INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO Da Ilha Terceira BOLETIM Hktóricoda IM VOL. XLV TOMO I ANGRA DO HEROÍSMO 1988

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INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO Da Ilha Terceira BOLETIM Hktóricoda IM VOL. XLV TOMO I ANGRA DO HEROÍSMO 1988 INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO da Ilha Terceira BOLETIM HKTóRICODA IM VOL. XLV TOMO I ANGRA DO HEROÍSMO 1988 INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO DA ILHA TERCEIRA PATROCINADO E SUBSIDIADO PELA SECRETARIA REGIONAL DA EDUCAÇÃO E CULTURA SEDE Museu de Angra do Heroísmo DIRECÇÃO (1986 - 1987) Presidente — Álvaro Pereira da Silva Leal Monjardino Secretário — José Guilherme Reis Leite Tesoureiro — Francisco dos Reis Maduro Dias TODA A CORRESPONDÊNCIA DEVE SER DIRIGIDA À DIRECÇÃO DO INSTITUTO A publicação de qualquer trabalho não significa concordância do Instituto com as doutrinas, ideias ou conclusões nele contidas, que são sempre da responsabilidade exclusiva do autor. (Art." 17.° do Regulamento do Instituto) BOLETIM DO INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO DA ILHA TERCEIRA INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO DA ILHA TERCEIRA (31 de Dezembro de 1987) SÓCIOS EFECTIVOS: Dr. Álvaro Pereira da Silva Leal Monjardino (Presidente) Prof. Doutor António Manuel Bettencourt Machado Pires Dr. António Maria de Orneias Ourique Mendes Emanuel Félix Borges da Silva Arqt.0 Fernando Sousa Francisco Ernesto de Oliveira Martins Dr. Francisco dos Reis Maduro Dias (Tesoureiro) Governador do Castelo de São João Baptista Dr. Helder Fernando Parreira de Sousa Lima Arqt.0 Luís António Guizado Durão Dr.a D. Mariana dos Prazeres Júlio Miranda Mesquita (Directora da Biblioteca e Arquivo de Angra do Heroísmo) Padre Dr. Jacinto Monteiro da Câmara Pereira João Dias Afonso ftdre João Maria de Sousa Mendes Dr. Jorge Eduardo Abreu Pamplona Forjaz (Director do Museu de Angra do Heroísmo) Dr. José Guilherme Reis Leite (Secretário) Dr. José Leal Armas Dr. José Orlando Noronha da Silveira Bretão Dr. Rafael Valadão dos Santos Dr. Rui Ferreira Ribeiro de Meirelles SÓCIOS HONORÁRIOS: Dr. Agnelo Orneias Rego — Licenciado em Direito Prof. Doutor Artur Teodoro de Matos — Prof. da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Dr. Carlos Renato Gonçalves Pereira — Jurista Prof. Doutor Dante de Laytano — Director do Museu do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Dr.a D. Elsa Brunilde Lemos de Mendonça — Professora Efectiva do Ensino Secundário Prof. Doutor Francis Millet Rogers — Prof. Jubilado da Universidade de Harvard Prof. Doutor Frederic Mauro — Prof. da Universidade de Paris Comendador João Soares de Medeiros — Presidente Honorário da Casa dos Açores do Rio de Janeiro Dr. João Bernardo de Oliveira Rodrigues — Professor Jubilado do Liceu de Ponta Delgada Prof. Doutor Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão — Presidente da Academia Portuguesa de História Prof. Doutor Joel Serrão — Prof. da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Sua Ex.a Rev.ma o Sr. D. José Pedro da Silva — Bispo de Viseu Prof. Doutor José Enes Pereira Cardoso — Prof. da Universidade dos Açores Dr. Manuel Coelho Baptista de Lima — Presidente Honorário do I.H.l.T. Dr.a D. Maria Olímpia da Rocha Gil — Professora Efectiva do Ensino Secundário Prof. Doutor Walter F. Piazza — Prof. da Universidade de Santa Catarina, no Brasil Prof. Doutor Wilhelm Giese — Prof. da Universidade de Hamburgo INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO DA ILHA TERCEWA BOLETIM VOL. XLV TOMO I ANGRA DO HEROÍSMO, 1988 OS AÇORES E AS DINÂMICAS DO ATLÂNTICO DO DESCOBRIMENTO