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Chicanas: Their Voices, Their Lives. INSTITUTION Michigan State Dept DOCUMENT RESUME ED 304 249 RC 016 951 AUTHOR Lockert, Lucia Fox, Ed. TITLE Chicanas: Their Voices, Their Lives. INSTITUTION Michigan State Dept. of Education, Lansing. Bilingual Education Office. SPOYC AGENCY Michigan State Council forthe Arts, Detroit. PUr DATE Sep 88 NOTE 44p.; The illustrations inthis book are reproductions of paintingsby Nora Chapa Mendoza. PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adults; Fthnic Groups; *Females; *Hispanic American Culture; Interviews; Latin American Culture; *Mexican Americans; Minority Groups; Oral History; *Womens Studies IDENTIFIERS *Chicanas; Mexican American Studies ABSTRACT This book is an oral history of ten Chicane women ranging in ages from 84 to 24. The collection of interviews reflects how their hard work and determination have significantly changed their lives for the better. The backgrounds of the women vary; some were born in Mexico and moved to the United States. Others were born in the Southwest and later emigrated to the Midwest. They have been witnesses to the great social change that has occurred in the United States over the last 20 years. The different opinions of the women reflect the societies in which they live. These women have undertaken different occupational and professional opportunities. To accurately portray these Chicanas, their own words are reproduced as closely as possible:. The interviews were conducted in Spanish and late:* translated into English. The women express their opinions about their religions, their families, their economic standings and many other issues. (ALL) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***: CHICANAS: THEIR VOICES, THEIR LIVES Lucia Fox Locked 1988 NI rights reserved S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION "PERM ION TO REPRODUCE THIS Office of Educational Pr *arch andImprovement MAT HAS BEEN GRANTED BY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ?This document has been reproducedas received from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction duality Points of view or opinions stated in this dOCu +rent do not necessarily repreaenl official TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OERI position or policy INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" Publishers Michigan State Board of Education Department of Education Bilingual / Migrant Education published September 1988 @ Michigan State Board of Education f Barbara Roberts Mason Dorothy Beardmore ?resident Vice President *on Cherry Jacobus Dr Gumeondo Salas Secretary Treasurer Dr Edmund F Vandene Norman Otto Stockmeyer. Sr NASBE Delegate Annetta Miller note W Hopgood Ex-Officio Members 416 James J Blanchard Donald L Bemis Governor Superintendent of Public Instruction 3 MICHIGAN STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION STATEMENT OF ASSURANCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL LAW The Michigan State Board of Education complies with all Federal laws and regulations prohibiting discrimination and with all requirements and regulations of the U S Department o' EducationItis the policy of the Michigan State Board of Education that no person on the basis of race color, religionnational origin or ancestryagesexmarital status or handicap shall be discriminated against excluded from participation in denied the benefits of or otherwise be subjected to discrimination in any program or activity for which itis responsible or for which itreceives financial assistance from the U S Department of Education 4 Written by Lucia Fox Lockert © 1988 Titles of the illustrations by Nora Mendoza © 1988 in the order in which they appear. En case I At Home, page xii El descanso I Resting, page 4 Unidad familiar I Family Unity, page 12 Rumbo al Node I Going North, page 16 La pisca del tomato I Picking Tomatoes, page 20 Las "piscas" I Working In the Fields, page 28 Madre e hijo I Mother and Child, page 34 Cover emboss of painting by Nora Mendoza, entitled La pisca del tomato I Picking Tomatoes Published September, 1988 © by The Michigan State Board of Education This publicatior may be copied for non-profit educational purposes only, upon writton request to Migrant Education Programs Michigan Department of Education P.O. Box 30008 Lansing, Michigan 48909 Bilingual/Migrant Education Program Miguel Ruiz, Chief Cecilia Santa Ana, Supervisor Meredith Hines, Proofreader Cathy Hindman, Consultant and Michigan Field Representative for the Upper Great Lakes Multifunctional Resource Center Graphic design of cover, text design, and typography by Steve Light, Graphic Designer, Office of Public Affairs, Michigan Department of Education Special thanks to: Allison Ridley William Mitchel Esperanza Rosario Francisca Mercedes Rosa Juana Ana Eloisa Susan Bill Judy Frank Michigan State Board of Education iv 5 FOREWORD The profiles contained herein are candid poetic expressions of the life experiences of ten Chicana women. The author vividly unmasks the forces which propel them to findtheir place in the world.Their expressions are remarkable examples of the universal human