February 2021

Current Affairs – February, 2021 1 Art and Culture

Madhya Pradesh Government Organises Kamdani: “Raag-Bhopali” Exhibition ♦♦ This is lighter needlework done on more Why in the news? lightweight materials such as scarves, veils, The Madhya Pradesh Government is organizing the and caps. ‘Raag-Bhopali’ exhibition to promote Zari-Zardozi Mina work: crafts of Bhopal. ♦♦ It is called because it is similar to enamel Important Points: work. ●● The exhibition will be organized at Gauhar ♦♦ The embroidery is done in gold. Mahal in Bhopal. Ramateertham Temple ●● This will give impetus to the ‘Ek Zila- Ek Why in the news? Shilp’ campaign of Madhya Pradesh. A 400-year-old idol of Lord Rama has been van- ●● The main zari production Centre is Bhopal, dalised at the Ramateertham temple in Andhra Madhya Pradesh. Pradesh’s Vizianagaram. ●● Embroidery done with metal thread is called This has given rise to political unrest in Andhra kalabattu and forms zari. Pradesh. ●● Here, the metal ingots are melted into a metal rod called pasa, which is beaten to obtain a certain length after processing. ●● Then pull it through a steel plate with holes to make it into a wire, and then perform the Tarkashi process to make it thin through a rubber and diamond mold. ●● The last stage is called badla, where the wires are flattened and twisted with silk or cotton thread to form Kasab or kalabattu. Types of Zari Work: Zardozi: ♦♦ This is a heavy and delicate embroidery Important Points: work, using various gold threads, spangles, ●● Ramateertham temple is a 16th-century temple. beads and gota. ●● The temple is 12 kilometres away from Vizian- agaram. ♦♦ They are used to decorate wedding outfits, ●● Ramateertham is one of the sacred places of heavy coats, cushions, curtains, etc. traditional communication with Lord Rama.

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●● The famous ancient temple of Ramachandra such as processing and weaving. Swamy can be found here. ●● South India is the leading silk producing area ●● The idols of Lord Ramachandra Swamy, Sita of the country and is also known for its famous and Lakshmana in Silver kavachas can be seen silk weaving enclaves like Kancheepuram, at this temple. Dharmavaram, Arni, etc. Eri Silk of Assam Other varieties of Silk: Why in the news? 1. Mulberry silk: The Assam government will provide khadi shirt, ♦♦ Among these four kinds, the mulberry silk eri shawl and eri stole to Grade IV employees contributes to more than 80% of the silk in a phased manner, in a move to pay tributes to produced in the country. Mahatma Gandhi and his movement for Khadi. ♦♦ Except for mulberry, other non-mulberry Important Points: varieties of silks are wild silks, known as ●● Eri silk is also known as endi or errandi in vanya silks. India. 2. Tasar silk: ●● Around forty percent of Eri Silk is produced ♦♦ Its two varieties are Oak Tasar & Tropical in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Bihar, Tasar. Orrisa, Karnataka, Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Jharkhand. ♦♦ It is primarily produced in the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand, ●● Eri silk comes from the caterpillar of Samia Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maha- cynthia ricini, found in northeast India and rashtra. some parts of China, Japan. ●● The name “eri” is derived from the Assamese 3. Muga silk: word “era”, which means “castor”, as the silk- ♦♦ An exclusive specialty of Assam, the Muga worm feeds on castor plants. silk is one of the rarest silks produced in ●● In Assam, there are various techniques of the world. This silk is produced by the hand-spinning used for the eri silk. Its yarn larva of a silkworm named Assam silkmoth has a very characteristic and ever-changing (Antheraea assamensis). thickness. 4. Eri silk: ●● Before the silk can be spun, the moth has ♦♦ It comes from the silkworm Philosomia to leave the cocoon. The empty cocoons are ricini that feeds mostly on the leaves of washed, boiled and dried and are ready for the castor plant, Ricinus communis. spinning. ●● This ‘peace silk’ is, therefore, a very popular Risa: Traditional Garment of Tripura fibre among vegans and Buddhists. Why in the news? ●● Eri silk is also known as the silk of the poor. The government of Tripura is planning to promote Sericulture: Risa textiles as the signature textile of Tripura at ●● Sericulture is the cultivation of silk through the national level. rearing of silkworm. Important Points: ●● It is an agro-based industry. ●● Risa is a handwoven cloth used by the state’s ●● It involves the raising of food plants for silk- indigenous communities. worm, rearing of silkworm for production of ●● The traditional Tripuri female attire comprises cocoons, reeling and spinning of cocoon for three parts — Risa, Rignai and Rikutu. production of yarn etc. for value added benefits ●● Risa is used as a female upper garment, and

