l.abco dyocheilus Labeo dyocheilus. Type locality: Assam. Reported along the Himalayas to Pakistan. Included in Silas' list 1960 of fishes known from Kashmir valley. Maybe misidentified. Similar to L. dero. A revision is probably needed. l.abeo microphthalmus Labeo microphthalmus. Type locality: Rawalpindi. In Day's description (1878) he adds:"..., also Cashmere." Not reported from Kashmir valley since. A revision is probably needed. ftmtius conchonius Puntius conchonius, introduced, collected 1990. hutiiiu sophore Puntiussopore. Type locality: Ganges River. A wide-spread species of plains and submontane regions (Talwar & Jhingran, 1991). Inclusion in this list based on the single report in Saxena & Koul (1966). Doubted. Tor putitora Tor putitora, extinct in Kashmir Valley due to the Mangla dam in Jhelum River downstream the Pakistan border. ttarbus hexaslichus Ntolissochilus hexastichus. Type locality: Assam. In Day's description (1878) he includes Kashmir. Not reported from Kashmir valley since. A revision is probably needed. Schizoihorax curvifrons cundfrons (*) "Schiiothorax sp.", cf. comments above. Schizothorax curvifrons niger (*) "Schhothorax sp.", cf. comments above. Schizoihorax esocinus * Schizothorax esocinus. Schizoihorax hugelii (*) "Schizothorax sp.", cf. comments above. Schizoihorax nasus (*) "Schizothorax sp.", cf. comments above. Schizolhorax planifrons (•) "Schizothorax sp.", cf. comments above. Schizolhorax longipinnis (*) "Schizothorax sp.", cf. comments above. Schizotltorax micropogon (*) "Schizoihorax sp.", cf. comments above. Schizoihorax punclalus * Schizothorax esocinus. Sfhiiothorax tabiatus * Schizoihorax labialus. Si hizolhornx progastus Schizothorax progastus, rcslricted to Assam, cf. comments above. (h amis plagiostomus plagiostomus * Schizoihorax plagiostomus. Nalh. 1986 Present name and slalus in the valley * = included in the 1993 collection I'lycliobarbus conirostris Ftychobarbus conirostris. In India restricted to Ladakh region. Diptychus maculatus Diptychus maculatus, in India restricted to Ladakh region. Schizopygopsls stoliczkac Schizopygopsu stoliczkae. In India restricted to Ladakh region. Crossocheilus latins diplochilus * Crossocheilus diplochilus. Garra gotula gotula Garra golyla. Reported by Das (1965). The reference material of this single report from Kashmir valley might be lost (cf. comment on Das & Subla's material above). Status uncertain. Holia birdii Botia birdi, collected 1990. Nocmachciltts marmoralus Triplophysa marmorata, a valid species described from Kashmir valley by Hcckel In 1838. cf. Triplophysa yasinensis. Noemacheilus vittatus Triplophysa marmorata, cf. Day (1878) or Menon (1987). Nocmacheilus rupicola Nemacheilus rupecola, distribution restricted to mountainous areas of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Inclusion referred to Silas (1960). Probably based on misidentified specimens oiSchistura punjabensis. Noemacheilus kashmirensis Triplophysa yasinensis. Synonomy based on Menon (1987). Noemacheilus gracilis Triplophysa gracilis. Reported from Kashmir valley by Silas (1960) and Menon (1987). Status unknown - cf. Triplophysa yasinensis. Noemacheilus stoliczkae Triplophysa stoliczkae, in India restricted to Ladakh region. Noemacheilus yasinensis * Triplophysa yasinensis. Type locality: Yasin River. Ladakh. The number of Triplophysa species in Kashmir valley is uncertain. T. marmorata, T. gracilis, and T. yasinensis might be present. The identification in this report is tentative. ... Oniftok himaculatus Ompok sp. This lowland genus, not occuring in the Kashmir valley. Reports from Kashmir refers to Heckels (1838) description of Silurus lamghur, based on a specimen which must have been mlslabcled. Glyplothorax kashmirensis * Glyptothorax kashmirensis Glyptostcrnum reticulalum ' Glyptosternon reticulalum Exostoma stoliczkae * Glyptosternon reticulatum. Synonomy cf. eg. Talwar & Jhingran (1991). Gambusia aflinis holbrookii Gambusia holbrooki, introduced, collected 1990.
Tab. 2 Suspected hybrids with reference to intermediate mouth morphology between Schizothorax plagiostomus and other Schizothorax species. UriSitetf Total number of Schizothorax Number of suspected hybrids plagiostomus incl. suspected hybrids I 14 1 2A+B 62 2 3AfB 7 0 4 7 0 22 4 6 10 1 7AfR 34 8 Total 156 16 Tab. 3 List of Stations.
NRM Station # ElA-93-003 LocnIUy: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Baramulla-Uri aica. Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, sligiilly downstream oullct of vaslc-walcr from Gingal village Dale: 4 May 1993.1600-1800 h. Leg: Paul Andersson & Per-Erik Llngdell, eleclrofishing. Water: Comments: River c. SOm wide and 0.1-1.0 m deep al fishing site. Botlom big sloncs and gravel. Vegetation on land and bank grass, none in water. Human influence: cultivated fields, goats, occasional houses. Test of elcctrofishing equipment.
NRM Station » ElA-93-004 locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Daramulla-Url area, Indus River drainage: Buniyai Nallah River, tributary of Jhclunt River, upstream labour camp, Uriproject site H 3A Date: 6 May 1993,0900-1130 h. Leg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson et al, electrofishing. Water: pH 7.9, conductivity 123/iS/cm, oxygen 11.0 mg/1 = 115%, temperature 9.6°C. turbidity 49-59 FTU. colour gray c. 20 mg PI/I. Comments: Rapid stream c. 20m wide (+ side-stream 3m) and 0.1-0.6 m deep at fishing site. Bottom: boulders. Vegetation on land grass and bushes, none (algae ?) in water. Human influence: some houses. All fish front side-stream, main-stream were electroflshed for an equal distance - no fish.
NRM Station # ElA-93-005 locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Buniyar Nallah River, tributary of Jhelum River, downstream labour camp, Uri Project site H 3B Date: 6 May 1993, 1300-1430 h. t.eg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson et al, electrofishing. Water: pH 7.9, conductivity 203|iS/cm, oxygen (measured 10 May 1993!) 10.8 mg/1 = 108%, temperature 9.6eC. turbidity 150 Fill, colour gray c. 20 mg Pt/I.. Comments: Rapid stream c. 20 m wide (+ side-stream 3 m) (and 0.1-0.6 m deep?] at fishing site. Bottom: boulders. Vegetation: grass on land, none in water. Human influence: labour camp, deposit of filling etc. No fish caught!
NRM Station ff ElA-93-006 locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, upstream planned Uri Barrage intake, Uri project site ft 5 Date: 7 May 1993,0830-1100 h. Leg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson et al, electrofishing. Water: pH 8.0, conductivity 111 p&/cm, oxygen 8.2mg/l = 105%, temperature 17.9"C, turbidity 50-65 FTU, colour gray. Comments: Rapid (2 m/s) river c. 60 m wide and 0-1.3 m deep at fishing site. Bottom: boulders. Vegetation: grass on land, none in water. Human influence: grazing, faeces, dead cow on shore.
NRM Station » ElA-93-007 Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, c. I km downstream Giugal (Swedish Camp), side-arm. Uri project site ff 2A Dale: 8 May 1993,0830-1100 h. Leg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson et al, electrofishing. Water: pH 8.2. conductivity 124//S/cm, oxygen 8.9mg/l = 109%, temperature 18.2°C, turbidity 84 FTU. colour gray-brown. Comments: Swift-flowing to rapid river 70 m wide + side-ami 10 m, 0-1 in deep al fishing site. Bottom: boulders, stones ami fine sand Vegetation: grass, fields, some trees and bushes on land and bank, some algae in water. Human influence: ty.-i/ing. cultivation etc. Local fishing: angling. 8
NRM Station # ElA-93-008 Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Daramulla-Url area, Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, springfed tributary, l km downstream Glngal (Swedish Camp), Uri project site ft 2D Date: 8 May 1993,0830-1130 h. Leg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson et aJ, electrofishing, hand-net. Water: pH 7.4, conductivity 437/iS/cm, oxygen 8.5mg/l = 110%, temperature 21.1 C, turbidity 2.9 FTU, colour clear (20). Comments: Springfed creek c. 50 m long (spring - mouth) and 1-3.S m wide, 0-0.4 m deep. Bottom: sand, stones and dclrilus. Vegetation: grass, fields. Human influence: grazing, cultivation. No local fishing(?). Dense Gammarus population, mayflies (Daetis) common.
NRM Station ft ElA-93-008B Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area. Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, springfed tributary, 1 km downstream Gingal (Swedish Camp), Uri project site ft 2B Date: 9 May 1993, 1600-1800 h. Ixg: E.Ahlander. hand-ne). Water: colourless, clear. Comments: 50 m long springfed creek 1-3.5 m wide and 0-0.4 m deep. Bottom: sand, stones and detritus. Vegetation on land: grass, fields. Human Influence: grazing, cultivation. No local fishing(?).
NRM Station # ElA-93-009 locality: INDIA, Jainmu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhclum River, at Upper Jhelum Barrage. bought from locals Date: 11 May 1993. Dcd: E.Ahlander et al, purchase. Comments: No additional data.
NRM Station # ElA-93-010 Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly below Lower Jhelum Barrage, Uri project site H 6 Date: II May 1993.0900-1200h. I .eg: E.Alilander, P.Andersson et al, electrofishing. Wnter: pH 7.9, conductivity 105/iS/cm. oxygen 8.3 mg/l = 98%, temperature 14.5 C, turbidity 185 FTU, colour gray. Comments: Swift-flowing river. Bottom: unknown (bank by concrete and stone). Human influence: dam, military camp, local fishing.
NRM Station # ElA-93-011 locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly below Lower Jhelum Barrage, Uri project site ff 6 Date: !l May 1993, 0900-1100 h. Ix-p: E.Ahtonder, P.Andersson et al, gill-net. Water: pi I 7.9, conductivity I05/*S/cm. oxygen 8.3 mg/l = 98%, temperature 14.5 C, turbidity 185 FTU. colour gray. Comments: Swift-flowing river. Bottom: unknown (bank by concrete and stones). Human influence: dam, military camp. local fishing.
NRM Station ft ElA-93-012 Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area. Indus River drainage: Jheluin River at Mohara Power Station inlakc. Uri project site ff 4 Date: II May 1993. 1400-1530 h. I.eg: F. Alilandcr, P.Andersson el al, clectrofishing. Water: pit 8.0. conductivity 115/iS/cm, turbidity 145-150 FITJ, colour gray. ( onimcnts: Swift-flowing river. Bottom: boulders (and sand?). Human influence: early 2()lh century power station surrounded by huge ongoing dam building. NRM Station # ElA-93-013 Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area. Indus River drainage: Jhcium River near Uri, left river side upslreani Parmpilan bridge, Uri project site tt 1 Date: 12 May 1993,0900-1100 h. Ixg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson eJ al, e/ectrofishing. Water: pH 8.0, conductivity 140/xS/cm, oxygen 9.5 mg/1 = 112%, temperature 15.8°C, turbidity 97-102 FTU, colour gray. Comments: Swift-flowing river. Bottom: boulders and sand. Human influence: taiirace building ongoing, bridge.
NRM Station #ElA-93-014 Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhcium River near Uri, right river side upstream Parmpilan bridge, Uri project site tt I Date: 12 May 1993. 1100-1300 h. l.cg: E.Ahlander, P.Andcrsson el al, electrofishing. Water: pH 8.0, conductivity 140/iS/cm, oxygen 9.5 mg/l = 112%, temperature 15.8°C, turbidity 97-102 FRJ, colour gray. Comments: Swift-flowing river. Bottom: boulders and sand. Human influence: taiirace building ongoing, bridge.
NRM Station # ElA-93-01SA Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly above Lower Jheltun Barrage, left river side, Uri project site tt 7A Date: 13 May 1993,0900-1030 h. (yCg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson et al, electrofishing(boal). Water: pH 8.0, conductivity 126/iS/cm, oxygen 7.6 mg/1 = 93%. temperature 15.9 C, turbidity 57-6? I-TU. colour brown- green-gray. Comments: Moderate-flowing river. Bottom: unknown. Human influence: dam, military camp, local fishing.
NRM Station tt EIA-93-015B Identity: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: small left-side tributary creek, directly above Lower Jhelum Barrage, Uri project site tt 7B Date: 13 May 1993,0900-1030 h. I>cg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson et a], electrofishing(boat). Water: pH 8.4, conductivity 84.3 fiS/cm, oxygen 9.0 mg/1 = 105%, temperature 13.7 C, turbidity 140 FTU.
NRM Stntlon # ElA-93-016 Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly above Lower Jhelum Barrage, left river side, Uri project site it 7A Date: 13 May 1993, 1100-1200 h. Leg: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson et al, giflnet. Water: pH 8.0. conductivity 126 jiS/cm, oxygen 7.6 mg/1 = 93%, temperature 15.9 C, turbidity 57-62 FTU, colour brown- green-gray. Comments: Moderate-flowing river. Bottom: unknown. Human influence: darn, military camp, local fishing.
NRM Station tt ElA-93-017 l-ocality: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly above Lower Jhcltmi Barrage, left river side, Uri project site tt 7A Date: 13 May 1993, 1100-1200 h. l.og: P.-E Lingdell, handnet (bottom-fauna). Water: pH 8.0, conductivity 126/*S/cm, oxygen 7.6 mg/1 = 93%, temperature 15.9 C, turbidily 57-62 FI'U, colour brown - green-gray Comments: Moderate-flowing river. Bottom: unknown. Human influence: dam, military camp, local fishing.
NRM Stntlon tt ElA-93-NONUMBER Locality: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Baramulla-Uri area. Indus River drainage: Jlicluni River, at Gingal (Swedish Camp) Dale: ID May 1993, 1630-1730 h. Lee: Fiik Alilandcr, handnet. Water: Comments: 10
Tab. 4 List of material by site #:
Catalogue H NRM Field # Site H Species no. of spms. NRM 20084 ElA-93-003 - Crossochcilus diplochilus 7 NRM 20099 ElA-93-003 - Schizothorax plagiostomus 4 NRM2O1I9EIA-93-OO3 - Schizolhorax esocinus 1 NRM 23005 ElA-93-003 - Schizolhorax plagioslomus ? 2 NRM 20065 ElA-93-004 3A Glyploslernon reliculatum 5 NRM 2(X)95 ElA-93-004 3A Schizolhorax plagiosloimis 3 NRM 20096 ElA-93-004 3A Schizolhorax plagioslomtis 4 NRM 2(K)64 ElA-93-006 5 Glyplothorax pcclinoplcrus ? 1 NRM2(K)73ElA-93-006 5 Schlstura punjabensis 1 NRM 2(K)82ElA-93-006 5 Crossochcilus diplochilus 1 NRM 20100EIA-93-006 5 Schizolhorax plagiostomus 17 NRM20112EIA-93-006 5 Schizolhorax plagioslomus x ? 4 NRM20I13EIA-93-0O6 5 Schizolhorax plagioslomus 7 1 NRM20II8EIA-93-006 5 Schizolhorax esocinus 1 NRM 20057 ElA-93-007 2A Glyptothorax kashmirensis 1 NRM 20059 ElA-93-007 2A Glyplolhorax peclinoptcrus ? 4 NRM 20070 ElA-93-007 2A Triplophysa yasinensis 5 NRM 20072 ElA-93-007 2A Schislura punjabensis 2 NRM 20083 ElA-93-007 2A Crossocheilus diplochilus 27 NRM 20101 ElA-93-007 2A Schizolhorax plagioslomus 12 NRM 20105 ElA-93-007 2A Schizolhorax plagiostomus x labiatus ? 4 NRM201I0EIA-93-007 2A Schizothorax plagiostomus 24 NRM 23007 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax sp 2 NRM 23009 ElA-93-007 2A Schizolhorax plagioslomus x ? 1 NRM 23010 ElA-93-007 2A Schizolhorax plagiostomus ? 12 NRM 23013 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax labialus 1 NRM 23015 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax esocinus 4 NRM 20060 ElA-93-008 2B Glyptothorax pcclinopterus ? 2 NRM 20066 ElA-93-008 2D Glyptostemon reticulalum 2 NRM 20069 ElA-93-008 2B Triplophysa yasinensis 7 NRM 20071 ElA-93-008 2B Schislura punjabensis 22 NRM 20107EIA-93-008 2B Crossocheilus diplochilus 2 NRM 20108 ElA-93-008 2B Schizothorax plagioslomus 10 NRM 20109 ElA-93-008 2B Schizothorax plagiostomus 3 NRM 20116 ElA-93-008 2B Schizothorax labiatus 1 NRM 20122EIA-93-008 2B Schizothorax esocinus 2 NRM 23006 ElA-93-008 2B Schizothorax sp ? 1 NRM 20058 EIA-93-008D 2B Glyplothorax pectinopterus ? 1 NRM 20076 ElA-93-0080 2B Schislura punjabensis 5 NRM20123EIA-93-009 - Schizothorax esocinus 2 NRM 23001 ElA-93-009 - Schtzolhorax sp 1 NRM 23011 El A-93-009 - Schizothorax plagioslomus x 2 NRM 230I2EIA-93-OO9 _ Schizothorax labiatus 1 11
Catalogue ft NRM Field » Uri.Sile # Species no. of spms NRM 20093 ElA-93-010 6 Schizothorax plagloslomus 8 NRM 20056 ElA-93-011 6 Glyptolhorax kashmirensis 19 NRM 20092 ElA-93-0ll 6 Schizothorax plagiostomus 2 NRM20117EIA-93-011 6 Schizothorax esoclnus 1 NRM 20061 ElA-93-012 4 Glyplothorax pcclinoplerus ? 2 NRM 20106 ElA-93-012 4 Schizolhorax plagiostomus 7 NRM 23004 ElA-93-012 4 Schizothorax sp. 1 NRM 20063 ElA-93-013 Glyptothorax pcclinopterus ? 1 NRM2(K)75ElA-93-013 Schislura punjabcnsis 1 NRM 20102 ElA-93-013 Schizothorax plagioslonuis 9 NRM20068EIA-93-014 Triplophysa yasinensis 1 NRM 20079 ElA-93-014 Crossocheilus diplochilus 5 NRM 20094 ElA-93-014 Schizothorax plagiostomus 5 NRM20115EIA-93-014 Schizothorax sp. ? 1 NRM 23002 ElA-93-014 1 Schizolhorax sp 1 NRM 20078 ElA-93-015A 7A Cyprinus carpio 3 NRM 20081 EIA-93-015A 7A Cross ocheilus diplochilus 41 NRM 20091 EIA-93-015A 7A Schizothorax plagiostomus 17 NRM201I1E1A-93-015A 7A Schizolhorax plagiostomus 13 NRM 20121 EIA-93-015A 7A Schizothorax esocinus 4 NRM 20124 EIA-93-015A 7A Schizolhorax esocinus 1 NRM 23008 EIA-93-015A 7A Schizolhorax sp 20 NRM 23016 EIA-93-015A 7A Schizolhorax esocinus 1 NRM 20067 EIA-93-015B 7B Triplophysa yasinensis 4 NRM 20077 EIA-93-015B 7B Schistura punjabcnsis 1 NRM 20120 ElA-93-016 7A Schizothorax esocinus 1 NRM 20074 ElA-93-017 - Schistura punjabcnsis 2 NRM 20062 ElA-93-NONUMM -- Glyplothorax pectinoplerus ? 1 12
Tab 5. Systematic list of material:
Cyprinldae: Catalogue ft NRM Field ft Uri Site U Species no. of spnis. NRM 20084 ElA-93-003 Crossochellus diplochilus 7 NRM 20079 ElA-93-014 1 Crossocheilus diplochilus 5 NRM 20083 ElA-93-007 2A Crossocheilus diplochilus 27 NRM 20107 ElA-93-008 2B Crossocheilus diplochilus 2 NRM 20082 E[A-93-006 5 Crossocheilus diplochilus I NRM2(K)81ElA-93-015A 7A Crossochcilus diplochilus 41 NRM 20078 EIA-93-0I5A 7A Cyprinus carpio 3 NRM201I9E1A-93-003 - Schizothorax csoclnus 1 NRM20I23EIA-93-009 Schizothorax esocinus 2 NRM 23015 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax csocinus 4 NRM20I22EIA-93-008 2B Schizothorax esocinus 2 NRM201I8EIA-93-006 5 Schizothorax esocinus 1 NRM20ll7ElA-93-011 6 Schizothorax esocinus 1 NRM 20121 ElA-93-015A 7A Schizothorax esocinus 4 NRM 20124 EIA-93-015A 7A Schizolhorax esocinus 1 NRM 23016EIA-93-015A 7A Schizothorax esocinus 1 NRM 20120 ElA-93-016 7A Schizothorax esocinus 1 NRM 23012 ElA-93-009 Schizothorax labiatus 1 NRM 23013 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax labiatus 1 NRM20U6EIA-93-008 2B Schizothorax labiatus 1 NRM 20099 ElA-93-003 Schizothorax plagiostomus 4 NRM 23005 ElA-93-003 Schizothorax plagiostomus ? 2 NRM 20102 ElA-93-013 1 Schizothorax plagiostomus 9 NRM 20094 ElA-93-014 1 Schizothorax plagiostomus 5 NRM 20101 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax plagiostomus 12 NRM 20110 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax plagiostomus 24 NRM 23010 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax plagioslomus ? 12 NRM 20108 ElA-93-008 2B Schizothorax plagioslomus 10 NRM 20109 ElA-93-008 2B Schizothorax plagiostomus 3 NRM 20095 ElA-93-004 3A Schizothorax plagiostomus 3 NRM 20096 ElA-93-004 3A Schizothorax plagiostomus 4 NRM 20106 ElA-93-012 4 Schizothorax plagioslomus 7 NRM 20100 ElA-93-006 5 Schizothorax plRgioslomus 17 NRM20113EIA-93-006 5 Schizothorax plagiostomus ? 1 NRM 20093 ElA-93-010 6 Schizothorax plagiostomus 8 NRM 20092 ElA-93-011 6 Schizothorax plagioslomus 2 NRM20091EIA-93-015A 7A Schizothorax plagiostonuis 17 NRM2O1I1EIA-93-O15A 7A Schizolhorax plagiostomus 13 NRM 230I1EIA-93-009 Schlzothorax plagioslomus x 2 NRM 23009ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax plagiostomus x ? 1 NRM 20112EIA-93-006 5 Schizothorax plagioslomus x ? 4 NRM 20105 ElA-93-007 2A Schizothorax plagiostomus x labiatus ? 4 NRM 23001 ElA-93-009 Schizothorax sp 1 NRM 23002 ElA-93-014 1 Schizolhorax sp 1 NRM 2O1I5E1A-93-O14 1 Schlzothorax sp ? 1 NRM 2 M)07 ElA-93-007 2A Schizolhorax sp 2 NRM 23006 ElA-93-008 2D Schizolhorax sp ? 1 NRM 23004 ElA-93-012 4 Schizolhorax sp 1 NRM 23008 ElA-93-015A 7A Schizothotax sp ?.() 13
IlitlUotidac: Calalogue # NRM Field H Uri Site H Species no. of spms. NRM 20074 ElA-93-017 - Schistura punjabensis 2 NRM 20075 EtA-93-013 1 Schistura punjabensis 1 NRM 20072 ElA-93-007 2A Schistura punjabensis 2 NRM 20071 ElA-93-008 2B Schistura punjabensis 22 NRM 20076 ElA-93-008B 2B Schlslura punjabensis 5 NRM 20073 ElA-93-006 5 Schistura punjabensis 1 NRM 20077 EIA-93-015B 7B Schistura punjabensis 1 NRM 20068 ElA-93-014 1 THplophysa yasinensis 1 NRM2(X)70ElA-93-007 2A THplophysa yasinensis 5 NRM 20069 ElA-93-008 2B Trlplophysa yasinensis 7 NRM 20067 EIA-93-015B 7B Triplophysa yasinensis 4
Slsorldne: Catalogue H NRM Field tt Uri Site # Species no. of spms. NRM 20066 ElA-93-008 2B Glyploslernon reticulalum 2 NRM 20065 ElA-93-004 3A Glyptosternon reticulalum 5 NRM 20057 ElA-93-007 2A Glyptothorax kashmirensis 1 NRM 20056 ElA-93-011 6 Glyptothorax kashmirensis 19 NRM 20062 ElA-93-NONUM Glyptothorax pectinopterus ? 1 NRM 20063 EtA-93-013 I Glyptothorax pectinopterus ? 1 NRM 20059 ElA-93-007 2A Glyptothorax pectinopterus ? 4 NRM 20060 E[A-93-008 2B Glyptolhorax pectinopterus ? 2 NRM 20058 EIA-93-008B 2B Glyptothorax pectinopterus ? 1 NRM 20061 ElA-93-012 4 Glyplothorax pectinopterus ? 2 NRM 20064 ElA-93-006 5 Glyplothorax peclinopterus ? 1
References
Das, S.M. & B.A. Subla, 1963. The Ichthyofauna of Kashmir: Part I. "History, topography, origin, ecology and general distribution". Ichthyologla 2(l-2):87-106.