À D GUERRA MUNDIAL Actas do n Colóquio Internacional, realizado em Angra do Heroísmo, de 28 de Julho a 2 de Agosto de 1987 ANGRA DO HEROÍSMO 19 8 8 COMISSÃO ORGANIZADORA Prof. Doutor JOSÉ ENES Professor Catedrático da Universidade dos Açores Dr. ÁLVARO MONJARDINO Advogado Dr. FRANCISCO DOS REIS MADURO-DIAS Téc. Sup. de 1." classe do Museu de Angra do Heroísmo Dr. JORGE EDUARDO ABREU PAMPLONA FORJAZ Director do Museu de Angra do Heroísmo Dr. JOSÉ GUILHERME REIS LEITE Professor do Ensino Secundário Dr. RUI FERREIRA RIBEIRO DE MEIRELES Professor do Ensino Secundário Palavras do Presidente do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira NA SESSÃO DE ABERTURA DO COLÓQUIO O Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira organizou, para este ano, o II Colóquio Internacional da série «Os Açores e o Atlântico», à qual dera início em 1983. No I Colóquio — inserido nas manifestações várias que acompanha- ram, em Portugal, a XVII Exposição Internacional de Arte, Ciência e Cultura do Conselho da Europa —, os trabalhos apresentados, deba- tidos e há muito publicados incidiram sobre os séculos XIV a XVII, e relacionaram-se, à semelhança da Exposição, com os Descobrimentos Portugueses e a Europa do Renascimento, nas suas inevitáveis incidên- cias insulares. O II Colóquio, que agora iniciamos, subordina-se a uma temática mais ampla: «Os Açores e as Dinâmicas do Atlântico — dos Descobri- mentos à II Guerra Mundial». Cumprindo uma das moções aprovadas em 1983, nele participam ele- mentos dos Açores, da Madeira, das Canárias e de Cabo Verde, pela primeira vez reunindo a Macaronésia Atlântica numa reflexão comum sobre a sua História. Na lógica do que deve ser a exigência científica para uma reunião destas, nele tomam parte nomes consagrados do pensamento, da inves- tigação e da reflexão histórica. 8 BOLETIM DO INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO E, na decorrência da própria temática, aberta a todos os horizontes, aqui juntamos participantes de língua portuguesa, e ainda de língua espanhola, jrancesa, inglesa e italiana. Na verdade, de 1983 para cá, alguma coisa mudou. Em Portugal, está constituída e a trabalhar a Comissão que, até ao ano 2000, vai comemorar o 5.° Centenário dos Descobrimentos Portu- gueses. E justamente em jins desse ano de 1983 a cidade de Angra, no seu núcleo histórico, era incluída pela UNESCO na Lista do Património Mundial, aliás culminando um processo que este Instituto Histórico ini- ciara dois anos antes, e que acompanhou até ao seu termo. Esta consagração, que reconheceu a cidade marítima, portuguesa e transatlântica, como um marco da Herança Cultural da Humanidade, também abriu o passo para a temática do Colóquio que hoje aqui ini- ciamos. Há bem pouco vítima de uma «dinâmica geológica» que quase a des- truiu, Angra renasceu das suas ruínas segundo um programa quase completado, e em que as considerações histórico-culturais foram predo- minantes, e mesmo decisivas. E hoje ela pode já dar-nos o cenário, tranquilo mas adequado e simbólico, para mais uma reflexão sobre estes cinco séculos de História do Atlântico, e sobre as forças e correntes humanas — económicas, políticas, militares, ideológicas — que o têm percorrido em sentidos vários ao longo deste tempo, na construção de novos mundos, tanto a Oriente como a Ocidente. Dessas forças, muitas deixaram aqui suas marcas — monumentos e cicatrizes, recordações e ideias vivas, valores sociais e até opções de comportamento — marcas que tomam esta cidade um dos lugares ideais, e mesmo únicos, como encmzilhada histórica, para encontros, traba- lhos e organizações que tenham a ver com este grande oceano, caminho dos homens e