Regulation D Reserve Requirements
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Bank Capital Requirements
May 10, 2019 Bank Capital Requirements Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC Propose Amendments to the Supplementary Leverage Ratio Requirements for Custodial Banking Organizations SUMMARY Last week, the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC published a joint notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register to implement Section 402 of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (“EGRRCPA”), which would modify the supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”) in their regulatory capital rules to exclude certain funds of custodial banking organizations deposited with certain central banks.1 A banking organization would be considered a custodial banking organization if it is a U.S. top-tier depository institution holding company with a ratio of assets under custody (“AUC”)-to-total assets of at least 30 to 1, or a subsidiary depository institution of any such holding company. Under the proposal, a custodial banking organization would exclude deposits placed at a Federal Reserve Bank, the European Central Bank and certain other central banks from its “total leverage exposure” (the denominator of the SLR), subject to a limit on the amount of deposits that could be excluded calculated as the amount of deposit liabilities of the custodial banking organization that are linked to fiduciary or custody and safekeeping accounts. Comments on the proposal are due by July 1, 2019. BACKGROUND The generally applicable leverage requirements of the agencies’ regulatory capital rules provide that all banking organizations must meet a minimum leverage ratio of 4 percent, measured as the ratio of tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets. Since January 1, 2018, advanced approaches banking organizations have also been required to maintain an SLR of at least 3 percent.2 The SLR measures tier 1 capital relative to “total leverage exposure,” which includes on-balance-sheet assets (such as deposits New York Washington, D.C. -
Electronic Fund Transfers Your Rights
ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFERS YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES Indicated below are types of Electronic Fund Transfers we are capable of handling, some of which may not apply to your account. Please read this disclosure carefully because it tells you your rights and obligations for the transactions listed. You should keep this notice for future reference. Electronic Fund Transfers Initiated By Third Parties. You may authorize a third party to initiate electronic fund transfers between your account and the third party’s account. These transfers to make or receive payment may be one-time occurrences or may recur as directed by you. These transfers may use the Automated Clearing House (ACH) or other payments network. Your authorization to the third party to make these transfers can occur in a number of ways. For example, your authorization to convert a check to an electronic fund transfer or to electronically pay a returned check charge can occur when a merchant provides you with notice and you go forward with the transaction (typically, at the point of purchase, a merchant will post a sign and print the notice on a receipt). In all cases, these third party transfers will require you to provide the third party with your account number and bank information. This information can be found on your check as well as on a deposit or withdrawal slip. Thus, you should only provide your bank and account information (whether over the phone, the Internet, or via some other method) to trusted third parties whom you have authorized to initiate these electronic fund transfers. -
Observations on Regulation D and the Use of Reserve Requirements
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Requesters October 2016 FEDERAL RESERVE Observations on Regulation D and the Use of Reserve Requirements GAO-17-117 October 2016 FEDERAL RESERVE Observations on Regulation D and the Use of Reserve Requirements Highlights of GAO-17-117, a report to congressional requesters Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Section 19 of the Federal Reserve Act The methods by which depository institutions can implement Regulation D requires depository institutions to (Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions) include maintaining reserves maintain reserves against a portion of against transaction accounts and enforcing a numeric transfer and withdrawal their transaction accounts solely for the (transaction) limit for savings deposits if they wish to avoid classifying those implementation of monetary policy. accounts as reservable transaction accounts. GAO estimates that 70–78 percent Regulation D implements section 19, of depository institutions limit savings deposit transactions. Other methods and it also requires institutions to limit include automatically transferring balances from transaction (e.g., checking) certain kinds of transfers and accounts to savings deposits in order to reduce reserve requirements. Institutions withdrawals from savings deposits to may choose to maintain transaction account reserves against savings deposits to not more than six per month or eliminate the need to enforce the transaction limit. But some institutions GAO statement cycle if they wish to avoid having to maintain reserves against surveyed indicated that they had operational burdens associated with monitoring these accounts. The transaction limit and enforcing the transaction limit (for example, 63–73 percent cited challenges, allows the Federal Reserve to such as creating forms and converting and closing accounts). -
