Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition Free

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Sign up for LibraryThing to find out whether you'll like this book. Home Groups Talk More Zeitgeist. I Agree This site uses cookies to deliver our services, improve performance, for analytics, and if not signed in for advertising. Your use of the site and services is subject to these policies and terms. Twenty-seven documents have been collected and arranged by play, with a section of Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition writings at the end. Ibsen's plays continue to provoke diverse commentary. Criticism" includes nineteen of the most important responses to Ibsen's work, among them essays by Bernard Shaw, Sandra Saari, E. Forster, Hugh Kenner, and Joan Templeton. A Chronology and Selected Bibliography are also included. No current Talk conversations about this book. No reviews. Contains Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen. A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen. The Wild Duck by Henrik Ibsen. Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen. The Master Builder by Henrik Ibsen. You must log in to edit Common Knowledge data. Do Not Combine : This is a "Norton Critical Edition", it is a unique work with significant added material, including essays and background materials. Do not combine Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition other editions of the work. References to this work on external resources. Wikipedia in English None. No library descriptions found. Book description. Haiku summary. Add to Your books. Add to wishlist. Quick Links Amazon. Amazon Kindle 0 editions. Audible 0 editions. CD Audiobook 0 Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition. Project Gutenberg 0 editions. Google Books — Loading Local Book Search. Swap 4 want. Popular covers. Rating Average: 4. Is this you? Become a LibraryThing Author. Recently added by. For more help see the Common Knowledge help page. Original publication date. Add to Your books Add to wishlist Quick Links. Norton Critical Editions | Reihen | LibraryThing

As one of the founders of modernism in theatre, Ibsen is often referred to as "the father of realism " and one of the most influential playwrights of his time. He is the most frequently performed dramatist in the world after Shakespeare[3] [4] and A Doll's House was the world's most performed play in Ibsen's early poetic and cinematic play Peer Gynt has strong surreal elements. Several of his later dramas were considered scandalous to many of his era, when European theatre was expected to model strict morals of family life and propriety. Ibsen's later work examined the realities that lay behind the facades, revealing much that was disquieting to a number of his contemporaries. He had a critical eye and conducted a free inquiry into the conditions of life and issues of morality. In many critics' estimates The Wild Duck and Rosmersholm are "vying with each other as rivals for the top place among Ibsen's works"; [7] Ibsen himself regarded Emperor and Galilean as his masterpiece. Ibsen is often ranked as one of the most distinguished playwrights in the European tradition. Ibsen was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in, and Ibsen wrote his plays in Danish the common written language of Denmark and Norway during his lifetime [12] and they were published by the Danish publisher Gyldendal. Although most of his plays are set in Norway—often in places reminiscent of Skienthe port town where he grew Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition lived for 27 years in Italy and Germany, and rarely visited Norway Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition his most productive years. He was the father of Prime Minister Sigurd Ibsen. Ibsen's dramas had a strong influence upon contemporary culture. Ibsen was born into an affluent merchant family in the wealthy port town of Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition in Bratsberg Telemark. His parents were Knud Ibsen — and Marichen Altenburg — His parents, though not related by blood, had been raised as something that resembled social siblings. She sacrificed herself time and time again. There was no bitterness or reproach in her. Older Ibsen historiography has claimed that his father experienced financial ruin and that this had a strong influence on Ibsen's later work. Haave points out that his father's economic problems in the s were mainly the result of the difficult times and something the Ibsen family had in common with many others of the bourgeoisie; Haave further argues that Henrik Ibsen had a relatively happy and comfortable childhood. Ibsen himself confirmed that he both Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition and named characters in his plays after his own family. A central theme in Ibsen's plays is the portrayal of suffering women, echoing his mother Marichen Altenburg according to Templeton, who argues that Ibsen's sympathy with women would eventually find significant expression with their portrayal in dramas such as A Doll's House and Rosmersholm. At fifteen, Ibsen was forced to leave school. He moved to the small Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition of Grimstad to become an apprentice pharmacist and began writing plays. Ibsen went to Christiania later renamed Kristiania and then Oslo intending to matriculate at the university. He soon rejected the idea his earlier attempts at entering university were blocked as he did not pass all his entrance examspreferring to commit himself to writing. His first play, the tragedy Catilinawas published under the pseudonym "Brynjolf Bjarme", when he was only 22, but it was not performed. His first play to be staged, The Burial Moundreceived little attention. Still, Ibsen was determined to be a playwright, although the numerous plays he wrote in the following years remained unsuccessful. In Ibsen's youth, Wergeland was the most acclaimed, and by far the most read, Norwegian poet and playwright. He spent the next several years employed at Det norske Theater Bergenwhere he was involved in the production of more than plays as a writer, director, and producer. During this period, he published five new, though largely unremarkable, plays. Despite Ibsen's failure to achieve success as a playwright, he gained a great deal of practical experience at the Norwegian Theater, experience that was to prove valuable when he continued writing. Ibsen returned to Christiania in to become the creative director of the Christiania Theatre. He married Suzannah Thoresen on 18 June and she gave birth to their only child Sigurd on 23 December The couple lived in very poor financial circumstances and Ibsen became very disenchanted with life in Norway. Inhe left Christiania and went to Sorrento in Italy in self-imposed exile. He didn't return to his native land for the next 27 years, and when Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition returned to it he was a noted, but controversial, playwright. His next play, Brandbrought him the critical acclaim he sought, along with a measure of financial success, as did the following play, Peer Gyntto which Edvard Grieg famously composed incidental music and songs. Ibsen's next play Peer Gynt was consciously informed by Kierkegaard. With success, Ibsen became more confident and began to introduce more and more of his own beliefs and judgements into the drama, exploring what he termed the "drama of ideas". His next series of plays are often considered his Golden Age, when Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition entered the height of his power and influence, becoming the center of dramatic controversy across Europe. Ibsen moved from Italy to DresdenGermany, inwhere he spent years writing the play he regarded as his main work, Emperor and Galileandramatizing the life and times of Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition Roman emperor Julian the Apostate. Although Ibsen himself always Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition back on this play as the cornerstone of his entire works, very few shared his opinion, and his next works would be much more acclaimed. Ibsen moved to Munich in and began work on his first contemporary realist drama The Pillars of Societyfirst published and performed in This play is a scathing criticism of the marital roles accepted by men and women which characterized Ibsen's society. He himself saw his latter plays as a series. Ghosts followed inanother scathing commentary on the morality of Ibsen's society, in which a widow reveals to her pastor that she had hidden the evils of her marriage for its duration. But his philandering continued right up until his death, and his vices are passed on to their son in the form of syphilis. The mention of venereal disease alone was scandalous, but to show how it could poison a respectable family was considered intolerable. In An Enemy of the PeopleIbsen went even further. In earlier plays, controversial elements were important and even pivotal components of the action, but they were on the small scale of individual Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition. In An Enemycontroversy became the primary focus, and the antagonist was the entire community. One primary Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition of the play is that the individual, who stands alone, is more often "right" than the mass of people, who are portrayed as ignorant and sheeplike. Contemporary society's belief was that the community was a noble institution that could be trusted, a notion Ibsen challenged. In An Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition of the PeopleIbsen chastised not only Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition conservatism of society, but also the liberalism of the time. He illustrated how people on both sides of the social spectrum could be equally self-serving. An Enemy of the People was written as a response to the people who had rejected his previous work, Ghosts. The plot of the play is a veiled look at the way people reacted to the plot of Ghosts. The protagonist is a physician in a vacation spot whose primary draw is a Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition bath. The doctor discovers that the water is contaminated by the local tannery. He expects to be acclaimed for saving the Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition from the