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Reflections on the REST Architectural Style and “Principled Design of the Modern Web Architecture”

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Reflections on the REST Architectural Style and “Principled Design of the Modern Web Architecture” Reflections on the REST Architectural Style and “Principled Design of the Modern Web Architecture” Roy T. Fielding Adobe Richard N. Taylor University of California, Irvine Justin R. Erenkrantz Bloomberg Michael M. Gorlick University of California, Irvine Jim Whitehead University of California, Santa Cruz Rohit Khare Google Peyman Oreizy Dynamic Variable LLC Outline 1. The Story of REST § Early history of the Web § What REST is (and is not) § Contemporary influences 2. Work inspired by REST § Decentralization § Generalization § Secure computation 3. Reflections on REST § Investing in entrepreneurial students § Role of Software Engineering research ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 2 Original proposal for the World Wide Web IBM Computer GroupTalk conferencing Hyper for example Card uucp News ENQUIRE VAX/ NOTES Hierarchical systems for example for example unifies A Proposal Linked "Mesh" CERNDOC information describes describes includes includes C.E.R.N This describes document division "Hypertext" refers group group includes describes to wrote section Hypermedia etc Tim Comms Berners-Lee ACM [Berners-Lee, 1989] ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 3 The Web is an application integration system IBM Computer GroupTalk conferencing Hyper for example Card uucp News ENQUIRE VAX/ NOTES Hierarchical systems for example for example unifies A Proposal Linked "Mesh" CERNDOC information describes [Berners-Lee, 1989] ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 4 describes includes includes C.E.R.N This describes document division "Hypertext" refers group group includes describes to wrote section Hypermedia etc Tim Comms Berners-Lee ACM A bit of context 23,517 Aug 2017: 1,800,566,882 (76,564x) 10,022 2,738 623 130 Jun 93 Dec 93 Jun 94 Dec 94 Jun 95 Public WWW servers [Matthew Gray] ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 5 A bit of context 23,517 Aug 2017: 1,800,566,882 (76,564x) Using the Web HTTP editor Relative URLs wwwstat 10,022 SJ IETF Conditional GET 2nd WWW 2,738 1st WWW HTTP Object Model 623 130 Jun 93 Dec 93 Jun 94 Dec 94 Jun 95 Public WWW servers [Matthew Gray] ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 5 Three (very different) perspectives of the Web http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/ next table of contents elements attributes index Network Working Group R. Fielding Request for Comments: 2068 UC Irvine Category: Standards Track J. Gettys J. C. Mogul DEC H. Frystyk T. Berners-Lee HTML 4.01 Specification MIT/LCS January 1997 W3C Recommendation 24 December 1999 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224 (plain text [794Kb], gzip'ed tar archive of HTML files [371Kb], a .zip archive of HTML files [405Kb], gzip'ed Postscript file [746Kb, 389 pages], gzip'ed PDF file [963Kb]) Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 Latest version of HTML 4.01: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401 Latest version of HTML 4: Status of this Memo http://www.w3.org/TR/html4 file://localhost/Users/fielding/ws/labs-webarch/uri/rfc/rfc3986.html This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests Latest version of HTML: discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official http://www.w3.org/TR/html Previous version of HTML 4.01: Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this Network Working Group T. Berners-Lee http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824 memo is unlimited. Previous HTML 4 Recommendation: Request for Comments: 3986 W3C/MIT http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424 Obsoletes: 2732, 2396, 1808 R. Fielding Editors: STD: 66 AbstractDay Software Dave Raggett <[email protected]> Updates: 1738 The Hypertext TranLs.f eMr aPsrionttoecro l (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, Arnaud Le Hors, W3C Category: Standards Track Adobe Systems Ian Jacobs, W3C hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, object-oriented protocol which can be used for many tasks, such Jaasn nuaamrye 2se0r0v5e rs and distributed object management systems, through extension of its Copyright ©1997-1999 W3C® (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark, document use request methods. A feature of HTTP is the typing and negotiation of data representation, allowing systems and software licensing rules apply. to be built independently of the data being transferred. Uniform Resource IdentHifTiTeP rha s( bUeenR inI u)se: b y the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This specification Abstract Generic