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Implementation Plan for Hazardous Reduction and Prevention on Ground Water Aquifers in Six Palestinian Communities

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Implementation Plan for Hazardous Reduction and Prevention on Ground Water Aquifers in Six Palestinian Communities IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR HAZARDOUS REDUCTION AND PREVENTION ON GROUND WATER AQUIFERS IN SIX PALESTINIAN COMMUNITIES Supported By: This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of EcoPeace Middle East and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. AUTHORS 1. Mr. Malek Abualfailat, EcoPeace Middle East 2. Dr. Mohammed Saed Hmeidi 3. Dr. Ghassan Na’em Shakhshir 4. Dr. Moath Abu Saadeh, HEC 5. Mr. Younis Rjoub, GIS Expert 6. Ms. Sierra Ramirez, EcoPeace Middle East Intern i TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHORS ....................................................................................................................................................................................... I TABLE OF MAPS ......................................................................................................................................................................... V LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................................ VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................... VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................ VIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ............. 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of Guidelines ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Scope of Guidelines ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 THE NEED FOR GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ...................................................................................... 2 1.4.1 The Need for Protection ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.4.2 Groundwater Contamination Sources .................................................................................................. 2 CHAPTER 2: APPROACHES TO GROUNDWATER PROTECTION (INTERVENTION) ............................................. 5 2.1 Forms of Intervention ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Legal Interventions ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.2 Institutional Interventions ................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.3 Technical Interventions: .................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.4 Social Interventions: .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Protection Strategies for Groundwater Protection Planning ................................................................ 10 2.3 Groundwater Management Measures ..................................................................................................... 10 2.3.1 Mapping Vulnerability ....................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Setting levels of action ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Environment Protection Measures .......................................................................................................... 11 2.5 Selection and Implementation of Preferred Options ............................................................................. 12 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 3: STAKEHOLDER MAPPING ANALYSIS....................................................................................................... 15 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3 DESCRIPTION OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS ........................................................................................ 18 3.3.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 RELATIONSHIP WITH WATER SECTOR STAKEHOLDERS (SH): ................................ 19 3.3.3 PRIMARY LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS: ...................................................................................... 19 ii 1. REGULATORY WATER COUNCIL (TO BE CREATED TO REPLACE THE REGULATORY FUNCTIONS AT PWA) .................................................................................................................................. 19 2. NATIONAL BULK WATER UTILITY(TO REPLACE EXISTING WBWD) .............................. 19 3. REGIONAL WATER UTILITIES...................................................................................................... 20 4. WATER USERS ASSOCIATIONS .................................................................................................... 20 5. LOCAL LEVEL INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN THE WATER SECTOR ................................. 20 3.3.4 SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS ................................................................................................. 20 3.4 POLICY PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................................ 21 3.4.1 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES ...................................................... 21 3.4.2 GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................ 21 3.4.3 SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ....................................................................... 21 3.4.4 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES ...................................................... 21 3.4.5 ALLEVIATE POLLUTANTS USING SANITATION MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................... 22 3.4.6 STANDARDS FOR THE WATER AND WASTEWATER SECTOR IN PALESTINE .............. 22 3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS ................................... 23 3.5.1 PALESTINIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW (PEL) ..................................................................... 23 3.5.2 PALESTINIAN WATER LAW ...................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 4: GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY OF PALESTINIAN GROUNDWATER RESOURCES; LOCAL LEVEL ACTION PLAN .............................................................................................................................................................. 27 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................... 27 4.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Scope of Work and Objectives .................................................................................................................. 28 4.3 Task Activities: .......................................................................................................................................... 28 4.4 Sources of Data and Information: ............................................................................................................ 28 4.5 Groundwater Vulnerability ...................................................................................................................... 29 4.5.1 Definition .......................................................................................................................................... 29 4.5.2 Methodology: .................................................................................................................................... 29 4.6 EVIDENCE OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION ......................................................................................... 30 4.6.1 Waste water ...................................................................................................................................... 31 4.6.2 Solid Waste ....................................................................................................................................... 31 4.6.3 Industrial
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