Day. F. 1876. On the fishes of Yarkand. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876: 781-807
Day. F. 1878. The fishes of India. London. 2 vols. 778 pp., 195 pis.
Fnicdar, D.N. & M.Y. Quadil, 1974. Fish and fisheries of Kashmir and the impact of carp, Cyprinus carpio, on Ihe endemic fishes. J. Sci. Univ. Kashmir, 2(1-2): 79-90.
Mora. S.L., 1936B. On a further collection of fish from the Naga hills. Rec. Indian Mus. 38(3):317-331. llcckcl, J.J.. 1838. Fische BUS Caschmir. Wicn. 112 pp. Opiates.
M'Clclland. J., 1839. Indian Cyprinidae. Asiatic Res. Calcutta 19(2):217-471, pi. 37-61.
M'Clclland. J., 1842. On the fresh-water fishes collected by William Griffith, Esq.. F.L.S. Madras Medical Service, during his iravels under Ihe orders of Ihe Supreme Government of India, from 1R35-1842. Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. Misc. Arts Sci. 2:560- SRV
Mcuon. A.G.K., 1987. Fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces, Vol. IV Teleostci - Cobitoidca. Par! 1 llniiialoplcridac. Calcutta. 259 pp. 16 pis.
Misra. K S.. 1949. A note on the systematic position of two c.yprinid fishes of the genus Oreinus McClelland from Kashmir J Zool. Soc. India l(l):39-40. pi. 1. 14 i
Mukcrji, D.D., 1936. (Yale North India expedition) Report on fishes. Pait II: Sisoridae and Cyprinidae. Mem. Conn. Ac<\d. K) (18):323-359
Nalh. S.. 1986. A check-list of fishes of Jantmu and Kashmir Stale (India) with remarks on the Ichthyogcography of Ihc state. J. Zool. Soc. India 38(l-2):83-98.
Saxcna, D.D. & B.N. Koul, 1966. Fish and fisheries of Jammu and Kashmir Stale, Part I: Fisheries resources and problems. Ichthyologica. 5(1-2): 45-52. (Not seen).
Silas, E.G.. 1960. Fishes from the Kashmir Valley. Journal of the Bombay Natural Hislory Society, 57 (1): 66-77.
SvSrclson. G., 1979. Spcciatlon of Scandinavian Coregonus. Rep. Inst. Freshw. Res. Drotlnlnghohn, (57): 1-95.
Talwar. P.K. & A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland Fishes. New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta. 2 vols. 1158 pp.
Wu Y., 1984. Systematic sluaics {sic) on the cyprinld fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae from China, (in Chinese) Acta Biol. Plateau Sinica. (3): 119-140. Fishes collected in Kashmir, July 1994
Report 8 December, 1994 Erik Ahlander Department of Vertebrate Zoology Swedish Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 50007 S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, Sweden Telephone X46-8-6664118 FaxX46-8-6664212 email [email protected]
Introduction The Vertebrate Department of the Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM) is responsible for the taxonomic analysis of catches of fin fish collected by teams conducting the Aquatic Environmental Assessment of the Uri Hydropower Project. The Uri Dam and Tunnel is being constructed in the River Jhelum in Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir State, India (Map 1-3). The first field study was made 10 November - 3 December, 1990 with A. Silfvergrip representing NRM. The second and third trips, were made 30 April - 20 May, 1993 and 27 June - 17 July, 1994 respectively, both with E. Ahlander as NRM participant. This is the report on the third trip. Since the knowledge of these fish has increased a lot during this study, a summary of the collections made so far, following the present nomenclature, is included. Since the political situation in Kashmir basically is equal today as in 1993 it was not possible to perform any fishing upstream the Lower Jhelum Barrage. Consequently, only the lotic collecting sites #1-7 were covered (cf. discussion and map in previous report dated August 12, 1993). Altogether we collected and preserved 904 specimens of fish, representing 16 collecting events. Out of these 904 specimens, 580 were collected from programmed sites with weight and total length measured in the field. Additional 324 specimens (Field numbers: EIA-94-07B, EIA-94-12, EIA-94-13, and EIA- 94-14) were collected for taxonomic purposes, including electrophoresis and samples for future DNA analysis. Altogether 15 species have been reported during the three collecting trips (1990, 1993, 1994) of which 13 were collected during the last journey.
Field team:
Erik Ahlander, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden Paul Andersson, Institute of Applied Environmental Research, Solna, Sweden S.S. Bist, National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd., New Delhi, India Vineet Diddi, National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd., Gantamulla, India Olof Enderlein, Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, Sweden A.R. Yousuf, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India Itinerary
27 June Enderlein, Andersson, and Ahlander joined in the morning at the Arlanda Airport. After a short stop at Zurich Airport we arrived at Indira Gandhi International 2310 h local time, and headed for our hotel. 28 June New Delhi. Meeting with Jan Essner at the Swedish Embassy. 29 June Left by air for Srinagar. Continued by busses with military escort to the Swedish camp in Gingal, arriving in the evening. 30 June Unpacking and checking equipment. 1 July Searching for stored equipment. 2 July Electrofishing at Gingal (site ft 2) failed. Efforts to repair one of our two electrofishing gears continued for the rest of our stay. 3 July Electrofishing at site # 3A and 3B, the clear tributary stream Buniyar Nalla. 4 July Electrofishing at Jhclum River left and right bank at tailrace, site # 1. 5 July Electrofishing in Jhelum River at the old Mohara Power Station intake, Uri site # 4, and upstream Chala Bridge, site U 5, (site moved from downstream to upstream bridge since last year.) 6 July Electrofishing at Gingal, site # 2. 7 July Electrofishing at Lower Jhelum Barrage (site # 6 & 7) and gillnets at site ff 6. 8 July Gillnets at site # 7. Also electrofishing upstream Lower Jhelum Barrage (near site # 7) for fish-tagging. Meeting with Mr. N. Visvanathan, general manager for National Hydroelectric Power Corp. Ltd. in Gantamulla and part of his staff. 9 July Fishing with dipnets in fishladder at Lower Jhelum Barrage. 10 July Sunday, resting 11 July Electrofishing in Limbar Nalla, a tributary upstream site # 4, and at Gingal (near site ft 2) for electrophoresis- and DNA-sampling. 12 July Packing. Lecture "Fish and fishing in Jhelum" in the evening for the Gingal staff. 13 July With military convoy to Srinagar. By air to Delhi, arriving to the hotel at dawn. 17 July Departure from Delhi. By air via Amsterdam to Stockholm. Nomenclatural comments In the previous report (August 12,1993) the systematic problems with the schizothoracin fishes were briefly discussed. Here follows some additional notes, as well as the present nomenclature followed. As previously stated, a revision of the Kashmir valley schizothoracins is needed. The fishes presents a variability which might be seen as the result of hybridization (eg. Hora, 1934; Mukerji, 1936) or an intraspecific plasticity as it is interpreted among some salmonids eg. Salvelinus (cf. eg. Sandlund et al., 1992). The material from the last three trips (1990, 1993, and 1994) includes 189 lots with a total of 1403 specimens of schizothoracin fishes stored at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. In this museum is stored also a few additional specimen collected in 1953 by David Hummel in the Srinagar area. The present material is large enough to base a revision on. It is however far beyond the scope of this project to perform this revision. Consequently the identifications are still tentative; presently the following nominal schizothoracine species are recognized:
Schizothorax curvifrons, Heckel, 1838 - a species or group of species dominating in lentic waters. Specimens found in lotic waters are usually smaller and less variable than are specimens from the lakes. Schizothorax esocinus, Heckel, 1838 - a piscivorus species which occurs in small numbers more or less everywhere. Variable. Schizothorax labiatus (M'Clelland, 1842) and Schizothorax plagiostomus Heckel, 1838 - intermediate forms between these two specics/morphs are reported on several times (eg. Hora, 1934; Mukcrji, 1936) and arc abundant in (he present material. The intermediate forms are reported as "S. labiatus x" or "S. plagiostomus x" depending on which "parental form" it is in the most agreement with. Updated checklist of fishes from the Kashmir Valley proper with remarks when deviating from list 1993:
Salmo trutta Introduced, present slatus unknown. Oncorynchus mykiss Introduced, present status unknown. Salvelinus namaycush Introduced, present status unknown. Salvelinus fontinalis Introduced, present status unknown. Cyprinus carpio Introduced Carassius carassius Introduced, no reference specimen known, although it is said to be common in some of the lakes. Labeo diplostomus Labeo dero might be a senior synonym. Punlius conchonius Introduced. Schizotlwrax curvifrons see comments above Schizothorax esocinus see comments above Schizothorax labiatus see comments above Schizothorax plagiostomus see comments above Crossocheilus diplochilus Botia birdi Schistura punjabensis Triplophysa marmorata ? Triplophysa gracilis ? Triplophysa yasinensis The number of Triplophysa species in Kashmir valley is uncertain. T. marmorata, T. gracilis, and T. yasinensis might be present. The identification in this report is tentative. Glyptoihorax kashmirensis Glyptothorax pectinopterus Glyptosternon reticulatum Gambusia holbrooki Introduced, collected 1990.
Acknowledgements
Mr. Jan Essner, Swedish International Development Authority in New Delhi, Dr. B.S.K. Naidu, National Hydroelectrical Power Corporation Ltd. in New Delhi, Mr. B.A. Mir, Uri Civil, Srinagar, and Mr. Stig Holmqvist and staff, Uri Civil, Gingal facilitated our stay and our work in Kashmir. The fish group at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm supplied with criticism on the taxonomy.
References
HECKEL, J.J., 1838. Fische aus Caschmir. Wien. 112 pp. 13 plates. HORA, S.L., 1934. The Fish of Chitral. Rec. Indian Mus., 36(3):279-319. M'CLELLAND, J., 1842. On the fresh-water fishes collected by William Griffith, Esq., F.L.S. Madras Medical Service, during his travels under the orders of the Supreme Government of India, from 1835-1842. Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. Misc. Arts ScL 2:560-589. MUKERJI, D.D., 1936. (Yale North India expedition) Report on fishes. Part II: Sisoridae and Cyprinidae. Mem Conn. Acad. 10 (l8):323-359 SANDLUND, O.T. et al. 1992. The arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus inThingvallavatn. Oikos 64(1-2): 305-351.
List of appendices:
A. All data printout for each lot, site by site (systematic order within site)
B. Tables, number of specimens preserved, crosstabulation species by site #. 1. Collection L990 2. Collection 1993 3. Collection 1994 4. Total 1990-1994
C. Station lists: 1. Collection 1990 2. Collection 1993 3. Collection 1994 rage i ui museum oi natural nisiory, oiouKiioim - wnm 8 December 19< Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 1
NRM 30124 Crossocheilus diplochilus 8 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri. left bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* 1 ] Fid. #: EIA-94-03 4 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34'5'42-N 74°3'10"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity S3 Te/f. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 4O-5Om. Area fished 2i0sqm. 105 m. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Construction area. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30362 Crossocheilus diplochilus 25 Alcohol, o Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri. right bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* 1 ] Rd. #: EIA-94-04 4 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°5>42"N 74'3'10'E Oet: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Attitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 4O-5Om. Area fished 214sqm. 107 m, depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes Primary remarks:
NRM 30398 Schizothorax curvifrons 1 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri. right bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site# 1 ] Fid. #: EIA-94-O4 4 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°5'42'N 74°3'10*E Det:E. Ahlarder/1994 - Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 40-50m. Area fished 214sqm. 107 m. depth to 1,5m. No shadow. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30121 Schizothorax esocinus 1 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Uri. left bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) (Uri site* 1 ] Fid. #: EIA-94-03 4 July 1994 Collectors: E Ahlander et al. 34'542'N 74'3'10-E Oet: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 40-50m. Area fished 210sqm. 10S m, depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Construction area. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30361 Schizothorax esocinus 1 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Uri. right bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* 1 ] Fid. #: EIA-94-04 4 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°542"N 74'3'10'E Oet: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 40-50m. Area fished 214sqm. 107 m. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Land vegetation herbs. Sank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30123 Schizothorax labiatus 1 Alcohol, 0 Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Uri. left bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* I) Fid. #: EIA-94-03 4 Jury 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34O5"42*N 74°3>10*E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 40-S0m. Area fished 210sqm. 105 m. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Construction area. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation Bottom boulders Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30122 Schizothorax plagiostomus 4 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri, left bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* 1 ] Fid. #: EIA-94-O3 4 July 1994 Collectors: E Ahlander et al. 34<>5'42"N 74°3'10'E Det: E. Ahlandor/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 40-50m. Area fished 210sqm. 105 m. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Construction area. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation Bottom boulders Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: Page 2 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 1
NRM 30360 Schizothorax plagiostomus 13 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S 40.2-260 mm si Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu 4 Kashmir, Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Uri. right bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site# 1] Fid. #: EIA-94-04 4 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°5<42'N 74°3'10'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 4O-50m. Area fished 214sqm 107 m depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes Primary remarks:
NRM 30365 Schistura punjabensis 2 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri, right bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* 1] Fid. #: EIA-94-04 4 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°5f42'N 74°3>10'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Attitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 40-50m. Area fished 214sqm. 107 m. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30364 Triplophysa yasinensis 14 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jarr.mu & Kashmir, Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Uri. right bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* 1 ] Fid. #: EIA-94-04 4 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°5'42"N 74°3'10'E Det: E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 4O-50m. Area fished 214sqm. 107 m. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30363 Glyptothorax pectinopterus 4 Alcohol, o Skel. o c&s Nation, Province: INDIA, Jamrr.u & Kashmir, Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri, right bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site# 1] Fid. #: EIA-94-04 4 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°5'42"N 74°3>10'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 40-50m. Area fished 214sqm. 107 m. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: Page 1 of 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199< Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 2A
NRM 30130 Crossocheilus diplochilus 41 Alcohol, OSkel. OC&S "~ Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site# 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07A 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34V34"N 74°5136'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sqm, depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A = Specimens included in EIA survey and measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30152 Crossocheilus diplochilus 20 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jamrr.i: & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site# 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07B 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74°5'36*E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm, depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand 7A = Specimens included in EIA and measured: 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30153 Crossocheilus diplochilus a Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site# 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07B 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74°5-36"E Det:E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sgm, depth 1m. Mo shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A = Specimens included in EIA and measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30201 Crossocheilus diplochilus 2 Alcohol, 0 Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Janrr.u & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gingal Fid. #: E1A-94-14 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34*N 74°5"36"E Def. E. Ahlarder/19S4 Locality remarks: Coodinates=E!A-94-07 which is c. 1km downstream EIA-94-14. Altitude c. 1300 masl. Some specimens sampled eye. muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis. Primary remarks:
NRM 30128 Schizothorax curvifrcns 16 Alcohol, 0 Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jamrr.u & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07A 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34-N 74"5I36"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm. depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand 7A = Specimens included in EIA survey and measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks: Some spms. slightly papillated on lower lip.
