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Project: Terrestrial Biodiversity Study for Rampur Hydro-electric Project Sheet: I of 15 Document: 20060051 EC / Executive Summary Date: August 2006 Final Report Revision: RO ICS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION Public Disclosure Authorized w Himachal Pradesh is a mountainous state in northern India known for its natural beauty, rich culture and religious heritage. The state has a population of six million and covers 55,673 sq. km, ranging from foothills (Shivaliks), the Mid- hills, the High- Hills, and the Cold Dry Zone of upper Himalayas. The state is a rich repository of biodiversity, and forms the Catchment of several major northern Indian rivers. The rich biodiversity of Himachal Pradesh is reflected through the State Emblems of Pride such as State Tree Cedrus deodara (Deodar), State Flower Rhododendron arboreum (Brans), State Animal Moschus moschiferus (Musk deer) State Bird Lophophorus impejanus (Monal) Public Disclosure Authorized 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited (SJVNL) has been assigned to construct 412 MW Rampur Hydro Electric Project (RHEP) near Rampur town in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh (H.P.). The project RHEP has been conceived as a tailrace development from the 1500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project (NJHEP) to tap the hydropower potential of river Satluj between Jhakri and Bayal village. The surface powerhouse will be constructed on the right bank of the river Satluj at village Bayal, which is about 15 km downstream of Rampur town. 3.0 OBJECTIVES Public Disclosure Authorized The main objective of Terrestrial Biodiversity Study is to collect the baseline terrestrial biodiversity status regarding flora and fauna in the Project Influence Area, (7 Km surrounding the project sites), Project Immediate Influence Area (500 m surrounding project sites and Project Affected Area (Total 49.8 ha of land acquired). For the assessment of Terrestrial Biodiversity data has been collected through extensive survey of the areas with reference to flora and fauna. The objectives are: * To Conduct Botanical Survey of Flora with respect to taxonomy, physiognomy, forest type, Structure, Associations, Phenology and Ethno- botanical information for major forest species, etc * To identify ecological status of flora and fauna with respect to endangered, rare, threatened, endemic as well as distribution Public Disclosure Authorized characteristics i.e. native/exotic, commercially/ locally important species, weeds or parasites Environment and Ecology Lg Project: Terrestrial Biodiversity Study for Rampur Hydro-electric Project Sheet: 2 of 15 Document: 20060051 EC I Executive Summary Date: August 2006 Final Report Revision: RO * To identify major uses of plant species in terms of timber, fodder, food, medicinal etc based on available literature & public consultation * To identify major threats to existing terrestrial biodiversity * To review Compensatory Afforestation Plan, Catchment Area Treatment Plan, Muck/ Quarry Area Redevelopment Plan, for RHEP & NJHEP and suggest vegetative measures * Formulation of Biodiversity Management Plan 4.0 BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY The Primary & Secondary data has been collected to assess baseline terrestrial biodiversity status. Primary surrey of flora has been conducted by using Standard Quadrate Method & Random sampling approach was followed. The Importance value index was calculated as per the Curter & Irtosh (1950) and diversity index calculated as per Shanon- Weaver (1948) Domestic Animals were directly observed during while birds were identified with binox and information about wildlife was collected form state forest dept. The public consultation was conducted during survey of the project] study area to know about various aspects of forest and wildlife studies. The baseline biodiversity with reference to flora and fauna was collected for Himachal Pradesh, Satluj Basin, Project Influence Area, Project Immediate Influence Area and Project Affected Area. The information on Ecological status of species & major threat to existing biodiversity also collected. The biodiversity status is discussed in brief. 4.1 Forest Types Forest is the major land use of Himachal Pradesh. The recorded forest area of the state is 3.54 million ha, which constitutes 66.6% the total geographical area of the state. The wide range of altitude, topography and climatic conditions contributed towards diverse forest types ranging from Tropical to Sub-tropical & temperate to Alpine Forests. As per the Champion & Seth (1962), a total nine major forest types and 35 sub-groups of forests were reported through out the State. Environment and Ecology Project: Terrestrial Biodiversity Study for Rampur Hydro-electric Project Sheet: 3 of 15 Document: 2006005 / EC I Executive Summary Date: August 2006 Final Report Revision: RO Table: I Comparative Distribution of Forests Types Forest Types H.P. S.B. PIA PIIA PAA Tropical Moist Siwalic Sal Forest. Deciduous Forest.. 