The Bagrada Bug, a New Invasive Pest of Cole Crops

3/19/2010

John Palumbo, Yuma Ag Center University of Arizona, Yuma

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

Harlequin bug Bagrada bug Murgantia histronica Bagrada hilaris

1 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

It was common to see the small stink bug walking on the bed surface, and not unusual to find mating pairs walking on plants and soil surfaces

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

• Bagrada bugs will lay eggs on the leaves, and in the soil underneath the plants. • A single female can lay as many as 100 eggs within 2 to 3 weeks. • The incubation period is 4 to 8 days. • This eggmass was found on a broccoli cotyledon in the Yuma Valley.

2 3/19/2010

Here is the same egg mass ‐ after 4 days at room temperature.

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

Although mating was obviously occurring, we did not observe any egg masses on the plants. The above image shows what we presume is a neonate, newly hatched nymph found crawling on the soil surface. Note its size relative to the knife blade.

3 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

Bagrada bug - biology (India / Pakastan)

Egg hatch Nymph development Development Time (days) Pre-oviposition period

0 o 75 F 86o F 95o F Average Temperature

4 3/19/2010

Bagrada bug - biology (India / Pakastan)

Adult Longevity (days) Egg hatch Nymph development 30 Development Time (days) Pre-oviposition period 25 30 20

1520

10 10 5

0 0 o o o 75o F 86 F 95 F 75 F 86o F 95o F Average Temperature Average Temperature

Bagrada bug - biology (India / Pakastan)

Adult Longevity (days) Egg hatch Fecundity (eggs / female) Nymph development 30 Pre-oviposition period Development Time (days) 199 25 95 30 20

1520 45 10 10 5

0 0 o o o 75o F 86 F 95 F 75 F 86o F 95o F Average Temperature Average Temperature

5 3/19/2010

Host Range

Cruciferous Agronomic canola chard potaoto broccoli mizuna maize cauliflower bok choy sorghum cabbage napa cotton broccoflower arugula legumes (?) kale mustards wheat turnips rutabaga pearl millet radish collards Capers

Host Range

Weeds lambsquarter black mustard purple nutsedge Euphorbia spp. perennial sowthistle field bindweed shepardspurse (?)

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

6 3/19/2010

Host Range

*** Major pest of Canola & Brassica seed crops

Symptoms / Damage

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

7 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

Damage on leaves might be mistaken for herbicide damage (e.g., Goaltender)

8 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

9 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

Injured Plants (%)

100 Wilted Terminal Dead Terminal 80

0 2 days 3 days 2 days 3 days Infested Plants Check (1 adult / plant) (no adults)

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

10 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

Adult bragada bug feeding on broccoli cotyledon, Coachella Valley, CA, Sep 2009. Note: the mouthparts underneath head inserted into leaf tissue (arrow)

11 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

12 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

13 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

3 2

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

14 3/19/2010

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

This is your Broccoli

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

15 3/19/2010

This is your Broccoli on bagrada bugs

3 8 5

2 7 6

J.C. Palumbo, Univ. of Arizona

Are Bagrada bugs more active at Night ?

Consperse stink bug Euschistus conspersus

16 3/19/2010

Are Bagrada bugs more active at Night ?

Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara virdula

Effective Chemical Control – India and Pakastan

OP / CH Seed Carbamates Pyrethroid Treatments Others

Lorsban Warrior Azodrin Garlic Azodrin Mustang phosphamidon Pepper Endosulfan Asana carbosulfan Soap MSR Danitol lindane Tobacco lindane fluvalinate Neem malathion pyrethrin Sevin Economic Threshold: dichlorvos -Seedlings: 1 bug/m2 phosalone -Larger plants: 3 bugs MSR

17 3/19/2010

Bagrada bugs / 20 plants 2.0 3 DAT 5 DAT Trial I 1.5 - Sep 24, 2009 - broccoli 1.0 - cotyledon stage - 20 GPA 050.5

0.0 NAI 2302 Belay Brigade Untreated

2.0 2 DAT 3 DAT Trial II 1.5 5 DAT - Sep 29, 2009 - cabbage 1.0 - cotyledon - 24 GPA 0.5

0.0 Mustang Brigade Lannate Untreated 4 oz 5 oz 0.5 lb

Bagrada Bugs Alternatives for Bagrada bug Control in Desert Cole Crops

Lannate Lorsban Diazinon Orthene 1 Warrior Mustang Max Asana Voliam Xpress Venom Assail 2 Belay

• All of these products have shown good control of Harliquin bug in the southern and eastern U.S.

18 3/19/2010