DOCSLIB.ORG

2020.07.31 Jennewein Satellites

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2020.07.31 Jennewein Satellites 7/31/20 Novel techniques for ground to space quantumRESEARCH channels ◥ transmitting qubits over long distances a truly REVIEW formidable endeavor. Because qubits cannot be copied or amplified, repetition or signalIQC am- @ 2019: plification are ruled out as a means to overcome31 faculty QUANTUM INFORMATION imperfections, and a radically new technological development—such as quantum repeaters157— isGrad students needed in order to build a quantum internet57 Postdoc Quantum internet: A vision (Figs. 2 and 3) (5). We are now at an exciting moment in1800+ time, publications akin to the eve of the classical internet. In late for the road ahead 1969, the first message was sent over the$600M+ nas- funding cent four-node network that was then13 still spin re- -offs 1* 1 1,2 Thomas Jennewein Stephanie Wehner , David Elkouss , Ronald Hanson ferred to as the Advanced Research Projects Institute for Quantum Computing & Department of PhysicsAgency Network (ARPANET). Recent technolog- The internet a vast network that enables simultaneous long-range classical — and Astronomy,ical progress (6–9)nowsuggeststhatwemaysee communication has had a revolutionary impact on our world. The vision of a quantum — the first small-scale implementations of quan- internet is to fundamentally enhance internet technology by enabling quantumUniversity of Waterloo tum networks within the next 5 years. communication between any two points on Earth. Such a quantum internet may operate in [email protected] first glance, realizing a quantum internet parallel to the internet that we have today and connect quantum processors in order to 2020.07(Fig. 3) may seem even more difficult than build- achieve capabilities that are provably impossible by using only classical means. Here, we ing a large-scale quantum computer. After all, we propose stages of development toward a full-blown quantum internet and highlight Downloaded from might imagine that in full analogy to the clas- experimental and theoretical progress needed to attain them. sical internet, the ultimate version of a quantum internet consists of fully fledged quantum com- 1 he purpose of a quantum internet is to include secure access to remote quantum com- puters that can exchange an2 essentially arbi- enable applications that are fundamen- puters (2), more accurate clock synchronization trary number of qubits. Thankfully, it turns out tally out of reach for the classical internet. (3), and scientific applications such as com- that many quantum network protocols do not A quantum internet could thereby supple- bining light from distant telescopes to improve require large quantum computers to be real- http://science.sciencemag.org/ T ment the internet we have today by using observations (4). As the development of a quan- ized; a quantum device with a single qubit at quantum communication, but some researchers tum internet progresses, other useful applica- the end point is already sufficient for many go further and believe all communication will tions will likely be discovered in the next decade. applications. What’s more, errors in quantum eventually be done over quantum channels (1). Central to all these applications is that a quan- internet protocols can often be dealt with by The best-known application of a quantum in- tum internet enables us to transmit quantum using classical rather than quantum error cor- ternet is quantum key distribution (QKD), which bits (qubits), which are fundamentally differ- rection, imposing fewer demands on the control enables two remote network nodes to establish ent from classical bits. Classical bits can take and quality of the qubits than is the case for a an encryption key whose security relies only on only two values, 0 or 1, whereas qubits can be fully fledged quantum computer. The reason the laws of quantum mechanics. This is im- in a superposition of 0 and 1 at the same time. why quantum internet protocols can outperform possible with the classical internet. A quantum Importantly, qubits cannot be copied, and any classical communication with such relatively internet, however, has many other applications attempt to do so can be detected. It is this fea- modest resources is because their advantages on December 11, 2018 (Fig. 1) that bring advantages that are unattain- ture that makes qubits naturally well suited for rely solely on inherently quantum properties able with a classical network. Such applications security applications but at the same time makes such as quantum entanglement, which can be Quantum Internet Quantum computing in the cloud: exploited already with very few qubits. By con-Quantum Key Distribution RESEARCH trast, a quantum computer must feature more Fig. 1. Applications of a quantum qubits than can be simulated on a classical com- internet. One application of a quan- puter in order to offer a computational advantage. ◥ tum internet is to allow secure liness and need for a unified frameworkGiven for the challenges posed by the development of REVIEW SUMMARY access to remote quantum com- quantum internet researchers. aquantuminternet,itisusefultoreflectonwhat puters in the cloud (2). Specifically, a capabilities are needed to achieve specific quan-Fixes the loophole of key distribution, where classical keys simple quantum terminal capable of ADVANCES: We define different stagestum of applications and what technology is requiredcould be copied or compromised during transport. QUANTUM INFORMATION preparing and measuring only single development toward a full-blown quantumto realize them. qubits can use a quantum internet to