Syntadxefines the protocol referred to as “HTTP/1.1”. This specification defines the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the publishing language of the World Wide Web. This specification defines HTML 4.01, which is a sSubtvaertsuions o of HfT tMhL i4s. I nM adedmitioon to the text, multimedia, and hyperlink features of the previous versions of HTML (HTML 3.2 [HTML32] and HTML 2.0 [RFC1866]), HTML 4 supports more multimedia options, Thisscrip tdocumenting langua gspecifieses, style an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, sheets, better printing facilities, and documents that are more accessiblea tnod u rseeqrsu ewsiths ddiissacbuislistiieosn. and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current HTML 4 also takes great strides towards the internationalization of documedenittiso,n w oitfh tthe g“Ionatl eorfn meta kOinffgicial Protocol Standards” (STD 1) for the standardization state the Web truly World Wide. and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to International StandardC ISoOp 8y87r9i g-- hSta nNdaordtice Generalized Markup Language [ISO8879]. Copyright © The Internet Society (2005). All Rights Reserved. Status of this document Abstract This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may Information supersede this document. The latest status of this document series is mAai nUtaniinfoerdm a tR theeso Wur3cCe. Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. This specification defines the generic URI syntax and a process for resolving URI references that might be in relative form, along with guidelines and security considerations for the use of URIs on the Internet. The URI syntax defines a grammar that is a superset of all valid URIs, allowing an implementation to parse the common components of a URI reference without knowing the scheme-specific requirements of every p4/o2s/0s8ib 1le2 :i0d9e AntMifier. This specification does not define a generative grammar for URIs; that task is performed by the individual specifications of each URI scheme. Fielding, et al Standards Track [Page 1] Browsers Protocols 4/2/08 12:16 AM ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 6 Web Implementation (user view) ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 7 Web Implementation (origin view) Intermediary Proxy Cache User Agents Webservers/Gateways Application Servers Accelerator Cache Dynamic Content Centralized Data RDBMS, NFS, SAN ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 8 Web Architecture Architecture is a vertical abstraction on implementation User Agents $ $ $ Proxies Gateways Origin Servers $ $ $ $ $ ESEC/FSE’17, September 8, 2017, Paderborn, Germany 9 Web Architecture Web protocols defne that vertical abstraction on implementation http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/ next table of contents elements attributes index Network Working Group R. Fielding Request for Comments: 2068 UC Irvine Category: Standards Track J. Gettys J. C. Mogul DEC H. Frystyk T. Berners-Lee HTML 4.01 Specification MIT/LCS January 1997 W3C Recommendation 24 December 1999 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224 (plain text [794Kb], gzip'ed tar archive of HTML files [371Kb], a .zip archive of HTML files [405Kb], gzip'ed Postscript file [746Kb, 389 pages], gzip'ed PDF file [963Kb]) Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 Latest version of HTML 4.01: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401 Latest version of HTML 4: Status of this Memo http://www.w3.org/TR/html4 file://localhost/Users/fielding/ws/labs-webarch/uri/rfc/rfc3986.html This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests Latest version of HTML: discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official http://www.w3.org/TR/html Previous version of HTML 4.01: Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this Network Working Group T. Berners-Lee http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-html40-19990824 memo is unlimited. Previous HTML 4 Recommendation: Request for Comments: 3986 W3C/MIT http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-html40-19980424 Obsoletes: 2732, 2396, 1808 R. Fielding Editors: STD: 66 AbstractDay Software Dave Raggett <[email protected]> Updates: 1738 The Hypertext TranLs.f eMr aPsrionttoecro l (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, Arnaud Le Hors, W3C Category: Standards Track Adobe Systems Ian Jacobs, W3C hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, object-oriented protocol which can be used for many tasks, such Jaasn nuaamrye 2se0r0v5e rs and distributed object management systems, through extension of its Copyright ©1997-1999 W3C® (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark, document use request methods. A feature of HTTP is the typing and negotiation
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