Chair’s Letter

Dear Delegates,

We are delighted to welcome you to the World War III fantasy committee at the third annual Kent School Model United Nations Conference. Your chairs for this committee are Sarah Smith and Nebeeka Saha.

This committee deals with the aftermath of a possible World War III. With the way that the United States has interacted with other countries recently, many citizens are concerned of the possibilities of an uprising war with the rising power, China. This is mainly due to the trade war involving the United States and China. As two large and powerful countries, the United States and China seem unlikely to go to war without involving allies. Moreover, not only is the war itself important for this committee, but so is the aftermath. With the shock of a bomb at the White House and the death of key government leaders, delegates will be asked to not only resolve this crisis, but also investigate the origins of this disaster, all the while maintaining their position.

Since this committee is mostly fiction, we are here to challenge your critical and creative thinking. We do ask that you thoroughly read through this background guide and further research the position that you have been given. This allows delegates to begin their in depth research on who they will be representing within the our committee’s discussions. Make sure that any notes or information you have on your position are printed beforehand, as no electronics are permitted within the committee room. If you have trouble following anything in the discussion you may ask your dias for help. We encourage questions and curiosity to help further everyone’s understanding of debate. Each delegate is expected to write a one page, double-spaced position paper on how the government should be rebuilt from the very bottom after the bombing and how to investigate the culprit, including who you suspect the bomber to be. We encourage delegates to be creative with this paper!

If you have any questions or see any problems within the background guide, please don’t hesitate to contact me, your chairs, or any other member of Kent School Model United Nations. We look forward to hosting you at this year’s conference!

Your chairs, Sarah Smith’ 20 [email protected] Nebeeka Saha’ 20 [email protected]

Introduction

Ten years in the future, the U.S. government takes part in the third World War, thus resulting in an internal stalemate for the last decade. As one of the largest world powers for many decades, the United States felt tensions rise as China grew to prominence. Tensions furthered when the United States entered a trade war with China, one of the largest economies, due to their continued increase in tariffs on the large amount of exported goods.

This is a world war, meaning multiple countries around the world are included. This is due to the long history that these countries have in war, where they’ve gained multiple allies and enemies that could be involved if a war actually plays out. The United States has France, England, and Germany on their side. The France and U.S. have maintained a strong relationship since the American Revolution in 1776. The U.S., France and Britain have teamed up together in past wars before, mainly World War II. Germany would possibly join the U.S. in this war due to both countries being largely democratic. China’s side includes North Korea, Russia and Pakistan. North Korea would join China due to China’s large amount of control over North Korea since China is its main trade resource and therefore, it’s North Korea’s source of food. Russia and China have had relations since 1991 and have been seen to be in a mutual partnership. Pakistan and China have been shown to have beneficial relations since 1950.

Background Information

The year is 2029 and for the past ten years the world has been full of chaos due to World War III. The war first began with conflict among the world powers–United States of America and China. Throughout their long trading history, these two countries caused tensions by raising tariffs on imported goods, which eventually led to a trade war. China boldly decided to cut off all trading ties with the U.S. in 2019 after Trump raised tariffs so high that it cost more to export the goods than what they were receiving. The U.S. was left with a large economic hole. Allies of China include North Korea, Russia, and Pakistan, while the United States is joined by France, England and Germany.

Since the U.S. is geographically the farthest away from these other countries, the lowest amount of battles were fought in the States. Battles occurred largely in China and Russia due to their large territory. The U.S. became the forerunner to win this war due to their unique military tactics (the use of Nuclear bombs won’t be used due to an agreement made beforehand between competing countries) The U.S. barred communications between North Korea and China, cutting North Korea off as an ally of China.

A treaty was set to be signed in Washington D.C. between President Trump and Xi Jinping, but when Trump and his cabinet waited for the Chinese government to arrive, a bomb sent to the White House left most of the United States executive officials killed or severely wounded. Fortunately, while the White House was bombed, your following positions were away at one of our allies’ countries thanking them for their help in the war. Therefore, you were all saved from the bombing and with all of those in a higher position having been killed or too wounded to hold up their position, you are the next in line to step up during this country’s time of need.

Topics for Debate

Rebuilding government after bombing - Due to the massive amount of damage that the bomb has on Washington DC the government as been destroyed. The Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Branch have all been killed so what is next? The delegates can chose to keep the United States government the same as it has always been or create a whole new type of government that will help the country and create a quick repair.

How to handle citizens - With the country’s fate in your hands you will need to tell citizens what is going on, and even when you delegates don’t know necessarily what happened, you will need to organize the country and make citizens calm again. Delegates should keep in mind that they have full control of all aspects of the United States government and what they do will be heavily watched by the media. The key to allowing these delegates to start discovering who bombed the White House is keeping the citizens out of the way.