internet. We expect that this classificationHere, we propose stages of developmentOnly transmit single quanta of light per bit. access a remote quantum computer will be instrumental in guiding and assessingtoward a full-blown quantum internet. These experimental progress as well as stimulating Quantum internet:RESEARCHin such| A aREVIEW way vision that the quantum stages are functionality driven: Central to their computer can learn nothing about the development of new applications by provid-definition is not the difficulty of experimentally for the road aheadwhich computation it has performed. ing a common language and reference frameachieving them but rather the essential question Almost all other applications of a quantum internet can be understoodfor the different from two scientific special features and engineering of of what level of complexity is needed to actually Fig. 4. Stagesquantum of quantum entanglement. First, if two qubits at different networkdisciplines nodes are involved. entangled with each enable usefulto attackapplications. the protocol, Each stage and is inter- remains secure at any Stephanie Wehner*, Davidinternet Elkouss, development. Ronaldother, thenHanson suchA entanglement spe- enables stronger than classicalMore correlation advanced and stages coordination. are distinguished For byesting a in itspoint own rightin the and future, distinguished even if by such a a quantum com- cific implementationexample, for of any a measurement quan- on qubit 1, if we made the samelarger measurement amount of function on qubitality, 2, then thus wesupportingspecific quantumputer functionality becomes available that is sufficient later on. This is provably instantaneously obtain the same answer, even though that answer is random and was not to support a certain class of protocols. To illus- ◥ ever more sophisticated Science 362, 303tum (2018) internet may, like for a impossible when using classical communication. BACKGROUND: The internet has had adetermined rev- as secure ahead ofaccess time. to Very remote roughly, quantum it is this comput- feature thatON makes OUR entanglementWEBSITE application so well suited protocols. for trate For this, for each stage we give examples of Alice Bob classical network,tasks that be require optimized coordination. Examples include clock synchronization (3), leader election, and known applicationThe BB84 protocols QKD in which (11) protocol a quantum can be realized by olutionary impact on our world. The vision of ers in the cloud. Read the full article each stage, we describe a quantum internet is to providefor distance, fundamen-achieving functionality, consensusCentral orto about all these data applications (53), or even is the using ability entanglementat http://dx.doi. to help two onlinesome bridge of the players applicationinternet is alreadyusing only known single-qubit to bring advantages. preparations and measure- tally new internet technology by enablingcoordinateof theira quantum actions internet (39). The to second transmit feature quantum of quantumorg/10.1126/ entanglement is thatprotocols it cannot that be are already both. The term network 1 ments tolerating some amount of post-selection p Eve ? shared. If two qubits are maximally entangled with each other,science.aam9288 then it is impossible by the laws of QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Post Office Box L. O. Mailloux et. al. Journal of Cyber Security and Information quantum communicationcommonly between any refers two tobits a (qubits) situation that are fundamentally different known and that can5046, be 2600Downloaded from GA Delft, Netherlands. 2Kavli Institute of quantum mechanics for a third qubit to be just as entangled.................................................. with either of them. This makes (19). For known protocols in this stage, eT + eM ≤ Systems, 4, 2 – Basic Complexity points on Earth. Such a quantumthat goes internet beyond point-to-pointthan classical bits. Whereas classical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Airborne Demonstration of a Quantum Key Distribution Receiver Payload
    Airborne demonstration of a quantum key distribution receiver payload Christopher J. Pugh1;2, Sarah Kaiser1;2z, Jean-Philippe Bourgoin1;2, Jeongwan Jin1;2, Nigar Sultana1;3, Sascha Agne1;2, Elena Anisimova1;2, Vadim Makarov2;1;3, Eric Choi1x, Brendon L. Higgins1;2 and Thomas Jennewein1;2 1 Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Satellite-based quantum terminals are a feasible way to extend the reach of quantum communication protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD) to the global scale. To that end, prior demonstrations have shown QKD transmissions from airborne platforms to receivers on ground, but none have shown QKD transmissions from ground to a moving aircraft, the latter scenario having simplicity and flexibility advantages for a hypothetical satellite. Here we demonstrate QKD from a ground transmitter to a receiver prototype mounted on an airplane in flight. We have specifically designed our receiver prototype to consist of many components that are compatible with the environment and resource constraints of a satellite. Coupled with our relocatable ground station system, optical links with distances of 3{10 km were maintained and quantum signals transmitted while traversing angular rates similar to those observed of low-Earth-orbit satellites. For some passes of the aircraft over the ground station, links were established within 10 s of position data transmission, and with link times of a few minutes and received quantum bit error rates typically ≈3{5 %, arXiv:1612.06396v2 [quant-ph] 9 Jun 2017 we generated secure keys up to 868 kb in length.
