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Article 107009 53D12075f0c8cb ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان 1 1394 - 35 (3): 1-14 ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ ( Orius ( Hemiptera: Anthocoridae در اﻗﻠ ﻴﻢ ﻫـﺎ و ﻓﺼـﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮاﺣﻤﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﺸﺎورزي روي ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮان ﺣﻤﺰه داوري1 ، ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﻐﺮ ﺳﺮاج و ﻋﻠﻲ رﺟﺐ ﭘﻮر *و2 -1 داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﮔ ﺮو ه ﮔﻴﺎهﭘ ﺰﺷﻜﻲ، -2 داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ راﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻮزﺳ ﺘﺎن، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ . * ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺎت، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ: [email protected] Biodiversity of genus Orius (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in various climate regions and seasons of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province and evaluation of agro-ecosystem effects on their biodiversity H. Davari 1, A. A. Seraj 1 and A. Rajabpour 2&* 1. Department of plant protection, college of agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran, 2. Department of plant protection, college of agriculture, Ramin agriculture and natural resources university of Khouzestan, Mollasani, Ahwaz. *corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Orius ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از آﻓﺎت ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در دﻧﻴﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن و ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﻚ ﻫﺎي Anthocoriade در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮاﺣﻤﺪ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﺸﺎورزي روي ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺳﻪ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ و از ﻫﺮ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﻪ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ( ﺑﺎﻏﻲ، زراﻋﻲ و دﺳﺖ ورزي ﻧﺸﺪه ) و از ﻫﺮ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮدار ي ﻫﺮ دو ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ژﻧﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎي اﻓﺮاد ﻧﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭼﻴﺮ ﮔﻲ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن- وﻳﻨﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺷﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ (O. s albidipennis (Reuter ، (O. horvati (Reuter) ، O. vicinus (Ribaut) ،Orius pallidicornis (Reuter) ،O. laevigatus (Fiber) ، O. niger (Wolff از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي O. albidipennis و در اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﺮدﺳﻴﺮي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ O. niger ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Anthocoridae در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮاﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ . ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﺮم، ﻣﻌﺘﺪل و ﺳﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 245 1/ ، 233 1/ و 9896 0/ ﺑﻮد . ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Orius در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ دﺳﺖ ورزي ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ از اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ دﺳﺖ ورزي ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد . در ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮات ﺳﻮء دﺳﺖ ورزي ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﻚ ﻫﺎي Orius ، در ﺑﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺎورزي، اﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻛﺸﺖ، ﻛﺸﺖ ﺗﻮام و ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺮﭼﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺟﺰاﻳﺮ ﺳﺒﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮان ﺷﻮد . واژﮔﺎ ن ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﻏﻨﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن، ﺳﻨﻚ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺘﻮﻛﻮرﻳﺪ، زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم Abstract The members of genus Orius are known as natural enemies of many of plant pests in the world. We studied the fauna and biodiversity of the family Anthocoridae bugs in different environmental conditions of Kohgiloyeh and Boyrahmad province of Iran. Sampling took place in three climates and from three ecosystems (gardens, farms and virgin uncultivated lands) throught three replicationsevery other week. Species were identified based on male genitalia, and the biodiversity study was done