RAYNOR MEMORIAL LIBRARIES  Acoma; related broad term = Pueblo  Apache  Arapaho, used for = Arapahoe  Arikara  Assiniboine, used for = Assineboine  Atsina, used for = Gros Ventre  Bannock  Brulé (Lower Brule, Rosebud, Sicangu); Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions = related broad terms = Dakota, Sioux, Records, Series 2-1 School Records Lakota SURNAME MASTER INDEX  Caddo INTRODUCTION  Cahuilla; related broad terms = California, Mission Surnames from attendance records of  California, used for = Digger, Mission; schools in 15 states, 1890s-1970s related narrow terms = Achomawi (Pit

River), Cahuilla, Campo, Chumash, Last updated September, 2011 (still Cocopa, Cupeno, Diegueno, Hupa, incomplete); 15,000+ surnames now; Luiseno, Maidu, Miwok, Pomo, Serrano, estimated 30,000+ when complete. Some Washo, Yurok names from Arizona, Minnesota, Montana,  Campo; related broad terms = California, New Mexico, and Oklahoma not yet Digger, Mission included. See introduction for more  Cayuga; related broad term = Iroquois information. Alphabetized surnames followed by  Cayuse ethnic group (Library of Congress terms; see  Chehalis; related broad term = Coast table), state of school (zip codes; see table), Salish (Puget Sound & Straights Salish) and box number of records. All spelling  Cherokee variations included to the extent possible.  Cheyenne However, some variations may have been  Chickasaw omitted due to difficulties in interpreting  Chinook some handwritten names.  Choctaw  Chumash; related broad terms = Ethnic Groups California, Mission Library of Congress terms  Clackamas (supplemented with Ethnologue terms, as  Coast Salish (Puget Sound & Straights needed) for Native American tribes and Salish), related narrow terms = Chehalis, ethnic groups followed by related names that Cowlitz, Duwamish (Lushootseed), may appear in the records. “Used for” = Lummi, Muckleshoot, Nehalem, terms used in master surname list, but not Nisqually, Puyallup, Quinault, Skagit necessarily in the records. (Swinomish), Skokomish, Snoqualmie, Suquamish, Tulalip (Snohomish, Twana)  Achomawi, used for = Pit River; related  Cocopa, used for = Cocopah; related broad terms = California, Mission broad terms = California, Mission 1

 Coeur d’Alene = used for Skitswich  Iroquois; used when narrow terms not  Chelan, related broad term = Colville available (Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida,  Chickasaw Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscarora)  Choctaw  Isleta; related broad term = Pueblo  Colville, related narrow terms = Chelan,  Jemez; related broad term = Pueblo Curlew, Entiat, Kettle River, Lake,  Kalapuya, used for = Calapooia Methow, Nespelem, Okanagan, Paloos,  Keresan; related broad term = Pueblo Sanpoil, Senijextee, Suialet, Wenatchee  Kettle River, related broad term =  Comanche Colville  Cowlitz; related broad term = Coast  Kickapoo Salish (Puget Sound & Straights Salish)  Kiowa  Cree  Kiowa-Apache  Creek  Klamath  Crow  Kootenai, used for = Kutenai, Koutenie  Cupeno; related broad terms =  Luiseño; related broad terms = California, Digger, Mission California, Mission  Curlew; related broad term = Colville  Lummi; related broad term = Coast  Dakota, used for = Sioux; related narrow Salish (Puget Sound & Straights Salish) terms = Brulé (Lower Brule, Rosebud,  Maidu; related broad terms = related Sicangu), Hunkpapa (Standing Rock), broad terms = California, Digger, Oglala (Pine Ridge), Sans Arc Mission (Cheyenne River), Santee, Sisseton,  Mandan Yankton  Maricopa  Delaware  Menominee  Diegueno; related broad terms =  Methow, related broad term = Colville California, Digger, Mission  Miwok; related broad terms = related  Duwamish, related narrow term = broad terms = California, Digger, Lushootseed; related broad term = Coast Mission Salish (Puget Sound & Straights Salish)  Modoc  Eskimo, used for related narrow terms =  Mohave Inuit, Yupic  Mohawk; related broad term = Iroquois  Haida  Muckleshoot, used for = Mickleshoot;  Hopi, used for = Moqui; related broad related broad term = Coast Salish (Puget term = Pueblo Sound & Straights Salish)  Hunkpapa (Standing Rock) = related  Navajo broad terms = Dakota, Sioux, Lakota  Nehalem, used for = Tillamook; related  Hupa; related broad terms = related broad term = Coast Salish (Puget Sound broad terms = California, Digger, & Straights Salish) Mission  Nespelem, used for = Nespelim; related  Iowa broad term = Colville  Nez Perce