NRM 30157 Schizothorax curvifrcns 5 Alcohol, 0 Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jarr.rr.i; & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelur.i River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri srte# 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07B 6 July-.994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74°5'36*E Det: E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm, depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand 7A = Specimens included in EIA ana measured: 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30161 Schizothorax curvifrcns 2 Alcohol, 0 Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jarnr-.i: & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhel^m Piver at Gingal Fid. #: EIA-94-14 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34*N 74"5'36"E Det: E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Coodinaies = BA-94-07 which is c 1km downstream ElA-94-14 Altitude c 1300 masl Some specimens sampled eye. muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for ONA analysis. Primary remarks: Page 2 of 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 2A
NRM 30390 Schizothorax curvifrons 4 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gingal Fid. #: EIA-94-14 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34V34"N 74°5"36"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Coodinates = EIA-94-07 which is c. 1 km downstream EIA-94-14. Altitude c. 1300 masl. Some specimens sampled eye, muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis. Primary remarks: DNA and electrophoresis samples E 029-032 (eye. muscle, liver).
NRM 30126 Schizothorax asocinus 9 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S 81 e-263 mmst. Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07A 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34V34"N 74°5-36"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sqm, depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A = Specimens included in EIA survey and measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30156 Schizothorax esocinus 3 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S 79.6-119.3 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07B 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34V34"N 74°5"36'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altirude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deap Area fisheo 180sqm, depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand 7A= Specimens included in EIA and measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30127 Schizothorax labiatus 8 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jamrr.u & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07A 6 Jury 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34<7'34"N 74°5'36"E Det: E. Ahlandar/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sqm. depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A- Specimens included in EIA survey and measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks: Some spms. with '*S. sinuatus*-type' mouth.
NRM 30391 Schizothorax plagiostomus 14 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07A 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74°5'36"E Oet: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sqm. depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7 A - Specimens included in EIA survey and measured: 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks: Some spms. with '*S. sinuatus*-type' mouth/ElA. 1994.
NRM 30158 Schizothorax plagiostomus 5 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jarr.rr.u & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07B 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34*N 74°5'36"E Det: E. Ahlar.der/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm. depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand 7A = Specimens included in EIA ana measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured Primary remarks: One spm. with '*S. sinuatus* type' mouth/ElA, 1994.
NRM 30160 Schizothorax plagicstomus 2 Alcohol. 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Ginga! Indus River drainage Jhelum River at Gingal Fid. #: EIA-94-14 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34*N 74"5'36"E Det: E. Ahlar.der/19S4 Locality remarks: Coodina'.es = ElA-94-07 which is c. 1km downstream EIA-94-14. Altitude c. 1300 masl Some specimens sampled eye. muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis. Primary remarks: Page 3 of 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 2A
NRM 30140 Schizothorax sp 1 Alcohol, o Skel. 0 C&S juv. Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site# 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-O7B 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34V34'N 74°5'36'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about IS m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sgm, depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A = Specimens included in ElA and measured: 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30159 Schizothorax sp. 'Mopskopf 1 Alcohol, o Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jheljm River at Gingal Fid. #: EiA-94-14 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74°5"36'E Det: E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Ccoc:nates = EIA-94-07 which is c. 1km downstream EIA-94-14. Altitude c. 1300 masl. Some specimens sampled eye, muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis. Primary remarks:
NRM 30149 Schizothorax sp 1 Alcohol, o Skel. 0 C&S juv Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gingal Fid. #: EIA-94-14 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34"N 74°5'36-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Coodinates=EIA-94-07 which is c. 1 km downstream EIA-94-14. Altitude c. 1300 masl. Some specimens sampled eye, muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis. Primary remarks:
NRM 31203 Schizothorax sp 3 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S 23.8-26.6 mmSL Nation, Province: INDIA, Jamrr.u & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07A 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74-5'36'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm, depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A= Specimens included in ElA survey and measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks: Juveniles/EIA, 1994.
NRM 30133 Schistura punjabensis 5 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07A 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 7405'36-E Det: E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm, depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand 7A = Specimens included in ElA survey and measured: 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30154 Schistura punjabensis 6 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jamrr.-j & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jheljm River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07B 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34'7'34'N 74°5"36-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altrcude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm, depth 1 m. No shaoow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand 7A = Specimens included in ElA and measured; 7B= Specimens not included, not measured Primary remarks:
NRM 30134 Triplophysa yasinensis 5 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jarnrru & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jheljm River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07A 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74°536-E Det: E. Ahlar.der/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm. depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land w«h occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A = Specimens included in ElA survey and measured; 7B= Specimens not included not measured Primary remarks: Page 4 of 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 2A
NRM 30392 Glyptothorax kashmirensis 1 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jamrriu & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-O7A 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74°5-36"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sqm, depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A = Specimens included in EIA survey and measured; 78= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30132 Glyptothorax pectinopterus 27 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site* 2A| Fid. #: EIA-94-O7A 6 Jury 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34"7134"N 74°5'36'E Det: E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sqm, depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A- Specimens included in EIA survey and measured; 7B- Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks:
NRM 30155 Glyptothorax pectinoptsrus 6 Alcohol, o Skel. o c&s Nation, Province: INDIA, Janrr.u & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelurn River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal, sidestream [Uri site# 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07B 6 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34-N 74°5'36"E Det: E. Ahlar.dar/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sqm, depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fin» sard. 7A = Specimens included in EIA and measured; 78= Specimens not included, not measured. Primary remarks: Page 1 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199' Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 3A
NRM 30281 Schizothorax labiatus 1 Alcohol, o Skei. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Buniyar Nalla. upstream workers' camp, side stream 8 [Uri site# 3A] Fid. #: EIA-94-02B 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'3'N 74°11 '22'E Det: E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1 -5m. Depth 0.1 -1 0m. Area fished 250sqm (incl EIA-94-02A), depth 0.1-1.0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: "*S. sinuatus*-type' mouth/ElA. 1994.
NRM 30282 Schizothorax plagicstomus 24 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jarr.rru & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: jhel jm River, Buniyar Nalla, upstream workers' camp, side stream B [Uri site* 3A] Fid. #: EIA-94-02B 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7<3"N 74°11 '22"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1-5m. Depth 0.1-1 0m. Area fished 250sqm (incl EIA-94-02A), depth 0.1-1,0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: Some spms. with '*S. sinuatus*-type' mouth/ElA, 1994.
NRM 30283 Schizothorax plagicstomus 19 Alcohol, o Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jarnrr.u & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Buniyar Nalla, upstream workers' camp, side stream B [Uri site* 3A] Fid. #: EIA-94-02B 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'3"N 74°1 T22"E Det: E. Ahlander/19S4 Locality remarks: Attitude c. 1500 rnasl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1 -5m. Depth 0.1 -1 .Om. Area fished 250sqm (incl E1A-94-O2A), depth 0.1-1.0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30276 Schizothorax Sp 3 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S juv. Nation, Province: INDIA, Jamrr.u & Kashmir. 8oniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Buniyar Nalla, upstream workers' camp, side stream A [Uri site* 3A] Fid. #: EIA-94-02A 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'3"N 74°11 '22-£ Det: E. Ahlande.-/1SS4 Locality remarks: Attitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1-5m. Area fished 250sqm (incl EIA-94- 02B), depth 0.1 -1.0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: Probabiy *S. plagiostomus'/ElA, 1994.
NRM 31415 Schizothorax sp 2 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S larvae Nation, Province: INDIA. Jamrr.u & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhel'jm River, Buniyar Nalla. upstream workers' camp, side stream A [Uri srte# 3A) Fid. #: EIA-94-02A 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'3'N 74°11'22'E Det: E. Ahlar.der/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. ! 500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1 -5m. Area fished 250sqm (incl EIA-94- 02B), depth 0.1-1.0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders. Local fishing yes Primary remarks:
NRM 30284 Schizothorax sp 19 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S juv Nation. Province: INDIA. Janrr.u & Kashmir, 3oniyar Indus River d.-ainage Jhel'jm River. Buniyar Nalla. upstream workers' camp, side stream B (Uri srte# 3A) Fid. #: EIA-9402B 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al 34°7'3"N 74°11'22'E Det: E. Ahlarde'/19S4 Locality remarks: Altitude o. ". 500 masl Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1 -5m Depth 0.1-1 Om Area fished 250sqm (incl EIA-94-02A). depth 0.1 -1.0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders Local fishing yes. Primary remarks
NRM 30277 Schistura punjabensis 9 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province !\'D!A. Jair.rr.u & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drs.:iage Jhelum River. Buniyar Nalla, upstream workers' camp, side stream A [Uri site# 3A] Fid. #: EIA-94-02A 3 July 1994 Collectors: E Ahlander et al. 34°7'3-N 74°11'22*E Det: E. Ahlar.de.713S4 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1-5m Area fished 250sqm (incl EIA-94- 02B), depth 0.1-1 .Om. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders Local fishing yes Primary remarks: Page 2 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 3A
NRM 30286 Schistura punjabensis 6 Alcohol, 0 Skei. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Buniyar Nalla, upstream workers' camp, side stream 8 [Uri site* 3A] Fid. #: EIA-94-02B 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'3"N 74MT22-E Det:E. Ahlander/199-; Locality remarks: Arthude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1-5m. Depth 0.1-1.0m. Area lished 250sqm (incl EIA-94-02A), depth 0.1 -1.0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders Local fishing yes. Primary remarks:
NRM 30285 Glyptosternon raticulatum 3 Alcohol, o Skei. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, 3oniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Buniyar Nalla, upstream workers' camp, side stream B [Uri site# 3A] Fid. #:EIA-94-02B 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7>3*N 74°11 '22"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1 -5m. Depth 0.1 -1 .Om. Area fished 250sqm (incl EIA-94-02A), depth 0.1-1.0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: Page 1 of 1 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 19i Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 3B
NRM 30278 Schizothorax plagiostomus 6 Alcohol, o Skei. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank of Buniyar Nalla, downstream workers's camp [Uri site* 3B] Fid. #: EIA-94-01 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'38"N 74°11 '8"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 70 Te/f. Slope 2%? Current fast. Width ca 10 m. Waste from workers's camp Area fished oOOsqm, depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: Warts on nose on some specimens.
NRM 30279 Schizothorax sp 15 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S juv Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank of Buniyar Nalla, downstream workers's camp (Uri site* 3B] Fid. #: EIA-94-01 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34V38'N 74"11'8'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 70 Te/f. Slope 2%? Current fast. Width ca 10 m. Waste from workers's camp Area fished BOOsqm. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: Probably *S. plagiostomus*/ElA, 1994.
NRM 30280 Schistura punjabensis 1 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank of Buniyar Nalla, downstream workers's camp [Uri site* 38] Fid. #: EIA-94-01 3 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34C7"38"N 74-11 8'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 70 Te/f. Slope 2%? Current fast. Width ca 10 m. Waste from workers's camp. Area fished oOOsqm. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. Primary remarks: Page 1 of 1 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 4
NRM 30378 Crossocheilus diplochilus 23 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank at Mohara Power Station intake [Uri site* 4] Fid. #: EIA-94-05 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35"N 74°10-58-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1450 masl. Turbidity 60 Te/f. Slope ca 2%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 25-30m. Area lished 270sam 90 m, depth to 2m. No shadow. Bottom sand-boulders. Human influence: old intake, huge new intake under construction ' Primary remarks:
NRM 30377 Schizothorax esocinus 3 Alcohol, o Skel. o c&s Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank at Mohara Power Station intake [Uri site* 4] Fid. #: EIA-94-05 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35"N 74°10t58"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1450 masl. Turbidity 60 Te/f. Slope ca 2%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 25-30m. Area fished 270sqm 90 m, depth to 2m. No shadow. Bottom sand-boulders. Human influence: old intake, huge new intake under construction ' Primary remarks:
NRM 30376 Schizothorax plagiostomus 12 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&s 61.8-259 mmSL Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank at Mohara Power Station intake [Uri site* 4] Fid. #: EIA-94-05 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35-N 74°10'58-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1450 masl. Turbidity 60 Te/f. Slope ca 2%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 25-30m. Area fished 27Osqm 90 m, depth to 2m. No shadow. Bottom sand-boulders. Human influence: old intake, huge new intake under construction. Primary remarks: One very slender specimen has pigment in the anal fin. The smallest spm. with 'mopskopf One spm with *S sinuatus*-type' mouth/ElA, 1994.
NRM 30380 Schistura punjabensis 4 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&s Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank at Mohara Power Station intake [Uri site* 4] Fid. #: EIA-94-05 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35"N 74°10>58-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1450 masl. Turbidity 60 Te/f. Slope ca 2%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 25-30m. Area fished 270sqm 90 m. depth to 2m. No shadow. Bottom sand-boulders. Human influence: old intake, huge new intake under construction. Primary remarks:
NRM 30381 Triplophysa yasinensis 6 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 c&s Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank at Mohara Power Station intake [Uri site* 4] Fid. #: EIA-94-05 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35'N 74°10-58"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1450 masl. Turbidity 60 Te/f. Slope ca 2%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 25-30m. Area fished 27Osqm 90 m. depth to 2m. No shadow. Bottom sand-boulders. Human influence: old intake, huge new intake under construction Primary remarks:
NRM 30379 Glyptothorax pectinopterus 3 Alcohol. 0 Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank at Mohara Power Station intake [Uri site* 4] Fid. #. EIA-94-05 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35"N 74°10'58"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1450 masl. Turbidity 60 Te/f Slope ca 2%. Current ca 1000cum/s Width ca 25-30m Area fished 27Osqm 90 m. depth to 2m. No shadow. Bottom sand-boulders. Human influence: old intake huge new intake under construction Primary remarks: Paqe 1 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 5
NRM 30370 CfOSSOCheilus diplochilus 19 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INOIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge. [Uri site* S] Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°9'3'N 74o12-3-E Det:E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 30m Area fished 328sam 82m depth 1,5m. No shadow. ' ' Primary remarks:
NRM 30371 Cyprinus carpio 1 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INOIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge, [Uri site# 5] Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°9f3"N 74°12'3'E Def. E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 30m Area fished 328sqm 82m depth 1.5m. No shadow. Primary remarks:
NRM 30369 Schizothorax curvifrons 2 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge. [Uri site# 5] Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 3409>3-N 74C12'3"E Det:E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 30m. Area fished 328sqm. 82m. depth 1.5m. No shadow. Primary remarks:
NRM 30368 Schizothorax esocinus 3 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S 80.2-144. Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge, [Uri site# 5] Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34'9'3-N 74°12'3'E Det-.E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 30m. Area fished 326sqm. 82m. depth ' .5m. No shadow. Primary remarks:
NRM 30367 Schizothorax labiatus 3 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge, [Uri site* 5} Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34"9-3-N 74"1213-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 30m Area fished 328sqm. 82m depth 1.5m. No shadow. Primary remarks: One spm. with '*S. sinuatus*-type' mouth/ElA. 1994.
NRM 30366 Schizothorax plagiostomus 16 Alcohol, 0 Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge. [Uri site# 5] Fid. # EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°9'3-N 74M23-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s Width ca 30m Area fished 328sqm 82m depth 1.5m. No shadow.
Primary remarks: At least one spm. with *S. smuatus'-type mouth/ElA, 1994.
NRM 30374 Schizothorax sp 8 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S ,uv. Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge. [Uri site* 5] Fid. if: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°9'3"N 74°12'3*E Det. E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s Width ca 30m Area fished 328sqm 82m depth 1.5m. No shadow. Primary remarks: Page 2 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 5
NRM 30372 Schistura punjabensis 1 Alcohol, o Skei. o c&s Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge, [Uri site# 5] Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34'9'3'N 74°12'3"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 30m Area fished 328sqm 82m depth 1 5m. No shadow. Primary remarks:
NRM 30373 Triplophysa yasinensis 3 Alcohol, o Skei. o c&s Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge, [Uri site* 5] Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°9-3'N 74"12'3-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 30m. Area fished 328sqm 82m depth 1.5m. No shadow. Primary remarks:
NRM 30375 Glyptothorax pectinopterus 1 Alcohol, o Skei. o c&s Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge. [Uri site* 5] Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 Collectors. E. Ahlander et al. 3459>3'N 74C12'3"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 30m. Area fished 328sqm. 82m. depth 1.5m. No shadow. Primary remarks: Page 1 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm NRM 8 December 199' Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 6
NRM 30147 Crossocheilus diplochilus 10 Alcohol, o Skei. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, right bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-08 7 Jury 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°11'4-N 74°16'1SPE Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude >1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m, depth ca 3 m Cultivated land with grass and herbs, artificial banks with paving. Bottom unknown (boulders). Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30151 Crossocheilus diplochilus 12 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, right bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-08 7 Juty 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°11 -4"N 74°16-i5lE Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude > 1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m. depth ca 3 m Cultivated land with grass and herbs, artificial banks with paving. Bottom unknown (boulders). Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30288 Crossocheilus diplochilus 7 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-10 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10-58-N 74°16"25-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m. depth unknown. Road and artificial bank with paving. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30144 Labeo diplostomus 2 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, right bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-08 7 Jury 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°11'4"N 74°1615'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Attitude >1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m. depth ca 3 m. Cultivated land with grass and herbs, artificial banks with paving. Bottom unknown (boulders). Local fishing. P'imary remarks:
NRM 30150 Schizothorax curvifrons 1 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, right bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-08 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°1V4-N 74°16'15"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude >1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m. depth ca 3 m Cultivated land with grass and herbs, artificial banks with paving. Bottom unknown (boulders) Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30146 Schizothorax esocinus 2 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, right bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage (Uri site* 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-08 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al 34°1 V4"N 74°16'15-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude > 1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m depth ca 3 m Cultivated land with grass and herbs, artificial banks with paving Bottom unknown (boulders) Locai fishing Primary remarks:
NRM 30148 Schizothorax labiatus 3 Alcohol. 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, right bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-08 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°1 T4"N 74°16'15'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude >I5OO masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m depth ca 3 m Cultivated land with grass and herbs, artificial banks with paving. Bottom unknown (boulders) Local fishing Primary remarks: Mouth more or less '*S. sinuatus'-like'/EIA. 1994 Page 2 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199* Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 6
NRM 30287 Schizothorax labiatus 2 Alcohol, 0 Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu &. Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-10 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10'58'N 74O16'25"E Det: 6. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m. depth unknown Road and artificial bank with paving. Bottom unknown. Local fishing.
Primary remarks: One specimen has a *S. lab.* mouth but a clearly pigmented anal fin • the other has a '*S. sinuatus*-type mouth and an unpigmented anal fin. both has short snout/EIA. 1994.
NRM 30145 Schizothorax plagiostomus 9 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, right bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-08 7 July 1994 Collectors. E. Ahlander et al. 34°11'4'N 74°1615-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude > 1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1 %. Current ca 10OOcum/s. Width ca 120m. depth ca 3 m Cultivated land with grass and herbs, artificial banks with paving. Bottom unknown (boulders). Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30289 Glyptothorax kashmirensis 3 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage (Uri site* 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-10 7 July 1994 Collectors: E Ahlander et al. 34°10"58"N 74°16'25-E Oet: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m. depth unknown Road and artificial bank with paving. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks: Page 1 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199' Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 7
NRM 30138 Crossocheilus diplochilus 21 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 7] Fid. *: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E Ahlander et al. 34°10.'48'N 74°16'37-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: > 1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m Cultivated land with Genista: herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30137 Cyprinus carpio 2 Alcohol, o Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10'48"N 74°16'37'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: > 1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m Cultivated land with Genista; herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30125 Cyprinus carpio 1 Alcohol, o Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage (Uri site* 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-11 8 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10'48-N 74-1637-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: See EIA-94-09 for data from electrofishing site.