Discovering who did the bombing - With all that you know from what happened during the war you will have to come to the conclusion of what country bombed the White House. We encourage delegates to think outside the box and take in not only what happened during the war, but other reasons for such bombing of the US government. Delegates should include their theory of who bombed the White House in their position paper, therefore, the delegates should be thinking of this before entering the debate. With this being a crisis committee, the delegates will have a chance to get more information during their debate, which will help them come to this conclusion.

Discovering why the bombings occurred - Figuring out who did the bombing is only half the battle, the delegates will then have to understand the reason why. This can be due to the smallest issues that would make the country conflict. Don’t narrow yourself to just the country’s involved in the war, but think about any country and group of people that may have a reason to bomb and destroy the current government.

Maintaining Peace - How will the American government change the way it has treated countries like China to ensure another catastrophic war like this will not happen again in the future? Will you decide to enforce harsher laws or leave them alone?

Deciding on How to Punish the Bomber - After deciding on who and where the bomber is from you must decide on what approach we should take to make sure they are no longer a threat.

War Debt - Who should be responsible for the war debt? Should China and its allies pay for war damage?

Unsigned Treaty - With the United States in shambles before the treaty could have been signed to end World War III the war is still ongoing. It is up to the delegates to consider their current involvement in the war. Ending the war would take a lot of pressure off of the U.S., but does the U.S. government still trust China?

Defending the government - While you and your fellow cabinet members are deciding your next move in this war, how will you prevent other nations from taking advantage of you? If a state government tries to cause an uproar, how will you keep the country intact?

Potential Scenarios - Delegates should take these scenarios into consideration when doing extra research and taking notes on key points that they would like to bring into the debate. - Citizen uproar and inciting political havoc - Outside countries taking advantage of the U.S. lack of governmental structure - U.S. having to deal with all the war damage and repair - Possible ideas on ending the war, such as treaties - China and its allies going against the treaty and possibly bombing the U.S.

Delegates List The list of positions that the delegates will be representing are current members of the United States National Security Council. Since we do not know who will be in these positions in 10 years we used current members as a guideline of people that may be put in this scenario. We exclude members that would be at high risk of having been killed during the bombing, such as President Trump and Vice President Mike Pence.

Mike Pompeo (R): S​ ecretary of State​: Pompeo has previously served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency until April 2018 and served four terms as a congressman for Kansas’ 4th District. Pompeo also has a military background as he graduated from the United States Military Academy. https://www.whitehouse.gov/people/mike-pompeo/

Steve Mnuchin (R): ​Secretary of Treasury:​ As the current Secretary of Treasury of the United States, Mnuchin has felt strong negative opinions on China’s economic gains. Mnuchin has also shared his opinion on North Korea and his fear of their excessive trade with China. https://ballotpedia.org/Steven_Mnuchin

Patrick Shanahan(R): ​Secretary of Defense​: As acting Secretary of Defence after Jack Mattis left office, Shanahan takes up the responsibility to represent the Pentagon and the U.S. Defense. Because Trump did not like the orders given by Mattis, thus resulting is Mattis’ departure, Shanahan is pressured to listen and stay on Trump’s good side. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/12/28/the-militarys-new-boss-is-walking-into-an-ambush/

Rick Perry (R): S​ ecretary of Energy​: Perry is well experienced in warfare from his time in the United States Air Force and has served as the 47th governor for Texas. He focused on creating jobs that match up with the growing population. ​https://www.energy.gov/contributors/rick-perry

Matthew Whitaker (R): A​ ttorney General:​ Whitaker views some of the counsel’s actions as going too far and doesn’t want the U.S. to get too closely involved with Russia. Whitaker is also very critical of past FBI investigations, especially those including the Clinton Administration. https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/415637-5-things-to-know-about-new-acting-attorney- general-matthew-whitaker

Kirstjen Nielsen (R): ​Secretary of Homeland Security:​ Nielsen largely focuses on the importance of border control and has mentioned his interest in cybersecurity issues. He worries about the lack of security in rising technology. ​https://ballotpedia.org/Kirstjen_Nielsen

John Kelly (R): ​White House Chief of Staff​: Formerly Director of Homeland Security, Kelly was inducted as the Chief of Staff by President Trump. Kelly’s job entails control over the agenda of the President and is a strict follower of the constitution. His conservative views and certain paranoias will affect how he, if given the opportunity, wishes to create a new government. https://www.aclu.org/other/john-kelly-facts