Easing Liquidity Regulations to Counter COVID-19 by Priya Sankar, Alexander Nye, and Greg Feldberg
Easing Liquidity Regulations to Counter COVID-19 By Priya Sankar, Alexander Nye, and Greg Feldberg Original post here. Many countries are easing liquidity regulations to help banks get cash to their customers and to prevent liquidity shortages from spreading across financial markets. Countries are addressing liquidity shortages using two main tools: the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), which most developed countries implemented in recent years as part of the Basel III agreements, and the more traditional reserve requirement ratio. LCR rules require banks to hold high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) sufficient to meet their needs through a 30-day liquidity stress scenario. Most countries that have an LCR rule have now eased its enforcement, encouraged by the Basel Committee itself in March. Other countries have lowered their reserve requirements, the amount of cash relative to liabilities that banks must hold on reserve with their central bank. A few countries have taken other measures, such as easing rules on foreign exchange liquidity. All of these tools are countercyclical and macroprudential, in that regulators are now using them to spur broad-based lending during a difficult crisis. This blog discusses options for easing liquidity regulations: 1. Which tool to use? 2. How long will the change last? 3. Will the government provide a backstop? 4. Are there targets or conditions for use? Which tool to use? Reserve requirements Central banks have used reserve requirements to pursue monetary, macroprudential, and other policy goals for a very long time. Since central banks generally pay less than other cash-like instruments, reserves are costly for banks to hold. -
(Automated Teller Machine) and Debit Cards Is Rising. ATM Cards Have A
Consumer Decision Making Contest 2001-2002 Study Guide ATM/Debit Cards The popularity of ATM (automated teller machine) and debit cards is rising. ATM cards have a longer history than debit cards, but the National Consumers League estimates that two-thirds of American households are likely to have debit cards by the end of 2000. It is expected that debit cards will rival cash and checks as a form of payment. In the future, “smart cards” with embedded computer chips may replace ATM, debit and credit cards. Single-purpose smart cards can be used for one purpose, like making a phone call, or riding mass transit. The smart card keeps track of how much value is left on your card. Other smart cards have multiple functions - serve as an ATM card, a debit card, a credit card and an electronic cash card. While this Study Guide will not discuss smart cards, they are on the horizon. Future consumers who understand how to select and use ATM and debit cards will know how to evaluate the features and costs of smart cards. ATM and Debit Cards and How They Work Electronic banking transactions are now a part of the American landscape. ATM cards and debit cards play a major role in these transactions. While ATM cards allow us to withdraw cash to meet our needs, debit cards allow us to by-pass the use of cash in point-of-sale (POS) purchases. Debit cards can also be used to withdraw cash from ATM machines. Both types of plastic cards are tied to a basic transaction account, either a checking account or a savings account. -
Letter Agreement for Depository Institutions Eligible to Receive International Cash Services
Form last modified January 2016 Form of Letter Agreement for Depository Institutions eligible to receive International Cash Services [LETTERHEAD OF ADMINISTRATIVE RESERVE BANK] [DATE] [NAME OF DI ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE INTERNATIONAL CASH SERVICES]1 [STREET ADDRESS] [CITY, STATE, ZIP] Attention: [NAME], [TITLE] Ladies and Gentlemen: This letter agreement (this “Agreement”) sets forth the agreement of [NAME OF DI], a depository institution [chartered][organized] under the laws of [U.S. STATE OR COUNTRY] with its principal office located at [ADDRESS] (the “Depository Institution”) [and a U.S. [branch/agency] authorized pursuant to Regulation K (Part 211 of Title 12 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations) located at [ADDRESS] (the “U.S. Branch/Agency”)] to the terms and conditions governing the withdrawal of U.S. dollar banknotes from and the deposit of U.S. dollar banknotes to a Federal Reserve Bank in connection with cross-border currency activity. The Depository Institution acknowledges that the Federal Reserve Bank of [CITY] (the “Reserve Bank”) is the [Depository Institution’s][U.S. Branch/Agency’s] Administrative Reserve Bank. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings: “Administrative Reserve Bank” has the meaning specified in the Reserve Bank’s Operating Circular No. 1, as it may be amended from time to time. “Federal Reserve Prohibition” means any prohibition on U.S. dollar banknote trading with a particular individual or entity, or with individuals or entities in a particular jurisdiction, that is communicated by the Reserve Bank in writing upon ten (10) days’ prior written notice to the Depository Institution [and its U.S. -
