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I COPPE/UFRJ a MODELAGEM HIDRODINÂMICA COMO AUXÍLIO COPPE/UFRJ A MODELAGEM HIDRODINÂMICA COMO AUXÍLIO À NAVEGAÇÃO NO CANAL NORTE DO ESTUÁRIO DO AMAZONAS Maria Fernanda Rezende Arentz Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Oceânica, COPPE, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Engenharia Oceânica. Orientadora: Susana Beatriz Vinzon Rio de Janeiro Abril de 2009 i A MODELAGEM HIDRODINÂMICA COMO AUXÍLIO À NAVEGAÇÃO NO CANAL NORTE DO ESTUÁRIO DO AMAZONAS Maria Fernanda Rezende Arentz DISSERTAÇÃO SUBMETIDA AO CORPO DOCENTE DO INSTITUTO ALBERTO LUIZ COIMBRA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO E PESQUISA DE ENGENHARIA (COPPE) DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO COMO PARTE DOS REQUISITOS NECESSÁRIOS PARA A OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE MESTRE EM CIÊNCIAS EM ENGENHARIA OCEÂNICA. Aprovada por: _____________________________________________ Profa Susana Beatriz Vinzon, D. Sc. _____________________________________________ Prof. Paulo Cesar Colonna Rosman, Ph. D. _____________________________________________ Dr. Reinaldo Antonio Ferreira de Lima, D. Sc. _____________________________________________ Dr. Antonio Fernando Garcez Faria, Ph. D. RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ - BRASIL ABRIL DE 2009 ii Arentz, Maria Fernanda Rezende A Modelagem Hidrodinâmica como Auxílio à Navegação no Canal Norte do Estuário do Amazonas/ Maria Fernanda Rezende Arentz. – Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ/COPPE, 2009. XVI, 166 p.: il.; 29,7 cm. Orientadora: Susana Beatriz Vinzon Dissertação (mestrado) – UFRJ/ COPPE/ Programa de Engenharia Oceânica, 2009. Referencias Bibliográficas: p. 133-139. 1. Modelagem Hidrodinâmica. 2. Maré. 3. Estuário do Rio Amazonas. I. Vinzon, Susana Beatriz. II. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Programa de Engenharia Oceânica. III. Título. iii “Deus ao mar o abismo e o perigo deu, Mas nele é que espelhou o céu.” (Fernando Pessoa) iv AGRADECIMENTOS À Marinha, representada pela DHN e pelo CHM, pela oportunidade de realizar o mestrado, pela disponibilidade de recursos, dados e informações em todos os momentos. À FINEP por ter financiado o projeto “Modelagem hidrodinâmica e monitoramento do nível do mar na Barra Norte do Rio Amazonas – Correção de sondagens para construção da Carta Náutica” do qual faz parte esta dissertação. À professora Susana pela sua orientação e dedicação. Obrigada por me motivar a buscar cada vez mais conhecimento e embasamento para este trabalho, fornecendo preciosas sugestões nas horas certas. Ao Comandante Marcelo, meu orientador do CHM, por toda a confiança depositada desde que ingressei na DHN. Obrigada por ter acompanhando a minha trajetória como um exemplo a ser seguido. Ao Comandante Augusto coordenador do projeto “Modelagem hidrodinâmica e monitoramento do nível do mar na Barra Norte do Rio Amazonas – Correção de sondagens para construção da Carta Náutica” por todo apoio e confiança. Ao Almirante Ferreira de Lima, Comandante Garcez e Professor Rosman, por terem aceitado integrar a banca, contribuindo para melhorar este trabalho. Especialmente, à professora Josefa pela disponibilidade e compreensão. Foi uma grata satisfação integrar a equipe do LDSC. Agradeço a todos os amigos do laboratório, em particular à Luana, Marcos, Rodrigo, Carla, Gabriela, Débora, Iran e Leonardo pela colaboração em todas as etapas do curso e do desenvolvimento desta dissertação e pelo respeito, profissionalismo e cordialidade com que fui tratada. A amizade de vocês será guardada para sempre. À tripulação do NHi Sirius e em especial aos Comandante Costa Neves, que contribuiu para a idealização do projeto Barra Norte, e ao Comandante Leandro, que prosseguiu com as atividades do navio com o mesmo empenho. Aos Comandantes Norberto e Torres, que à frente do CHM-30 prestaram inestimável apoio durante e após o curso. A toda a equipe do DHN-20, pelo auxílio e a orientação durante o mestrado, especialmente ao Comandante Alenquer. Ao SSN-4 pelo apoio com as estações maregráficas. Ao SHOM, na pessoa do Comandante Yves Guillam, pela oportunidade de estágio em um centro de excelência em hidrografia, e a Dra. Lucia Pineau-Guillou pela receptividade e por todas as informações prestadas e material técnico cedido. v A todos os professores do PENO, pelos ensinamentos passados e aos funcionários pela atenção dispensada. Aos que me fizeram aprender a gostar das marés e me levaram de alguma forma a escolher o tema desta pesquisa: Almirante Franco, Suboficial Cardoso, Professor Geraldo e Venceslau (Robusto). À Divisão de Levantamentos e aos hidrógrafos e não-hidrógrafos que por ela passaram e que me inspiram a tentar entender a Barra Norte, em especial o Comandante Briones e o Comandante Magno. Aos velhos e novos companheiros da Seção de Marés (e