Aazpa Librarians Special Interest Group Bibliography Service

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Aazpa Librarians Special Interest Group Bibliography Service AAZPA LIBRARIANS SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP BIBLIOGRAPHY SERVICE The bibliography is provided as a service of the AAZPA LIBRARIANS SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP and THE CONSORTIUM OF AQUARIUMS, UNIVERSITIES AND ZOOS. TITLE: Toucan Bibliography AUTHOR & INSTITUTION: Mary Healy Discovery Island, Buena Vista, Florida DATE: 1990 Austin, O.A. 1961. Birds of the World. Racine, WI:Western Publishing Co., Inc. Berry, R.J. and B. Coffey. 1976. Breeding the sulphur-breasted toucan, Ramphastos s. sulfuratus at Houston Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook, 16:108-110. Bourne, G.R. 1974. The red-billed toucan in Guyana. Living Bird, 13: 99-126. Brehm, W.W. 1969. Breeding the green-billed toucan, Ramphastos dicolorus at the Walsrode Bird Park. International Zoo Yearbook, 9:134-135. Buhl, K. 1982. Red-breasted toucans flourish in Phoenix. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 9(3):27-28. Campbell, B. 1974. Dictionary of Birds. New York:Exeter Books. Coates-Estrada, R. and A. Estrada. 1986. Fruiting and frugivores at a strangler fig in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2(4):349-358. Cracraft, J. and R.O. Prum. 1988. Patterns and processes of diversification speciation and historical congruence in neotropical birds. Evolution, 42(3):603-620. Dewald, D.D. 1988. Channel-billed toucans. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 15(1): 36-37. Dhillon, A.S. and D.M. Schaberg. 1984. Pseudotuberculosis in toucans. 73rd Annual Meeting of the Poultry Science Association, Inc. Poultry Science, 63(suppl.1):90. Flesness, N. 1984. ISIS Avian Taxonomy Directory, 2nd ed. Apple Valley, MN:ISIS. Giddings, R.F. 1988. Treatment of flukes in a toucan. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 193:1555-1556. Haffer, J. 1974. Avian Speciation in Tropical South America. Cambridge: Nuttall Ornithological Club. Harrison, C.J.O., consultant editor. 1978. Bird Families of the World. New York:Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Howe, H.F. 1981. Dispersal of a neotropical nutmeg, Virola sebifera, by birds. Auk, 98(1):88-98. ------ and G.A.V. Kerckove. 1981. Removal of wild nutmeg, Virola surinamensis, crops by birds. Ecology, 62(4):1093-1106. ------, E.W. Schupp, and L. C. Westley. 1985. Early consequences of seed dispersal for a neotropical tree Virola surinamensis. Ecology, 66(3):781-791. Iwinski, D. and B. Iwinski. 1983. Too many toucans. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 10(6)18-20. Jennings, J. 1982. First and second breeding of the green aracari. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 9(6):29-30. ------. 1984. A possible first breeding of the red-billed toucan. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 11(6):32-33. ------. 1985. The first captive breeding of the spot-billed toucanet. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 12(3):36-38. ------. 1986. Ramphastids in the rain forest. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 13(4):26-29. ------. 1989. Spot-billed toucanets: A multigenerational breeding success. The A.F.A. Watchbird, CITES issue:23-31. ------. 1990. First captive breeding of the collared aracari. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 17(2):4-7. Lanyon, S.M. and R.M. Zink. 1987. Genetic variation in piciform birds, monophly and generic and familial relationships. Auk, 104(4):724-732. Lill, A. 1970. Identification of the channel-billed toucan, Ramphastos vitellinus, in Trinidad, West Indies. Condor, 72:235-236. Longo, J. 1988. Some observations of the toco toucan. The Zooculturist, Spring:12-13. Manwell, R.D. and G.J. Sessler. 1971. Malarial parasites of toucans. Journal of Protozoology, 18:570-574. Mindell, D.P. and H.L. Black. 1984. Combined effort hunting by a pair of chestnut-mandibled toucans, Ramphastos swainsonii. Wilson Bulletin, 96(2):319-321. Nichols, D. and R.J. Montali. 1985. Atherosclerosis in zoo birds. 74th Annual meeting of the International Academy of Pathology (United States-Canadian Division), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Laboratory 2 Investigation, 52(1):48A-49A. Oniki, Y. and E.O. Willis. 1983. Breeding birds of the Belem Area Brazil. 3. Trogonidae to Furnariidae. Ciencia e Cultura (Sao Paulo), 35(9):1320-1324. Panigrahy, B., J.J. Mathewsonn, C.F. Hall, and L.C. Grumbles. 1981. Unusual disease conditions in pet and aviary birds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 178(4):394-395. Prum, R.O. 1988. Phylogenetic interrelationships of the barbets (Aves, Capitonidae) and toucans (Aves, Ramphastidae) based on morphology with comparisons to DNA-DNA hybridization. Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 92(4):313-344. Riley, C.M. and K.G. Smith. 