    [Show full text]
  • Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism*
    Selected for a Viewpoint in Physics week ending PRL 115, 250402 (2015) PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 18 DECEMBER 2015 Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism* † Lynden K. Shalm,1, Evan Meyer-Scott,2 Bradley G. Christensen,3 Peter Bierhorst,1 Michael A. Wayne,3,4 Martin J. Stevens,1 Thomas Gerrits,1 Scott Glancy,1 Deny R. Hamel,5 Michael S. Allman,1 Kevin J. Coakley,1 Shellee D. Dyer,1 Carson Hodge,1 Adriana E. Lita,1 Varun B. Verma,1 Camilla Lambrocco,1 Edward Tortorici,1 Alan L. Migdall,4,6 Yanbao Zhang,2 Daniel R. Kumor,3 William H. Farr,7 Francesco Marsili,7 Matthew D. Shaw,7 Jeffrey A. Stern,7 Carlos Abellán,8 Waldimar Amaya,8 Valerio Pruneri,8,9 Thomas Jennewein,2,10 Morgan W. Mitchell,8,9 Paul G. Kwiat,3 ‡ Joshua C. Bienfang,4,6 Richard P. Mirin,1 Emanuel Knill,1 and Sae Woo Nam1, 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA 2Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1 3Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 4National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA 5Département de Physique et d’Astronomie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada 6Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA 7Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA 8ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain 9ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain 10Quantum Information Science Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Received 10 November 2015; published 16 December 2015) We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs.
    [Show full text]
  • IQC Newbit, Issue 31, Winter 2017
    INSTITUTE FOR QUANT UM COMPUTING, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, ONTARIO, CANADA | NEWBIT | ISSUE 30 | WINTER 2 | NEWBIT ISSUE CANADA ONTARIO, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, UM COMPUTING, QUANT FOR INSTITUTE 30 | NEWBIT ISSUE CANADA ONTARIO, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, QANTUM COMPUTING, FOR | INSTITUTE WINTER 2017 ONTAR UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, COMPUTING, QUANTUM FOR | INSTITUTE 30 | WINTER 2017 | NEWBIT ISSUE CANADA NEWBIT | ISSUE 31 ISSUE | IN WINTER 2017 this issue FROM THE EDITOR BUILDING A Much of the content in this issue focuses on taking the QUANTUM PLATFORM science out of our labs and offices. At IQC, we’ve been pg 04 doing this for some time through outreach initiatives and Researchers at IQC’s Laboratory for conferences, but it’s especially true this year with the first Ultracold Quantum Matter and Light keep travelling exhibition that made its debut at THEMUSEUM their cool as they develop platforms for in Kitchener in October. It will continue its path across quantum applications. Canada throughout 2017. Some of our researchers and staff will travel to the TAKING QUANTUM cities where QUANTUM: The Exhibition will land. This INTO SPACE is in addition to the talks they give at conferences and pg 08 courses at other institutions. In the fall, we had researchers IQC researchers first to demonstrate present at the ETSI/IQC Workshop on Quantum-Safe an uplink to an airborne quantum Cryptography in Toronto and at the London Mathematical satellite receiver prototype. Society Research School at Queen’s University Belfast. QUANTUM: THE An experiment by one of our research groups also went EXHIBITION outside the lab during the fall term – and I mean literally pg 12 outside.