nightmare of infecting visitors with disease, but instead he is declared an 'enemy of the people' by the locals, who band against him and even throw stones through his windows. The play ends with his complete ostracism. It is obvious to the Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition that disaster is in store for the town as well as for the doctor. As audiences by now expected, Ibsen's next play again attacked entrenched beliefs and assumptions; but this time, his attack was not against society's mores, but against overeager reformers and their idealism. The Wild Duck is by many considered Ibsen's finest work, and it is certainly the most complex. It tells the story of Gregers Werle, a young man who returns to his hometown after an extended exile and is reunited with his boyhood friend Hjalmar Ekdal. Over the course Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition the play, the many secrets that lie behind the Ekdals' apparently happy home are revealed to Gregers, who insists on pursuing the absolute truth, or the "Summons of the Ideal". Among these truths: Gregers' father impregnated his servant Gina, then married her off to Hjalmar to legitimize the child. Another man has been disgraced and imprisoned for a crime the elder Werle committed. Furthermore, while Hjalmar spends his days working on a wholly imaginary "invention", his wife is earning the household Ibsens Selected Plays: Norton Critical Edition. Ibsen displays masterful use of irony: despite his dogmatic insistence on truth, Gregers never says what he thinks but only insinuates, and is never understood until the play reaches its climax. Gregers hammers away at Hjalmar through innuendo and coded phrases until he realizes the truth; Gina's daughter, Hedvig, is not his child. Blinded by Gregers' insistence on absolute truth, he disavows the child. Seeing the damage he has wrought, Gregers determines to repair things, and suggests to Hedvig that she sacrifice the wild duck, her wounded pet, to prove her love for Hjalmar. Hedvig, alone among the characters, recognizes that Gregers always speaks in code, and looking for the deeper meaning in the first important statement Gregers makes which does not contain one, kills herself rather than the duck in order to prove her love for him in the ultimate act of self- sacrifice. Only too late do Hjalmar and Gregers realize that the absolute truth of the "ideal" is sometimes too much for the human heart to bear. Late in his career, Ibsen turned to a more introspective drama that had much less to do with denunciations of society's moral values and more to do with the problems of individuals. In such later plays as Hedda Gabler and The Master BuilderIbsen explored psychological conflicts that transcended a simple rejection of current conventions. Many modern readers, who might regard anti-Victorian didacticism as dated, simplistic or hackneyed, have found these later works to be of absorbing interest for their hard-edged, objective consideration of interpersonal confrontation. Ibsen had completely rewritten the rules of drama with a realism which was to be adopted by Chekhov and others and which we see in the theatre to this day. From Ibsen forward, challenging assumptions and directly speaking about issues has been considered one of the factors that makes a play art rather than entertainment. His works were brought to an English-speaking audience, largely thanks to the efforts of William Archer and Edmund Gosse. These in turn had a profound influence on the young James Joyce who venerates him in his early autobiographical novel "Stephen Hero". Ibsen returned to Norway inbut it was in many ways not the Norway he had left. Indeed, he had played a major role in the changes that had happened across society. Modernism was on the rise, not only in the theatre, but across public life. Michael Meyer's translations in the s were welcomed by actors and directors as playable, rather than academic. Ibsen intentionally obscured his influences. At the time when Ibsen was writing, literature was emerging as a formidable force in 19th century society. With the vast increase in literacy towards the end of the century, the possibilities of literature being used for subversion struck horror into the heart of the Establishment. No other artist, apart from Richard Wagner, had such an effect internationally, inspiring almost blasphemous adoration and hysterical abuse. If it did not, there would have been no necessity for me to have written it. Ibsen didn't just read the critical reaction to his plays, he actively corresponded with critics, publishers, theatre directors and newspaper editors on the subject. The interpretation of his work, both by critics and directors, concerned him greatly. He often advised directors on which actor or actress would be suitable for a particular role. Ibsen's plays initially reached a far wider audience as read plays rather than in performance. It was 20 years, for instance, before the authorities would allow Ghosts to be performed in Norway. Each new play that Ibsen wrote, from onwards, had an explosive effect on intellectual circles. Norton Critical Editions | Awards | LibraryThing

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