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PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY for OFFSHORE WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT in GUJARAT the European Union Is a Unique Economic and Political Partnership Between 28 European Countries

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PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY for OFFSHORE WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT in GUJARAT the European Union Is a Unique Economic and Political Partnership Between 28 European Countries EUROPEAN UNION PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT IN GUJARAT The European Union is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 European countries. In 1957, the signature of the Treaties of Rome marked the will of the six founding countries to create a common economic space. Since then, first the Community and then the European Union has continued to enlarge and welcome new countries as members. The Union has developed into a huge single market with the euro as its common currency. What began as a purely economic union has evolved into an organisation spanning all areas, from development aid to environmental policy. Thanks to the abolition of border controls between EU countries, it is now possible for people to travel freely within most of the EU. It has also become much easier to live and work in another EU country. The five main institutions of the European Union are the European Parliament, the Council of Ministers, the European Commission, the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors. The European Union is a major player in international cooperation and development aid. It is also the world’s largest humanitarian aid donor. The primary aim of the EU’s own development policy, agreed in November 2000, is the eradication of poverty. http://europa.eu/ PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR OFFSHORE WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT IN GUJARAT MAY 2015 THIS REPORT IS CO-FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION Table of contents FOREWORD ...............................................................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...............................................................................................................9 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................11 2 SUMMARY OF REVIEW OF EXISTING STUDIES...................................................................12 3 OFFSHORE WIND RESOURCE MODELLING .........................................................................13 3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 13 3.2 WIND FLOW MODELLING ........................................................................................................ 13 3.3 MODEL OUTPUTS................................................................................................................. 14 3.4 WIND SPEED CONFIRMATION ................................................................................................... 14 3.5 CONSIDERATION OF UNCERTAINTY............................................................................................. 15 4 SELECTION OF POTENTIAL WIND FARM ZONES................................................................. 16 4.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 16 4.2 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 18 4.3 IDENTIFICATION OF EXCLUSION ZONES CONSTRAINT PARAMETERS ......................................................... 19 4.4 WEIGHTING OF SPATIAL INFLUENCES .......................................................................................... 21 4.5 PRELIMINARY POTENTIAL ZONES FOR DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................... 22 5 PRELIMINARY WIND FARM DESIGN ..................................................................................26 5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 26 5.2 SUMMARY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE WIND TURBINES ................................................................... 26 5.3 REVIEW OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE GUJARAT REGION ............................................................... 27 5.4 SITE SPECIFIC POWER PRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 30 5.5 WIND TURBINE TRACK RECORD ................................................................................................ 33 5.6 WIND TURBINE FOUNDATION CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................. 35 5.7 ZONE LEVEL ENERGY PRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 35 6 PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION FOR EACH ZONE...........................................43 6.1 HIGH LEVEL FOUNDATION AND GEOTECH SCREENING STUDY ................................................................ 43 6.2 HIGH LEVEL WIND FARM ELECTRICAL CONCEPT CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................... 65 6.3 HIGH LEVEL INSTALLATION CONSIDERATION .................................................................................. 74 6.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................... 87 7 HIGH LEVEL PRELIMINARY PROJECT COSTING ................................................................. 94 7.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 94 7.2 COST OF ENERGY BASELINE ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................... 94 7.3 PROJECT CAPACITY .............................................................................................................. 95 7.4 WIND TURBINE SIZE............................................................................................................. 95 7.5 WIND TURBINE SPACING ........................................................................................................ 95 7.6 COST MODELLING APPROACH ................................................................................................... 95 7.7 KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND CAVEATS .............................................................................................. 98 7.8 PROJECT COST ESTIMATES ...................................................................................................... 99 7.9 COST OF ENERGY HEAT MAPS................................................................................................ 102 7.10 PROJECT COST SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 104 8 HIGH LEVEL TECHNICAL RISK CONSIDERATIONS ...........................................................106 8.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 106 8.2 HIGH LEVEL QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MAIN TECHNICAL RISKS ...................................................... 106 9 HIGH LEVEL FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY FOR OFFSHORE WIND..........................................111 9.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 111 9.2 MODE OF FINANCE ATTAINABLE FOR OFFSHORE WIND PROJECTS IN INDIA............................................... 111 9.3 INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA ............................................................................ 115 9.4 CONSUMER UNIT COST OF ENERGY .......................................................................................... 118 9.5 SALE FROM CARBON CREDITS GENERATED .................................................................................. 119 9.6 POSITIVE IMPACT ON LOCAL INDUSTRIES THAT ARE ABLE TO SUPPORT THE OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY INDUSTRY .... 119 Pre-feasibility Study for Offshore Wind Farm Development in Gujarat • www.fowind.in 1 9.7 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................... 122 10 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT........................................................................123 10.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 123 10.2 THE PURPOSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS................................................. 123 10.3 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE ................................................................................................. 124 10.4 HIGH LEVEL PREDICTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN GUJARAT ..................................................... 125 10.5 HIGH LEVEL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL IMPACTS IN GUJARAT ................................................................... 127 10.6 NATIONAL EXPERIENCE FROM RELEVANT SECTORS ......................................................................... 128 10.7 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK IN INDIA APPLICABLE TO OFFSHORE WIND EIA .............................................. 129 10.8 INTERNATIONAL TREATIES TO BE CONSIDERED ............................................................................. 130 10.9 SUGGESTED EIA FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................... 131 11 WIND MEASUREMENT STRATEGY SELECTION ...............................................................133 11.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 133 11.2 DEFINING MEASUREMENT OBJECTIVES....................................................................................... 134 11.3 SITING RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................
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