Savings Account Creation User Manual
Savings Account Creation Oracle FLEXCUBE Universal Banking Release 11.3.83.02.0 [April] [2014] Oracle Part Number E53607-01 Savings Account Creation Table of Contents 1. CREATION OF SAVINGS ACCOUNT ....................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 STAGES IN ACCOUNT CREATION ................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.3 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM .......................................................................................................................... 1-2 1-1 1. Creation of Savings Account 1.1 Introduction The process to open a savings account can be initiated in two ways: When a prospect/customer approaches the bank (via phone/net banking or by walking into the branch) with an account opening request When the bank approaches a prospect - lead from its database In case of a bank-initiated request, the process continues only if the prospect is interested. If the prospect is interested, the bank needs to receive the required set of documents from the customer for savings account opening. Once documents are received, the bank can conduct a New Customer Due Diligence (NCDD) check in case of a new customer. If the NCDD check is not passed for a customer, the application will be rejected in most cases. In case of account opening for an existing customer, the bank can perform a Know Your Customer (KYC) check. For a customer who passes the NCDD check/KYC check, the customer account will be opened in the relevant system and the kit will be dispatched. 1.2 Stages in Account Creation In Oracle FLEXCUBE, the process for opening a savings account is governed by several user roles created to perform different tasks. At every stage, the users (with requisite rights) need to fetch the relevant transactions from their task lists and act upon them. -
GAO-14-110, Highlights, U.S. CURRENCY: Coin Inventory
October 2013 U.S. CURRENCY Coin Inventory Management Needs Better Performance Information Highlights of GAO-14-110, a report to congressional requesters Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Efficiently managing the circulating In 2009, the Federal Reserve centralized coin management across the 12 coin inventory helps ensure that Reserve Banks, established national inventory targets to track and measure the enough coins are available to meet coin inventory, and in 2011 established a contract with armored carriers that public demand while avoiding store Reserve Bank coins in their facilities. However, according to Federal unnecessary production and storage Reserve data, from 2008 to 2012, total annual Reserve Bank coin management costs. The Federal Reserve fulfills the costs increased by 69 percent and at individual Reserve Banks increased at coin demand of the nation’s depository rates ranging from 36 percent to 116 percent. The Federal Reserve’s current institutions (e.g., commercial banks strategic plan calls for using financial resources efficiently and effectively and and credit unions) by managing monitoring costs to improve cost-effectiveness. However, the agency does not Reserve Bank inventory and ordering monitor coin management costs by each Reserve Bank—instead focusing on new coins from the U.S. Mint. GAO was asked to review this approach. combined national coin and note costs—thus missing potential opportunities to This report examines (1) how the improve the cost-effectiveness of coin-related operations across Reserve Banks. Federal Reserve manages the circulating coin inventory and the In managing the circulating coin inventory, the Federal Reserve followed two of related costs, (2) the extent to which five key practices GAO identified and partially followed three. -
Capital Markets
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY A Financial System That Creates Economic Opportunities Capital Markets OCTOBER 2017 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY A Financial System That Creates Economic Opportunities Capital Markets Report to President Donald J. Trump Executive Order 13772 on Core Principles for Regulating the United States Financial System Steven T. Mnuchin Secretary Craig S. Phillips Counselor to the Secretary Staff Acknowledgments Secretary Mnuchin and Counselor Phillips would like to thank Treasury staff members for their contributions to this report. The staff’s work on the report was led by Brian Smith and Amyn Moolji, and included contributions from Chloe Cabot, John Dolan, Rebekah Goshorn, Alexander Jackson, W. Moses Kim, John McGrail, Mark Nelson, Peter Nickoloff, Bill Pelton, Fred Pietrangeli, Frank Ragusa, Jessica Renier, Lori Santamorena, Christopher Siderys, James Sonne, Nicholas Steele, Mark Uyeda, and Darren Vieira. iii A Financial System That Creates Economic Opportunities • Capital Markets Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Scope of This Report 3 Review of the Process for This Report 4 The U.S. Capital Markets 4 Summary of Issues and Recommendations 6 Capital Markets Overview 11 Introduction 13 Key Asset Classes 13 Key Regulators 18 Access to Capital 19 Overview and Regulatory Landscape 21 Issues and Recommendations 25 Equity Market Structure 47 Overview and Regulatory Landscape 49 Issues and Recommendations 59 The Treasury Market 69 Overview and Regulatory Landscape 71 Issues and Recommendations 79 -
