STUDY PROTOCOL Study Information Title Apixaban Drug
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Interindividual Variability of Apixaban Plasma Concentrations: Influence of Clinical and Genetic Factors in a Real-Life Cohort O
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Interindividual Variability of Apixaban Plasma Concentrations: Influence of Clinical and Genetic Factors in a Real-Life Cohort of Atrial Fibrillation Patients Adela-Nicoleta Ro¸sian 1,2, ¸StefanHoria Ro¸sian 2,3,* , Bela Kiss 4 , Maria Georgia ¸Stefan 4, Adrian Pavel Trifa 5, Camelia Diana Ober 2, Ovidiu Anchidin 2 and Anca Dana Buzoianu 1 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Ha¸tieganuUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (A.-N.R.); [email protected] (A.D.B.) 2 “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (C.D.O.); [email protected] (O.A.) 3 Department of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Iuliu Ha¸tieganuUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania 4 Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Ha¸tieganuUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (B.K.); [email protected] (M.G.¸S.) 5 Department of Genetics, Iuliu Ha¸tieganuUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +4026-459-1224 Received: 11 March 2020; Accepted: 14 April 2020; Published: 17 April 2020 Abstract: (1) Background: Prescribing apixaban for stroke prevention has significantly increased in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The ABCB1 genotype can influence apixaban absorption and bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to assess the factors that influence apixaban’s plasma level and to establish if a certain relationship has clinical relevance. -
Low Molecular Weight Heparin Versus Acenocoumarol in the Secondary Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Thromb Haemost 1999; 81: 26–31 © 1999 Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart Low Molecular Weight Heparin versus Acenocoumarol in the Secondary Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis S. Lopaciuk, H. Bielska-Falda1, W. Noszczyk1, M. Bielawiec 2, W. Witkiewicz 3, S. Filipecki 4, J. Michalak 5, L. Ciesielski 6, Z. Mackiewicz 7, E. Czestochowska 8, K. Zawilska 9, A. Cencora 10, among others* From the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Warsaw, 1st 1Department of Surgery, Medical School, Warsaw, 2Department of Hematology, Medical School, Bialystok, 3Department of Vascular Surgery, District General Hospital, Wroclaw, 4Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, 5Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, Lublin, 1st 6Department of Surgery, Medical School, Lodz, 7Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, Bydgoszcz, 3rd 8Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Gdansk, 9Department of Hematology, Medical School, Poznan, and 10Department of Vascular Surgery, District General Hospital, Krakow, Poland Summary oral anticoagulant for at least 3 months (secondary prophylaxis). Al- though long-term anticoagulation with coumarin drugs, the most popu- The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of lar of which are warfarin and acenocoumarol, has been repeatedly dem- subcutaneous weight-adjusted dose low molecular weight heparin onstrated effective in the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembo- (LMWH) compared with oral anticoagulant (OA) in the prevention of lism, it suffers from a number of limitations. This treatment requires recurrent venous thromboembolism. In a prospective multicenter trial, strict laboratory control and consequent adjustments of the drug dosage 202 patients with symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and carries a substantial risk of bleeding complications (1). -
Occurrence, Elimination, and Risk of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Wastewater and Sludge
