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Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology And FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING State Institution the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN №4 (33) October - December 2005 Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations St. Petersburg 2006 FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING State Institution the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN №4 (33) October - December 2005 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations Edited by V.V. Lukin St. Petersburg 2006 Authors and contributors Editor-in-Chief M.O. Krichak (Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE) Department), Section 1 M.O. Krichak (RAE), Section 2 Ye.I. Aleksandrov (Department of Meteorology), Section 3 L.Yu. Ryzhakov (Department of Long-Range Weather Forecasting), Section 4 A.I. Korotkov (Department of Ice Regime and Forecasting), Section 5 Ye.Ye. Sibir (Department of Meteorology), Section 6 I.P. Yeditkina, I.V. Moskvin, V.A. Gizler (Department of Geophysics), Section 7 V.L. Martyanov (RAE). Translated by I.I. Solovieva http://south.aari.nw.ru, Antarctic Research and Russian Antarctic Expedition, Documents, Quarterly Bulletin. Acknowledgements: Russian Antarctic Expedition is grateful to all AARI staff for participation and help in preparing this Bulletin. For more information about the contents of this publication, please, contact Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet Russian Antarctic Expedition Bering St., 38, St. Petersburg 199397 Russia Phone: (812) 352 15 41 Fax: (812) 352 28 27 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS PREFACE……………………….…………………………………….…………………………..1 1. DATA OF AEROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS…………………………………….………………………….3 2. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2005…………24 3. REVIEW OF THE ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES ABOVE THE ANTARCTIC IN OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2005……………………..……………………………...33 4. BRIEF REVIEW OF ICE PROCESSES IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN BASED ON SHIPBORN, SATELLITE AND COASTAL OBSERVATION DATA AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS IN 2005……………………….………………..36 5. TOTAL OZONE MEASUREMENTS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS IN 2005…………………………………..........................................................................42 6. GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS IN OCTOBER – DECEMBER 2005…………..….…………………………………….45 7. MAIN RAE EVENTS IN THE FOURTH QUARTER OF 2005……..………………..53 1 PREFACE The Bulletin is prepared on the basis of data reported from the Russian Antarctic stations in real time via the communication channels. The Bulletin is published since 1998 on a quarterly basis. Section I in this issue presents monthly averages and extreme data of standard meteorological and solar radiation observations and upper-air sounding for the fourth quarter of 2005. Standard meteorological observations are being carried out at present at Mirny, Novolazarevskaya, Bellingshausen, Progress and Vostok stations. The upper-air sounding is undertaken once a day at 00.00 universally coordinated time (UT) at two stations - Mirny Observatory and Novolazarevskaya station. More frequent sounding is conducted during the periods of the International Geophysical Interval in accordance with the International Geophysical Calendar in 2005 – from 7 to 20 February, 2 to 15 May, 8 to 21 August and 7 to 20 November at 00 h and 12 h UT. In the meteorological tables, the atmospheric pressure values for the coastal stations are referenced to the sea level. The atmospheric pressure at Vostok station is not reduced to the sea level and is presented at the meteorological site level. Along with the monthly averages of meteorological parameters, the tables in Section 1 present their deviations from multiyear averages (anomalies) and deviations in σf fractions (normalized anomalies (f-favg)/ σf). For the monthly totals of precipitation and total radiation, the relative anomalies (f/favg) are also presented. For Progress station, the anomalies are not calculated due to a short observations series. The statistical characteristics necessary for the calculation of anomalies were derived at the AARI Department of Meteorology for the period 1961-1990 as recommended by the World Meteorological Organization. The Bulletin contains brief overviews with an assessment of the state of the Antarctic environment based on the actual data for the quarter under consideration. The reviews for the 4th quarter also contain the corresponding estimates for the entire year. Sections 2 and 3 are devoted to the meteorological and synoptic conditions. The review of synoptic conditions (section 3) is based on the analysis of current aero-synoptic information, which is performed by the RAE weather forecaster at Novolazarevskaya station and on more complete data of the Southern Hemisphere reported to the AARI. The analysis of ice conditions in the Southern Ocean (Section 4) is based on satellite data received at