    [Show full text]
  • Polarization Entangled Photon Sources for Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution
    Polarization Entangled Photon Sources for Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution by Ramy Tannous A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Masters of Science in Physics (Quantum Information) Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 © Ramy Tannous 2018 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION This thesis consists of material all of which I authored or co-authored: see Statement of Contributions included in the thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii ABSTRACT Free-space quantum key distribution has recently achieved several milestones, such as the launch and results of the first quantum satellite, Micius. The emergence of quan- tum satellites has certainly made progress towards the realization of a global quantum cryptographic network. In this thesis, two challenges in the development of an optical quantum ground station for a free-space quantum satellite link are studied. The first is the development of a high brightness, fiber pigtailed waveguide that is to be used as a polarization entangled photon source. The high pair production rate is required in order to meet the requirements for a satellite up-link configuration. The portability, robustness and ease of alignment were motivations for choosing a fiber pigtailed source. Certain challenges that are fundamental to the source design were characterized and several solutions to these challenges were investigated. The other main investigation in this thesis, is the development of a passive polarization compensation using polarization maintaining fibers.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Implementation of Higher Dimensional Entanglement Ng Tien Tjuen a Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Master of Scie
    EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGHER DIMENSIONAL ENTANGLEMENT NG TIEN TJUEN (B.Sc. (Hons.)), NUS A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE PHYSICS DEPARTMENT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2013 ii Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and it has been written by me in its entirety. I have duly acknowledged all the sources of information which have been used in the thesis. This thesis has also not been submitted for any degree in any university previously. Ng Tien Tjuen 1 October 2013 Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks and grati- tude to my senior Poh Hou Shun, whom I have the pleasure of working with on various experiments over the years. They have endured with me through endless days in the laboratory, going down numerous dead ends before finally getting the ex- periments up and running. Special thanks also to my project advisor, Christian Kurtsiefer for his constant guidance over the years. Thanks also goes out to Cai Yu from the theory group for proposing this experiment and Chen Ming for giving me valuable feedback on the experimental and theoretical skills. A big and resounding thanks also goes out to my other fellow researchers and colleagues in quantum optics group. Thanks to Syed, Brenda, Gleb, Peng Kian, Siddarth, Bharat, Gurpreet, Victor and Kadir. They are a source of great inspiration, sup- port, and joy during my time in the group. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for their kind and constant words of encouragement. Contents 1 From Quantum Theory to Physical Measurements 1 1.1 AimofthisThesis ......................
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Large-Scale Quantum Networks
    Towards Large-Scale Quantum Networks Wojciech Kozlowski Stephanie Wehner [email protected] [email protected] QuTech, Delft University of Technology QuTech, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands Delft, Netherlands ABSTRACT ensure secure communication is the most famous example as it is The vision of a quantum internet is to fundamentally enhance also the only application that is ready for commercialisation and Internet technology by enabling quantum communication between is undergoing standardisation. Whilst QKD will be the main focus any two points on Earth. While the first realisations of small scale for most near-term quantum networks, many other applications quantum networks are expected in the near future, scaling such have already been put forward, with many more to be expected networks presents immense challenges to physics, computer science when such networks become widespread such as secure quantum and engineering. Here, we provide a gentle introduction to quantum computing in the cloud [10, 21], clock synchronisation [34], and networking targeted at computer scientists, and survey the state of sensor networks [22, 23]. the art. We proceed to discuss key challenges for computer science in order to make such networks a reality. CCS CONCEPTS • Networks → Network architectures; Network protocols; Net- work components; • Computer systems organization → Quan- tum computing. KEYWORDS networks, quantum networks, quantum internet, network protocols, quantum communications, quantum computing ACM Reference Format: Wojciech Kozlowski and Stephanie Wehner. 2019. Towards Large-Scale Quantum Networks. In The Sixth Annual ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NANOCOM ’19), September 25–27, 2019, Dublin, Ireland. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 7 pages.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Quantum Satellite Achieves 'Spooky Action' at Record Distance
    China’s quantum satellite achieves ‘spooky action’ at record distance By Gabriel PopkinJun. 15, 2017 , 2:00 PM Quantum entanglement—physics at its strangest—has moved out of this world and into space. In a study that shows China's growing mastery of both the quantum world and space science, a team of physicists reports that it sent eerily intertwined quantum particles from a satellite to ground stations separated by 1200 kilometers, smashing the previous world record. The result is a stepping stone to ultrasecure communication networks and, eventually, a space-based quantum internet. "It's a huge, major achievement," says Thomas Jennewein, a physicist at the University of Waterloo in Canada. "They started with this bold idea and managed to do it." Entanglement involves putting objects in the peculiar limbo of quantum superposition, in which an object's quantum properties occupy multiple states at once: like Schrödinger's cat, dead and alive at the same time. Then those quantum states are shared among multiple objects. Physicists have entangled particles such as electrons and photons, as well as larger objects such as superconducting electric circuits. Sign up for our daily newsletter Get more great content like this delivered right to you! By providing your email address, you agree to send your email address to the publication. Information provided here is subject to Science's Privacy Policy. Theoretically, even if entangled objects are separated, their precarious quantum states should remain linked until one of them is measured or disturbed. That measurement instantly determines the state of the other object, no matter how far away.
