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Lebendfärbung Und Habitat Von Australoheros Tavaresi (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Felipe P

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Lebendfärbung Und Habitat Von Australoheros Tavaresi (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Felipe P Lebendfärbung und Habitat von Australoheros tavaresi (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Felipe P. Ottoni, Pedro H.N. de Bragança und Ingo Schindler Einleitung Das Verbreitungsgebiet Salesópolis, Bundesstaat São Paulo, Brasilien (23°31'35'' S 45°45'52'' W; Höhe Australoheros ist erst 2006 durch Říčan & A. tavaresi ist auf das System des oberen ca. 813 Meter über NN); gesammelt von F. Kullander beschrieben worden. Die Arten Rio Tietê (ein linksseitiger Zufluss des Rio Ottoni und P. Bragança, 8. Januar 2014. dieser Buntbarschgattung sind im süd- Paraná) begrenzt. Der obere Rio Tietê ist östlichen Südamerika verbreitet (ŘÍČAN & das Haupttrinkwasserreservoir für die Lebendfärbung KULLANDER 2006, ŘÍČAN et al. 2011, HEJNS Mega-City São Paulo, eine der bevöl- 2012, OTTONI & COSTA 2008, OTTONI 2010, kerungsstärksten Städte der Erde. Die Die Beschreibung der Lebendfärbung folgt 2012, 2013a, 2013b). Mit deutlich mehr als Quellgebiete dieses fast 1150 km langen dem von OTTONI & SCHINDLER (2014) ver- 20 Taxa ist sie eine der artenreichsten in- Flusses liegen in der Serra do Mar wendeten Schema (siehe dort für weitere nerhalb der südamerikanischen Cichliden (PONÇANO et al. 1981). Die Region der Hinweise). Körpergrundfärbung gelblich (Unterfamilie Cichlinae). Oberläufe ist durch exzessive Land- bis gelblich-braun; zum Bauch hin dunkler. Australoheros tavaresi wurde bereits 1995 wirtschaft und die ungezügelte Nutzung Körperseiten mit sieben dunklen Balken. in einer Monografie über die Gruppe als der Gewässer durch die Papierindustrie so- Schwanzwurzelfleck rund und deutlich mögliche neue Art erwähnt (AUTRAN wie den damit zunehmenden Rückgang der hervortretend. Metallisch grün oder golden 1995). Erst Jahre später jedoch wurde die Galeriewälder gekennzeichnet. Dies stellt schillernde Flecken auf den Körperseiten, formale Beschreibung vorgelegt (OTTONI, eine ganz erhebliche Bedrohung für die entlang des Körperlängsstreifens deutlich 2012). natürlichen Lebensräume und die dort en- konzentrierter. Intensität der dunklen Quer- In dieser Erstbeschreibung fehlten aller- demischen Fischarten (zu denen auch der balken und die Ausprägung der Körper- dings Angaben zur Lebendfärbung, weil hier behandelte A. tavaresi gehört) dar flecken kann stimmungsabhängig wech- nur konservierte Exemplare zur Verfügung (MARCENIUK et al. 2011). Der Fangplatz seln. Färbung der Kopfseiten ähnlich der standen. der untersuchten Exemplare (siehe Mate- des Körpers; Wangen, Kiemendeckel und Inzwischen sind zahlreiche Arbeiten über rial und Methoden) von A. tavaresi wird Schnauze dunkler. Augen ohne dunkle Australoheros-Arten erschienen, die die ebenfalls kurz beschrieben, um so einen Quer- oder Längszeichnung. Iris variiert je Bedeutung der Lebendfärbung als wichtige kleinen Eindruck der ökologischen nach Lichteinfall von gelb bis gelblich- Quelle für verschiedene diagnostische Ansprüche dieser Art zu geben. braun. Metallisch grünlich oder goldfarben Merkmalausprägungen und damit für die Material und Methoden glänzende Flecken auf Kiemendeckel und Taxonomie der Gattung herausstellen Wangen. Grundfärbung der Rückenflosse (unter anderem OTTONI & COSTA 2008, OT- Die drei untersuchten Exemplare wurden gelb bis gelblich-braun mit metallisch TONI 2010, 2012, 2013a, 2013b, ŘÍČAN et im Instituto de Biologia der Universität grünlich bis blau-grünlich schimmernden al. 2011, OTTONI & SCHINDLER 2014). Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Flecken entlang der Basis. Dunkle Körper- Daher wird hier die Lebendfärbung von Brasilien, hinterlegt: UFRJ 9840, 3, 58,2– querbalken reichen teilweise in die Rück- Australoheros tavaresi beschrieben, um 73,6 mm Standardlänge (SL); Cachoeira da enflossen hinein. Bläulicher Streifen ent- somit eine wichtige Ergänzung zur Erst- Porteira Preta, Rio Paratinga (Zufluss des lang des Rückenflossenrandes. Grundfär- beschreibung zu geben. oberen Rio Tietê, Rio Paraná-Flussystem), bung der Afterflosse gelblich-braun mit 196 DCG - Informationen 45 (9): 196-199 Cachoeira da Porteira Preta (Rio Paratinga). Fundort von Australoheros tavaresi. Foto: Felipe Ottoni. Die Karte darunter zeigt das geografische Verbreitungsgebiet bzw. die bekannten Fundorte. Titelfoto: Australoheros tavaresi: UFRJ 9840, 76.6 mm SL; Rio Paratinga. Foto: Felipe Ottoni. dorsalen Bereich. Bauchflossen ähnlich Systematik und Evolution der Knochen- gefärbt wie der Körper, stets mit metallisch fischen), an der Universität in Rio de grünlich oder blau-grünlich schimmernden Janeiro (UFRJ). In seiner Revision der Flecken am Flossenansatz. Brustflossen “Cichlasoma”facetum-Verwandten erkann- durchsichtig, farblos. te er als Erster, dass es sich bei dem Aus- traloheros des oberen Rio Tietê um eine Fundort neue, noch zu beschreibende Art handelt Die beschriebenen Australoheros tavaresi (AUTRAN 1995). Da er aus persönlichen wurden im Rio Paratinga (einem Klar- Gründen später das Institut verließ, hat er wasserfluss) bei der Cachoeira da Porteira seine Ergebnisse leider nicht den interna- Preta in ruhig fließenden Abschnitten am tionalen Regeln entsprechend verfügbar Rand des Gewässers gesammelt. Sie hiel- gemacht. So wurde die Art erst 2012 durch ten sich zwischen oder nahe der Ufervege- Ottoni nomenklatorisch gültig benannt. tation in Tiefen von etwa 40 bis 140 Diese Spezies wird hier zum ersten Mal Zentimetern auf. Der Bodengrund war Die Lebendfärbung steinig und stellenweise kiesig bis sandig. An diesem Ort konnten auch der Lebenge- vergleichend beschrieben. Die Färbung ist bärende Zahnkärpfling Phalloceros reisi bezüglich der daraus zu ermittelnden di- und ein Salmler aus der Gattung Hyphes- agnostischen Merkmalsausprägungen sehr sobrycon aufgesammelt werden. Der ur- aufschlussreich. Australoheros tavaresi sprüngliche Galeriewald ist am Fangplatz teilt in der Lebendfärbung mit A. barbosae, Blau gefärbten Streifen entlang des äuße- leider bereits großflächig durch Eukalyp- A. mattosi, A. macacuensis, A. montanus, ren Randes und zahlreichen bläulich metal- tusbäume ersetzt. A. paraibae und A. robustus die metallisch lisch schimmernden Flecken hauptsächlich Diskussion glänzenden Flecken auf der Afterflossen- entlang der Flossenbasis. Schwanzflosse basis (vergleiche dazu die Fotos in OTTONI gelblich-braun oder grünlich-braun mit Australoheros tavaresi ist nach Felipe & COSTA 2008, OTTONI 2010, 2012, OTTONI