Occurrence, elimination, and risk of anticoagulant rodenticides in wastewater and sludge Silvia Lacorte, Cristian Gómez- Canela Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona Rats and super-rats Neverending story 1967 Coumachlor 1 tn rodenticides /city per campaign “It will be the LAST ONE” Rodenticides Biocides: use regulated according to EU. Used mainly as bait formulations. First generation: multiple feedings, less persistent in tissues, commensal and outdoor use. Second generation: single feeding (more toxic), more persistent in tissue, commensal use only. Toxic: vitamin K antagonists that cause mortality by blocking an animal’s ability to produce several key blood clotting factors. High oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity. Origin and fate of rodenticides Study site: Catalonia (7.5 M inhabitants) 1693 km of sewage corridor 13 fluvial tanks (70.000 m3) 130,000,000 € / 8 YEARS 32,000 km2 378,742 kg/y AI 2,077,000 € Objectives 1. To develop an analytical method to determine most widely used rodenticides in wastewater and sludge. 2. To monitor the presence of rodenticides within 9 WWTP receiving urban and agricultural waters. 3. To evaluate the risk of rodenticides using Daphnia magna as aquatic toxicological model. 4. To study the accumulation of rodenticides in sludge. Compounds studied Coumachlor* Pindone C19H15ClO4 C14H14O3 Dicoumarol Warfarin C19H12O6 C19H16O4 Coumatetralyl Ferulenol FGARs C19H16O3 C24H30O3 Acenocoumarol Chlorophacinone • Solubility C19H15NO6 C23H15ClO3 0.001-128 mg/L • pKa 3.4-6.6 Flocoumafen Bromadiolone C H F O C H BrO 33 25 3 40 30 23 4 • Log P 1.92-8.5 Brodifacoum Fluindione C H BrO 31 23 3 C15H9FO2 SGARs Difenacoum Fenindione C31H24O3 C15H10O2 1. -
Clinical Protocol
CLINICAL PROTOCOL Subject: Page Protocol # EMERGENT TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BLEEDING AND 1 of 4 NMH CCP 07.0024 CLOTTING EMERGENCIES WHO ARE TAKING NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS Version: 1.0 Title: Revision of: Effective Date: EMERGENT TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BLEEDING AND NEW 04/29/2013 CLOTTING EMERGENCIES WHO ARE TAKING NOVEL ORAL Removal Date: ANTICOAGULANT APIXABAN (ELIQUIS) I. PURPOSE: To standardize management of patients with bleeding and clotting emergencies who are taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). This protocol covers emergent reversal and ischemic stroke in patients on apixaban (Eliquis) therapy. II. CLINICAL PROTOCOL: A. The NOAC apixaban (Eliquis) is FDA approved for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. This agent presents clinicians with several challenges because there are no specific antidotes, and no readily available quantitative assay to determine the degree of anticoagulation in a patient on this therapy. B. Patients taking this agent are likely to present to the hospital with; 1. life-threatening bleeding (e.g., intracerebral hemorrhage or GI bleeding), or a need for an emergent invasive procedure (surgery, cardiac Catherization) 2. acute ischemic stroke. The administration of tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) in the setting of NOAC use is potentially dangerous. C. There are no accepted evidence-based guidelines for managing these situations. This protocol is a consensus of clinicians from stroke, neurology, neurosurgery, hematology, neurocritical care, laboratory medicine, cardiology, and pharmacy. III. REVERSAL PROTOCOL FOR PATIENTS WITH SEVERE/LIFE-THREATENING BLEEDING TAKING APIXABAN (ELIQUIS) A. Inclusion criteria: 1. Patient has taken any dose of apixaban within last 48 hours. a. If time of last dose is unknown, but patient is suspected of having taken apixaban in last 48 hours, and PT is abnormal and 2. -
Standard-Dose Apixaban After Very Low-Dose Thrombolysis for Acute Intermediate-High Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism
SAFE-LYSE | STUDY PROTOCOL Standard-dose Apixaban AFtEr Very Low-dose ThromboLYSis Title: for Acute Intermediate-high Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism Short Title: SAFE-LYSE Protocol Version: Issue Date: 28/AUG/2019 Principal Victor Tapson1,2, Aaron Weinberg1,2 Investigators: Sub Investigators: Sam Torbati1, Susan Jackman1, Niree Hindoyan1, Joseph Meza1 1Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Blvd Los Angeles, CA 90048 Affiliations: 2Cedars-Sinai Medical GrouP 200 N. Robertson Blvd. Beverly Hills, CA 90211 Victor TaPson 8730 Alden Drive, W155 Primary Contact: Los Angeles, CA 90048 (919) 971-6441 Investigator-Initiated Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (BMS) Study Funded By: Version 8.0 | Date: 28Aug2019 1 SAFE-LYSE | STUDY PROTOCOL STUDY SYNOPSIS Funding Provided by