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1 Basic Concepts in Medication Administration 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page i Pharmacology Success A Course Review Applying Critical Thinking to Test Taking 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page ii 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page iii Pharmacology Success A Course Review Applying Critical Thinking to Test Taking Ray A. Hargrove-Huttel RN, PhD Trinity Valley Community College Kaufman, Texas Kathryn Cadenhead Colgrove RN, MS, CNS, OCN Trinity Valley Community College Kaufman, Texas 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page iv F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2008 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2008 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher, Nursing: Robert G. Martone Director of Content Development: Darlene D. Pedersen Project Editor: Padraic J. Maroney Art and Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accor- dance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of spe- cific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.10 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 8036-1821-2/08 0 ϩ $.10. 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page v Contributors Leslie Prater, RN, MS, CNS, CDE Clinical Diabetes Educator Associate Degree Nursing Instructor Trinity Valley Community College Kaufman, Texas Helen Reid, RN, PhD Dean, Health Occupations Trinity Valley Community College Kaufman, Texas v 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page vi 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page vii Reviewers Sue Bond, RN, BSN, MSN Interim Advanced Project Coordinator, Nursing Instructor Prima Community College Center for Training and Development Practical Nurse Program Tucson, Arizona M. Joyce Dienger, DNSc, RN Assistant Professor University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio Pamela Fifer, MS, RN Nursing Faculty Chemeketa Community College Salem, Oregon Lois Griffin, MSN, FNP Instructor Shelton State Community College Tuscaloosa, Alabama Lori A. Hart, MS, APRN Assistant Professor Weber State University Sitka, Arkansas Carol Masker Senior Analyst Hoffman-La Roche Labs Nutley, New Jersey Maureen McDonald, MS, RN Professor Massasoit Community College Brockton, Massachusetts Karen Mitchell, RN, MSN Course Coordinator, Clinical Instructor The Christ Hospital School of Nursing, The Christ College of Nursing and Health Sciences Cincinnati, Ohio Janice Palese, BS, MS, PhD, RN Professor John A. Logan College Carterville, Illinois Elizabeth A. Palmer, PhD, MS, BS Associate Professor Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana, Pennsylvania vii 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page viii 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page ix Acknowledgments The authors are dedicating this book to the Trinity Valley Community College Associate Degree nursing students, faculty, and staff. Without the support and encouragement of the faculty and staff this book would not be possible. The nursing students’ enquiring minds and thirst for knowledge challenge us daily to continue our own learning. We would like to thank Rob Martone for giving us the opportunity for our second book in the series and our appreciation goes to Barbara Tchabovsky for her editorial assistance. Our sincere thanks go to Glada Norris for sharing her incredible computer skills in the process of preparing the book for the publisher. I would like to dedicate this book to Ruth, Ann, and Jan, Sue and Marvin and all the members of my family who have been by my side throughout the years. Always in my heart is the memory of my husband, Bill, and my parents, T/Sgt. Leo and Nancy Hargrove, who are the rocks on which my life is built. I also thank and acknowledge my sisters, Gail and Debbie, my nephew Benjamin, and Paula for their support and encouragement. My chil- dren, Teresa and Aaron, continue to amaze me as they enter their adulthood and remain the most important people in my life. Congratulations Aaron on your graduation. RAY ANN HARGROVE-HUTTEL I would like to thank my extended family for the love and support they showed to a small child and have never ceased to be there for me; Evelyn and Joe Young, Carolyn Wood, Charles Wood, George Rogers, Evelyn Davis, Roger Cadenhead, Jodi Greenbaum, and Stacy Shudak. I would like to dedicate this book to my husband, Larry, daughter Laurie and son-in-law Todd, and son Larry Jr. and daughter-in-law Mai, and grandchildren Chris, Ashley, Justin C., Justin A., Connor, and Sawyer without their support and patience the book would not have been possible. KATHRYN COLGROVE ix 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page x 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page xi Table of Contents 1 Basic Concepts in Medication Administration . 1 2 Neurological System . 7 PRACTICE QUESTIONS . 7 A Client with Head Injury . 7 A Client with Seizures . 8 A Client with Cerebrovascular Accident . 10 A Client with Brain Tumor . 11 A Client with Parkinson’s Disease . 12 A Client Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease . 14 A Client with a Migraine Headache . 15 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES . 17 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION . 29 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES . 32 3 Cardiovascular System . 37 PRACTICE QUESTIONS . 37 A Client with Angina/Myocardial Infarction . 37 A Client with Coronary Artery Disease . 39 A Client with Congestive Heart Failure . 41 A Client with Dysrhythmias and Conduction Problems . 42 A Client with Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders . 45 A Client with Arterial Occlusive Disease . 46 A Client with Arterial Hypertension . 47 A Client with Deep Vein Thrombosis . 49 A Client with Anemia . 51 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES . 53 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION . 69 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES . 72 4 Pulmonary System . 77 PRACTICE QUESTIONS . 77 A Client with Upper Respiratory Infection . 77 A Client with Lower Respiratory Infection . 78 A Client with Reactive Airway Disease . 79 A Child with Reactive Airway Disease . 81 A Client with Pulmonary Embolus . 82 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES . 85 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION . 94 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES . 97 5 Gastrointestinal System . 101 PRACTICE QUESTIONS . 101 A Client with Gastroesophageal Reflux . 101 A Client with Inflammatory Bowel Disease . 102 A Client with Peptic Ulcer Disease . 104 xi 00Hargrave(F)-FM 11/11/07 3:15 PM Page xii xii TABLE OF CONTENTS An Elderly Client with Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis . 105 A Client with Liver Failure . 106 A Client with Hepatitis . 108 A Child with Gastroenteritides . 109 A Client Who Is Obese . 110 A Client Experiencing Constipation or Diarrhea . 112 A Client Undergoing Abdominal Surgery with General Anesthesia . 113 PRACTICE QUESTIONS ANSWERS AND RATIONALES . 115 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION . 133 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ANSWERS AND RATIONALES . 137 6 Endocrine System . 141 PRACTICE QUESTIONS . 141 A Client with Type 1 Diabetes . 141 A Client with Type 2 Diabetes . ..
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