3C/C2a Bhabur Sal Forest. 3C/C2b Dry Alpine Scrub + 16/Cl - -I (3000-3600m.) Moist Alpine Scrub + Alpine Pasture 15/C3 - - (3000-3600m) Sub Alpine Forest.. + Fir Frs. 14/CIa - - (3000-3500m.) Pasture 14/DS1 Himalayan Dry + Coniferous Dry D. Frs. - - Temperate Forest.. 13/C2b (2500-3000m.) Con. Pine Frs. 13/Cl - - Blue Pine Frs. 13/C2b Himalayan Moist + Ban-Oak Frs. 12/Cla + Temperate Forest.. Kharsu Oak Frs. 12/C2a + (1500-2500m) Moist Deodar Frs. + 12/C1C Oak- Fir Frs. 12/C2b + Mix. Con Frs. 12/Cld + Moharu Oak Frs. 12/C1 + Oak Scrub Frs. 12/Dsl Sub- tropical Pine + Himalayan Sub- tropical Forest.. Pine Frs. 9C1 St. Euph Srb 9DS2 + + + Sub-tropical Dry ± Dodonea Srb I0D51 + + + Evergreen Forest.. Tropical Dry + Northern Dry Mixed + Deciduous Forest. Dec. Frs. 5/C2 + Khair- Sissoo Forest. + l_ _5B/1 S2 Total 9/35 8/19 4/10 2/2 2/2 HP- Himachal Pradesh, S.B. - Satiuj Basin, PIA- Project Influence Area PIIA- Project Immediate Influence Area, PAA- Project Affected Area +- Present, - - Absent * Altitudinal Migration Environment and Ecology EE Project: Terrestrial Biodiversity Study for Rampur Hydro-electric Project Sheet: 4 of 15 Document: 2006005 1 EC / Executive Summary Date: August 2006 Final Report Revision: RO The table 1.1 shows comparative distribution of forest types in Himachal Pradesh, Satluj Basin, Project Influenced Area, Project Immediate Influenced Area & Project Affected Area. It revealed that Shivalik Sal Forest differentiate Himachal Pradesh from Satluj Basin. While High Altitude Forest (3500-6600m) Alpine & Sub-Alpine Forest differentiate Satluj Basin and Project Influenced Area. The Project Immediate Influenced Area and Project Affected Area represents only two forest types i.e. Sub-tropical Euphorbia Scrub and Dodonea Scrub, which are sparsely distributed along foothills and hill slopes. 4.2 Nature of Flora The wide range of altitude topography and climatic conditions resulted in rich and diversified flora in Himachal Pradesh. The flora of Himachal Pradesh comprised of higher plants, ferns, mosses, fungi and lichens. A total number of 3256 vascular plants has been reported from the State of which 3210 are angiosperms, 12 are gymnosperms and 34 species of lower plants. The flora has been used by local people for timber, fodder, fuel, food and medicines. The comparative statement on flora recorded during survey is given below Table: 2 Comparative Distribution Of Flora S.N. Nature of Flora PIA PIIA PAA 1 Trees 45 28 17 2 Shrubs 39 26 23 3 Herbs 21 14 16 4 Climber 04 02 01 5 Grasses 06 04 04 6 Ferns 02 02 02 7 Epiphytes 01 01 8 Mushroom 01 Total 119 77 63 Flora of the Project Influenced Area recorded highest number of 119 species followed by 77 and 63 in Project Immediate Influenced Area and Project Affected Area respectively. Taxonomically, flora is represented by 98 Genera & 58 Families. Physiognomically, floral diversity can be categorized as trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, grasses, ferns, epiphytes & mushrooms. The flora of the Project Affected Area is dominated by Shrubs and showed low diversity index as given in table below: Environment and Ecology Fq Project: Terrestrial Biodiversity Study for Rampur Hydro-electric Project Sheet: 5 of 15 Document: 2006005 / EC / Executive Summary Date: August 2006 Final Report Revision: RO Table 2 Diversity Indexes of the Project Area Area Diversity Index Range for Diversity Index Range for trees and Shrubs Grasses and Herbs Project Affected Area 0.27 - 1.30 0.17 - 0.80 Immediate Influence Area 1.17 - 1.41 0.87 - 1.13 4.3 Natural Fauna The variation in forest type and vegetation pattern resulted in distribution of diversified flora throughout the state. The rich faunal diversity includes 64 species of mammals, 447 species of birds, 44 species of amphibians & reptiles and 81 species of fishes. The Himachal Pradesh supports rich wildlife fauna, which is generally recorded from higher altitude forest (3500-6600m). The comparative distribution of endangered, rare & protected species of Himachal Pradesh is given below Table: 3 Comparative Distribution of Endangered Species of Wildlife Forest Type Wild life H.P S.B. PIA PIIA PAA Status Cold Desert Snow Leopard + + - - - Dry Alpine Him Brown Bear + + - - -I Scrub Tibetan Wolf + + - - - Moist Alpine Red Fox + + - - - IV Sub Alpine Common Leopard + + + - forest. (3500- -I 6600) Him Black Bear + + +* - - III Bharal + + III Him Thar + + I Him Ibex + + I Musk Deer + + - -I Baseline Terrestrial Biodiversity Status: - Status*: As per Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Schedule-I : Endangered and Rare Species Environment and Ecology Lg Project: Terrestrial
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