Primary remarks:
NRM 30142 Puntius conctionius 3 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10-48*N 74°16137"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m Cultivated land with Genista: herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30136 Schizothorax curvifrons 22 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10'48"N 74°16'37-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: > 1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m Cultivated land with Genista; herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30135 Schizothorax esocinus 9 Alcohol, o Skel. 0 C&S 620114.6 mmSL Nation, Province: IN0IA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 7] Fid. *•. EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10i48'N 74°16'37-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: > 1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f Slope < 1%. Current ca I000cum/s Width ca 120m Cultivated land with Genista, herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown Local fishing Primary remarks.
NRM 31369 Schizothorax esocinus 1 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10'48"N 74°16'37"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: > 1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m Cultivated land with Genista: herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing Primary remarks: Page 2 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8 December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Site # 7
NRM 31370 Schizothorax labiatus 6 Alcohol, o Skei. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10'48'N 74°1637*E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: > 1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m. Cultivated land with Genista; herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks: Some specimens with '*S. sinuatus*-type' mouth.
NRM 31368 Schizothorax plagiostomus 5 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34"10'48'N 74°1637'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope < 1%. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 120m. Cultivated land with Genista; herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30139 Schizothorax sp. 52 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S juv Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10l48"N 74°16'37*E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m. Cultivated land with Genista; herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30143 Triplophysa yasinensis 16 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10>48'N 74°16'37"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: > 1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m. Cultivated land with Genista; herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks:
NRM 30141 Pisces indet. 1 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S juv Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 7\ Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34c10'48-N 74°16'37"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m. Cultivated land with Genista; herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. Primary remarks: Page i of 1 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 8December 199 Kashmir, 1994 - Off Standard Sites
NRM 30275 Crossocheilus diplochilus 63 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Lower Jhelum barrage, in fish ladder [Uri site* 6/7] Fid. #: EIA-94-12 9 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°110"N 74"16"20-E Oet: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Attitude: >1500 masl. Water supply to through lish ladder disconnected c. 20 hours before fishing
Primary remarks:
NRM 30387 Schizothorax esocinus 5 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Limbar Nalla. a tributary emptying upstream Mohara Power Station intake Fid. #: EIA-94-13 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°e'35'N 74°10'58-E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Attitude c. 1480 masl. All specimens sampled eye. muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis
Primary remarks: DNA and electrophoresis samples E 016-020 (eye. muscle, liver).
NRM 30389 Schizothorax labiatus 3 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Limbar Nalla. a tributary emptying upstream Mohara Power Station intake Fid. #: EIA-94-13 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8-35"N 74°10 58'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1480 masl. All specimens sampled eye, muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis
Primary remarks: DNA and electrophoresis samples E 021-023 (eye. muscle, liver).
NRM 30388 Schizothorax plagiostomus 5 Alcohol, o Skel. o c&s Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Limbar Nalla, a tributary emptying upstream Mohara Power Station intake Fid. #: EIA-94-13 11 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35"N 74c1058"E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1480 masl. All specimens sampled eye. muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis.
Primary remarks: DNA and electrophoresis samples E 024-028 (eye, muscle, liver).
NRM 30270 Glyptothorax kashmirensis 101 Alcohol, 0 Skel. 0 C&S Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Lower Jhelum barrage, in fish ladder (Uri site* 6/7] Fid. #: EIA-94-12 9 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al 34°iro-N 74°16"20'E Det: E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Water supply to through fish ladder disconnected c. 20 hours before fishing
Primary remarks
NRM 30274 Glyptothorax kashmirensis 52 Alcohol, o Skel. o C&S Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Lower Jhelum barrage, in fish ladder [Uri site# 6/7] Fid. #: EIA-94-12 9 July 1994 Collectors: E. Ahlander et al 34°1 TCN 74o16'20-£ Det E. Ahlander/1994 Locality remarks. Altitude: >1500 masl. Water supply to through fish ladder disconnected c 20 hours before fishing
Primary remarks Kashmir report 1990-1994
-1990- i rt \ Site # H 1 \ft 2A ff 2B \ff 3A ff 3B ff 4 ff 5 ff 6 #6/7 ff 7 » 7B #7C ft 8 ff 8B # 10 # ir ~tf 12 Limb. Mun. Purch. Sum 'ossocheilus diplochilus ; ! ! 1 2 4 3 2 9 607 8 636 yprinus carpio ; 1 0 ?6eo diplostomus , 1 - | 10 1 " 1 4 16 vnf/t/s conchonius ' •. 1 1 20 2 36 62 1 1231 zhizothorax curvifrons 1 13 1 1 12 160 11 72 271 -.hizothorax esocinus 3 1 7 3 4 6 3 17 I 44 i -.hizothorax labiatus j .... 2 1 11 9 2 73 4 1 13 116] -.hizothorax plagiostomus 13 3 6 16 27 25 1 45 12 2 8 158 -.hizothorax sp. (juv) 17 20 140 48 4 25 6 260 >r/a birdi \ \ i 1 :histura punjabenis \ 4 1 5 I 6 3 19 iplophysa yasinensis I 3| 3 1 2 3 22 1 49 1 85 — ' f- - r" yptosternon reticulatum 1 4 1 6 'yptothorax kashmirensis j 1 1 1 3 'yptothorax pectinopterus ] 1 ... T_. 1 3 1 6 imbusia holbrooki j i 72 11 2] 85 >ces, indet j 0 im 33 25 148 50 10 27 34 79 0 6 97 0 97 123 843 83 53 0 7 114 1829
ff 6/7 = Fish ladder Limb. = Limbar Nalla Mun. = Mundri Nalla-' Table 1 Purch. = purchase Kashmir report 1990-1994
- 1993 - vrt \ Site tt tt 1 ' tt 2A tt 2B tt 3A tt 3B tt 4 tt 5 tt 6 tt 6/7 tt 7 tt 7B tt 7C tt 8 tt 8B ft 10 ft 11 ft 12 Limb. |Mun. Purch._ Sum ... „._. Irossocheilus diplochilus 51 34 2 1 41 lyprinus carpio i 3 3 abeo diplostomus 0 'untius conchonius 0 >chizothorax curvifrons 1 3 1 1 20 1 27 >chizothorax esocinus 1 4 5 2 1 1 7 2 18 "chizothorax labiaws 5 1 i 1 7 'chizothorax plagiostomus 14 42 -!4 7'l 7 21 10 13 2 130 'chizothorax sp. (juv) 1 12 13 'otia birdi 0 'chistura punjabenis 11 2 27 1 2 1 34 'riplophysa yasinensis 11 5 7 4 17 i/yptostemon reticulatum 2 •" 5 7 " # 6/7 = Fish ladder Limb. = Limbar Nalla Mun. = Mundri Nalli Table 2 Purch. = purchase Kashmir report 1990-1994 -1994- : ! ! Xrt \ Site # tt 1 \tt 2A tt 2B tt 3A tt 3B tt 4 tt 5 » 6 #6/7 tt 7 tt 7B tt 7C tt8 tt 8B tt 10 tt 11 tt 12 Limb. Mun. Purch. Sum Zrossocheilus diplochilus 33[ 71 23 19 29 63 21 259 Zyprinus carpio -"--[•- 1 3 4 .abeo diplostomus i r 2 2 Juntius conchonius J 3 3 iChizothorax curvifrons 1 27 2 1 22 53 >chizothorax esocinus 2 12 3 3 2 10 5 37 Ichizothorax labiatus 1 8 1 3 5 6 3 27 >chizothorax plagiostomus 17J 21 43 6 12 16 9 5 5 134 >chizothorax sp. (juv) 6 24 1 15 8 52 105 lotia birdi 0 ichistura punjabenis ± 2 11 15 1 4 1 34 rriplophysa yasinensis ! 14| 5 6 3 16 44 llyptosternon reticulatum ! I 3 3 jlyptothorax kashmirensis \ 1 3 153 157 j/yptothorax pectinopterus j 4 33 3 1 41 lambusia holbrooki 0 Vsces, indet j 1 1 Jum 74 195 0 86 22 51 57 51 216 139 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 904 tt 6/7 = Fish ladder Limb. = Limbar Nalla Mun. = Mundri Nalla Table 3 Purch. = purchase Kashmir report 1990-1994 - TOTAL - at \ Site tt .1 tt 2A tt 2B it 3 A #'3B tt 4 fb # 6 #6/7 tt 7 tt 7B tt 7C tt 8 tt 8B # 10 tt 11 tt 12 Limb. Mun. Purch. Sum 1953 ".rossocheilus diplochilus 105 2 24 22 33 63 62 3 2 9 607 8 978 4 r- r • " • .ypnnus carpio \ 1 6 7 abeo diplostomus . ...^ ... ^ _ 12 1 4 18 3 'untius conchonius .._!_ i i 3 20 2 36 62 1 126 'chizothorax curvifrons ' 2 30 1 4 14 43 1 12 160 11 73 351 10 4 _6 3 'chizothorax esocinus 2 17 2 6 5 10 20 — 5 19 99 2 'chizothorax labiatus 1 13 1 1 4 16 " "6 9 2 4 1 3 14 150 1 'chizothorax plagiostomus 44 66 14 50 12 35 64 44 19 45 12 2 5 10 422 'chizothorax sp. (juv) ~ 18" 38 140 72 15 4 8 52 25 6 ""378 otia birdi 1 1 •chistura punjabenis 3 13 31 16 1 4 2 5 2 6 1 3 87 'riplophysa yasinensis 18 10 10 6 3 1 16 2 4 3 22 1 49 1 146 llyptosternon reticulatum 2 9 4 1 16 1/yptothorax kashmirensis 2 1 22 153 1 1 180 llyptothorax pectinopterus 5 38 4 ...... 6 2 3 1 59 ••- lambusia holbrooki 72 11 2j 85 '/'sees, indet 1 1 um 131 334 206 148 32 88 117 160 216 231 97 5 97 123 843 83 53 13 7 120 3104 20 tt 6/7 = Fish ladder 1953 = Collection in NRM Limb. = Limbar Nalla obtained by D. Hummel Mun. = Mundri Nalla in 1953 near Srinagar Table 4 Purch. = purchase Page 1 of 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 9 December 199< Kashmir Station List 1990 SIL-90-01 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, tributary Boniyal Nal. ca 25 km downstream Baramula village (Uri site #3A) Fid. #: SIL-90-01 16 November 1990 1330-1600 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°8' "N 74°11" -E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 8.9°C Water Qual: 150JJS. clear, colourless Locality remarks: Collectors A.Silfvergrip. O.Enderlein, H.Wickstrom, P.-E. Linqdell. E.Engblom, A.R.Yousuf. S.S.Bist & Shahid A.K. Current c t 5 m/s. Stream 10-15 m width, 0.5 m depth with rocky bottom. Vegetation none. Fishing in stream and adjacent pools Human influence small SIL-90-02 Nation, Province. INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village, ca 1 km upstream Lower Jhelum Barrage (Uri site #7B) Fid. #: SIL-90-02 17 November 1990 1400-1500 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°1 V "N 74°17' -E Gear: Handnet Temp: 11.1'C Water Qual: 265pS, turbid, colourless Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Current: 0-1.5 m/s. River >50 m wide, with sandy and rocky bottom. Vegetation none Local fishing with longline. Human influence: deforestration and agriculture. SIL-90-03 Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village, ca 1 km upstream Lower Jhelum Barrage (Uri site #7B) Fid. #: SIL-90-03 18 November 1990 0945-1420 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°11 "N 74*17 "E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 10.4°C Water Qual: 268JJS. turbid, colourless Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Current: 0-1.5 m/s. Stream > 50 m width, with sandy and rocky bottom. Vegetation none Local fishing with longline. Human influence: deforestration and agriculture. SIL-90-04 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village, 100 m upstream Lower Jhelum Barrage (Uri site #7A) Fid. #: SIL-90-04 17 November 1990 1600-IOOOh Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°ir "N 74M7' "E Gear.Gillnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Date: 17-18 Nov 1990 overnight. SIL-90-05 Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village, 100 m downstream Lower Jhelum Barrage (Uri site #6) Fid. #: SIL-90-05 18 November 1990 1000-1610 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°11—N 74°17' "E Gear: Handnet/electricity Temp: 10.6°C Water Qual: 267/JS. turbid, colourless Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Current 0-1 m/s. River c. 50 m wide and 0.1-0.3 m deep at fishing site near beach. Bottom with sand up to rocks catfish with handnet - cyprinids with electrofishing) SIL-90-06 Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village. 100 m downstream Lower Jhelum Barrage (Uri site #6) Fid. #: SIL-90-06 18 November 1990 1600-IOOOh Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°11 "N 74=17 "E Gear: Gillnet Temp: 10.3°C Water Qual: 267 uS. 8.8 mg O2/I [95%] Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Current 0-1 m/s. River c. 50 m wide and 0.1-0.3 m deep at fishing site near beach with turbid colourless water. Bottom with sand up to rocks SIL-90-07 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at planned Uri Barrage intake, ca 15 km downstream Baramula (Uri site #4) Fid. #. SIL-90-07 19 November 1990 1135-1240 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°9' -N 74f11 'E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 10.7°C Water Qual: 271 fjS, highly turbid Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Current 0-1.5 m/s. River c. 50 m wide and 0-1 m deep at fishing site near beach. Bottom with large rocks No vegetation in water. Human influence: hydroelectrical dam built in 1918 and one d:o planned SIL-90-08 Nation. Province INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, 400m upstream planned intake, ca15km downstream Baramula (Uri site #5) Fid. #: SIL-90-08 19 November 1990 1525-1600 h Collectors: A Silfvergrip et al. 34°9' "N 74° 11 'E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 10 TC Water Qual: 269 uS. highly turbid Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Current 0-1.5 m/s. River c. 50 m wide and 0-1 m deep at fishing site near beach Bottom with large rocks. No vegetation in water. Human influence: hydroelectrical dam built in 1918 and ona do planned Page 2 of 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 9 December 199 Kashmir Station List 1990 SIL-90-09 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Uri, 200m upstream old suspension bridge (Uri site #1) Fid. #: SIL-90-09 20 November 1990 1130-1220 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°5' "N 74°3' 'E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: At planned Uri Barrage outlet. Collectors, see SIL-90-01. River c. 50 m wide and 0-1 m deep at fishing site near beach SIL-90-10 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Gingal. (Uri site #2A) Fid. #: SIL-90-10 21 November 1990 1055-1200 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°8' "N 74O9' "E Gear: Electrofishing Temp. 9.8°C Water Qual: 273JJS, highly turbid Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. River c. 50 m wide and 0-1.5 m deep at fishing site near beach. Bottom with rocks 0 I -2 m SIL-90-11 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Gingal. springfed (Uri site #2B) Fid. #: SIL-90-11 21 November 1990 1210-1230 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°8' "N 74C9 "E Gear: Handnet/electricity Temp: 16.3°C Water Qual: 515pS, clear, colourless Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Stream c 0.6 m wide and 0.1 m deep. Currrent 0.6 m/s. Bottom with sand/pebbles and submerse vegetation. Human influence: village. SIL-90-12 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village, fish market (Uri site #6/7) Fid. #: SIL-90-12 21 November 1990 1530-1600 h Collectors: A. Sirfvergrip 34M 1" "N 74°17 #E Gear: Purchase Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: SIL-90-13 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village, 100 m downstream Lower Jhelum Barrage (Uri site #6) Fid. #: SIL-90-13 21 November 1990 1600-1000 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°1 V "N 74°17' "E Gear: Gillnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Date: 21 -22 Nov 1990, overnight. Current 0-1 m/s. River c. 50 m wide. Human influence dam SIL-90-14 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, tributary Boniyal Nal. ca 25 km downstream Baramula village (Uri site #38) Fid. #. SIL-90-14 22 November 1990 1000-1430 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°8' "N 74e1 1 "E Gear: Handnet/electricity Temp: 4.8-9°C Water Qual: 160pS. clear, colourless Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Current: 0.4-1.7 m/s. Stream 5 m wide, 0.5-1 m depth with rocky bottom. Vegetation none Temperatures lOOOh and t430h respectively SIL-90-15 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village, fish market Fid. 0: SIL-90-15 22 November 1990 1500-1530 h Collectors: A. Siltvergrip (ded.) 34° 1 r -N 74"17' E Gear: Purchase Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: SIL-90-16 Nation. Province INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Mundri Nalla Creek. W of Shiri. ca 2 km E of Gantmula Fid. #: SIL-90-16 22 November 1990 1530-1600 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34" 11' "N 74JI9 E Gear: Handnet Temp: Water Qual: weak brown colour Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01 Current: 0.5 m/s. Stream c 15 m wide. 0.2 m deep with bottom sand and scattered stones, algae aquatic vegetation (Potamogeton etc.). Page 3 of 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 9 December 199* Kashmir Station List 1990 SIL-90-17 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, near Sopor, Jhelum proper just upstream mouth of Pharu River (Uri site #8) Fid. #: SIL-90-17 23 November 1990 1100-1200 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°18' *N 74°26' "E Gear: Handnet/electricity Temp: Water Qual: turbid Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-9O-O1. Stream c 100 m wide, fishing depth 0-1.5 m. Bottom: sand Human influence: fishing site and public toilet. SIL-90-18 Nation. Province. INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, near Sopor. Pharu River 50 m upstream the Hoapora bridge (Uri site #88) Fid.