agregados): Neide, Priscila, Borba, Caúla, Comandante Mauricio e todos os militares e civis que também registraram o nome naquela régua de marés e ajudaram a construir esse legado. Em particular à minha chefe, Comandante Rosuita, que me encorajou a apostar nesta capacitação profissional e acreditou na proposta deste trabalho. Ao Alberto, pelo atendimento primoroso hoje e sempre, fornecendo os dados do BNDO com presteza e eficiência. Ao Comandante Ramos, futuro parceiro nos desdobramentos deste trabalho, pelo espírito de coleguismo, pelo auxílio com os dados do FES2004 e pelas aulas de geodésia. À Flavia e à Comandante Ana Angélica, pelo ótimo trabalho com o Geosoft que tanto valorizou a apresentação dos resultados finais. Aos colegas da Área da Costeira pelo excelente convívio nestes últimos anos e pela amizade que permanecerá. Agradeço principalmente à Sonia, por todos estes anos de amizade e trocas de experiência na oceanografia e nas coisas da vida. À Marise, por tudo que ela é e representa para nós alunos da Costeira. Obrigada especialmente pelo carinho naqueles momentos mais complicados. À minha família, especialmente aos meus pais. Nenhuma palavra pode expressar a gratidão e orgulho que sinto por vocês. À Carolina minha querida filha, que cresceu junto com este trabalho e foi minha maior fonte de inspiração e alegria: muito obrigada! Ao Carlos companheiro querido de todos os momentos, pelo seu otimismo e serenidade, amor e paciência que nunca me deixarão esmorecer perante os desafios da vida. Dedico esta dissertação a você e à nossa filhinha. vi Resumo da Dissertação apresentada à COPPE/UFRJ como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências (M.Sc.) A MODELAGEM HIDRODINÂMICA COMO AUXÍLIO À NAVEGAÇÃO NO CANAL NORTE DO ESTUÁRIO DO AMAZONAS Maria Fernanda Rezende Arentz Abril/2009 Orientadora: Susana Beatriz Vinzon Programa: Engenharia Oceânica O Canal Norte do estuário do rio Amazonas, nas proximidades da Barra Norte, se configura como uma área crítica para a navegação, em virtude da elevada taxa de migração de bancos arenosos aliada a um regime de macro-maré. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é aplicar a modelagem hidrodinâmica como ferramenta para a determinação de níveis de redução da carta náutica e para a redução de sondagens em levantamentos hidrográficos, contribuindo para melhorar as condições de navegabilidade e segurança da região. Experimentos numéricos realizados com o modelo hidrodinâmico 2DH reproduziram cenários de um ano e consideraram como principais forçantes a vazão fluvial e a maré astronômica. As séries temporais de elevações simuladas foram confrontadas aos dados maregráficos observados e analisadas pelo método harmônico, gerando como resultado mapas de variação de níveis de redução e LAT. Os resultados do modelo foram utilizados, com um bom nível de confiança (incertezas de 5%), na correção de maré de um conjunto recente de dados batimétricos. A sensibilidade do modelo às variações na batimetria foi igualmente avaliada a fim de permitir a validação do método. A metodologia se mostrou particularmente útil para a correção de dados batimétricos e para a previsão de níveis d’água. No entanto, para a adoção do método é fundamental que, concomitantemente aos levantamentos hidrográficos, sejam coletados dados de maré nas áreas mais estratégicas. vii Abstract of Dissertation presented to COPPE/UFRJ as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) THE USE OF HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING IN NAVIGATION AIDS ALONG THE NORTHERN CHANNEL OF THE AMAZON ESTUARY Maria Fernanda Rezende Arentz April/2009 Advisor: Susana Beatriz Vinzon Department: Ocean Engineering The Northern Channel of the Amazon Estuary is considered a critical area for navigation due to sandy banks high rate of migration and macrotides occurrence. The main purpose of this work is to apply hydrodynamic modeling for determining nautical chart datum and reducting sounding data in order to improve the navigability and safety in that area. The hydrodynamic 2DH model was forced by astronomical tide and river flow in order to generate one year of simulations. The forecasted water level time series has been compared to tide-gauge observations and further analyzed with the harmonic method producing nautical chart datum maps. Modeling results have been used to implement reliable tidal corrections in a set of recent bathymetric data. Uncertainties of 5% were found in the overall results. Model sensitivity related to variations in the bathymetry has also been assessed to support the validation of the method. This methodology was considered particularly useful for bathymetric data correction and for water level predictions. However, even using the presented tool it is essential to collect water level data in strategic places during the hydrographic
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