    [Show full text]
  • Bell's Inequality and Quantum Tomography
    Lab Course: Bell's Inequality and Quantum Tomography Revision April 2020 Contents 1 Qubits and entanglement2 1.1 Characterization of qubit states . .2 1.1.1 What is a qubit? . .2 1.1.2 Two-qubit states . .5 1.1.3 Bell States and entanglement . .6 1.2 EPR paradox and Bell's inequality . .7 1.2.1 EPR paradox . .7 1.2.2 Bell's inequality and CHSH inequality . .8 1.3 Density operator . 12 1.3.1 Definition and general characteristics . 12 1.3.2 Applications of the density operator . 13 2 Experimental setup 18 2.1 Generation of the entangled photons . 18 2.2 Polarization analysis and the detection system . 21 2.3 Software for the measurements . 25 3 Experimentation 26 4 Evaluation 28 1 1 Qubits and entanglement Bell's Inequality & Quantum Tomography Advanced Laboratory Course Quantum mechanical systems exhibit fundamentally different properties compared to classical systems. While the state of a classical particle can at any time be described by a set of well defined classical variables, quantum particles can be in superposition of different sates. If two or more particles are in a superposition such that the full state of the system can only be described by a joint superposition, then these particles are called entangled. The question whether the behaviour of entangled systems is determined by classical (local, realistic) variables was posed in a well-known paper in 1935 by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen (collectively \EPR"). Later, Bell formulated an inequality which allows to experimentally test whether the behaviour of entangled particles can be explained using such classical variables.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1009.2267V1 [Quant-Ph] 12 Sep 2010
    Quantum Computing T. D. Ladd,1 F. Jelezko,2 R. Laflamme,3, 4 Y. Nakamura,5, 6 C. Monroe,7 and J. L. O’Brien8 1Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4088, USA 2Physikalisches Institut, Universit¨atStuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70550, Germany 3Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada 4Perimeter Institute, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON, N2L 2Y5, Canada 5Nano Electronics Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Japan 6Frontier Research System, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan 7Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA 8Centre for Quantum Photonics, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK (Dated: June 15, 2009) Quantum mechanics—the theory describing the fundamental workings of nature—is famously counterintuitive: it predicts that a particle can be in two places at the same time, and that two re- mote particles can be inextricably and instantaneously linked. These predictions have been the topic of intense metaphysical debate ever since the theory’s inception early last century. However, supreme predictive power combined with direct experimental observation of some of these unusual phenom- ena leave little doubt as to its fundamental correctness. In fact, without quantum mechanics we could not explain the workings of a laser, nor indeed how a fridge magnet operates.