using Shannon- Wiener dominance index through SDR software. The species Orius albidipennis (Reuter), O. niger (Wolff), O. laevigatus (Fiber), O. pallidicornis (Reuter), O. vicinus (Ribaut), O. horvati (Reuter) were identfied . The results showed that O. albidipennis was the dominant species in tropical climate and O. niger was the dominant species in cold climate. The Shannon-Wiener indices of tropical, moderate and cool climates were 1.245, 1.233, and 0.9896 respectively. Biodiversity of Orius spp in non manipulated ecosystems were significantly higher than manipulated (agricultural) ecosystems. Therefore biodiversities of the natural enemies were significantly affected by climate and ecosystem conditions.Regarding the side effects of ecosystem manipulating treatments on the biodiversity of the predatory bugs, some conservative treatments such as multi-cropping, rgeen islands of weed could enhance biodiversity and efficiency of predators. Key words: Species richness, Shanon index, Anthocorid bugs, ecosystem ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ( Minute pirate bugs ) ﻣــــﻲ ﺑﺎﺷــــﻨﺪ . ﺧــــﺎﻧﻮاده ي ﺟﻨﺲ Orius ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Anthocoridae ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد . Anthocoridae ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 400 - 600 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ در ﺳﺮاﺳـﺮ دﻧﻴـﺎ اﻋﻀﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨ ﻚ ﻫﺎي ﻏﺎرﺗﮕﺮ رﻳـﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در 100 ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻗـﺮار دارﻧـﺪ ( Latin,1999 ) . ) درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : /11 /10 1393 ، ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : /20/8 1394 . 2 داوري و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران: ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ ( Orius ( Hemiptera: Anthocoridae .. .. ﺳــﻨﻚ ﻫــﺎي ﺷــﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده ي Anthocoridae داراي زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﺷﻮد . ﺑﺪون داﺷﺘﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎري و اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت وﻳﮋﮔــﻲ ﻫــﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴــﺮ ﻗــﺪرت ﺷــﻜﺎرﮔﺮي روي ﻣﺮاﺣــﻞ در ﻣﻮرد ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺟﺮاي دﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ رﺷــﺪي آﻓــﺖ، ﺗﻮاﻧــﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﺴــﺘﺠﻮﮔﺮي در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﻓﺎت ﻧﻴﺰ دﭼﺎر اﺷﻜﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد (Shirvani, 2007) . ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴـﺎه، ﻗـﺪرت ﺑﻘـﺎ در ﺗـﺮاﻛﻢ ﻫـﺎي از ﻃﺮﻓــﻲ ﺗﻨــﻮع زﻳﺴــﺘﻲ ﺷــﻜﺎرﮔﺮان ﺑــﻪﻋﻨــﻮان ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﺎر و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ، ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ي ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ اداﻣﻪ ي رﺷـﺪ و ﻧﻤـﻮ در ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﻧﺎﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﺑـﺪون وارد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد . ﺑﺤـﺚ ﻫـﺎي ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ي دﻳﺎﭘﻮز ( ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ،ﻫﺎ) ﻋـﺪم ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ زﻳــﺎدي در ﻣــﻮرد ﺗــﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻨــﻮع زﻳﺴــﺘﻲ ﺷــﻜﺎرﮔﺮان ﺑــﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ روي ﮔﻴﺎه ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن، ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﭘﺮورش آﺳـﺎن، ﻗـﺪرت ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﻛﻨ ﺘﺮل آﻓﺎت وﺟﻮد دارد . ﺑﺴـﻴﺎري از ﻣ ﻘﺎﻳﺴـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻃﻌﻤـﻪ و ﺳـﺎزﮔﺎ ري ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ دﺷـﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـــﻲ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺸـــﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸـــﺎن دادﻧـــﺪ ﻛـــﻪ ﻣﻴـــﺰان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ (Ostovan , 2004) . ﺑﻴﺶ ﺗﺮ اﻋﻀﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴــﺖ آﻓــﺖ در زﻳﺴــﺖ ﺑــﻮمﻫــﺎﻳﻲ ﻛــ ﻪ داراي ﻗــﺎدر ﺑــﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳــﻪ از ﻛﻠﻴــﻪ ﻣﺮاﺣــﻞ رﺷــﺪي ﻛﻨــﻪ ﻫــﺎ، ﺗﻨـــﻮع ﺑـــﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺷـــﻜﺎرﮔﺮان ﻣـــﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـــﺪ، ﺑـــﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗـــﺐ ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫـﺎ، ﺗـﺮﻳﭙﺲ ﻫـﺎ، ﺳـﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟـﻚ ﻫـﺎ، ﺗﺨـﻢ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ از زﻳﺴـﺖ ﺑـﻮم ﻫـﺎي داراي ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻛـﻢ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ . و ﻻرو ﺑـــﺎل ﭘﻮﻟـــﻚداران و ﺑﺮﺧـــﻲ ﺳـــﻨﻚ ﻫـــﺎي در ﻛﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸـﺎن دادﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﻜﺎرﮔﺮان ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي Miridae ، Lygaeidae و Tingidae ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻣــﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨــﺪ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮل آﻓــﺎت ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻳﻜــﺪﻳﮕﺮ را ( Ostovan & Niakan , 2000 .) ﺗﻜﻤﻴــﻞ ﻛﻨﻨــﺪ . اﻳــﻦ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع ﺑــﻪوﻳــﮋه در زﻳﺴــﺖﺑــﻮمﻫــﺎ ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪﻋﻨـﻮان واژ ه ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ از اواﻳـﻞ دﻫـﻪ ﻛﺸـــﺎورزي داراي اﻫﻤﻴـــﺖ ﺑـــﻴﺶﺗـــﺮي ﺑـــﻮده اﺳـــﺖ 1980 ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﻏﻨﺎ و ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﮔﻨﺠﻴﻨـﻪ ي ﺣﻴـﺎت در ( Letourneau et al ., 2009 ). ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﺑﺴــﻴﺎر اﻧــﺪﻛﻲ ﻛﺮه زﻣﻴﻦ از ﮔﻴﺎه و ﺟﺎﻧﻮر ﺗﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺑـﻲ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده در ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﻚﻫـﺎي Anthocoridae در اﻳـﺮان ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . ﻛﻨﻮاﻧﺴﻴﻮن ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺻﻄﻼح را ﺑـﻪ ﺻــﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ اﺳــﺖ ﺑــﺮاي ﻣﺜــﺎل ﺗﻨــﻮع زﻳﺴــﺘﻲ اﻳــﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات زﻧـﺪه از ﻫـﺮ ﻣﻨﺒـﻊ ﺷــﻜﺎرﮔﺮان در ﺑﺮﺧــﻲ ﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﺸــﻮر از ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﻣﺸــﻬﺪ دﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮمﻫﺎي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ، درﻳﺎﻳﻲ و دﻳﮕـﺮ (Hasanzadeh Awal & Modarres Awal, 2010) ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎي آﺑﺰي، و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑـﻮم ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻮرد ﻓﻮن و ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮان ﺟﻨﺲ Orius ، ﻛــﻪ ﺑﺨﺸــﻲ از زﻳﺴــﺖ ﺑــﻮم را ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﻣــﻲ دﻫﻨــﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ در اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻛﻬﮕ ﻴﻠﻮﻳـﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮ اﺣﻤـﺪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺮد . اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﻴ ﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎ، ﺗﻨـﻮع ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ . ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺼـﻞ ﻫـﺎ و ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ اﻗﻠﻴﻤـﻲ درون ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪﻫـــﺎ و ﺗﻨـــﻮع زﻳﺴـــﺖ ﺑـــﻮمﻫـــﺎ اﺳـــﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻮم ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻛﺸـﺎورزي روي ﺗﻨـﻮع زﻳﺴـﺘﻲ (Mohamadi fazel & Safaii, 2000) . ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮان اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻗـﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘـﻪ از دﻳــﺪﮔﺎه ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣــﻪﻫــﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇــﺖ ﻣﺤــﻴﻂ زﻳﺴــﺖ، اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ رﻳـﺰي ﺷﻨﺎﺳـــﺎﻳﻲ و ﭘـــﺎ ﻳﺶ ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪﻫـــﺎي ﻣﻮﺟـــﻮد در ﻫـــﺮ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮل ﭘﺎﻳــﺪار آﻓــﺎت، ﻫــﺪف از اﻳــﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ ، ﺑﺮرﺳــﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ و آﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﺣﻀﻮر ﻳـﺎ ﻋـﺪم ﻓﻮن و ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﺳـ ﻨﻚﻫـﺎي ﺟـﻨﺲ Orius در اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎي ﺑـﻮﻣﻲ و ﻏﻴﺮﺑـﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺷـﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳــﻪ ﺑﻮﻳﺮاﺣﻤــﺪ و ارزﻳــﺎﺑﻲ ﺗــﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧــﻮع اﻗﻠــﻴﻢ و آ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴـﺖ ﻣـﻲ - دﺳﺖورزي در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ روي ﺗﻨـﻮع زﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ و اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺣﻔـﻆ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑ ﻬﺘـﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان، 35: (3)، 1394 