also as headgear, a stole, or a present to express Puja by tribal communities, a turban by men respect. during weddings and festivals, a cummerbund ●● As an upper garment, it is wrapped around the over the dhoti, a head scarf by young girls and torso twice. boys, and a muffler during winters. ●● It is also used as a makeshift hanger to hold an infant on the mother’s backs. ●● It is presented as a mark of honour to distinguished recipients. ●● It is common in almost all 19 indigenous tribal communities of Tripura. However, each com- munity has its own designs. Loin loom: ●● The loin loom or the back strap loom is an ingeniously simple device. Most of the parts are made from bamboo and wood. ●● It is called loin loom or back strap loom because ●● Rignai is primarily worn as the lower garment the warp yarns are stretched between two par- and literally translates into ‘to wear’. It can be allel bamboos, and the bamboo at one end is understood as an indigenous variety of the sari fixed to a wooden stick or branch driven into of mainland India. the ground, and the bamboo at the other end is held firm by means of a strap worn around the ●● Rituku is mainly used as a wrap, or like a lower back of the woman weaver. ‘chunri’ or a ‘pallu’ of the Indian saree. It is also used to cover the head of newly married Narayana Guru: Tripuri women. Why in the news? ●● These all three types of garments were tradition- Recently, the Vice President of India has virtually ally handwoven. Handloom remains an integral launched the book Not Many, But One (Two part of the Tripuri household, even with the Volumes), an English translation of poems of Sree advent of powerloom-manufactured garments. Narayana Gurudev by Prof G.K. Sasidharan. ●● The garment is made in handloom or loin looms at homes. Usually, only one or two pieces are prepared in a month. Most of this art is handed down through generations. However, many of the designs were lost with the passage of time, and only a few remain. Cultural Significance of Risa: ●● Risa also has a host of crucial, social and religious utilities. ●● Adolescent Tripuri girls are first given a risa to wear in an event called Risa Sormani, at age 12 to 14. ●● It is used in religious festivals such as Garia

Important Points: poems and underlined the unity that lies beneath ●● During the launching, the Vice President the world’s apparent diversity. suggested that the Indian worldview of ●● For Narayana Gurudev, there is only “One Caste, ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (The whole world One Religion, One God for All” (Oru Jathi, Oru is one family)’ can show the way for the Matham, Oru Daivam, Manushyanu)”. contemporary problems facing humanity. ●● He published 45 works in Malayalam, Sanskrit ●● In a global context where the social fabric of and Tamil languages which include Atmo- many countries and communities are being padesa Śatakam, a hundred-verse spiritual poem eroded by hatred, violence, bigotry, sectarian- and Daiva Dasakam, a universal prayer in ten ism and other divisive tendencies, the age-old Indian philosophy of ‘Universal Oneness’ has verses. a special relevance. Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25): Sree Narayana Guru: ●● It was a social protest in erstwhile Travancore ●● Narayana Guru (1855–1928) was a multifaceted against untouchability and caste discrimination genius, a great Maharshi, an eloquent proponent in Hindu society of Kerala. of Advaita philosophy, a talented poet, social reformer and a great metaphysician. ●● Sree Narayana Guru involved himself with the Vaikom Satyagraha and extended much ●● He was born into a family that belonged to the Ezhava caste and was considered ‘avarna’ co-operation. according to the social mores of the time. Shri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam: ●● He led a reform movement against the injustice ●● It is an Indian spiritual organization that was in the caste-ridden society of Kerala in order formally founded by Dr. Padmanabhan Palpu in to promote spiritual enlightenment and social 1903, with the guidance of Shri Narayana Guru. equality. ●● He also emphasized the practice of ideals of ●● The main aim of SNDP Yogam was to spirit- cleanliness, promotion of education, agriculture, ually uplift the people of the Ezhava/Tiyyar trade, handicrafts and technical training as a communities. part of the Sivagiri pilgrimage. Different philosophies of India and their ●● He was at the forefront of the temple entry proponents: movement and against the social discrimination of untouchables. ♦♦ Advaita (Monism): Shankaracharya (Adi Shankara) ●● In 1888, he built a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva at Aruvippuram which was against the ♦♦ Vishishtadvaita (modified monism): caste-based restrictions of the time. Ramanujacharya ●● He provided the impetus to Vaikom agitation ♦♦ Dvaita philosophy (dualism): and drew nationwide attention. Madhavacharya ●● He believed that the world was permeated by one universal spirit, a common divine energy ♦♦ Dvaitadvaita (dualistic monism): that resided in every human being and creature Nimbarka in this universe. ♦♦ Shuddha Advaita (pure non-dualism): ●● He captured this essence of Indianness in his Vallabhacharya