cenário de dramas, rotinas, sofrimentos e até epopeias, a partir de cujas margens se construiu o mundo moderno. Aquelas forças e correntes são as Dinâmicas do Atlântico sobre as quais iremos reflectir, com o espírito aberto ao privilégio que é sempre o encontrarem-se as pessoas a fim de partilharem entre si as ideias e os próprios métodos de pensar. Por tudo isso, as primeiras palavras do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira são de congratulação, de boas-vindas e de agradecimento. DA ILHA TERCEIRA 9 Congratulação, pelo simples — embora algo trabalhoso — facto de aqui todos nos encontrarmos, e pelo espírito com que o fazemos. Boas vindas a quantos de mais ou menos longe vieram, trazendo-nos generosamente o fruto do seu labor intelectual. Agradecimento a todos aqueles que tomaram possível esta realiza- ção, pelo trabalho e pelo suporte material que de maneira nenhuma lhe foi regateado. Palavras do Presidente do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira NA SESSÃO DE ENCERRAMENTO DO COLÓQUIO A presença de V. Ex.a na sessão de encerramento do II Colóquio da Série «Os Açores e o Atlântico», promovido pelo Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira, não pode deixar de ser assinalada, saudada e agra- decida. Ao longo desta semana, participantes de cinco línguas — e incluindo elementos de quatro arquipélagos — estiveram aqui reunidos, trocando frutuosamente ideias e opiniões sobre os Açores e as dinâmicas do Atlântico. De novo a História deste Arquipélago foi passada em revista e se relevaram (muitas vezes, como se pretendia, a nova luz) as suas horas de glória, de sacrifício, de decadência ou de rotina: desde os momentos, que os houve, em que aqui se talharam destinos do mundo moderno ou novas estruturas políticas para Portugal, até àqueles em que, atenuada conjunturalmente a importância estratégica, surgiram as crises económicas e sociais, com a sua fatal componente emigratória. Reflectimos desapaixonadamente sobre os Açores como realidade atlân- tica e como realidade portuguesa, desde o seu descobrimento e ocupa- ção, até aos valores que o seu povo partilha. E fizemo-lo no cenário próprio, que é esta cidade de Angra, património cultural da Humani- dade, concebida por navegadores, coroada de fortalezas, castigada por guerras e desastres naturais, recuperada pelos seus filhos, e ainda hoje, na bonomia de um viver algo descuidado, sentinela de Portugal — um pouco como aqueles homens que, no Verão de 1641, tentados pela 12 BOLETIM DO INSTITUTO HISTÓRICO festa na sua rua, ainda assim guarneciam as trincheiras à volta do Castelo cercado de São Filipe, donde o levaram à rendição —. A presença de V. Ex.a traz a este Colóquio uma projecção nacional; a esta cidade, o reconhecimento do que ela deve significar no pano- rama cultural português; a esta Região, o reafirmar-se de uma defini- ção portuguesa, que o nosso país teve de fazer, mas que também trouxe à Europa, acrescentando-lhe uma dimensão marítima e mais aberta sobre outros continentes. Por isso a assinalamos, saudamos e agradecemos. Discurso de Sua Excelência o Presidente da República NA SESSÃO DE ENCERRAMENTO DO COLÓQUIO A minha presença na sessão de encerramento do II Colóquio Interna- cional «Os Açores e o Atlântico», organizado pelo Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira — e que contou com tão ilustres e destacados partici- pantes —, significa, antes de mais, o grande interesse do Presidente da República por tudo o que toca à Região Autónoma dos Açores e ainda a sua perfeita compreensão da importância nacional e regional da temática tratada neste II Colóquio.
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