3 ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻛـﺮده 10 ﻗـﺪم ﻳـﻚ درﺧـﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪ ﺑـــﺮداري ﺑــﺮاي ﺟﻤـــﻊ آوري و ﺑﺮرﺳـــﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺼــﺎدف اﻧﺘﺨــﺎب ﺷــﺪ . ﭼﻬــﺎر ﺳﺮﺷــﺎﺧﻪ از ﺳﻨﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲ Orius در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻬﮕﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮاﺣﻤﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎع 1/5 از ﻫـﺮ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺎﻳﻲ ﺗـﺎج درﺧـﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺳـﻪ اﻗﻠـﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت اﻧﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪه، درون ﺳـﻴﻨﻲ ﺳـﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﺒـﻪ دار ﺑـﻪ اﺑﻌــﺎد اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﻳﺮ در ﻃﻲ ﺳـﺎل ﻫـﺎي 1391 ﺗـﺎ 1392 40 × 30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﺪه ﺷـﺪ و ﺳـﻨﻚ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . روي ﺳﻴﻨﻲ ﺳـﻔﻴﺪ اﻓﺘﺎدﻧـﺪ ، ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﺎ آﺳـﭙﻴﺮاﺗﻮر اﻟﻒ - اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﺮدﺳﻴﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ (ﺑﺎ ﻃـﻮل و ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ ﻧﺪ . ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺟﻨﺲﻫـﺎي ﻧـﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﻋــﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴــﺎﻳﻲ E ´ 15°51 و N ´ 57°30) از ﺗﻮاﺑــﻊ اﺳﺎس ﺷﻜﻞ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺷﻜﻢ، ﺣﺸﺮات ﻧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷ ﻴﺸﻪﻫـﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن دﻧﺎ ﺣﺎوي ا ﻟﻜ ﻞ 75 درﺻﺪ و 5 درﺻﺪ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ ب - اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج و ﭘﺎﺗﺎوه (ﺑﺎ ﻃـﻮل و ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﻋــﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴــﺎﻳﻲ E ´ 31°51 و N ´ 31°30) از ﺗﻮاﺑــﻊ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﻳﺮاﺣﻤﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧــ ﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﺳــﻨﻚﻫــﺎي ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاد ه ج - اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷـﻬﺮ ﮔﭽﺴـﺎران (ﺑـﺎ ﻃـﻮل و Anthocoridae ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده Anthocoridae از ﻋـــﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـــﺎﻳﻲ E´ 45°50 و N´ 15°30) از ﺗﻮاﺑـــﻊ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺎراﻣﺮ اﻓـﺮاد ﻧـﺮ ﺻـﻮرت ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮد ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن دوﮔﻨﺒﺪان ( Ostovan, & Niakan , 2000 ؛ Yasunaga, 1993a) از ﻫﺮ اﻗﻠﻴ ﻢ دو زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺑـﺎغ و ﻣﺰرﻋـﻪ Yasunaga, 1997a ; Yasunaga, 1997b; . ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ اﻓﺮاد ﻧـﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزي (دﺳـﺖ ورزي ﺷـﺪه ) و و ﻣــﺎده ﺑﺮاﺳــﺎس ﺷــﻜﻞ اﻧﺘﻬــﺎي ﺷــﻜﻢ اﻧﺠــﺎم ﺷــﺪ ﺟﻨﮕــﻞ و ﭼﻤــﻦ زار ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮان زﻳﺴــﺖ ﺑــﻮم ﺑﻜــﺮ (Rajabpour, 2011) . ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻬﻴﻪ اﺳﻼﻳﺪ از ژﻧﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎي اﻓﺮاد ( دﺳﺖ ورزي ﻧ ﺸﺪه ) اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷـﺪ . از ﻫـﺮ زﻳﺴـﺖ ﺑـﻮم ﻧﺮ، اﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﺪت ﻳـﻚ ﻫﻔﺘـﻪ ﺗـﺎ 10 روز ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﺮ اﻗﻠـﻴﻢ، ﺳـﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ زﻣـﻴﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺖ درون آون د ر دﻣــﺎي 45 ﺗــﺎ 50 درﺟــﻪ ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺒﻲ 200 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷـﺪ . (Madadi, 1999) ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺳﻨﻚ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي داراي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑــﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ از ﻛﻠﻴــﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺑﺮاﺳــﺎس ﻳــﻚﺳــﺎﻟﻪ (ﻣﺰرﻋــﻪ و ﭼﻤﻨــﺰار ﺑــﻪﺗﺮﺗﻴــﺐ ﺑــﻪﻋﻨــﻮان ژﻧﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴــــﺎي اﻓــــﺮاد ﻧــــﺮ ﻫﺴــــﺖ، اﺳــــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــــﺪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎي ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ دﺳﺖ ورزي ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺸﺪه)، در (.
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  • Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae)
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