BMS/Pfizer Alliance Standard-dose Apixaban AFtEr Very Low-dose ThromboLYSis for Protocol Title Acute Intermediate-high Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism (SAFE-LYSE) Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major cause of mortality in the United States, with an estimated 100,000 deaths annually and uP to 30% of Patients dying within the first month of diagnosis. Recent guidelines now risk-stratify intermediate-risk PE Patients to intermediate-low and intermediate-high risk categories, but consensus on treatment for those Patients are controversial, as compared to that of high or low-risk Patients. Because of an increased risk of major, non-major, and intracranial bleeding and an uncertain effect on survival and Post-thrombotic complications, thrombolysis is not routinely recommended in the guidelines for intermediate- risk Patients. However, studies have evaluated half-dose (50 mg dose) tissue Plasminogen activator (tPA) and this aPPears to be effective for treating PE with a reduced yet still significant risk of bleeding. -
New Age of Anticoagulants
New Age of Anticoagulants DP Suresh MD FACC FSCAI Director, Heart and Vascular Group ST Elizabeth Physicians, KY Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Cincinnati. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins Potential Advantages: • Lack of binding to plasma proteins and endothelium • Good bioavailability • Stable dose response • Long half-life • Resistance does not develop Direct Factor Xa inhibition Tissue XIIa factor XIa VIIa IXa ×Xa Factor II (prothrombin) Fibrinogen Fibrin clot Factor Xa inhibitors FXa may be a better target than thrombin – Has few functions outside coagulation (compared with thrombin) – Has a wider therapeutic window than thrombin (separation of efficacy and bleeding), in vitro – Thrombin inhibitors are associated with rebound thrombin generation – no evidence with FXa inhibitors – Efficacy of heparin-based anticoagulants improves as selectivity for FXa increases: UFH < LMWH < fondaparinux New anticoagulants ORAL PARENTERAL TF/VIIa TFPI (tifacogin) TTP889 X IX IXa APC (drotrecogin alfa) VIIIa sTM (ART-123) Rivaroxaban Apixaban Va AT Fondaparinux LY517717 Xa YM150 Idraparinux DU-176b PRT-054021 II DX-9065a Ximelagatran Otamixaban Dabigatran IIa Fibrinogen Fibrin Adapted from Weitz & Bates, J Thromb Haemost 2005 Oral Factor Xa inhibitors Clinical development Rivaroxaban (JNJ/Bayer) Phase IIb Phase III Apixaban (BMS) Phase III YM150 (Astellas) Phase IIb DU-176b (Daiichi) Phase IIb LY517717 (Lilly) Phase IIb 813893 (GSK) Phase I/II PRT054021(Portola) Phase II Stroke: A significant cause of poor health and Death • Stroke accounts for nearly 10% of all deaths worldwide • The number of strokes per year is predicted to rise dramatically as the population ages • About 20-30% strokes are cardio embolic and 15% relate to AF • Strokes in patients with AF are more severe and have worse outcomes than strokes in people without AF • AF almost doubles the death rate from stroke. -
Edoxaban Switch Programme - Frequently Asked Questions
Edoxaban Switch Programme - Frequently Asked Questions What should I tell patients? NHS Tayside is reviewing all patients currently receiving a Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) for stroke prevention in NV-AF(non-valvular atrial fibrillation) Edoxaban has been identified as the first choice DOAC. It is similarly effective to the other DOAC options but costs considerably less Clinical experts in Tayside are supporting the use of edoxaban All newly diagnosed NV-AF patients will be started on edoxaban as 1st choice for those unsuitable for warfarin Existing patients already on a DOAC for NV-AF are to be reviewed and considered for switch to edoxaban This will help to ensure that the money available to spend on medicines is being used appropriately Is edoxaban as good as the other DOACs? Yes, the evidence is that it is as effective as warfarin and the other DOACs. It is licensed for this indication and has been recommended by the Scottish Medicines Consortium Other Scottish Health Boards are also considering the use of edoxaban A recent Health Improvement Scotland (HIS) summary (http://www.healthcareimprovementscotland.org/our_work/cardiovascular_dis ease/programme_resources/doac_review_report.aspx) is consistent with this Tayside switch recommendation Lead clinicians from cardiology, stroke, vascular medicine, relevant MCN’s and haematology are all supportive of this Tayside guidance on the basis of current evidence Will we need to do a further switch if the price of other DOACs falls? The rebate on edoxaban is in place for five -