hellblauen Rand und metallisch grünlich Tavares Autran benannt. Er war in den 2013a und OTTONI & SCHINDLER 2014). oder bläulich schimm- ernden Flecken 1990er Jahren Student bei Wilson Costa Diese Merkmalsausprägung kommt inner- nahe der Basis. Rötlich gefärbte Zonen am ‚Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução halb der Gattung nur bei den genannten befinden sich im äußeren ventralen und de Peixes Teleósteos‘ (Laboratorium für Arten vor (allerdings ist die Lebendfärbung DCG - Informationen 45 (9): 196-199 197 zur Artdiskriminierung verwendeten ‚Phy- logenetischen Artkonzept‘ nicht entschei- dend. Für die Eigenständigkeit von A. tavaresi spricht neben den in der Erst- beschreibung (OTTONI 2012) und den hier genannten Merkmalen (beziehungsweise Merkmalsausprägungen) zusätzlich auch der biogeographische Umstand, dass die Art in einer Region vorkommt, die für zahlreiche endemische Fischarten bekannt ist (MARCENIUK et al. 2011). Letztlich stellt jede Artbeschreibung eine wissenschaft- liche Hypothese dar, die sich bewähren muss. Zurzeit gibt es allerdings wenig Grund an der taxonomischen Validität von A. tavaresi zu zweifeln. Für die Unterstützung bei der Erstellung, Danksagung Australoheros tavaresi: UFRJ 9840, 64.0 mm SL; Rio Paratinga; Bundesstaat São Paulo. Foto: Felipe Ottoni. Bearbeitung und/oder für die Zurverfü- gungstellung der Fotos bedanken wir uns bei Axel Katz, Wilson Costa und Cyro de Luna-Dias. Für die Korrektur des deutsch- sprachigen Textes und wertvoller Hinweise gilt unser Dank Rico Morgenstern. Diese Studie wurde durch Mittel an den Erstautor von der DCG, dem CNPq (Conselho Na- cional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Ministério da Ciência e Tec- nologia) und der FAPERJ (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) unterstützt. Abstract The life colouration of Australoheros tavaresi is described. It reveals some new diagnostic character states for the species. Australoheros tavaresi shares with A. bar- bosae, A. mattosi, A. macacuensis, A. mon- Australoheros tavaresi: UFRJ 9840, 58.0 mm SL; Rio Paratinga; Bundesstaat São tanus, A. paraibae and A. robustus a unique Paulo. Foto: Felipe Ottoni. color pattern characterized by the presence of metallic blotches on anal-fin base. noch nicht von allen Arten bekannt). flosse zeigen (wobei die Flossenhaut zwi- This character state distinguishes these Zusätzlich teilt Australoheros tavaresi mit schen den Stacheln kräftiger rot gefärbt ist species from the other congeners (as far as A. barbosae, A. mattosi, A. montanus, A. als die Stacheln selbst). their colouration in life is known). In addi- muriae, A. paraibae und A. robustus ein Wie bei A. barbosae sind auch bei A. tion, Australoheros tavaresi shares with A. weiteres Charakteristikum in der Lebend- tavaresi die metallisch schimmernden barbosae, A. mattosi, A. montanus, A. färbung: Alle besitzen rot oder rötlich ge- Flecke auf den Bauchflossen meist an der muriae, A. paraibae and A. robustus the färbte Zonen im äußeren dorsalen und Basis konzentriert. Im Gegensatz dazu presence of red (or reddish) zones on the ventralen Eck der Schwanzflosse (siehe fehlen diese Flecke bei A. mattosi, A. mon- posterior caudalfin margin. dazu die beigefügten Abbildungen und die tanus, A. muriae und A. robustus
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