Dan Coats (R): D​ irectory of National Intelligence​: Coats has a strong opinion on Russia’s meddling and over involvement in United States affairs since Trump’s election. The President has showed his distrust in the Intelligence agency for their distrust for Russia. This increasing tension has led to Coats being banned from Russia itself. https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/17/opinions/dan-coats-trump-statement-andersen-brower-opinion/i ndex.html

Joseph Dunford (R): C​ hairman of the Joint Chief of Staff​: Having a long history in the marines and other parts of the U.S. military, Dunford was enlisted as the Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff during Obama’s presidency. Dunford strongly believes that Russia is the biggest military threat to the United States. h​ ttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Dunford

*Gina Haspel (R): D​ irector of the CIA​: As a controversial choice as the Director of the CIA, Haspel has a certain reputation due to her involvement in dark secrets during the Bush Presidency and then the destruction of evidence. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/5/17/17366134/gina-haspel-cia-director-confirmed- senate-vote-torture

John Bolton (R): N​ ational Security Advisor​: Previously an ambassador for the United Nations and a Fox News analyst, Bolton has created strong views on foreign policies. Bolton’s strong opinions strike North Korea where he feels the United States should start war. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/03/23/john-bolton-policy-views-you-should-know-abou t/UDDDKdR57kNEHnR3qsJP3J/story.html

*Nikki Haley (R): U​ S Representative to UN Nations​: Haley has shown to be a strict conservative and has served as the House Representative for South Carolina. She feels that a large problem of America is the democratic population. h​ ttps://www.biography.com/people/nikki-haley-20939217

Mick Mulvaney (R): ​Director of the Office of Management and Budget:​ Having very conservative views, Mulvaney also has some oppositions to practices in China and their ways of killing prisoners for organs. Mulvaney opposes treaties that limit the gun trade in Israel and Taiwan. http://www.ontheissues.org/House/Mick_Mulvaney.htm

Jonathan Cohen: ​Ambassador of the United Nations:​ Cohen has a lot of experience in communications with outside countries after being Deputy Chief of Mission in Baghdad, Paris and Cyprus. Cohen has also been a counselor for political military affairs in Rome. https://www.concordia.net/community/mr-jonathan-r-cohen/

Pat Cipollone (R) : W​ hite House Counsel​: As a Washington lawyer, Cipollone has past experience working for the Bush administration and the Justice Department. https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/16/politics/pat-cipollone-white-house-counsel-trump/index.html

Michael Botticelli (D): ​Direct of National Drug Control Policy:​ Despite the lack of foreign policy involvement that his job entails, Botticelli echoes the opinions of the Democratic party. Botticelli would have a unique perspective in this group since he is one of only a few Democrats in this committee. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2014/08/28/white-house-nominates-botti celli-an-alcoholic-to-be-drug-czar/?utm_term=.7cf84b930aa1

*Christopher A. Wray: ​Director of the FBI:​ After running the Justice Department’s Criminal Division under the Bush Administration, Wray was also an overseer for the events following 9/11. Wray’s experience as a lawyer for Chris Christie gave him allies among the Trump Administration, and Trump himself. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/06/07/four-things-know-christoph er-wray-president-trumps-fbi-director-pick/102581560/

*Nancy Pelosi (D): H​ ouse of Representatives Minority Leaders:​ Pelosi shares common democratic views and voted yes on deterring foreign arm transfers set to China. Pelosi has shared negative views on Trump’s wall along the Mexican border and has been less concerned about immigration. http://www.ontheissues.org/ca/nancy_pelosi.htm

*Kevin McCarthy (R): ​Republican Majority Leader of the House:​ McCarthy has shown his stance on key issues facing 2018, and has specifically mentioned his lack of support for the democratic institutions starting in Pakistan. h​ ttp://www.ontheissues.org/CA/Kevin_McCarthy.htm

*Steve Scalise (R): ​House Majority Whip:​ As the U.S. Representative of Louisiana, Scalise is a very conservative Republican. Like McCarthy, Scalise has shared his lack of support for the democratic nation growing in Pakistan. ​http://www.ontheissues.org/House/Steve_Scalise.htm

Kelley E. Currie (R):​Representative of the United States of America on the Economic and Social Council of the UN​: Currie focuses on human rights and unusual security issues along the Asia-Pacific region. Currie served as a staff director of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus for Congressman John Porter of Illinois. ​https://usun.state.gov/leadership/8316

*Cherith Norman Chalet: ​Ambassador for UN Management and Reform and​ Alternative Representative to the General Assembly​: Chalet has experience in communication as the liaison between the State and House Appropriations and and Budget Committees. https://usun.state.gov/leadership/8662 https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-intent-nomi nate-appoint-personnel-key-administration-posts-9/

*​These Delegates are not a part of the National Security Council, but are involved in this debate due to their power in state representation and will help move the debate along.