Heavy Rainfall Provokes Anticoagulant Rodenticides' Release from Baited
Journal Pre-proof Heavy rainfall provokes anticoagulant rodenticides’ release from baited sewer systems and outdoor surfaces into receiving streams Julia Regnery1,*, Robert S. Schulz1, Pia Parrhysius1, Julia Bachtin1, Marvin Brinke1, Sabine Schäfer1, Georg Reifferscheid1, Anton Friesen2 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, 56068 Koblenz, Germany 2 Section IV 1.2 Biocides, German Environment Agency, 06813 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (J. Regnery); phone: +49 261 1306 5987 Journal Pre-proof A manuscript prepared for possible publication in: Science of the Total Environment May 2020 1 Journal Pre-proof Abstract Prevalent findings of anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) residues in liver tissue of freshwater fish recently emphasized the existence of aquatic exposure pathways. Thus, a comprehensive wastewater treatment plant and surface water monitoring campaign was conducted at two urban catchments in Germany in 2018 and 2019 to investigate potential emission sources of ARs into the aquatic environment. Over several months, the occurrence and fate of all eight ARs authorized in the European Union as well as two pharmaceutical anticoagulants was monitored in a variety of aqueous, solid, and biological environmental matrices during and after widespread sewer baiting with AR-containing bait. As a result, sewer baiting in combined sewer systems, besides outdoor rodent control at the surface, was identified as a substantial contributor of these biocidal active ingredients in the aquatic environment. In conjunction with heavy or prolonged precipitation during bait application in combined sewer systems, a direct link between sewer baiting and AR residues in wastewater treatment plant influent, effluent, and the liver of freshwater fish was established. -
SIGN 129 • Antithrombotics: Indications and Management
Help us to improve SIGN guidelines - click here to complete our survey SIGN 129 • Antithrombotics: indications and management A national clinical guideline Updated June 2013 Evidence KEY TO EVIDENCE STATEMENTS AND GRADES OF RECOMMENDATIONS LEVELS OF EVIDENCE 1++ High quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias 1+ Well conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a low risk of bias 1 - Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a high risk of bias High quality systematic reviews of case control or cohort studies ++ 2 High quality case control or cohort studies with a very low risk of confounding or bias and a high probability that the relationship is causal Well conducted case control or cohort studies with a low risk of confounding or bias and a moderate probability that the 2+ relationship is causal 2 - Case control or cohort studies with a high risk of confounding or bias and a significant risk that the relationship is not causal 3 Non-analytic studies, eg case reports, case series 4 Expert opinion GRADES OF RECOMMENDATION Note: The grade of recommendation relates to the strength of the evidence on which the recommendation is based. It does not reflect the clinical importance of the recommendation. At least one meta-analysis, systematic review, or RCT rated as 1++, and directly applicable to the target population; or A A body of evidence consisting principally of studies rated as 1+, directly applicable to the target population, and demonstrating overall consistency of results -
Emergency Management of Patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulants (Doacs)