Time Deposit Online Application Guide
Time Deposit Online Application Guide Time Deposit Placement Step1 Log in Online Banking and select “Deposit Placement” under the section of “Account” Remarks: If this is the first time to set up Time Deposit or do not have a valid time deposit account, customer is required to visit our Branch to open Time Deposit account first. Step2 After entering “Deposit Placement” page, select the “Time Deposit Account(s)", "Debit From", "Currency", "Tenor", "Deposit Date", and enter the "Deposit Amount" to set up the Time Deposit. Then select "Renew" or "Do not renew" to set up the Maturity Instruction, and click "Confirm" to continue. 1 0000************5678 2 3 1 Time Deposit Online Application Guide Time Deposit Placement Step3 Enter the preview page and verify the Time Deposit Information. If the information is correct, click “Confirm” to complete the instruction; or click “Previous” to change the previous options. Step4 After clicking “Confirm”, the page will show that the instruction has been accepted. Please record the Reference No. for enquiry purpose. You may also save or print the relevant details. 2 Time Deposit Online Application Guide Enquire/Update the Maturity Instruction Step1 Log in Online Banking and select “Deposit Placement” under the section of “Account” Log in Online Banking and select “Time Deposit Summary” under the section of “Account”. Then click the icon “Enquiry or Update” on the right of the Time Deposit account that you would like to setup/amend the Maturity Instruction. 3 Time Deposit Online Application Guide Enquire/Update the Maturity Instruction Step2 After entering “Existing Time Deposit – Edit” page, select “Renew” or “Do not Renew” to set / amend the Maturity Instruction, and click “Next” to continue. -
Currency Boards
Database CURRENCY Table 1 Recently established currency boards, main features BOARDS Year of Anchor Liabilities to Backing rule Country introduction currency be backed in % At the beginning of the twentieth Hong Kong 1983 US dollar Certificates of 25 century most countries in the indebtedness world, including colonies for that Argentina 1991; system US dollar Monetary base 55 was aban- matter, tried to hold inflation in doned in 2002 check not by central banks – Estonia 1992 Originally Kroons in 100 which they did not have – but by deutsche mark, circulation later euro currency boards. (Keeping to the Lithuania 1994 Originally Litas in 100 rules of the gold standard is a spe- US dollar, circulation cial case of a currency board.) later euro During the course of the century, Bosnia and 1997 Originally Aggregate 100 however, most currency boards Herzegovina deutsche mark, monetary later euro liabilities were abandoned and turned into Bulgaria 1997 Originally Aggregate 60 central banks. A wave of dissolu- deutsche mark, monetary tion of currency boards occurred later euro liabilities with the political independence Source: Compiled from Ho (2002) and recent information from Bank for of former European colonies in International Settlements. Asia and Africa. But some cur- rency boards have survived to this day, for example in and Herzegovina and Bulgaria – created currency Bermuda, Brunei, the Cayman Islands, Djibouti, the boards. Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands or Gibraltar. The present-day currency boards, however, are not a The second part of the twentieth century witnessed “pure” or “orthodox” type. A pure currency board is a certain revival of currency boards (Table 1). -
ESTABLISHMENT of a DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM for the EASTERN CARIBBEAN CURRENCY UNION June 2020 Contents Toc43295216
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank ESTABLISHMENT OF A DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM FOR THE EASTERN CARIBBEAN CURRENCY UNION June 2020 Contents _Toc43295216 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 KEY MESSAGES ...................................................................................................................... 1 A. Policy Goals/Objective ........................................................................................................ 2 B. Summary of Proposed Core Design Features ................................................................ 2 3.0 BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................... 4 4.0 CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF THE DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND .................................. 6 4.1 Public Policy Objectives ..................................................................................................... 6 4.2 Mandate and Powers........................................................................................................... 7 4.3 Governance Structure ...................................................................................................... 11 4.4 Relationship with other Financial Safety Net Entities................................................. 13 4.5 Membership........................................................................................................................ 14 4.6 Qualifying Deposits and