#. SIL-90-18 24 November 1990 1200-1300 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°19' -N 74°26' "E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. River 50-100 m wide, fishing depth < 1.5m. Bottom: sand. Human influence: faeces and people with hand grenades: blown bridge. SIL-90-19 Nation, Province. INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, near Sopor, Pharu River right below the Hoapora bridge (Uri site #88) Fid. #: SIL-90-19 24 November 1990 1300-1330 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al 34°19' "N 74°26 'E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. No field form! SIL-90-20 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Wular lake, NE corner of lake and easternmost canal of peninsula (Uri site #10) Fid. #: SIL-90-20 26 November 1990 1200-1400 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°24' "N 74°35' "E Gear: Electrofishing(boat) Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Electrofishing from boat. Presence of Cyprinus carpio noted (5 spms. 15-40 cm TL) - not preserved. SIL-90-21 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Wular Lake, NE corner of lake (Uri site #10) Fid. #: SIL-90-21 26 November 1990 1600-1000 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°24' "N 74°35 'E Gear: Gillnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Date: 26-27 Nov 1990. overnight. Presence of Cyprinus carpio and Carassius carassius noted • not preserved SIL-90-22 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Manasbal Lake (Uri site #11) Fid #: SIL-90-22 27 November 1990 1600-1000 h Collectors: A. Silfvergrip et al. 34°16' "N 74°40 'E Gear Gillnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks Collectors, see SIL-90-01. Date: 27-28 Nov 1990 overnight. Presence of Carassius carassius noted • not preserved SIL-90-23 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Sindh River, ca 5 km upstream Ganderbal. at Nunar (Uri site #12) Fid # SIL-90-23 29 November 1990 1000-1130 h Collectors A Silfvergrip et al 34°16' -N 74"47 S Gear Handnet/electricity Temp: 2.1 °C Water Qual. 300pS. clear colourless Locality remarks Collectors, see SIL-90-01. River 20 m wide and fishing depth 0.5-1 m Bottom with rocks 0 0 10 5m SIL-90-24 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage, bought at fish market in Srinagar; said to come from Jhelum River at Srinagar Fid. # SIL-90-24 30 November 1990 1000-1030 h Collectors A Stltvergnp 34"6' "N 74°50 '6 Gear Purchase Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks Page 4 of 4 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 9 December 199^ Kashmir Station List 1990 SIL-90-25 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gantmula village. 100 m downstream Lower Jhelum Barrage (Uri site #6) Fid. #: SIL-90-25 17 November 1990 -h Collectors: E. Engblom & P.-E. Lingdell 34°11' *N 74"17- "E Gear: Handnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: SIL-90-26 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Wular lake. NE corner of lake and easternmost canal of peninsula (Uri site #10) Fid #: SIL-90-26 26 November 1990 -h Collectors: E. Engblom & P.-E. Lingdell 34°24' "N 74°35' "E Gear: Handnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: SIL-90-27 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Wular lake. NE corner of lake and easternmost canal of peninsula (Uri site #10) Fid. #: SIL-90-27 27 November 1990 - h Collectors: E. Engblom & P.-E. Lingdell 34C24' "N 74'35 "E Gear: Handnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: SIL-90-28 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Gingal. springfed (Uri site #2B) Fid. #: SIL-90-28 21 November 1990 - h Collectors: E. Engblom & P.-E. Lingdell 34°8 "N 74°9" "E Gear: Handnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Page 1 of 3 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 9 December 199^ Kashmir Station List 1993 ElA-93-003 Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, slightly downstream outlet of vaste-water from Gingal village Fid. #: ElA-93-003 4 May 1993 1600-1800 h Collectors: P.Andersson & P.-E.Lingdell/Ded: E.Ahlander 34T3TN 74'5-36"E Gear: electrofishing Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Bottom: big stones and gravel. River c. 50 m wide and 0.1-1.0 m deep at fishing site. Vegetation: grass on land and bank none in water. Human influence: cultivated fields, goats, occasional houses. Test of electrofishing equipment. ElA-93-004 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Boniyar Nalla River, trib. of Jhelum River, upstream worker's camp. [Uri site* 3A] Fid. #: ElA-93-004 6 May 1993 0900-1130 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al. Gear: electrofishing Temp: 9.6°C Water Qual: pH7.9,123pS/cm,11.0mgO2/l= 115% Locality remarks: Quite turbid (49-59 FTU) rapid with gray (c.20mgPt/l) water. Bottom: boulders. Stream c. 20m wide (+ side-stream 3m) and 0 1-0 6 m deep at fishing site. Vegetation: grass and bushes on land, none (algae ?) in water. Human influence: some houses All fish from side-stream main- stream were electrofished for an equal distance - no fish. ElA-93-006 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, 50 m downstream Chala bridge. [Uri site # 5] Fid. #: ElA-93-006 7 May 1993 0830-1100 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al. Gear: electrofishing Temp: 17.9°C Water Qual: pH8.0.111pS/cm,8.2mgO2/l = 105% Locality remarks: Turbid (50-65 FTU) rapid (2 m/sj river with gray water. Bottom: boulders. River c. 60 m wide and 0-1.3 m deep at fishing site Vegetation: grass on land, none in water. Human influence: grazing, faeces, dead cow. ElA-93-007 Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, c. 1 km downstream Gingal, side-arm, [Uri site# 2A] Fid. #: ElA-93-007 8 May 1993 0830-1100 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al. Gear: electrofishing Temp: 18.2°C Water Qual: pH8.2,124pS/cm.8.9mgO2/I = 109% Locality remarks: Turbid (84 FTU) swift-flowing to rapid river with graybrown water. Bottom: boulders, stones and fine sand. River 70 m and side- arm 10m wide, 0-1 m deep at fishing site. Vegetation: grass, fields, some trees and bushes on land and bank, some algae in water Human influence: grazing, cultivation etc. Local fishing: angling. EIA-93-008 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, springfed tributary, 1 km downstream Gingal Camp. [Uri site* 2B] Fid. #: ElA-93-008 8 May 1993 0830-1130 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al. Gear: electrofish.,dip-net Temp: 21.1 C Water Qual: pH7.4.437/jS/cm,8.5mgO2/l=110% Locality remarks: 50 m long springfed creek with colourless (20), clear (2.9 FTU) water. Bottom: sand, stones and detritus. Creek 1-3.5 m wide. 0-0 4 m deep. Vegetation: grass, fields. Human influence: grazing, cultivation. No local fishing)?). Dense Gammarus population, mayfly (Baetis) common EIA-93-008B Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, springfed tributary. 1 km downstream Gingal Camp. [Uri site* 2B] Fid # EIA-93-008B 9 May 1993 1600-1800 h Collectors: E.Ahlander Gear dip-net Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: 50 m long springfed creek with colourless, clear water. Bottom sand, stones and detritus Creek 1-3.5 m wide 0-0 4 TI deep Vegetation on land: grass.fields. Human influence: grazing, cultivation. No local fishingC) ElA-93-009 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, at Lower Jhelum Barrage, bought from locals Fid # ElA-93-009 11 May 1993 -h Collectors: E.Ahlander et al. Gear purchase Temp: Water Qual Locality remarks Nation. Province. INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly below Lower Jhelum barrage, right bank. [Uri site* 6) Fid # ElA-93-OlO 11 May 1993 0900-1200 h Collectors E.Ahlander. P Andersson. et al. Gear electrofishing Temp: 14.5 C Water Qual: pH7 9.105pS/cm,8.3mgO2/l = 93% Locality remarks: Swift-flowing river with gray turbid (185 FTU) water. Bottom: unknown (bank by concrete and stone) Human influence dam. military camp, local fishing Page 2 of 3 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 9 December 199- Kashmir Station List 1993 •—1. ElA-93-011 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly below Lower Jhelum barrage, right bank [Uri site# 6] Fid. #: ElA-93-O11 11 May 1993 0900-1100 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al. Gear: gill-net Temp: 14.5 C Water Qual: pH7.9.i05pS/cm.8.3mgO2/l = 9 Locality remarks: Swift-flowing river with gray turbid (185 FTU) water. Bottom: unknown (bank by concrete and stone). Human influence- dam military camp, local fishing. ElA-93-012 Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Mohara Power Station intake. [Uri site* 4] Fid. #: ElA-93-012 11 May 1993 1400-1530 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al. Gear: electrofishing Temp: Water Qual: pH8.0, 115(iS/cm Locality remarks: Swift-flowing river with gray turbid (145-150 FTU) water. 8ottom: boulders (and sand?). Human influence early 20th century power station surrounded by huge ongoing dam building. ElA-93-013 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri, left bank upstream Parmpilan bridge (tailrace), [Uri site* 1] Fid. #: ElA-93-013 12 May 1993 0900-1100 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al. Gear: electrofishing Temp: 15.8°C Water Qual: pH8.0,140/jS/cm.9.5mgO2/l = 112% Locality remarks: Swift-flowing river with gray turbid (97-102 FTU) water. Bottom: boulders and sand. Human influence tailrace building ongoinq bridge. ElA-93-014 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Uri Indus RK/er drainage: Jhelum River, Uri, right bank upstream Parmpilan bridge (tailrace), [Uri site* 1] Fid. #: ElA-93-014 12 May 1993 1100-1300 h Collectors: E.Ahlander, P.Andersson. et al. Gear: electrofishing Temp: 15.8"C Water Qual: pH8.0,140/jS/cm,9.5mgO2/l=1i2% Locality remarks: Swift-flowing river with gray turbid (97-102 FTU) water. Bottom: boulders and sand. Human influence: tailrace building ongoing, bridge. EIA-93-015A Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly above Lower Jhelum barrage, left bank. [Uri site* 7A] Fid. #: EIA-93-015A 13 May 1993 0900-1030 h Collectors. E.Ahlander, P.Andersson. et al. Gear: electrofishing (boat) Temp: 15.9 C Water Qual: pH8.0.126/jS/cm.7.6mgO2/l=93% Locality remarks: Moderate-flowing river with browngreengray turbid (57-62 FTU) water. Bottom, unknown. Human influence: dam. military camp, local fishing. EIA-93-015B Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: small left-side tributary creek, directly above Lower Jhelum barrage. [Uri site* 7C) Fid #: EIA-93-015B 13 May 1993 0900-1030 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al Gear electrofishing(boat) Temp: 13.7 C Water Qual: pH8.4.84 3jjS/cm.9.0mgO2/l= 105% Locality remarks Turbidity 140 FTU. ElA-93-016 Nation, Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly above Lower Jhelum barrage, left bank. [Uri site* 7A) Fid. #: ElA-93-016 13 May 1993 1100-1200 h Collectors: E.Ahlander. P.Andersson. et al. Gear, gillnet Temp: 15.9 C Water Qual: pH8.0.126pS/cm.7 6mgO2/l = 93% Locality remarks: Moderate-flowing river with browngreengray turbid (57-62 FTU) water Bottom unknown Human influence dam military camp, local fishing EIA-93-017 Nation. Province INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, directly above Lower Jhelum barrage, left bank. [Uri site* 7A] Fid #: ElA-93-017 13 May 1993 0900-1030 h Collectors P.-E. Lingdell/DED: E. Ahlander Gear: bottomfauna(handnet) Temp: 15.9 C Water Qual pH8 0.126fjS/cm.7.6mgO27l=93% Locality remarks Moderate-flowing river with browngreengray turbid (57-62 FTU) water. Bottom unknown Human influence dam military camp, local fishing Page 3 of 3 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 9 December 1994 Kashmir Station List 1993 ElA-93-NONUMBER Nalion. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, at Gingal Camp Fid. #: ElA-93-NONUMBER 10 May 1993 1630-1730 h Collectors: E.Ahlander Gear: handnet Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Page 1 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM 9 December 1994 Kashmir Station List 1994 EIA-94-01 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank of Buniyar Nalla, downstream workers's camp [Uri site* 3B] Fid. #: EIA-94-01 3 July 1994 0800-1000 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34">7'38"N 74°11 '8'E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 13°C Water Qual: 74f/S. 9.2mg/l O2 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 70 Te/f. Slope 2%? Current fast. Width ca 10 m. Waste from workers's camp. Area fished 600sam depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. ' EIA-94-02A Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River. Buniyar Nalla, upstream workers' camp, side stream A [Uri site* 3A] Fid. #: EIA-94-02A 3 July 1994 1000-1200 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'3-N 74°11 '22-E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 13.4°C Water Qual: 13yS, 8.6mg/l O2 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1 -5m. Area fished 250sqm (incl EIA-94-02B), depth 0 1 - 1.0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders. Local fishing yes. EIA-94-02B Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Buniyar Nalla. upstream workers' camp, side stream B [Uri site* 3A] Fid. #: EIA-94-02B 3 July 1994 1000-1200 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'3"N 74C1 T22"E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 13.4°C Water Qual: 13/JS. 8.6mg/l O2 Locality remarks: Attitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 82 Te/f. Slope 2% Current medium. Width 1-5m. Depth 0.1-1.0m. Area fished 25Osqm (incl EIA-94- 02A), depth 0.1-1 0m. No shadow. Cultivated landscape. Land vegetation grass. Bottom sand-boulders. Local fishing yes. EIA-94-03 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri, left bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* 1] Fid. #: EtA-94-03 4 July 1994 0920-1100 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°5'42"N 74°3'10"E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 23.5°C Water Qual: 157pS, 81 mg/l O2 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 40-50m. Area fished 210sqm. 105 m. depth to 1.5m. No shadow. Construction area. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. EIA-94-04 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Uri Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Uri, right bank at tailrace (parmpilan bridge) [Uri site* 1 ] Fid. #: EIA-94-04 4 July 1994 1100-1400 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°5t42"N 7403'10'E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 23.5°C Water Qual: 157/jS, 81 mg/l O2 Locality remarks: Attitude c. 1200 masl. Turbidity 53 Te/f. Current ca lOOOcum/s. Width ca 40-50m. Area fished 214sqm. 107 m. depth to 1 5m. No shadow. Land vegetation herbs. Bank w. boulders. No water vegetation. Bottom boulders. Local fishing yes. EIA-94-05 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank at Mohara Power Station intake [Uri site* 4] Fid. #: EIA-94-05 5 July 1994 0900-1100 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35'N 74a10'58"E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 23.2°C Water Qual: 155^/S. 7.5mg/l O2 Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1450 masl. Turbidity 60 Te/f. Slope ca 2%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 25-30m. Area fished 270sqm. 90 m. depth to 2m. No shadow Bottom sand-boulders. Human influence: old intake, huge new intake under construction. EIA-94-06 Nation. Province. INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar/Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank 50 m upstream of Chala bridge. [Uri site* 5] Fid. #: EIA-94-06 5 July 1994 1150-1330 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°9'3'N 74°123-E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 23.6°C Water Qual: 1 56JJS. 7.6mg/l O2. Locality remarks Altitude c. 1500 masl. Turbidity 47/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 30m. Area fished 328sqm. 82m. depth 1 5m No shadow. EIA-94-07A Nation, Province INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri site* 2A] Fid. *: EIA-94-07A 6 July 1994 0930-1200 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34'N 74°5'36-E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 25.4°C Water Qual: Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep Area fished 180sqm. depth 1 m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A= Specimens included in EIA survey and measured: 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. Page 2 of 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm - NRM g December 1994 Kashmir Station List 1994 EIA-94-07B Nation. Province: INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank ca 1 km downstream of Gingal. sidestream [Uri site# 2A] Fid. #: EIA-94-07B 6 July 1994 0930-1200 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°7'34-N 74O5'36"E Gear: Electrolishing Temp: 25.4°C Water Qual: Locality remarks: Altitude c. 1300 masl. Slope ca 1%. Current medium. Side stream about 15 m wide and 1 m deep. Area fished 180sqm depth 1m. No shadow. Cultivated land with occasional herbs, no water veg. Bottom boulders and fine sand. 7A = Specimens included in EIA and measured: 7B= Specimens not included, not measured. EIA-94-08 Nation. Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, right bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-08 7 Jury 1994 0900-1100 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34"ir4"N 74°16'15'E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 23.8"C Water Qual: 1 40/JS. 7.0mg/l O2 Locality remarks: Altitude >1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m. depth ca 3 m. Cultivated land with grass and herbs, artificial banks with paving. Bottom unknown (boulders). Local fishing. EIA-94-09 Nation, Province. INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage (Uri site* 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-09 7 July 1994 1130-1400 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34"10>48-N 74°16'37"E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: 24.7°C Water Qual: 136^. 6.0mg/l O2 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 43 Te/f. Slope <1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m. Cultivated land with Genista: herbs and a bush on artificial bank with paving, no water veg. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. EIA-94-10 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank downstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site# 6] Fid. #: EIA-94-10 7 July 1994 0900-1300 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34"10'58'N 74°16>25'E Gear: Survey gillnet Temp: 23.8°C Water Qual: 140pS, 7.0mg/t O2 Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Turbidity 45 Te/f. Slope ca 1%. Current ca 1000cum/s. Width ca 120m, depth unknown. Road and artificial bank with paving. Bottom unknown. Local fishing. EIA-94-11 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, left bank upstream of Lower Jhelum barrage [Uri site* 7] Fid. #: EIA-94-11 8 Jury 1994 -1330 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°10'48'N 74°16'37-E Gear: Survey gill net Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: See EIA-94-09 for data from electrofishing site. E1A-94-12 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Gantamulla Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Lower Jhelum barrage, in fish ladder [Uri site# 6/7] Fid. #:EIA-94-12 9 July 1994 0900-1200 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°irO"N 74°16'20"E Gear: Dip net Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Altitude: >1500 masl. Water supply to through fish ladder disconnected c. 20 hours before fishing EIA-94-13 Nation, Province: INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir, Boniyar Indus River drainage: Jhelum River, Limbar Nalla. a tributary emptying upstream Mohara Power Station intake Fid. #: EIA-94-13 11 July 1994 1400-1600 h Collectors: E. Ahlander et al. 34°8'35"N 74°10f58"E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks Altitude c. 1480 masl. All specimens sampled eye. muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis EIA-94-14 Nation, Province INDIA, Jammu & Kashmir. Gingal Indus River drainage: Jhelum River at Gingal Fid. #: DA-94-14 11 July 1994 1830-1930 h Collectors; E Ahlander et al. 34°7'34"N 74'5'36-E Gear: Electrofishing Temp: Water Qual: Locality remarks: Coodinates = E1A-94-07 which is c. 1km downstream EIA-94-14. Altitude c. 1300 masl. Some specimens sampled eye. muscle, liver for protein analysis, and muscle for DNA analysis. Genetic study offish-species of the genus Schizothorax Johan Dannewitz1 & Hakan Jansson2 ' Department of Zoology, Villavagen 9, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden 2 Salmon Research Institute, S-814 94 Alvkarleby, Sweden English abstract The aim of this study was to screen for genetic differences between species of the genus Schizothorax. Muscle and liver homogenates of S. esocinus (N=5), 5". labiatus (N=3), S. plagiostomus (N=5) and four unidentified individuals of the same genus were subjected to electrophoresis of the following enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, E.C. 2.6.1.1), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, E.C. 1.1.1.1), creatine phosphokinase (CPK, E.C. 2.7.3.2), phosphoglucomutase (PGM, E.C. 5.4.2.2), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI, E.C. 5.3.1.9), L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, E.C. 1.1.1.37) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, E.C. 1.15.1.1). The activity of AAT and ADH was to low to make interpretations possible. The loci expressing CPK, PGM and SOD were monomorphic, whereas loci expressing GPI, LDH and MDH were found to be polymorphic. However, no fixed allele differences between the species were observed. Thus, the species analysed may be very closely related. Alternatively, the individuals analysed may belong to local morphs of the same species. The results of this study emphasize the need for a multi-locus analysis of a large number of individuals in order to determine the relatedness between species of the genus Schizothorax. Artidentifiering av karpfiskar tillhörande släktet Schizothorax Johan Dannewitz Zoologiska institutionen, Villavägen 9, 752 36 Uppsala Material och Metoder För att finna eventuella genetiska skillnader mellan de tre arterna Schizothorax esocinus, S. labiatus samt S. plagiostomus har jag med stärkelsegel-elektrofores av enzymer analyserat de muskel- samt leverprover jag erhöll från Er. Ögonproverna har inte analyserats beroende på att endast glaskropparna bifogades. Dessa ger inte tillräckligt med enzymaktivitet. Jag har i huvudsak arbetat enligt den metodik som presenterades av Richardson et al (1986). Följande enzymer har analyserats: aspartat aminotransferas (AAT, E.C. 2.6.1.1), alkohol dehydrogenas (ADH, E.C. 1.1.1.1), creatin fosfokinas (CPK, E.C. 2.7.3.2), fosfoglukomutas (PGM, E.C. 5.4.2.2), glukos-6-fosfat isomeras (GPI, E.C. 5.3.1.9), L-laktat dehydrogenas (LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27), malat dehydrogenas (MDH, E.C. 1.1.1.37) och superoxid dismutas (SOD, E.C. 1.15.1.1), vilka tidigare använts i artidentifieringsstudier på karpfiskar (H. Jansson, munüigt). Två olika buffertsystem anvândes vid enzymsepareringen. CPK, GPI, LDH samt PGM, alla från muskelhomogenat, separerades under 3,5 h (10 V/cm) i en buffert beskriven av Ridgway et al (1970). AAT, ADH, MDH, PGM samt SOD, alla från leverhomogenat, separerades under 4 h (13 V/cm) i en N-(3-aminopropyl)-morfolin citrat buffert (Clayton & Tretiak, 1972). Infärgning (framkallning) av enzymerna utfördes enligt Richardson et al. (1986). Vissa enzymer uttrycks från två loci (tex LDH), varvid jag benämt det locus vårs allel/er har lägst anodal mobilitet till A (tex LDH-A), samt det locus vårs allel/er har högst anodal mobilitet till В (tex LDH-B). I de loci dar genetisk variation observerades har jag benämt allelerna enligt följande: Den vanligaste allelen benämns "100" och utgör referens (tex LDH-B(IOO)). Variantallelen/erna benämns sedan med avseende på mobilitet i forhållande till referensallelen (tex LDH-B(70)). Genotyper betecknas analogt LDH-B(100/70) för en heterozygot och LDH-B(100/100) respektive LDH-B(70/70) för de båda homozygoterna. Resultat AAT samt ADH aktiviteten var så låg att inga resultat kunde avläsas. Vad galler CPK, PGM och SOD observerades ingen genetisk variation; alla individerna var homozygoter for samma allelvariant (se bifogade gelfotografier, SOD-gelen fotograferades ej eftersom infärgningen är transient och försvinner snabbt). För de resterande tre enzymerna observerades genetisk variation, och nedan présenteras resultaten för de tre enzymen separat. Vissa bifogade gelfotografier kan vara svåra att tolka i efterhånd eftersom bandintensiteten försvagas då gelerna fixeras. GPI Uttrycks från två loci, GPI-A och GPl-B. Genetisk variation observerades i båda, dock kunde ingen säker tolkning göras för GPI- A. I detta locus verkar det dock finnas tre alleler. Fyra st individer (nr E017-E019 samt E022) hade troligen genotypen GPI-A(100/0), dvs variantallelen har ingen elektroforetisk mobilitet. En individ (nr E024) hade en variantallel med katodal mobilitet och genotypen benämdes därför GPI-A(100/-125). Dock bör man expérimentera med pH-värdet på Rw-bufferten (höjas) för att få en battre upplösning (se bifogat fotografi). Vad galler GPI-B så hade fem st individer (nr E016, E017, E020, E021 samt E024) genotypen GPI- B(100/115) och resten GPI-B(100/100). Inga fixerade allelskillnader observerades mellan arterna. LDH Uttrycks från två loci, LDH-A och LDH-B. Genetisk variation observerades endast i LDH-B. Två st individer (nr E017 samt E028) hade genotypen LDH-B(100/100), resten (utom E032) hade genotypen LDH-B(100/70). Individ nr E032 kunde inte tolkas. Inga fixerade allelskillnader observerades mellan arterna. MDH För detta enzym observerades endast en heterozygot (nr E022) som hade genotypen MDH(100/210). Resten uttryckte genotypen MDH(100/100). Inga fixerade allelskillnader observerades mellan arterna. Slutsats Om enzym-elektrofores skall användas vid artidentifiering bör något eller några loci vara fixerade vid artspecifika alleler. De enzymer som analyserats i denna studie brukar normalt räcka för att skilja mellan karparter. I denna genetiska undersökning observerades dock inga fixerade allelskillnader mellan arterna, vilket antyder att dessa arter är mycket närbesläktade, eller att det år fråga om populationer av samma art. Dock bör en utökad elektroforetisk undersökning göras, dar fier individer undersöks och framför allt fier loci analyseras, innan man kan dra några sakra slutsatser angående arttillhörighet. Referenser Clayton, J.W. & Tretiak, D.N. (1972). Amine-citrate buffers for pH control in starch gel electrophoresis. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can. 29, 1169-1172. Richardson, B.J., Baverstock, P.R. & Adams, M. (1986). Allozyme Electrophoresis. A Handbook for Animal Systematics and Population Studies. North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia: Academic Press. Ridgway, G.J., Sherburne, S.W. & Lewis, R.D. (1970). Polymorphism in the esterases of Atlantic herring. Tirons. Amer. Fish. Soc. 99, 147-151. GEL NO DATE ORGAN MMk&l SIGNATURE. BUFFERSYSTEM KM/? START..3).£ STOP.. NO SAMPLE ORGAN _OCI i.DH-8 1 2 S}csoc>r>^i fcdl~f" •; hVf ktf j F 3 &.£iO$iii]S £O(8 ct 4 •3- •- •• -| • ....o h W- 5 pte^o(i\u4 Bozo ...kL. 6 p. lap^atnj £o21 3 . ...1 1. F 7. % — 8 ..E •14 U 9 . ... ' net * 10 § .plqjlf Affcnti(S %OZ$ ::j:;:; F S [ -\ 11 •" T 12 :::::E: / 13 .....!.... F 14 tat 15 S.jp. EOZO ::::::::: j r 16 it a, B(ii I V /.. t 17 :;;;:;:;;• 18 ...... 19 ... ;•;;• 20 | • :;:;•[ r: 21...: : |:::::: [••••• ••[••• -j • 22 • 23 24 25 :::::::::::::::::::::: 26 27 28 :: :... 29 .::::;::::: : 30 f- = > fU - la c, n hcJt!n$\tr* b. SPECIES.... «Sé.b...s± 1..?." fcb.Ø.tøZ, GEL NO ORGAN и&..Ç.V.LC SIGNATURE. BUFFERSYSTEM.. ..få..tl START (.....„. STOP.. ..'.J..:..„.... VOLTAGE /...(.^ NO SAMPLE ORGAN LOCI 1.. г.. 3.. 4.. 5.. 6.. !.. ЬЙ. 8.. 9.. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. .Earn 15. 16. 17. .SP- 18. 19.. 20.. 21.. 22.. 23.. 24.. 25.. 26.. 27.. 28.. 29.. 30.. ADH for uft, Г-[Гt. ;.: fivin er/ Report on the age and gut contents of three Schizothoracine fish collected by Swedish team in Kashmir Scientist Dr. A. R. Yusuf Reader, P.G. Dept of Zoology The University of Kashmir, Sgr. Research associate Miss Gazala Firdous, M. Phil Ser. Res.Fel. (ICAR) A total of twelve fish specimens were handed over to us in November - December 1990 by the Swedish team for the determination of the age of the fish and the enumeration of gut contents. As per the data on the morphology of the fish speci- mens provided, it was found that five specimens bearing index nos 1, 2, 3, 8 and 9 belong to Schizothorax esocinus Heckel, those bearing nos 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12 to S. longipinnis Heckel, whereas nos 4 and 10 belong to S. progastus Heckel. The fish were studied for the determination of approximate age as well as for the analysis of food items in the gut content. For the age determination mainly operculum was used; however, in certain cases vertebra was also utilized. Age of the fish (Table 1) A) Schizothorax esocinus Heckel The five specimens provided varied from 320 mm to 410 mm in length and from 266 g to 484 g in weight. The age of these specimens fluctuated from over five years to over eight years. B) S. longipinnis Heckel The length and weight of the specimens varied between 145 mm and 330 mm and 31 g and 353 g respectively. The age of these specimens varied from over one year to over seven years. C) S. progastus Heckel Two specimens belonging to this species were 360 mm and 415 mm long, each having a weight of 482 g. The longer specimen was over eight years in age, while the smaller one was over seven years. Gut analysis (Table 2) A) S. esocinus Three specimens belonging to this species were found to be having empty guts. In the remaining two specimens molluscan shells formed major part of the gut content (> 60 %) thereby indicating the importance of the molluscs as their food. Plant material formed about 33 % of the gut contents, with the algae being the major component. Arthropods formed only a small part. B) 5". longipinnis The algae formed the main component of the gut contents, the diatoms and green algae being the dominant groups. Macrophyte remains, especially those of Trapo sp, were found to be forming a good proportion of gut contents in one specimen. Detritus was also found in significant quantities. Animal component was of very low significance. C) S. progastus Both plant and animal remains were recorded in the gut contents of the two specimens examined. Molluscs formed about 25 % of the gut content in both the specimens, whereas the plant matter showed variation, although it was above 35 %. From the analysis of the gut contents of the twelwe specimens it may be said (although statistically it is only a guess) that the three species occupy different niches in the aquatic system. S. esocinus seems to be carnivore, selecting its prey rather accurately. S. longipinnis is a herbivore and seems to feed near the bottom as its gut contains significant quantity of detritus. The third species (S. progastus) seems to be an omnivore. However, for drawing clear conclusion, the number of specimens to be examined need to be much higher. Thanks are due to the Head, P.G. Dept. of Zoology for providing the necessary laboratory facilities and to Miss Kousar Pirzada for help. Dr. A. R. Yousuf 1» Length, Weight and age ( Estimated ) of fish collected during Nov.1990 collections Index Total Length Total Opercular Age (yrs) as \>t.r No ) weig- dimension ht (mm ) (g) SchizQthorax asqcinus Heckel 1* 1 390 482 22 7+ 7+ 2. 2 410 484 25 8+ 3 3 337 266 20 5+ 4 8 320 335 21 6 + 5 9 340 375 23 7+ B. Schizothorax lonqipinnis Heckel 6 5 310 284 17 6+ 7 6 330 353 20 7+ 8 7 300 236 16 5+ 9 11 245 134 15 3+ 3+ 10 12 145 31 - - C SchizQthorax proqastus Heckel 11 4 415 482 27 8+ 12 10 360 482 25 7+ - = Not estimated Table 2# Percentage of different food items in the gut contents of the fish S/tto Index No POOD ITEM (54) Diatoms Green Blue chdo- copepods Roti- Pro- Moll- ins- Macr- Detritus othe algae green rids fers tox- asc ects ophy- oans she- tes lls 1. 1 E M PT Y GUT a 2 2 13.6 10.7 6.1 1.0 - - — S1.0 - 3.4 0.2 4.0 •H BMP T Y GUT U 3O 3. 0 8 19.2 11.7 3.6 - 0.5 - 64.5 - - - 0.5 w 4 • BMP T Y GUT CO 5 9 W •H > 5 15.5 7.5 0.5 mm - -1.0 37.0 38.5 — •H 7 6 35.4 10.4 1.2 0 .4 0. 4 0 .4 0.4 - 0.9 49.6 0.9 a3. 7 23.7 61.7 5.0 1 .6 1. 6 - 1.7 4.2 0.5 •HC 0 3 11 27.1 65.4 4.3 0 .7 0. 7 0 .5 - - - 1.3 »^» 10 12 50.0 19.4 15.3 - 1. 4 1 .4 - 5.5 - 5.6 1.4 CO - 11 4 21.4 11.9 2.4 7 .5 2.4 23.5 6.4 24. (0 m (0 12 10 22.1 37.1 7.1 — 0 .8 - 24.9 7.9 - u a* 0 CQ Date 940712 Wooden box 1. 2 boxies of disposal gloves 1 net (5mm, 0.5 m) 1 katod for electro-fishing 20 candles 1 pair of rubber-gloves 1 roll of vulc-tape 1 packing-tape 1 ring (small) for electro-fishing 1 box with screws, nuts, cable-shoes, micro-shutters. 1 hook and line 2 bulbs for torch 4 torches 1 super epoxi glue 1 plastic padding 1 knife 1 soldering iron with tin and solder 1 wrench (Bacho 10) 3 screw-drivers 1 poly-grip 1 pliers 1 cable-pliers 2 files (fiat and triangular) 5 plugs 220 V 2 rolls of el-tape 1 set of spare-parts to the electro-fishing unit (Safari 330) 2 rolls of line ( 2 and 3 mm) 1 repair kit for rubber shoes 2 pkt of rubber-band 1 folding rule I Al-electrode 3 note-books 5 pencils 1 tape 2 sun glasses 1 pairofsissors 1 nylon net (5mm for dipnets, 30 * 30 cm) 2 boxies of plastic bags 2 readymade dipnets 1 dipnet 20 mm 1 tube anod 1 plastic tube (1 m) 1 needle (big) Date 940712 Barrel 4. 1 pair of rubber boots (size 44) 2 life-jackets 5 bottles for sports-drink Barrel 6. 7 overalls 1 safety-jacket 3 rain-jackets 1 set rain-clothes (Tenson) Barrel 7. 10 buckets (101) 2 buckets (51) 1 waist-basket Barrel 8. 5 buckets 6 lids 2 bottles of formaline 1 air-pump (220 V) Bundle 7. 5 dip-nets, 1 small, 2 big (new), 1 without net (new), 1 Hasselroth Bundle 8. 1 strainer with pole 1 insect-net (Daiwa) Bundle 9. 2 anods one without contact Bundle 10. 1 anod with long cable. Bundle 11. 1 anod (Lugab) Date 940712 Barrel 5 (P-E) 1 rain-coat 1 cable 2 bottles mosquito reppelant 1 bag plastic tubings and niples for air to aquaria 2 mosquito nets (plastic) 4 plastic hangers 1 compass 1 strainer (small) 1 set plastic measuring cups (16 pieces) 1 plastic box (1000 ml) with 8 lids 36 round bottles 100 ml 96 bottles 10 ml 3 bottles 50 ml 25 bottles, square, 100 ml 7 bottles, round, 250 ml 10 bottles 500 ml 1 bottle with pH-electrolyte Barrel 3. 2 life-jackets 1 safety-line (7mm, 50 m) 3 fish-weighing bags 1 measuring tape (30 m) 2 contact adapters 12 white floaters 4 safety-hooks 2 brown floaters 1 aquaria dipnet 1 bottle Benzokain (30 g) 1 strainer (bigger) 4 strainers (medium) 1 strainer (small) 2 bottles (250 ml) with 95% ETOH 3 bottles (100 ml) with 70% ETOH 10 bottles (25 ml) with 70% ETOH lpktoflables(240) 1 tweecer Date 940712 Metal box 1 (biggest). 4 multimesh gillnets 20 ft (new) 3 multimesh gillnets 5 ft (new) 5 fyke-nets (new) 1 electrofishing unit (Safari 330) 1 katod and cable for charging 1 multimesh gillnet 5 ft stream type (used) 1 box with envelopes for scales 1 rubber gloves 4 safety lines (each 60m) 5 safety harness 3 fish-baskets (net) 4 waders size 45,45, 47 and 47 (short) 2 rubber boots size 43 both 1 box of rubber-gloves (50) 1 box scalpel-blades (70) 200 small plastic bags for tissue samples Metal box 2 (small) 3 strainer boxies (bottom-fauna) 2 multimesh gillnets 5 ft (stream type, new) 1 aquaria dipnet 3 multimesh gillnets 5 ft (used) 2 long-lines with spare hooks 10 sinkers for long-line 2 red floaters 1 thermometer 1 bottle with 70% ETOH 26 bottles 25 ml 1 portable air-pump ( for 2 1.5 V big batteries) 6 plastic boxies 11 4 bottles 500 ml 11 bottles 100 ml 1 pair of waders size 45 1 first aid kit with: 3 pkt of plasters 1 roll micropore tape 1 tube Treo (20 tabl) 2 bandages 1 bandages (elastic) 1 pkt of wound-wash 3 first aid bandages 1 box Magnecyl (100 tabl) 1 tube Arvedon (20 tabl) Date 940712 The equipment used for the Aquatic study, Kashmir, India are stored at two different localities, the Uri-civil camp in Gingal and at the Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar. At Gingal: 6 barrels 2 metal boxes 1 wooden box 5 bundles of different dip-nets At Srinagar: 3 multimesh gillnets 3 floats 1 oxygen-meter (Oxi 196) with cable 1 balance (Sartorius PT 6) 1 conductivity meter (Hanna HI 8733) 2 fish measuring boards 1 Seccii dish 1 echo-sounder for depth 4 buckets 1 electrofishing unit (Safari 33) 1 pair of waders 1 computer (Acer Note 730) 1 printer (Canon BJ-lOsx) with cable and auto paper feeder. 2 transformers for computer and printer. AQUATIC STUDY, URI PROJECT (JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA) Bottom fauna collected in Kashmir 1990 Informal report, 10 Mars 1991 Par-Erik Lingdell och Eva Engblom LIMNODATA HB Myggdalsvagen 120 S-135 43 TYRESO Sweden Tel X46-8-712 21 02 Fax X46-8-712 21 98 The report of Anders Silfergrip (On the fishes collected in Kashmir 1990. First informal report, 13 November 1990) contains information about background, itinary and sampling sites. The primary objective of the bottomfauna part of the project was to bring samples of the fauna to Sweden for identification, and to evaluate the degree of acidification and pollution in the lower part of the river Jehlum water system. The methods of sampling and evaluation is described by Lennart Nyman 1990 (Surveing Fish and Crustacean resources in tropical reservoirs: A strategy for monitoring, management and exploitation. Fisheries Development Series 42.). In short; At each site 30 samples were taken within a 50 m long section of the stream. Each sample covered a bottom area of approx. 0.2 m2, which was disturbed by kicking the bottom material for roughly 5 seconds. The realesed bottom material and animals were collected with a small handnet and preserved in 70% alcohol. The animals were later indentidfied in the labratory using a microscop. Different families of animals have different sensitivities to pollution and acidification and thus the presence or absence of certain families indicates the water quality. The biological index system used to access the water quality will be presented in the final report as well as a discussion on the identification of animals. RESULTS ( for graphics and diagrams see the report from May 1993) The bottomfauna indicated that none of the sites in the River Jehlum water system had been damaged by acidification or by severe pollution. The bottomfauna in the clear water systems River Sindh and River Buniyar was characterisized by insects requiring a clean water such as stoneflies, caddisflies and mayflies. These insects are important food for fish and for birds such as dippers. The bottomfauna in the outlet of the Lake Manasbal and in the river Jehlum within Lake Wular was complex and will be discussed in the final report. The only site bearing signs of heavy pollution was the one downstream of the town Sopor. Worms, mussels and leaches where common and stoneflies, caddisflies and mayflies were absent. In the lower part of the River Jehlum the water was to turbid to admit a normal bottomfauna. However, the scattered presence of worms, mussels and leaches together with the rare occurence of mayflies, stoneflies and caddiesflies indicated a slight pollution. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are most grateful to Mr B.S.K. Naidu (NHPC) for providing preservatives and preparing the necessesary permissions. Many thanks to Dr A.R. Yosuf of the University of Kashmir, Dr S.A. Khan (NHPC) and Mr S.S. Bist (NHPC) who kindly and skillfully collaborated during the field work and to Mr B. Ekman (SIDA) who prepared the initial conditions. AQUATIC STUDY, URI PROJECT, JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA Informal second report from the second bottom fauna survey, May 1993. PSr-Erik Lingdell och Eva Engblom, LIMNODATA HB, Gunnilbo 20 C, S-739 92 Skinnskatteberg, Sweden, Tel X46-22-28283, Fax X46-22-28284 Date 941124 The second bottom fauna survey was intended to be a taxonomic survey with analyses of bottom fauna material during 1993 and 1994 and a preliminary report in spring 1995. However, a preliminary report from the second survey was presented in spring 1994. This second report concerning the second survey presents updated bottom fauna species list including species collected by Mr Bist, NHPC during summer 1994. It also discuss the effects of the waste water effluents from the Gingal camp and the camp along River Buniyar. Lake Wular River Pahru Srinagar River Buniyar Figure 1. Locations of bottom fauna sampling sites. Black circles denotes localities visited only during 1990 and gray circles denotes localities visited in 1993 and, to some extent, in 1994. Results and discussion Sampling conditions In november 1990 the water was low and clear and it was easy to collect bottom fauna. In may 1993 the water was high and turbid and it was very dificult to collect bottom fauna. Similarties between the bottom fauna in the River Jehlum water system and other water systems in the world The species composition of the bottom fauna in the River Jehlum water system roughly resembles the fauna in the mountain areas in Sweden, Norway, Alaska, Canada, Japan and Russia. As in other mountain rivers the fauna is characterized by the mayflies Baetidae and Heptagenidae, the stoneflies Nemoridae and Capnidae, the caddisflies Hydropsychidae, Rhyacophilidae and Lepidostomatidae, the beetle Elmididae, the leech Erpobdellidae and of course the fresh water shrimp Gammaridae. Due to very turbid water the fauna in River Jehlum, but not in the tributaries, also resembles the fauna in rivers originating from glaciers. Number of taxa During 1990 the number of taxa in River Jehlum ranged from 7 to 30 (mean 18.5) and in 1993 from 3 to 21 (mean 16.2). These figures are very low compared to the range and means in comparable rivers in the Swedish mountain area (23 to 67 (mean 46)). In River Buniyar the range was 39 to 61 (mean 50) in 1990 and 16 to 21 (mean 18.5) in 1993. In 1990 but not in 1993 the number of taxa was close to the means in Sweden. Number of individuals During 1990 the number of individuals in River Jehlum ranged from 43 to 455 (mean 179.5) and in 1993 from 3 to 115 (mean 52.5). These figures are very low compared to the range and means in comparable rivers in the Swedish mountain area (523 to 8726 (mean 1725)). In River Buniyar the range was 522 to 3060 (mean 1791) in 1990 and 78 to 130 (mean 104) in 1993. In 1990 but not in 1993 the number of taxa was close to the means in Sweden. The biological effects of the waste water effluent from the Gingal camp Bottomfauna samples were taken above and below the waste water outlet from the Gingal camp. There was no significant difference in the number of species or in the number of individuals. This is mainly due to the very turbid water in River Jehlum. The effects of the waste water, if any, are to small compared to the effects of the turbid water to be notified. The biological effects of the waste water effluent from the camp along River Buniyar In 1990 there was a strong increase both in the number of taxa and in the number of individuals from the site above to the site below the camp (figure 2). In 1993 there was a slight decrease both in number of taxa and in number of individuals. The mean number of species and individuals in 1990 was very high compared to the figures in 1993. The very low figures in 1993 can be a negative biological effect of the waste water outlet. But, more likely, it is an effect of the very turbid water in 1993 (the water was to turbid to be measured with the turbidity meter (max range 200 FTU)). In 1990 the water was crystal clear. It is not known if the very high turbidity in 1993 was an effect of activities in the camp area or in the river bed. Expected changes in bottomfauna downstream the inlet of River Jehlim in River Buniyar after the completment of the power plant The bottom fauna in River Jehlum, below the outlet of River Buniyar, was very low in individuals and also low in numer of taxa (figure 3). In the future, the water flow in River Jehlum will mainly consists of water from River Buniyar. Thus, the very high contents of inorganic material will flow with a very reduced volume of water, resulting in a more turbid water and a more silty bottom. This can have negative effects on the already disturbed benthic community. The few existing clean water species will most probably bee replaced by oligochaets and chironomids. The available food for fish and birds like dippers can thus bee slightly reduced. References Lingdeli, P-E. and Engblom, E. 1990. Bottomfauna collected in Kashmir 1990. First informal report, mars 1991. Lingdeli, P-E. and Engblom, E. 1990. Aquatic Study, URI Project (Jammu and Kashmir, India). Informal Report from the second Bottom Fauna Survey, may 1993). Second informal report, april 1994. 60 50 50 -§ 30 ci 20 .US. 10 Jehlum 90 Jehlum 93 Buniyar 90 Buniyar 93 Site and year 2,000 1,791 12 1,500 2 i.ooo 500 179.5 1 104 liiiiiiii 52.5 Jehlum 90 Jehlum 93 Buniyar 90 Buniyar 93 Site and year Figure 1. Mean number of taxa and individuals in River Jehlum and River Buniyar in 1990 and 1993. 500 1990 1993 400 •3 \ : IOO \ o 7 6 5 4 2 1 Number of site 35 1990 30 ...- - 1993 at 25 20 o t-r \ 15 , X. , \ ^! 7- \ 10 \ V.., -^ \ \ 5 v 0 5 4 Number of site Figure 2. Number of individuals and number of taxa at the different sampling sites in River Jehlum during 1990 and 1993. Table 1. Preliminary list of taxa found iin the investigated localities in the River Jehlum water systemi. Number of localities as in figure 1 1 2 3J 31J 4 5 6 7 Taxa 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 TURBELLARIA Turbellaria 2 1 OLIGOCHAETA Lumbricidae 1 1 4 1 Lumbriculidae 1 Naididae 3 1 Oligochaeta 1 1 14 2 8 6 1 1 2 4 3 42 64 NEMATODA 1 Nematoda indet 2 1 4 HIRUDINEA Erpobdella octoculata 2 13 1 2 1 40 1 3 1 Hemiciepsis marginata 1 2 6 Hirudinea 1 CLADOCERA Daphnidae 4 5 2 Leptodora 2 2 Sida 1 1 21 COPEPODA Copepoda 17 4 1 1 12 8 AMPfflPODA Gammarus type A 7 15 4 76 4 1 29 1 10 52 Gammarus type B 1 2 1 9 1 17 3 ODONATA Aeshnidae 1 Zygoptera 1 6 11 1 1 2 3/V 313 4 5 6 7 Taxa 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 EPHEMEROPTERA Baetis rhodani type A 1 6 38 64 20 1 5 1 Baetis rhodani type B 7 6 5 9 1 2 6 Baetus getnellus type C 1 Baetis fuscatus type D 2 Baetis type E 2 2 Baetis muticus type F 1 Baetis gracilis type G 2 1 1 5 3 5 1 4 1 Baetis type H 2 53 2 Baetidae type I 50 1 Baetiella type J 1 2 Caenis 3 1 1 17 1 2 2 1 Drunella 5 3 1 30 2 4 Ecdyonurus type A 2 17 Ecdyonurus type B 5 46 2 1 72 1 12 15 31 93 1 Ephemerella 1 5 2 Heptagenidae 11 Iron type A 3 2 Iron type B 7 1 4 85 Iron type C 15 1 20 Neoephemeridae 2 2 1 13 7 12 1 61 2 1 Procloeon 2 1 Rhithrogena 3 7 1 39 40 1 71 13 16 4 17 11 Torleya 1 1 PLECOPTERA Amphinemura 12 70 Capniidae 9 99 Chloroperlidae 1 1 2 3i\ 31J 4 5 6 7 Taxa 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 Nemoura 22 4 124 4 5 1 Perlidae 1 1 5 3 Perlodidae 1- 41 HEMIPTERA Apelocheridae 2 COLEOPTERA Berosusassamensis 1 Coleoptera indet 1 Dryops 3 Elimididae type A 1 1 4 36 1 Elimididae type B 2 38 Grouvellinus 1 Grouvellinus rioloides 1 7 2 00 Hydroglyphus pusillus 1 1 Laccobius 1 Limnebius 1 Platambus 1 Stenelmis 2 2 4 1 1 2 Stenelmis consobrina 6 Stenelmis pubemla 2 MEGALOPTERA Megaloptera 4 4 TRICHOPTERA Agape tus 1 1 11 Brachycentridae 2 2 80 Cheumatopsyche 3 5 2 82 1 20 5 28 73 2 Glossosoma 1 5 3 47 90 1 1 Goeridae 2 1 2 3/\ 313 4 5 6 7 Taxa 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 Hydtopsyche type A 5 7 1 3 Hydropsyche type B 17 3 13 2 Hydropsyche type C 1 1 188 537 6 19 2 20 Hydropsyche type D 15 Hydropsychidae 1 14 1 Lepidostomatidae 1 3 6 337 Limnephlidae 1 Psychomyia 1 4 Rhyacophila type A 1 2 1 Rhyacophila type B (Mesorhyacophila) 2 Rhyacophila type C (Mesorhyacophila) 1 Rhyacophila type D (Hyporhyacophila) 4 1 19 1 2 Rhyacophila type E (Paleorhyacophila) 3 Rhyacophila type F (Hyporiiyacophila) 1 1 Stenopsyche 2 6 Trichoptera 1 DIPTERA Athericidae 21 2 8 Bezzia 1 2 3 4 Blepharoceridae 1 1 3 Chironomidae 1 5 Chironomini 2 3 1 1 3 1 13 12 1 Chironomus 4 9 6 1 Diamesinae 8 3 7 42 716 2 3 6 16 3 8 Diptera 1 1 Dolichopodidae 1 2 Empididae 1 1 2 1 Ephyridae 1 1 2 3; 31J 4 5 6 7 Taxa 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1990 1993 1994 1990 1993 1994 Eriopterinae 2 1 1 1 1 Hexatominae 1 3 15 2 1 Limoniidae 26 Limoniinae 3 4 1 Muscidae 1 Orthocladinae 3 5 16 5 16 1 2 3 11 5 3 Pediciinae 1 Simuliidae 2 19 1 212 1 3 3 Syrphidae 1 Tabanidae 1 1 1 1 18 1 1 Tanypodinae 4 2 Tanytarsini 3 18 75 1 5 3 3 4 Tipulidae 1 1 BIVALVIA CorbiCula 55 22 2 15 53 1 2 1 Sphaeridae 1 1 2 GASTROPODA Gyraulus 1 1 Gyraulus acronicus 2 Lymnaeastagnaiis 1 Radix ovata 1 5 2 1 16 1 2 AMPHIBIA Amphibia 1 PISCES Catfish 6 Fish indet 4 1 4 Number of taxa 7 19 20 21 14 39 21 6 61 16 20 12 13 20 13 3 30 20 6 29 21 6 Number of individuals 66 49 146 60 53 522 130 58 3060 78 152 43 16 178 186 3 181 72 41 455 115 8 Preliminary list of Mayflies found in Kashmir and nearby areas A literature study Eva Engblom och Par-Erik Lingdell 901210 MAYFLIES FROM KASHMIR AND NEARBY AREAS Family BAETIDAE Genus Baetiella Ueno Baetiella ladakae Traver, 1939. India (Kashmir) 1 Genus Baetis Leach Baetis acuticostalis Dubey, 1971. India (Himachal Pradesh). 12 Baetis bifurcatus Kapur & Kripalani, 1963. 1 Baetis chandra Kapur & Kripalani, 1963. India (Himachal Pradesh). 12 Baetis festivus Kapur & Kripalani, 1963. India (Himachal Pradesh). 2 Baetis himalayana Kapur & Kripalani, 1963. India (Himachal Pradesh). 12 Baetis lahaulensis Kaul & Dubey, 1970. India (Himachal Pradesh). 123 Baetis longistylus Kaul & Dubey, 1970. India (Himachal Pradesh). 12 Baetis macanis Ali, 1967. Pakistan (Rawalpindi). 3 Baetis meeheanis Ali, 1967. Pakistan (Rawalpindi). 3 Baetis punjabensis Kapur & Kripalani, 1963. India (Himachal Pradesh). I Baetis septemmenes Dubey, 1971. India (Himachal Pradesh). 1 Baetis simplex Kapur & Kripalani, 1963. India (Himachal Pradesh). 23 Baetis solangensis Dubey, 1971. India (Himachal Pradesh). 1 Genus Cloeon Leach Cloeon apicatum Navas, 1931. Pakistan (Qetta). 1 Cloeon gillican Ali, 1967. Pakistan (Rawalpindi). 3 Cloeon inscriptum Bengtsson, 1914. India (Nurba Valley, Srinagar). Europe. 123 Cloeon kashmiri Traver, 1939. India (Kashmir). 12 Genus Procloeon Bengtsson Procloeon debilis (Walker), 1860. India (Hindustan). 2 l=Male, 2=Female, 3=Nymph LIMNODATA HB 9019.09 2 MAYFLIES FROM KASHMIR AND NEARBY AREAS Family CAENIDAE Genus Caenis Stephens Caenis kimminsis AH, 1967. Pakistan (Rawalpindi). 3 Caenis srinagari Traver, 1939. India (Kashmir). 12 Family EPHEMERELLIDAE Genus Epheraerella Walsh Ephemerella (Acerella) uenoi Allen & Edmunds, 1955. Nepal. 3 Ephemerella (Crinitella) coheri Allen & Edmunds, 1963. Nepal. 3 Ephemerella (Crinitella) nasiri Ali, 1971. Pakistan (Azad Kashmir). 3 Ephemerella (Crinitella) swatensis AH, 1971. Pakistan (). 3 Ephemerella (Crinitella) wahensis Ali, 1971. Paksitan (Azad Kashmir). 3 Ephemerella (Drunella) gilliesi Allen & Edmunds, 1963. Nepal. 3 Ephemerella (Drunella) traverae Allen & Edmunds, 1963. India (Kashmir). 3 Ephemerella (Torleya) nepalica Allen & Edmunds, 1963. Nepal. 3 Ephemerella (Torleya) indica Kapur & Kripalani, 1963. India (Himachal Pradesh). 2 Family EPHEMERIDAE Genus Ephemera Linnaeus Ephemera (Ephemera) brunnea, Nomen Novum. Abbotabad, Pakistan. 1 •Ephemera striatus Ali, 1970. Name preoccupied by Linnaeus, 1767. Ephemera (Ephemera) consors Eaton 1892. India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim). 12 Ephemera (Ephemera) exspectans (Walker), 1860. India ("Hindustan" ao). 2 Ephemera (Ephemera) pramodi Dubey, 1971. Nepal. 12 Ephemera (Ephemera) remensa Eaton, 1892. India (Himachal Pradesh, Mussorie). 12 Ephemera (Ephemera) soanica Ali, 1967. Pakistan (Rawalpindi). 3 l=Male, 2=Female, 3=Nymph LIMNODATA HB 901209 3 MAYFLIES FROM KASHMIR AND NEARBY AREAS Family HEPTAGENIIDAE Genus Afronurus Lestage Afronorus curt us Dubey, 1971. India (Himachal Pradesh). 2 Afronorus solangensis Dubey, 1971. India (Himachal Pradesh). 2 Ecdyonurus Eaton Ecdyonurus annulifer (Walker) 1860. India (Khandala, Maharashtra). 2 Ecdyonurus islambadicus Ali, 1967. Paksitan (Rawalpindi). 3 Genus Epeorus Eaton Epeorus (Epeorus) lahaulensis Kapur & Kripalani, 1963. India (Himachal Pradesh). 1 Epeorus (Epeorus) psi Eaton, 1885. India (Himachal Pradesh), Taiwan. 12 Genus Heptagenia Walsh Heptagenia hazaraensis Ali, 1970. Abbotabad, Pakistan. 1 Heptagenia solangensis Dubey, 1971. India (Himachal Pradesh). 12 Genus Ororotsia Traver Ororotsia hutcinsoni Traver, 1939. India (Himalaya). 23 Genus Rhitrogena Eaton Rhitrogena basiri Ali, 1971. Swat, Pakistan. 3 Genus Ichtybotus Eaton Ichtybotus dodecus Dubey, 1971. India (Himachal Pradesh) 12 *McCafferty (1973) states that the species does not belong to EPHEMEROIDEA?? Family LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE Genus Atalophlebia Eaton Atalophlebia chialhnia Dubey, 1971. India (Himachal Pradesh). 2 Genus Thraulodes Ulmer l=Male, 2=Female, 3=Nymph LIMNODATA HB 901209 4 MAYFLffiS FROM KASHMIR AND NEARBY AREAS Thraulodes marhieus Dubey, 1970. India (Himachal Pradesh). 2 *Probably misplaced at generic level. Family OLIGONEURIIDAE Genus Oligoneuriella Ulmer Oligoneuriella kashmirensis (Ali), 1971. Pakistan (Azad Kashmir). 3 Family SIPHLONURIDAE Genus Ameletus Eaton Ameletus primitivus Traver, 1939. India (Himalaya). 123 l=Male, 2=Female, 3=Nymph LIMNODATA HB 901209 Water vegetation in the bottom fauna sampling sites. Cover of vegetation was estimated with an index that varies from 0 (=absent) to 6 (continu- ous). Values from 1 to 5 refer to an increasing cover from very low to almost continuous. 1 Jelum 2 Jelum 3a 3b 4 Jelum 5 Jelum 6 Jelum 7 Jelum 8Pharu 10b lib 12 13 Buniyar Buniyar Jelum Outlet Sindh Jelum in Wular from River Manas- bal Bryophyta - - - 1 ------Cyanophyta ------I - - - - - Chloropphyta l 1 3 1 1 l 2 1 l - - Phaeophyta ------4 - - :- Bathrachospermum ------1 - - - Nostoc - - 1 ------1 - Trapa natans ------1 1 - - i Salvinia - l - - 1 l 1 1 1 ; i Potamogeton - - - - 1 - 1 1 - l 4 i ;- Ceratophyllum ------1 - - 2 1 Myriophyllum ------1 - - - 4 - - Elodea canadensis ------2 - Nymphaea ------Lemna - - - - - l - - - 1 - - Number of taxa 1 2 2 2 3 3 7 6 l 4 5 2 |2 Total cover l 1 3 1 1 1 3 4 1 2 5 1 1 Materials in bottom "sediment" collected in the bottomfauna samples. Cover of leaves a. o. was estimated with an index that varies from 0 (=absent) to 6 (continuous). Values from 1 to 5 refer to an increasing cover from very low to almost continuous. 1 2 3a 3b 4 5 6 7 8 10b lib 12 13 Jelum Jelum Buniyar Buniyar Jelum Jelum Jelum Jelum Pharu Jelum in Outlet from Sindh Jelum Wular Manas-bal River Needles - l l l 1 - - - - - ] - Leaves 1 l l l 1 1 l l l l l 1 l i Treepicies 2 l l 3 1 l 2 3 2 3 1 1 2 Charcoal 1 l l l l 1 1 1 1 3 - i 4 Remains from fresh vegetation 1 l l l - 1 2 1 - 3 3 ] 2 Remains from vegetation partly 1 2 1 l 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 2 broken down Remains from terrestrial insect - - l ------Remains from Trapa natans - 1 - - - - 1 2 - 2 - 2 Remains from Lemna - - - - - l 1 ------Remains from Salvinia - 2 - - - l 3 - - - - - Remains from Myriophyllum ------1 ------Feathers ------1 - - 1 - - 1 Textilfibres 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - 3 Musselshells - 1 - - 1 1 - - - 2 - - 2 Fishscales - - - - 1 ------1 Fruit remains ------2 Small picies of metal 1 1 - - 1 1 - 1 2 1 1 - 1 Weight (gram) 36 70 10 42 5 11 212 110 22 350 65 37 314 Bottom material in the bottom fauna sampling sites. Cover of stones a. o. was estimated with an index that varies from 0 (=absent) to 6 (continu- ous). Values from 1 to 5 refer to an increasing cover from very low to almost continuous. 1 2 3a 3b 4 5 6 7 8 10b 1 lb Outlet from 12 13 Jelum Jelum Buniyar Buniyar Jelum Jelum Jelum Jelum Pharu Jelum in Manas-bal Sindh Jelum Wular River Large boulders 1 2 1 2 5 4 2 l - - - - 1 Large stones 3 3 2 2 ------1 - Stones 1 2 3 3 1 1 3 2 4 1 2 6 1 Coarse gravel 1 2 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - • Gravel 2 1 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - 1 3 Sand 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 - - - 1 |3 Fine sand ------2 - Slame ------4 - - - - Clay ------4 6 4 - Rots from trees ------2 - Macrophyte remains ------2 - 1 !- Pieces of branches - - 1 ------Civilisation remains 1 - - - - - 2 - 2 - - - 2 Ferric 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Description of bottom fauna sampling sites. Site name Approximate depth in meter velocity in meter/- mean velocity in turbulence A jB stream width in second meter/- second meter 1 Jehlum 50 0.5 0.1-1.4 0.8 4 1 2 Jehlum 50 0.2 0.1-0.6 0.4 2 1 ] 3a Buniyar 10-15 0.6 0.3-1.7 0.7 4 0 3 3b Buniyar 8-15 0.3 0.3-1.6 0.7 4 2 2 4 Jehlum 50 0.7 0.1-0.6 0.5 ] 2 1 5 Jehlum 50 0.6 0.1-0.6 0.4 1 2 0 6 Jehlum 50 0.5 0.1-1.0 0.4 3 0 ] 7 Jehlum 50 1 0.1-1.2 0.6 3 0 1 8 Pharu 50 0.4 0.1-0.6 0.4 2 0 1 10b Jehlum in Wular lake 20 1 0.0-0.2 0.1 0 2 3 lib Outlet from Manasbal 10 0.4 0.2-0.6 0.5 0 0 4 12 Sindh River 8-20 0.8 0.1-2.0 0.9 4 0 1 13 Jellum 100 1.2 0.0-0.2 0.1 0 0 1 Turbulence : 1 denotes a very "smooth" surface and 6 a very "rough" surface, 0 denotes a very calm lake-like surface. Values from 2 to 5 refer to an increasing turbulence from low to high. A : 1 denotes that just a small part of the riverbank is so constructed that fishes can hide under the river bank and 6 denotes that there are plenty of such places and 0 that there were no such places. B : The figures here denotes the degre of "shadowness". 0 indicates a river situated in an absolutely flat field with no shadowing trees or bushes. 6 indicates a river completely shadowed by step banks or very dense vegetation. Values from 1 to 5 refer to an increasing shadowness from very low to almost continuous. REPORT ON AN INTERVIEW SURVEY AMONG FISHERMEN OF THE JHELUM RIVER SYSTEM, KASHMIR, INDIA Scientist in charge Dr. A. R. Yousuf Reader, P. G. Department of Zoology, The University of Kashmir, Srinagar Other Members Dr. Masood H. Balkht, Department of Fisheries, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Kashmir Mr M. Farooq Mir, Research Fellow, P. G. Dept. of Zoology, The Uni- versity of Kashmir, Srinagar Miss Gazala Firdous, Senior Research Fellow, P. G. Dept. of Zoology, The University of Kashmir, Srinagar The interview survey of the fishermen living along and working in the river Jhelum and its tributaries, including lakes Wular and Manasbal, was conducted during December 1993 and April 1994. A total of eighteen persons, fifteen of them directly involved in fishing profession, were interviewed by the team. The list of the persons interviewed is given in Table 1. The important points revealed by the persons interviewed are presented hereunder. 