Parakram Diwas ●● He was twice elected President of the Indian National Congress, (1938-Haripur and 1939-Tri- Why in the news? puri). The Ministry of Culture has announced that the birth ●● During the movement, he was advised by anniversary of freedom fighter Subhas Chandra Bose Mahatma Gandhi to work with Chittaranjan Das will now be celebrated as the Parakram Diwas. who became his political guru. ●● In 1938, he formed a national planning com- mittee, which formulated a policy of broad industrialization. ●● He established a separate political party, the All India Forward Bloc and continued to call for the full and immediate independence of India from British rule. ●● The prime objective of the Forward Bloc was to bring all radical elements of the Congress party. So that he could spread the meaning of complete independence of India with adherence of the application of principles of equality and social justice. ●● In 1941, Bose was placed under house arrest but escaped to Kabul and sought Soviet help to defeat British. But soviets joined the allied Important Points: forces in the second world war, so Bose’s plan failed. ●● The government has decided to celebrate his birthday on January 23 every year as Parakram ●● Later, Bose sought the help of Nazis and Japa- Diwas to inspire the people of this country, nese, to fight against British Empire. especially the youth, to act with fortitude in ●● He founded the Indian Legion out of about 4500 the face of adversity as Netaji did. Indian soldiers who were in the British army ●● The government had set up a high-level commit- and had been taken prisoners by the Germans. tee headed by home minister plan the freedom ●● In 1943, he revived Azad Hind Fauj or Indian fighter’s 125th birth anniversary celebrations. National Army (INA), with recruitment of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: 60,000 Indians from Burma, Malaya and other Southeast Asian countries. ●● Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 ● INA found support among expatriate Indians January, 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa) to Prabhavati ● Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose. and Bose formed the Azad Hind government which came to produce its own currency, post- ●● He was influenced by the teachings of Swami age stamps, court and civil code. Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. ●● It was recognised by Axis states. ●● In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, ●● In 1944, INA marched along with Japanese but in April 1921, he resigned his candidacy soldiers and captured Kohima. Captain Laxmi and hurried back to India. Sehgal commanded the ‘Rani Jhansi Regiment’. ●● He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement ●● His famous slogans are ‘tum mujhe khoon do, which started by Mahatama Gandhi. main tumhe aazadi dunga’, ‘Jai Hind’, and ‘Delhi Chalo’.