Bellingshausen, Novolazarevskaya and Mirny stations and on the observations conducted at the coastal Bellingshausen and Mirny stations. The anomalous character of ice conditions is evaluated against the multiyear averages of the drifting ice edge location and the mean multiyear dates of the onset of different ice phases in the coastal areas of the Southern Ocean adjoining the Antarctic stations. The multiyear averages were obtained at the AARI Department of Ice Regime and Forecasting over the period 1971-1995. Section 5 presents an overview of total ozone on the basis of measurements at the Russian stations. Data of geophysical observations published in Section 6 present the results of measurements under the geomagnetic and ionospheric programs. The geophysical information also includes the magnetic activity index (PC-index) the calculation of which is made from data of geomagnetic observations at Vostok station. The last Section (7) is traditionally devoted to the main directions of the logistics activity of RAE during the period under consideration. 2 RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS IN OPERATION IN OCTOBER - DECEMBER 2005 MIRNY OBSERVATORY STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89592 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 39.9 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 66°33′ S; λ = 93°01′ E GEOMAGNETIC COORDINATES Φ = -76.8°; ∆ = 151.1° BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY December 7 – January 5 BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT No NOVOLAZAREVSKAYA STATION STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89512 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 119 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 70°46′ S; λ = 11°50′ E BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY November 15 - January 28 BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT May 21 - July 23 BELLINGSHAUSEN STATION STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89050 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 15.4 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 62°12′ S; λ = 58°56′ W BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY No BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT No PROGRESS STATION STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89574 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 14.6 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 69°23′ S; λ = 76°23′ E BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY November 21 – January 22 BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT May 28– July 16 VOSTOK STATION STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89606 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 3488 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 78°27′ S; λ = 106°52′ E GEOMAGNETIC COORDINATES Φ = -89.3°; ∆ = 139.5° BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY October 21 - February 21 BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT April 23 - August 21 3 1. DATA OF AEROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS OCTOBER 2005 MIRNY OBSERVATORY Table 1.1 Monthly averages of meteorological parameters (f) and their deviations from the multiyear averages (favg) Mirny, October 2005 Normalized Anomaly Relative anomaly Parameter f fmax fmin anomaly f-favg f/favg (f-favg)/σf Sea level air pressure, hPa 981,2 1002,7 948,1 -0,6 -0,1 Air temperature, °C -12,9 -2,3 -28,4 0,5 0,2 Relative humidity, % 76 7,0 1,2 Total cloudiness (sky coverage), tenths 4,9 -1,9 -1,9 Lower cloudiness(sky coverage),tenths 2,0 -0,5 -0,4 Precipitation, mm 29,2 -14,3 -0,4 0,7 Wind speed, m/s 11,3 26,0 0,7 0,4 Prevailing wind direction, deg 112 Total radiation, MJ/m2 532,8 22,8 0,7 1,0 Total ozone content (TO), DU 285 357 138 4 Table 1.2 Results of aerological atmospheric sounding (from CLIMAT-TEMP messages) Mirny, October 2005 Number of Isobaric Resultant Number of Isobaric Dew point Resultant Wind days surface Temperature, wind days surface, deficit, wind speed, stability without height, T °C direction, without P hPa D °C m/s parameter,% temperature H m deg wind data data 975 53 -15,2 3,0 925 454 -13,6 6,3 89 10 93 1 1 850 1093 -16,4 6,7 90 7 69 1 1 700 2539 -21,3 8,8 124 1 15 1 1 500 4951 -35,4 7,7 252 4 39 1 1 400 6475 -44,8 6,9 253 8 48 1 1 300 8347 -56,2 6,1 259 11 58 1 1 200 10880 -61,2 6,3 271 17 86 1 1 150 12665 -61,2 6,7 274 22 90 1 1 100 15160 -60,5 7,1 282 31 91 2 2 70 17401 -55,3 7,6 286 40 92 4 5 50 19557 -49,1 8,6 285 49 94 8 8 30 23057 -38,4 11,0 290 58 95 11 9 20 25999 -30,1 14,4 292 55 94 17 9 Table 1.3 Anomalies of standard isobaric surface height and temperature Mirny, October 2005 P hPa Н-Нavg, m (Н-Havg)/σН Т-Тavg, °С (Т-Тavg)/σТ 850 -1 0,0 0,8 0,5 700 2 0,1 1,1 0,9 500 7 0,2 1,1 0,8 400 19 0,4 1,8 1,2 300 35 0,6 2,0 1,2 200 64 0,9 3,3 1,5 150 88 1,1 2,6 0,8 100 82 0,7 0,2 0,0 70 85 0,5 1,0 0,2 50 77 0,4 2,7 0,4 30 213 0,7 6,4 1,0 20 350 0,9 8,8 1,4 5 NOVOLAZAREVSKAYA STATION Table 1.4 Monthly averages of meteorological parameters (f) and their deviations from the multiyear averages (favg) Novolazarevskaya, October 2005 Normalized
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