    [Show full text]
  • IQC Newbit, Issue 24, Fall 2014
    N A NEWSLETTER FROM THE INSTITUTE FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO COMPUTING, QUANTUM FOR FROM THE INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER ISSUE 24 | FALL 2014 EWBIT Going the DISTANCE THOMAS JENNEWEIN AND HIS TEAM SHOOT FOR THE STARS 03 IQC RECEIVES RENEWED FUNDING 06 SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS 09 IQC OUTREACH CANADA | NEWBIT | ISSUE 23 | FALL 2014 | INSTITUTE FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, ONTAR UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, COMPUTING, QUANTUM FOR | INSTITUTE 2014 23 | FALL | NEWBIT ISSUE CANADA NEWBIT INSTITUTE FOR QUANT UM COMPUTING, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, ONTARIO, CANADA | NEWBIT | ISSUE 2 ISSUE | NEWBIT | CANADA ONTARIO, WATERLOO, OF UNIVERSITY COMPUTING, UM QUANT INSTITUTE FOR 2014 | INSTITUTE FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO, ONTARIO, CANADA | NEWBIT | ISSUE 2 ISSUE | NEWBIT | CANADA ONTARIO, WATERLOO, OF UNIVERSITY COMPUTING, QUANTUM FOR INSTITUTE 2014 | | ISSUE 2 4 | FALL 2014 IN this issue GOING THE DISTANCE FROM THE EDITOR WITH THOMAS JENNEWEIN We received good news again on the funding front over pg 04 the spring term – we were awarded $25M by the provincial government. (See the story Renewed investments in world What is that mysterious green glow coming from Thomas Jennewein’s lab? We find out. leading technology research on the next page.) With this funding we can continue to publish groundbreaking WEIRD MAGIC research and offer outreach and education opportunities pg 06 to a variety of audiences. IQC researchers confirm a magic Many of those outreach and education programs ran this ingredient for quantum computing. summer. We continue to attract the best and brightest undergraduate students to the Undergraduate School on MEET ZAK WEBB pg 12 Experimental Quantum Information Processing (USEQIP) and high school students to the Quantum Cryptography Student researches quantum School for Young Students (QCSYS) each year.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1206.4949V2 [Quant-Ph] 5 Oct 2012 Fundamental Quantum Optics Experiments Conceivable with Satellites 2 Contents
    Fundamental quantum optics experiments conceivable with satellites | reaching relativistic distances and velocities David Rideout1;2;3 ∗, Thomas Jennewein2;4 y, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia5, Tommaso F Demarie6, Brendon L Higgins2;4, Achim Kempf 2;3;7, Adrian Kent3;8, Raymond Laflamme2;3;4, Xian Ma2;4, Robert B Mann2;4, Eduardo Mart´ın-Mart´ınez2;4, Nicolas C Menicucci3;9, John Moffat3, Christoph Simon10, Rafael Sorkin3, Lee Smolin3, Daniel R Terno6 1 current address: Department of Mathematics, University of California / San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ∗ E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute for Quantum Computing, Waterloo, ON, Canada y E-mail: [email protected] 3 Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON, Canada 4 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada 5 Departimento di Fisica, Universit`adi Roma \La Sapienza", Rome, Italy 6 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia 7 Department of Applied Mathematics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada 8 Centre for Quantum Information and Foundations, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. 9 School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia 10 Institute for Quantum Information Science and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Abstract. Physical theories are developed to describe phenomena in particular regimes, and generally are valid only within a limited range of scales. For example, general relativity provides an effective description of the Universe at large length scales, and has been tested from the cosmic scale down to distances as small as 10 meters [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Tackling Loopholes in Experimental Tests of Bell's Inequality
    Tackling Loopholes in Experimental Tests of Bell's Inequality David I. Kaiser Program in Science, Technology, and Society and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA∗ (Dated: November 18, 2020) Bell's inequality sets a strict threshold for how strongly correlated the outcomes of measurements on two or more particles can be, if the outcomes of each measurement are independent of actions undertaken at arbitrarily distant locations. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, predicts that measurements on particles in entangled states can be more strongly correlated than Bell's inequality would allow. Whereas experimental tests conducted over the past half-century have consistently measured violations of Bell's inequality|consistent with the predictions of quantum mechanics|the experiments have been subject to one or more \loopholes," by means of which certain alternatives to quantum theory could remain consistent with the experimental results. This chapter reviews three of the most significant loopholes, often dubbed the \locality," \fair-sampling," and \freedom-of-choice" loopholes, and describes how recent experiments have addressed them. Forthcoming in the Oxford Handbook of the History of Interpretations of Quantum Physics, ed. Olival Freire, Jr. (Oxford University Press, 2021). I. INTRODUCTION Bell's inequality [1, 2] remains a hallmark achievement of modern physics, and a touchstone for efforts to distinguish between quantum mechanics and various alternatives. In particular, Bell's arXiv:2011.09296v1 [quant-ph] 18 Nov 2020 inequality sets a strict threshold for how strongly correlated the outcomes of measurements on two or more particles can be, if the underlying theory of nature that describes those particles' behavior satisfies certain criteria, often labeled \local realism" and associated with the famous paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen [3].
    [Show full text]