Kalaripayattu Academy in Kerala ●● It includes mock duels (armed and unarmed Why in the news? combat) and physical exercises. The state government is setting up the Kalaripayattu ●● Its important key is footwork which includes Academy under the tourism department to promote kicks, strikes and weapon based practice. Kerala’s traditional martial arts. ●● Women also participate in this art form. Various Indian Martial Arts: ♦♦ Silambam (Tamil Nadu) ♦♦ Gatka (Punjab) ♦♦ Thang Ta (Manipur) ♦♦ Mardani Khel (Kolhapur, Maharashtra) ♦♦ Pari-Khanda (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha) ♦♦ Inbuan Wrestling (Mizoram) ♦♦ Thoda Himachal Pradesh ♦♦ Lathi (Punjab & Bengal) ♦♦ Musti Yuddha (Varanasi) ♦♦ Pari-Khanda (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha) Important Points: ●● The academy will be established in Vellar Craft Gavi Gangadhareshwara Temple Village. Why in the news? ●● The Academy plans to admit 100 students For the first time in 50 years, on the day of Makar initially. Sankranti, the rays of the sun did not reach the ●● The training will be imparted in two batches, Shivling located in the Gangadhareshwar temple from five to eight in the morning and from five due to clouds. to seven in the evening. ●● The state government also plans to link the Kal- aripayattu Academy with the Dance Training College which is part of the Craft Village. Kalaripayattu: ●● Kalaripayattu, also known as ‘Kalari’, is known for its long-standing history within Indian martial arts culture and is believed to be the oldest surviving martial art in the world. ●● Kalaripayattu has its origin (4th century A.D.) from Kerala and has practitioners all over the world. ●● Kalari is a Malayalam word which means School/gymnasium/training hall where Martial arts are practiced or taught. Important Points: ●● This art is used as a means of unarmed self-de- ●● Gavi Gangadhareshwara Temple is a famous fence and a way to achieve physical fitness ancient cave temple located in Bangalore, Kar- today. Also used in traditional rituals and nataka, India. ceremonies.

●● It is also known as Gavipuram Cave Temple. ●● This is a wonderful sight as the event is marked ●● It is believed that it was built in the 16th century by continuous ringing of the bells and chanting by Kempe Gowda I, the founder of the city. of mantras by the priests and devotees. ●● It is dedicated to the Hindu deity Lord Shiva ●● The lingam is bathed in milk by one of the (Gangadhareshwara). priests during the entire period of the phenomenon. ●● The temple is unique from all other temples of Karnataka due to the presence of two huge discs ●● It seems as if the Sun is showing reverence of in the foreground of the shrine. the Lord on the auspicious day. ●● The inner sanctum of the temple has a tall Kempe Gowda I: Shivalinga. ●● Kempe Gowda was a chieftain (Sardar) under the Vijayanagara kings. ●● Another major attraction of the temple is the presence of a rare idol of Agni, the God of ●● He sought permission from the kings of fire. The figure has two heads, seven hands and Vijayanagar and laid the foundation of Banga- three legs. It is perhaps the only temple in South lore City in 1532. India that has such an idol. Dharashiv Caves ●● The temple has a wonderful sculpture of Nandi Why in the news? (a bull), Shiva’s mount. ●● Recently the CM of Maharashtra referred to Temple architecture: Osmanabad as Dharashiv. ● The temple was cut out from a natural monolith ● ●● The name is named after the 6th century rock. Dharaishiva caves. ● The inner sanctum of the temple is situated ● ●● Osmanabad is named after the last ruler of inside a cave carved out in the rock. Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan. ●● The main attraction of the temple is the granite Dharaishiva caves: pillars situated in the forecourt of the temple. ●● The dharashiv caves are situated 8 Kms away ●● Two of the pillars support huge discs that rep- from Osmanabad city in Balaghat Mountains. resent the sun and the moon. ●● The caves were taken note of by the Archaeo- ●● The other two pillars have a trident (trishul) logical Department and mentioned in the book and a two-headed drum (damru), representing “Archaeological survey of India” by James the two significant possessions of Lord Shiva. Verges. The Magical Event: Surya Majjana ●● There are a total of 7 caves in the Balaghat ●● Every year on Makar Sankranti a rare and Mountain lane. significant phenomenon takes place inside the ●● The first cave is without any statue with small inner sanctum of the temple, known as Surya open space. Majjana. ●● The second cave consists of a statue with Artis- ●● The rays of the setting sun on the western tic work on the right side of the statue. The art horizon shoot a beam of light that passes from work is of gandharva era. under an arch on the western wall of the temple before moving towards the inner sanctum. ●● The fourth cave is with open space without any statue inside. ●● It first lights the back of the statue of Nandi and passes over its horns and reaches the feet ●● The statue in the sixth cave is damaged while of the Shivalingam. the seventh cave has no statue. ●● Finally the beam of light illuminates the body ●● That this is an ancient place is shown by the of the Shivalingam. caves excavated in the hill at a distance of about eight miles.