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 Nisqually, used for = Nesqualli; related  Serrano, used for = Morongo; related broad term = Coast Salish (Puget Sound broad terms = California, Digger, & Straights Salish) Mission  Nooksack  Shoshoni, used for = Shoshone  Oglala (Pine Ridge); related broad terms  Siksika, used for = Blackfeet, Blackfoot, = Dakota, Sioux, Lakota Piegan  Ojibwa, used for = Chippewa, Ojibwe,  Siletz Saulteaux  Sisseton; related broad terms = Dakota,  Okanagan, related broad term = Colville Sioux  Okanagan, used for = Okanogan,  Skagit (Swinomish) ; related broad term Okinagan; related broad term = Colville = Coast Salish (Puget Sound & Straights  Oneida; related broad term = Iroquois Salish)  Onondaga; related broad term = Iroquois  Skokomish; related broad term = Coast  Osage Salish (Puget Sound & Straights Salish)  Oto used for = Otoe  Snoqualmie; related broad term = Coast  Ottawa Salish (Puget Sound & Straights Salish)  Paloos, related broad term = Colville  Spokane, used for = Spokan  Peoria  Stockbridge  Picuris; related broad term = Pueblo  Suquamish, used for = Port Madison;  Pima related broad term = Coast Salish (Puget  Pomo; related broad terms = California, Sound & Straights Salish) Digger, Mission  Swinomish; related broad term = Coast  Ponca Salish  Potawatomi, used for = Pottawatomie  Taos; related broad term = Pueblo  Pueblo, related narrow terms = Acoma,  Tewa, related narrow terms = Nambe, Jemez, Hopi, Isleta, Keresan, Picuris, Ohkay Owingeh, Pojoaque, San Taos, Tewa, Yaqui, Zuni Ildefonso, Santa Clara, Tesuque; related  Puyallup; related broad term = Coast broad term = Pueblo Salish (Puget Sound & Straights Salish)  Tlingit, used for = Douglas  Quapaw  Tohono O'odham, used for = Papago  Quinault; related broad term = Coast  Tulalip, related narrow terms: Salish (Puget Sound & Straights Salish) Snohomish, Twana; related broad term =  Salish, used for = Flathead; related Coast Salish (Puget Sound & Straights narrow terms = Flathead, Kalispel Salish)  Sans Arc (Cheyenne River); related  Tuscarora; related broad term = Iroquois broad terms = Dakota, Sioux, Lakota  Tututni, used for = Tetotney, Rogue  Santee; related broad terms = Dakota, River Sioux  Umatilla  Sauk & Fox, used for = Sac & Fox  Umpqua  Seminole  Walla Walla  Seneca; related broad term = Iroquois  Washo; related broad terms = California, Digger, Mission 3

 Wenatchee, used for = Wenatchi; related  South Dakota: SD, 26-29 (complete) broad term = Colville  Washington: WA, 30-31 (complete)  Wichita  Wisconsin: WI, 31-37 (complete)  Winnebago, used for = Ho Chunk  Wyoming: WY, 37-38 (complete)  Wyandot, used for = Wyandotte  Yakama Background  Yankton; related broad terms = Dakota, Most Native Americans had Sioux surnames by 1900, and most acquired them  Yaqui; related broad term = Pueblo acquired locally, either from their family and  Yuma tribal heritage or from local non-Indians.  Yurok; related broad terms = California, Oftentimes, spellings, capitalization, spacing Digger, Mission between words, and the use of hyphens for  Zuni; related broad term = Pueblo the same surname varied over time. Some  Unidentified = Ethnic group or tribe not surnames were written first in Native given (but often apparent by context of languages and then later in English (or records) or name given not identified French or Spanish). At St. Labre’s Mission with a known group. in Montana, Native language surnames were  Non-Native = Black, Negro, Mexican, used exclusively through 1904, followed by Spanish, White, etc. A few non-Natives the exclusive use of English translations attended Catholic schools serving Native beginning the following year. Americans. General Surname Characteristics States  Non-Native origin: Reflects historic Names followed by zip code, current non-Indian influence and indicates some project status & box numbers of records. non-Native ancestry in some instances. Partial = some names from these 5 states  Native origin not always recognizable: have been entered into the master list, but When expressed in Native American others have not. Complete = all names from languages, many surnames, e.g. Cantu, the remaining 11 states have been entered Hustoni, and Sooktis, are not into the master list. recognizable as Native ones to persons  Arizona: AZ, 01-05 (partial) unfamiliar with the languages of origin.  California: CA, 05 (complete) Others became indistinguishable when translated into English and shortened to  Idaho, ID, 05-07 (complete) single words, e.g. Fish, White, Wolf.  Kansas (“Indian Territory”), KS, 07

(complete) Common Surnames of Native Origin  Michigan: MI, 07-10 (complete)  Cherokee: Bushyhead, Kingfisher,

 Minnesota: MN, 10-13 (partial) Matoy, Youngbird

 Montana: MT, 13-19 (partial)  Dakota: Eagle Bull, Long Soldier, Red  North Dakota: ND, 22-23 (complete) Owl, Yankton  New Mexico: NM, 19-22 (partial)  Eskimo: Egoak, Kinneeveauk, Nageak,  Oklahoma: OK, 23-26 (partial) Tungwenuk  Oregon: OR, 26 (complete)  Iroquois (Oneida): Metoxin, Powless, 4

Skenandore  Navajo: Begay, Redhouse, Silversmith, Yazzie  Ojibwa: DeNomie, Gokey, Loonsfoot, Onan

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