1. The first person to be interviewed by the team was Mr Khaliq Dar, who was, at the time of interview, fishing with a net in River Jhelum between Baramullah and Sheen. Mr Dar resides at Yeriwun (Baramullah). He revealed that he mainly gets in his catches fishes like a) CHHURRU, b) CHUSH, c) KHONT , d) SATTER and e) PUNJABE GAD. He did not know where the fish bred. However, he was sure about this thing that during spring, when the fish have mature gonads, they move upstream towards the Wular lake, and during autumn the fish moved downstream. He mentioned that Kashmiri fish (Schizothorax) with small snout was CHUSH, while CHHURRU had long snout. KHONT has thick lips, while SATTER GAD was yellowish in colour. 2. Jabar Dar, aged 70 -. 80 years, resides at Gantamullah Payeen and has been fishing for the last 40 or so years. It was not his ancestral profession but because of the incentive provided by it, he chose this job and has been doing well. According to him the fishing in the area is done by nets with 400- 500 meshes linearly as well as by hooks and lines. Fishing at night gives better results. He had seen CHHURRU upto a weight of 8 kg. He did not give any details about the breeding grounds but said that the fish go for upstream migration. 3. Ghulam Mohamad Faffoo, a resident of Shalteng, Sheen, has an experience of 30 years in fishing. According to him nets and lines are used by the fishermen in the area. He fishes in the river Jhelum from Sheen to Gantamullah, and also in Mandri Nallah(Stream), which joins the river at Sheen. He recognised four kinds of schizothoracine fish: CHHURRU - long snout, body with black spots CHUSH - Yellowish in colour KHONT - short and thick lips SATTER - yellowish belly According" to him fishes go upstream in spring (March) with gonads fully developed. Downstream pr start* intautumn. He identified the spawning grounds in the Mandri Nallah during summer and autumn. WhSh t the water recedes during late summer, small pools are formed in which the fry get killed. 4. Rehman Dar, aged 65, is a resident of Khanpura, Baramullah. Fishing is his ancestral profession. He uses nets having 400, 500, 700 and 800 meshes linearly. He talked of upstream migration during spring when fish come from places like Muzafar Abad (Pakistan Controlled Kashmir). CHHURRU is, as per his experience, the most dominant fish in the river, and may reach a weight of 8 kg. While migrating, the fish move in shoals. The up-going fish have mature eggs. While coming upstream, the fish become very weak and go for feeding in the Wular before going to their breeding grounds in Pohru, Vij, Tallar, Mawar and other streams. After breeding the fish again go to the Wular for feeding before downstream migration. Gonads are ripe in June - July. When eggs are laid, some of them are eaten by other fish. The ones that remain hidden behind gravel, etc. hatch into fry. According to him the Lower Jhelum Barrage has affected the migration of the fish. The ladder is not satisfactory, as before the Barrage they used nets with 800 meshes and had good catch at upstream migration, but now the net does not give such results. 5. Mohamad Sultan Dar, aged about 50 years, also hails from Khanpura, Baramullah. Basically a fisherman, he has now changed his profession, but retains a good knowledge about fish of the river. According to him the fish migrate in shoals and could be seen easily if it is sunny and warm. Lower Jhelum Barrage has greatly affected the fish as they are easily trapped in the ladders while they come upstream. 6. Mohamad Shaban Dar, aged 30 years, is a resident of Sopore and fishes in the river Jhelum and Pohru Nallah. He identified the local fish as: KHONT - thick lips, muddy in colour CHHURRU -mouth gape large CHUSH- mouth small SATTER- yellowish body KAND GURUN - small fish with spines According to him the fish come from Pakistan in spring for breeding in Pohru Nallah. There they go to areas having gravel and run for some distance rubbing their bodies against the hard bottom objects. Gonads are ripe in spring and the eggs ooze out easily at this time if pressure is applied on belly. Small fry go to Wular lake when water recedes. 7. Abdul Rehman Dar, a resident of Chhanakhan, Sopore, was interviewed at Seel, Dangarpora, on the bank of Pohru Nallah. The fisherman claimed to have an experience of twenty years in fishing, being about 40 years in age. He fishes in river Jhelum from Baramullah to Gantamullah and also in Pohru. According to him the distinguishing features of the fish are: KHONT - thick lips, broad mouth CHUSH - thick lips but smaller and pointed mouth like that of a mouse, yellowish belly. CHHURRU - black spots on dorsal and lateral side. According to him the spring migration occurs during May - June. Rough surface is needed for rubbing the belly. In Jhelum the breeding grounds are at Ladura. In Pohru the breeding grounds are from Nagree upwards up to Bramree, a stretch of 5 - 6 km. Other Nallahs used, include Tallar, Mawar, Laam, etc. After breeding the fish weaken and are caught easily. The eggs are washed into areas with slow current. According to him the fish are able to negotiate the ladders of the Lower Jhelum Barrage but are caught by the people guarding the Barrage by closing the sluice gates of the ladder. He is afraid that Uri Barrage will also affect the fish and suggested that, instead of ladder, there should be a long side-channel through which the fish can move freely. 8. Ghulammud-Din Kawa, aged 55 years, is a resident of Chhanakhan, Sopore. He fishes in Jhelum and Wular. According to him the KHONT , CHHURRU and CHUSH fishes migrate towards Khadanyar down-stream during winter, and return only during spring. As per his experience, SATTER GAD does not go for long migration and lays eggs in Wular lake. CHHURRU, CHUSH and KHONT lay eggs in Pohru Nallah during June - July. The female makes a run and lays the eggs and the male quickly covers them with milt. Two spots appear on the eggs and soon they hatch. Some young ones are destroyed by the people who collect broken wood pieces from the water. He says that PUNJABE GAD spawns thrice - in February, June and October / November. During spawning it swims rapidly and jumps occasionally, rubs its body against the roots and lays eggs. ALF GAD spawns in Ferozepore Nallah. CHHURRU, CHUSH and KHONT lay eggs in the area above Nagree in Pohru. According to him Lower Jhelum Barrage has badly affected the fish. If there is a shut down any time all the fish are washed downstream. On the other hand in spring, when the fishes reach the ladder for upstream migration, the people guarding the ladder catch them in plenty. According to him the upstream going fish reach the Wular lake and take some rest there and start feeding. Soon they leave the lake and go for spawning in the Nallahs which form tributaries of river Jhelum and Wular lake. After spawning is over the fish again enter Wular lake for feeding. Afterwards they start downward migration during winter. 9. Jabar Dar, 80-90 years old, resides at Dachhigam, Bandipore. He used to fish in Wular lake and Madhumati Nallah during winter and summer respectively. According to him CHHURRU has blackish body with spots. CHUSH has reddish tinge. He says that the fish breed in Nallahs like Madhumati, Sindh, etc. and migrate upstream. Breeding occurs from June onwards. The breeding takes place in stony areas where the body is rubbed to release the eggs. Hatchlings appear as needles and remain in slow water with sandy bottom. Towards autumn, the fish move downwards again. According to him ALE GAD and PUNJABE GAD lay eggs in Wular lake. Same is the case with the ROPPUT. 10. Ghulam Mohamad Dar, also a resident of Dachhigam, Bandipore, says that Wular enlarges duiing summer. He uses three types of nets in the lake - GURAN JAAL with 1800 - 2000 meshes, NAMBLI JAAL, with 800 meshes and ordinary JAAL with 1000 meshes. According to him PUNJABE GAD lays eggs within the lake itself by nibbing their bodies against macrophytes. The fish spawns twice during a year and its fecundity is higher than the KASHMIRI GAD. The KASHMIRI GAD spawn in running waters and the female leads the male. During spawning their dorsal side remains above the surface and the spawning takes place in gravelly areas. After spawning fish become very weak. Madhumati and Erin Nallahs are the breeding areas and migration towards them takes place during spring. While CHHURRU leaves the breeding grounds soon after spawning, the CHUSH stays back for some time. Fishing is banned in Madhumati and Erin Nallahs during May and June. 11. Sanaullah Mir(45 years age) of Chaki-Hathmullah (Nagree) fishes in Pohru Nallah, which, according to him, originates from Chokibal and joins river Jhelum at Doabgah. KASHMIRI GAD dominate in the Nallah. He has recorded 7 kg. KHONT. According to him the upward migration starts in March and the breeding from May onwards till September. The eggs are laid in sandy areas. When the water recedes numerous pools are formed in the Nallahs in which the fry get trapped and most of them perish because of loss of contact with the main Nallah , as also by becoming easy prey. 12. Ghulam Rasool, Head Watcher in the State Fisheries Department, resides at Parray Pora, Hathmullah on the bank of Pohru Nallah. According to him KHONT, CHHURRU and CHUSH are present in the Pohru. Egg laying takes place during May - June and many of the fry die because of drying of water in the Nallah. Fishing in the Nallah is banned during May - June. 13. Amma Dar, a resident of Sopore (Chhanakhan), has been fishing for the last fifty years, from Baramullah to Wular. He gave the following names to the fish of the river - ALE GAD, CHHURRU, KHONT, SATTER, RAMA GAD, LIPPUT. According to him KASHMIRI GAD spawns in running water, where the fish move against the current rubbing their bodies against the gravel. It spawns only once, while LIPPUT spawns twice. In Pohru the spawning grounds occur above Jaggarpur. 14. Ramzan Sheikh, a resident of Ladi (Boniyar), is basically a farmer. According to him there are no professional fishermen in the area and occasionally some persons use hook and line to catch fish. Alongside his farmland runs the Hapat Khai (Boniyar Nallah). He , however, could not say much about the fish, except that small fry are seen in the Nallah during the months of Jeith and Harh of Hindu Calender(=June - July ) in slow flowing areas of the Nallah. 15. Ghulam Mohamad, an employee in the Education Department, resides in Trikanjan (Boniyar). He has a good knowledge of fishes of the area. According to him the fishes are abundant in the Nallah upto June. Floods start in June - July and after floods the fish population declines in the Nallah. The fish go upwards in April and the return migration starts in August. Breeding grounds are located in Hapat Khai as also in its tributary called Bachi Nallah. Fry are abundant in the area. 16. Habibullah Dar, aged about 60, resides at Gratbal, a small village on the northern bank of lake Manasbal. He is a fisherman by profession but also acts as a middle man for other fishermen. He recognises ALE GAD, SATTER GAD, DUSS, CHHURRU, PUNJABE GAD, and GANG GAD. According to him some fish in the lake move to shallower parts where springs occur and lay their eggs there. PUJABE GAD lays its eggs on macrophytes. Other KASHMIRI fish move to Nunneyar Nallah, the lone distributary of the lake, and spawn there in the areas with gravel and sand. Gonads are mature in April. According to him the fishermen's catch contains more KASHMIRI GAD in whiter in the lake. 17. Lala Dar, 100 year old fisherman of Gaugarhama, a small village on the western bank of Sindh Nallah near Ganderbal, named CHHURRU, CHUSH, ALE GAD and KHONT in the Sindh Nallah. According to him the migration of fish starts in spring when the temperature rises and the water in the Nallah increases. There are less fish daring winter. The fish migrate to Wular lake via Anchar lake during autumn. Gonads are fully mature in spring. The fish spawn in areas with gravelly bottom. The fry are trapped in pools when water recedes. He identified the fish as: CHHURRU - with long snout, black spots and blackish colour. CHUSH - with small snout, can eat anything KHONT - with thick lips, licks stones. 18. Gulzar Ahmed, aged 35 years, resides at Gangarhama, Ganderbal.and has a ten - year experience in fishing. He described the spawning process in detail. According to him the female swims in front of the male and rubs its body against the gravel releasing the eggs. The male follows the female quickly and covers the eggs with milt. If the fertilised eggs remain undisturbed, they develop in 20 or so days into small fry, which collect in small shallow depressions. The fry are easily caught by fishermen, particularly in Anchar lake, and this results in low recruitment to the stock. CONCLUSIONS: A critical assessment of the interviews leads one to the following conclusions: 1 .The fishermen know three groups of fishes in the aquatic habitats of me valley of Kashmir - a) the first group includes all the local fish which occur naturally in the Kashmir waters. This group includes Cyprinidae(Sub families Schizothoracinae and Cyprininae), Sisoridae and Cobitidae. All these fishes ( especially the Schizothoracinae ) are collectively called KASHMIRI GAD ( GAD = Fish in Kashmniri language ); b) the second group is , that of the exotic carps, Cyprinus carpio ( scale and mirror carps )and Carassius carassius (Crucian carp). These are called PUJABE GAD and GANG GAD respectively; and c) the third group is that of exotic trouts (Salmonidae), Salmo trutta and S. gairdneri, both called TROATTH GAD by the local people. Exotic carps occur mainly in the lakes and also in some parts of the Jhelum but are totally absent in the fast flowing streams. These fish breed in the shallow areas of the lakes in the macrophyte - infested regions. The exotic trouts, on the other hand,are restricted to the torrential streams and breed there. As such the only group which performs breeding migrations in the valley includes various species of Schizothorax and Oreinus. 2. The species of fish which were identified by the fishermen include: KHONT - Oreinus plagiostomus CHHURRU - Schizothorax esocinus CHUSH - S. planifrons SATTER GAD - S. curvifrons ALE GAD - S. niger RAMA GAD - Schizothorax sp. ROPPUT - Labeospp. TETTHER - Crossocheilus latius RAMA GURUN - Botia birdi ARA GURUN - Nemachilus spp. NAYID - Glyptothorax spp. + Glyptosternum spp. + Exostoma spp. PUNJABE GAD- Cyprinus carpio GANG GAD - Carassius carassius TROATTH - Salmo spp. 3. The schizothoracine species, except S. niger, undergo periodic migrations up and downstream. The upstream migration takes place during spring, when they come from places as downstream as Muzafar Abad in Azad Kashmir to breed in hill streams. The downstream migration occurs during autumn (September - November ). When the fish move upstream they become very weak and before going to the breeding places,take some rest in lacustrine habitats like Wular lake and feed there for some time. The breeding grounds are located in various torrential streams such as Boniyar, Bachi Nallah, Pohru, Ferozepur Nallah, Madhumati, Erin, Mawar, Tallar, Sindh, etc. Breeding takes place in the shallow areas of these streams, where the bottom has gravel and sand. The spawning run starts with the female swimming with its dorsal fin close to the surface of water. While swimming it rubs its belly with hard surfaces and the eggs are released. The female is closely followed by the male fish which covers the eggs by its milt. The fertilized eggs , when at suitable place(sandy bottom with slow current) develop into fry which are seen in large numbers in such areas. Since the melting of snow is complete by July/August the water in the Nallahs recedes by August and a large number of fry and fingerlings get trapped in pools of water left by receding Nallah. These fry and fingerlings become easy prey for carnivores including human beings. If the fry are in the areas where the water maintains connection with the main Nallah, they survive and remain there for the winter. The fishermen who were interviewed showed several such places. On surveying these, our team could procure young of the year of CHHURRU, CHUSH and SATTER GAD at Shalteng in Mandri Nallah, Seel Dangarpora , Hathmullah and Doabgah in Pohru Nallah, Dachhigam in Madhumati and Gangarhatna in Sindh Nallah, with the help of Electrofisher. 4. While moving downstream the fish first move to lacustrine habitats (if in running waters ),where they feed for some time before starting the migration towards lower reaches of the Jheium. Several populations remain in the lakes during the winter. This is evident from the fact that the Fishermen have higher catches during winter, as was expressed by the fishermen at Manasbal, Ganderbal and Wular. 5. Although the fish ladder provided at Lower Jheium Barrage is satisfactorily negotiated by the fish , the fish become easy prey for the people who guard the Barrage . This needs to be taken into consideration and some sort of cover be designed for the ladder to be constructed at Uri Barrage so as to protect the fish . 6. The ban on fishing during the breeding period in the Nallahs, mentioned in the report, needs to u be enforced properly. Not only should the ban on fishing be maintained but other activities in these areas like extraction of sand and gravel as well as broken pieces of wood (called HAKH in Kashmiri) need to be stopped completely during the breeding season of the fish.Then only can the recruitment of the young to the lakes and streams be increased.Construction of hatcheries for the artificial propagation of the fish in the natural habitat is also recommended. Table 1. List of the persons interviewed during the Interview Survey of the river Jhelum in December, 1993 and April, 1994 S .No Date Name of Person Residence Age Fishing Area (Years) 1_ 27.12.93 Khaliq Dar Yeriwun c60 Baramullah to Sheeri (Baramullah) 2 -do- Jabar Dar Gantamullah 70-80 Gantamullah to Lower Payeen Jhelum Barrage 3 28.12.93 G.Mohamad Faffoo Shalteng c45 Sheeri Sheen Jhelum & Mandri 4 -do- Rehman Dar Khanpora 65 Baramullah Baramullah 5 -do- M. Sultan Dar+ Khanpora 50 Baramuliah 6 29.12.93 M.Shaban Dar Chhanakhan c30 Jhelum & Pohru Sopore near Doabgah 7 -do- A. Rehman Dar -do- c40 -do- 8 30.12.93 Ghulammud-Din Kawa -do- 55 Wular & Jhelum 9 31.12.93 Jabar Dar Dachhigam 80-90 Wular & Madhu- Bandipore mati 10 -do- G.Mohamad Dar -do- 35 -do- 11 10.04.94 Sanaullah Mir Chaki- 45 Pohru Hathmullah Jhelum 12 -do- Ghulam Rasool* Parray c50 Mohala Hathmulah 13 -do- Amma Dar Chhanakhan 50 Wular ,Jhelum Sopore & Pohru 14 13.04.94 Ramzan Sheikh.** Ladi, IJoni- 50 ... yar 15 -do- Ghulam Mohamad*** Trikanjan c40 • • • • • Boniyar 16 14.04.94 Habibullah Dar Gratbal 60 Manasbal lake Manasbal 17 17.04.94 Lala Dar Gangarhama 100 Sindh Nallah Ganderbal 18 -do- Gulzar Ahmed -do- c35 -do- + Basically a fisherman, has chosen some other job later on * Employed in State Fisheries as Head Watcher ** Basically a farmer, resides on the bank of Boniyar Nallah *** Employed in Education Department, has a good knowledge of fish in the Nallah