Religious Expression in Caves: Select the correct answer using the code given ●● These caves were originally Buddhist, but were below: later converted into monuments of the Jain (a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3, and 4 only religion and fresh caves were also excavated nearby. (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 ●● There are some more Buddhist caves excavated 4. Madhya Pradesh Government is organizing in the hills, about 8 miles from Dharashiva. ‘Raag-Bhopali’ exhibition to promote ●● Cave No. II is modeled on the plan of the Vaka- (a) Maachfolk theatre taka caves at Ajanta. It has a central hall meas- uring 80 feet by 80 feet, with 14 cells for the (b) Zari-Zardozi crafts residence of the Bhiksus and garbhagraha with (c) Chanderigarmets a colossal image of the Buddha in Pamasana. (d) Bhagoria festival ●● From the hoods of a serpent spread over its head, it is supposed by some to be the image 5. With reference to the Ramateertham Temple, of the Jaina Tirthankara Parshwanath, but the which of the following statements is/are cor- figures of deer with a dharmacakra between rect? them on the pedestal indicate that it is that of 1. The temple is located in Tiruchirappalli, Gautama Buddha. Tamil Nadu. MCQs Based on Art and Culture 2. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu deity Lord Shiva. 1. Consider the following pairs: Select the correct answer using the code given Martial Arts States below: 1. Silambam Tamil Nadu (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 2. Inbuan Wrestling Mizoram 3. Gatka Maharashtra (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 4. Thang Ta Himachal Pradesh 6. With reference to the Risa textiles, which of the following statements is/are correct? Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? 1. Risa is mainly made in handloom or loin (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 4 only looms at homes. (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only 2. Risa is a traditional Garment of Kerala. 2. Which of the following freedom fighter is re- lated to ‘ParakramDiwas’? 3. Risa is presented as a mark of honour to (a) Bhagat Singh distinguished recipients. (b) Rash Behari Bose Select the correct answer using the code given (c) Chandra Shekhar Azad below: (d) Subhas Chandra Bose (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 and 3 3. Which of the following are the varieties of silk? (c) Only 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 1. Mulberry 7. Which great man’s poems are collected in the book “Not Many, But One”? 2. Tasar (a) Kalidasa (b) AdiShankara 3. Muga 4. Eri (c) Narayana Guru (d) Bhavabhuti

8. With reference to the Narayana Guru, which 11. Which state has launched EkZila- EkShilp of the following statements is/are correct? campaign? 1. He was a strong supporter of “Dvaita phi- (a) Jharkhand (b) Bihar losophy”. (c) Uttrakhand (d) Madhya Pradesh 2. He was associated with the “Vaikom 12. Consider the following statements: movement”. 1. Kalaripayattu is the traditional martial arts 3. He was against the social discrimination of form of Karnataka. untouchables. 2. Kalaripayattu Academy is being established Select the correct answer using the code given in Kerala. below: (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 and 3 Which of the statements given below is/are correct? (c) Only 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 9. Consider the following pairs: (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Philosophies Proponents 1. Advaita (Monism) - Madhavacharya Explanation 2. Vishishtadvaita (modified monism) 1.(a) Exp: - Ramanujacharya ♦♦ Various Indian Martial Arts: 3. Dvaita philosophy (dualism) - Shankaracharya ♦♦ Silambam (Tamil Nadu) 4. Dvaitadvaita (dualistic monism) ♦♦ Gatka (Punjab) - Nimbark ♦♦ Thang Ta (Manipur) Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly ♦♦ MardaniKhel (Kolhapur, Maharashtra) matched? ♦♦ Pari-Khanda (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha) (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 and 4 ♦♦ Inbuan Wrestling (Mizoram) (c) Only 1 and 3 (d) Only 2, 3 and 4 ♦♦ ThodaHimachal Pradesh 10. With reference to the NetajiSubhas Chandra ♦♦ Lathi (Punjab & Bengal) Bose, which of the following statements is/are ♦♦ MustiYuddha (Varanasi) correct? ♦♦ Pari-Khanda (Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha) 1. He was elected president of the Haripura 2.(d) Exp: session of the Indian National Congress in The Ministry of Culture has announced that the 1940. birth anniversary of freedom fighter Subhas 2. He founded the ‘All India Forward Block’. Chandra Bose will now be celebrated as the 3. In 1942 he gave the famous slogan ParakramDiwas. ‘KaroYaMaro’ (Do or Die). 3.(d) Exp: Select the correct answer using the code given Varieties of Silk commonly found in India: below: 1. Mulberry silk:The mulberry silk contributes to (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 more than 80% of the silk produced in India. (c) Only 3 (d) Only 2 and 3 2. Tasar silk: It is primarily produced in the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha,

Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and discrimination of untouchables. He provided Maharashtra. the impetus to Vaikom agitation and drew 3. Muga silk: An exclusive specialty of Assam, nationwide attention.• For NarayanaGurudev, the Muga silk is one of the rarest silks there is only “One Caste, One Religion, produced in the world. One God for All” (OruJathi, OruMatham, OruDaivam, Manushyanu)”. 4. Eri silk: Around forty percent of Eri Silk is produced in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, 9.(b) Exp: Bihar, Orrisa, Karnataka, Assam, Andhra Different philosophies of India and their Pradesh and Jharkhand. proponents: 4.(b) Exp: ♦♦ Advaita (Monism): Madhya Pradesh Government is organizing ♦♦ Shankaracharya (AdiShankara) ‘Raag-Bhopali’ exhibition to promote Zari- ♦♦ Vishishtadvaita (modified monism): Zardozi crafts of Bhopal.The exhibition will Ramanujacharya be organized at GauharMahal in Bhopal. ♦♦ Dvaita philosophy (dualism): 5.(d) Exp: Madhavacharya A 400-year-old idol of Lord Rama has ♦♦ Dvaitadvaita (dualistic monism): been vandalised at the Ramateertham Nimbarka temple in Andhra Pradesh’s Vizianagaram. Ramateertham temple is a 16th-century temple. ♦♦ ShuddhaAdvaita (pure non-dualism): It is one of the sacred places of traditional Vallabhacharya communication with Lord Rama. 10.(b) Exp: 6.(c) Exp: NetajiSubhas Chandra Bose was born on Risa is a traditional Garment of Tripura. The 23 January, 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa) to government of Tripura is planning to promote PrabhavatiDutt Bose and Janakinath Bose. Risa textiles as the signature textile of Tripura He was twice elected President of the at the national level. It is made in handloom Indian National Congress, (1938-Haripur or loin looms at homes. Usually, only one and 1939-Tripuri).He established a separate or two pieces are prepared in a month. It is political party, the All India Forward Bloc and presented as a mark of honour to distinguished continued to call for the full and immediate recipients. independence of India from British rule.His famous slogans are ‘tum mujhekhoon do, main 7.(c) Exp: tumheaazadidunga’, ‘Jai Hind’, and ‘Delhi Recently, the Vice President of India has Chalo’.’KaroYaMaro (Do or Die)’slogan was virtually launched the book Not Many, But given by Mahatma Gandhi during “Quit India One (Two Volumes), an English translation of Movement” in 1942. poems of SreeNarayanaGurudev by Prof G.K. 11.(d) Exp: Sasidharan. 12.(b) Exp: 8.(b) Exp: The state government is setting up the Narayana Guru (1855 – 1928) was a Kalaripayattu Academy under the tourism multifaceted genius, a great Maharshi, an department to promote Kerala’s traditional eloquent proponent of Advaita philosophy, martial arts. The academy will be established a talented poet, social reformer and a great in Vellar Craft Village of Kerala. metaphysician. He was at the forefront of the temple entry movement and against the social □■□

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