experience. These women strive away from dependency by laboring for greater control of theirenviron- ments.They strive away from isolation by finding roles within community life. It is no minor accomplishment to maintain enthusiasm for life, indeed +o sustain sanity under the social disadvantages of being both a womar anda third world minority in a patriarchal society.These women are a testimony to a bright future for the world, for in their maturity they speak more of obstacles as trials to overcome than of obstaclesas overpowering events.This redeeming resiliency is the hallmark of our shared humanity. We, too, can learn how to achieve greater controlover our lives and at the same time maintain our humanity by pointing to thecommon quality so evident in the lives of these women. That quality is their ability to work out life problems through the use of universal logic, and it's appropriate application, that is, the ability to demystify their condition and act to affirm themselves and the ones they love in the community. Miguel A. Ruiz, Ph.D. Chief Bilingual and Migrant Programs Michigan Depc: iment of Education PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book is an oral history of several Chi- The following is some background infor- cana women who have been through some mation about the editor, Lucia Fox Lockert difficult and trying times.The collection of in- and Nora Chapa Mendoza, the artist who terviews reflects how their hard work and de- kindly contribute( the illustrations in this book. termination have significantly changed theirI. lives for the better.Some of the women inter- LuciaFONLocked viewed were born in Mexico and moved to "Her special gift of sensitivity and her the United States cluing the Mexican Revolu- dedication to the Arts have made her a mag- tion.Others were born in the Southwest and netic center for artistic expression in Michi- later emigrated to the Midwest and estab- gan."This was said by a peer of our Diana lished themselves here permanently.They recipient, a woman who has received many have been witnesses to the great social awards for he, contributions to literaturea change that has occurred in the United writer of twenty three books, numerous short States over the last twenty years.It is interest- stories, and several dramas. ing to compare the different opinions of the Her career began at the age of fifteen women with regards to the society in which with her first book of poetry, written and pub- they live.It is also important to note the dif- lishediiiher native country of Peru.She ferent occupational and professional oppor- holds a Ph D. in Spanish from the University of tunities that have been undertaken by these Illinois and has distinguished herself as a lec- women. turer and writer and poet of internationally The only way to accurately portray the recognized stature.More than a decade Chicana is to reproduce, as closely as possi- ago, the Brown University Library began col- ble, her own words about her life.The stere- lecting her manuscripts. otypes that have k,een, and continue to be, She is a piotgssor at Michigan State Uni- propagated by the mass media never allow versity in the Department of Romance and the true 'psyche' of the Chicana to be Classical Languages, and teaches courses in probed. She has inherited Latin American Latin American Culture and People and Latin values, but has also acquired many Anglo American Literature. values through the educational system. This A renowned critic herself, she has been duality at times causes the Chicana to ques- acclaimed critically as well as profession- tion her roots and her true identity.After ally.Sne won the Michigan Endowment for reading each of the short biographies, it is the Aris Creative Writing Grant in 1981 and clear that many of the women had to find thin National Endowment for the Arts Creative their own way in life.Although being moth- Writing Grant in 1982.She received the ers and having extended families are impor- Palmas Magisteriales del Peru in 1984 and tant values in the Chicanas' lives, their frustra- the Michigan StateUniversity Woman tion at the traditional values of a patriarchal Achiever Award in 1985. system are also quite apparent. These In her essays, there is an ardent and dig- women are twice oppressed: they are Mexi- nified appeal for the rights of women. She cans and the, are women. has devoted much of her scholarly research The ages of the women interviewed vary to Chicano issues and Hispanic women, and from 84 to 24, spanning three generations. is a consultant for the local publication, They have expressed their opinions about "Labyris," a feminist arts journal. She has their religions, their families, their economic also written for "Festival" and has contributed standings and many other issues.The inter- numerous articles to "El Renacimiento." A views were conducted in Spanish and were critic wrote, "The varied production of Lucia later translated into English. Foxnot only in poetry but in several plays This study was made possible by a Grant and numerous critical essayshas been from the Michigan Council for the Arts.
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