Emergency Management of Patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) Dr Tina Biss Consultant Haematologist Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust NE RTC Annual Education Symposium 11 th October 2016 The extent of the problem ≈1-2% of the UK population are anticoagulated 70000 60000 AF 70% VTE 25% 50000 Other 5% 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 90 80 8% of individuals 70 >80 years of age are anticoagulated 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Age distribution of patients on warfarin 2010 2016 Apixaban Rivaroxaban Warfarin Dabigatran Edoxaban Targets of Direct Oral Anticoagulants ORAL PARENTERAL TF/VIIa TTP889 TFPI (tifacogin) X IX Xa Inhibitors : IXa APC (drotrecogin alfa) VIIIa Rivaroxaban sTM (ART-123) Apixaban Edoxaban Va AT LY517717 Indirect Xa inhibitors YM150 Xa Fondaparinux PRT-054021 Idraparinux II SSR-126517 Direct Xa Inhibitors IIa Inhibitors DX-9065a Ximelagatran IIa Otamixaban Dabigatran Fibrinogen Fibrin TF=tissue factor Adapted from Weitz JI et al. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:1843-1853. The ideal anticoagulants? • Oral administration • Rapid onset of action • Relatively short half-life • Predictable pharmacokinetics No need for monitoring • Few drug or dietary interactions • Modest risk of bleeding • Rapidly reversible Predictable dose-response relationship No monitoring required Few drug interactions No dietary interactions Current agents and licensed indications Dabigatran Rivaroxaban Apixaban Edoxaban (IIa inhibitor (Xa inhibitor) (Xa inhibitor) (Xa inhibitor) -
Acenocoumarol
PATIENT & CAREGIVER EDUCATION Acenocoumarol This information from Lexicomp® explains what you need to know about this medication, including what it’s used for, how to take it, its side effects, and when to call your healthcare provider. Brand Names: Canada Sintrom What is this drug used for? It is used to thin the blood so that clots will not form. It is used to treat blood clots. What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take this drug? If you have an allergy to acenocoumarol or any other part of this drug. If you are allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had. If you have any of these health problems: Blood vessel problems like aneurysm or dissecting aorta; bleeding problems; bleeding in the brain; active ulcer; bleeding of the stomach, bowel, urinary tract, genitals, or respiratory tract; blood problems; Acenocoumarol 1/9 heart problems like pericarditis or heart valve infection; kidney disease; liver disease; low platelet count; recent surgery, including surgery of the eye or brain; very high blood pressure; low vitamin C levels; arthritis; or mental problems. If you have any of these health problems: A certain health problem called pre-eclampsia, seizures during pregnancy (eclampsia), induction of labor, or threatened spontaneous abortion. If you abuse alcohol or have a drinking problem. If you know that you will not take the drug or have your blood work (PT/INR) checked as you have been told. If you are pregnant or may be pregnant. -
Apixaban (Eliquis®) What You Need to Know
APIXABAN (ELIQUIS®) WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW WHY AM I TAKING APIXABAN (ELIQUIS® )? Your doctor has recommended the medication apixaban (ELIQUIS®) for you to take. This medication is an anticoagulant, “anti” meaning against and “coagulant” meaning clotting, so a medication that prevents blood clots. Sometimes this drug is called a blood thinner. An anticoagulant helps to prevent clots from forming in the blood. While you are on this medication you will need to be watched carefully for bleeding and bruising. Your health care provider will work with you to keep you safe and healthy while you are taking apixaban (ELIQUIS®). Please notify your health care provider if you have any questions. The more you know about this medication, the better team you and your health care provider will make together. Please take some time to read all of the information. HOW SHOULD APIXABAN (ELIQUIS®) BE TAKEN? • Take your medication exactly as prescribed. Apixaban (ELIQUIS®) is taken twice daily at the same time each day. • Medication may be taken with or without food • Tablets may be crushed if difficulty swallowing whole. • If you miss a dose take it as soon as you remember. Do NOT take more than one dose at the same time to make up for the missed dose. CAN I TAKE APIXABAN (ELIQUIS®) WITH OTHER MEDICATIONS? It is important to talk with your doctor or pharmacist about all of the other medications that you are taking, including over-the-counter medications, antibiotics, vitamins, or herbal supplements. You may have increased risk of bleeding if you take other