1986. Flower eating by emerald toucanets, Aulacorhynchus prasinus, in Costa Rica. Condor, 88(3):396-397. ------. 1986. Observations on the breeding biology of emerald toucanets in Costa Rica. Wilson Bulletin, 98(4):585-588. Robertshaw, J.D. 1987. A possible first breeding of the channel-bill toucan. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 14(5):8-10. Rundel, R. 1976. Model breeding environments for toucans Ramphastidae at the Los Angeles Zoo. Internationl Zoo Yearbook, 16:106-108. Rutgers, A. and K.A. Noris, eds. 1977. Encyclopedia of Aviculture, Vol.3. Dorset, England:Blandford Press, Ltd. Santana, C.E. and B.G. Milligan. 1984. Behavior of toucanets, bellbirds and quetzels feeding on lauraceous fruits. Biiotropica, 16(2):152-154. Seibels, Robert E. 1979. Breeding the toco toucan, Ramphastos toco at the Columbia Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook, 19:147-150. Simpson, S.F. and J. Cracraft. 1981. The phylogenetic relationships of the Piciformes Class Aves. Auk, 98(3):481-494. Skutch, A.F. 1944. Life history of the blue-throated toucanet. Wilson Bulletin, 56:133-151. ------. 1958. Roosting and nesting of Aracari toucans. Condor, 60:201-219. ------. 1971. Life history of the keel-billed toucan. Auk, 88:381-396. ------. 1983. Birds of Tropical America. Austin:University of Texas Press. Spalding, M.G., G.V. Killias, M.B. Calderwood Mays, C.D. Page, and M.G. Brown. 1986. Hepatic 3 encephalopathy associated with hemochromatosis in a Toco To. Journal of the Veterinary Medical Association, 188(9): 1122-1123. Svoboda, F.J. 1988. Toucan tending. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 15(3):36-38. Swierczewski, E.V. and R.J. Raiknow. 1981. Hind limb morphology, phylogeny and classification of the Piciformes. Auk, 98(3):466-480. Takagi, N. and M. Sasaki. 1980. Unexpected karyotypic resemblance between the Burmeister Seriema, Chunga burmeisteri (Gruiformes, Carimidae) and the toucan, Ramphastos toco (Piciformes, Ramphastidae). CIS (Chromosome Information Service), #28:10-11. Thrikhill, L. 1987. Breeding red-breasted toucans: History on the reproduction of wild caught and F1 generation toucans Ramphastos dicolorus. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 14(1):19-24. Todd, F.S., N.B. Gale, and D. Thompson. 1973. Breeding crimson-rumped toucanets Aulacorhynchus haematopygius sexnotatus at Los Angeles Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook, 13:117-120. Upton, S.J., J.V. Ernest, S.L. Clubb, and W.L. Current. 1984. Elmeria forresteri new species Apicomlexa Elmeriidae from Ramphastos toco and a redescription of Isopora graculai from Gracula religiosa. Systematic Parasitology, 6(3):237-240. Van Tyne, J. 1929. The life history of the toucan Ramphastos brevicarinatus. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publication, No.19:1-43. ------ and A. Berger. 1971. Fundamentals of Ornithology. New York: Dover Publications. Wagner, H.O. 1944. Notes on th4 life history of the emerald toucanet. Wilson Bulletin, 56:65-76. West, S. 1976. Observations on the yellow-eared toucanet. Auk, 93:381-382. Williams, R.P. 1985. The long bill of the toucan. The A.F.A. Watchbird, 12(1):37-39. Worth, Gail J. 1987. Hand-rearing of Ramphastids. Proceedings of the Jean Delacour/IFCB Symposium, pp.62- 68. 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 This information is provided as a service of The Consortium of Aquariums, Universities and Zoos (C.A.U.Z.) Donna FitzRoy Hardy, Ph.D., Network Coordinator Consortium of Aquariums, Universities and Zoos Department of Psychology California State University, Northridge 4 Northridge, CA 91330 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 5.
Recommended publications
  • Toucans, and Not Only a First Breeding of Each, Toucans but Several Generations - a Testament to His Avicultural Gift
    one, but several species of toucans, and not only a First Breeding of each, Toucans but several generations - a testament to his avicultural gift. in Aviculture at the Millennium Mr. Todd did more than break new ground (which he subsequently and by Jerry Jennings, Fallbrook, CA notably repeated with penguins at Sea World), he created a "cook book" recipe for the repetition ofhis feat for all who would simply follow directions. Interpretive renditions of his opus gen­ erally would not suffice - simply fol­ low the steps. A little compatibility here, a little nest log there, etc., and a great result would be forthcoming. Few have followed in those illustri­ ous footsteps, but I had to give it a try. I never was a good cook, so this was a difficult task, or so I thought. Needless to say, it was surprisingly eas­ ier to do than expected, and today Emerald Forest Bird Gardens has become a center for the reproduction of many species of toucans, toucanets, and aracaris. Toucans are not well established in aviculture today in spite of the great introduction pioneered by Todd in the mid sixties. Only a couple of species, Red-billed Toucan oUJned by the author. the Green Aracari and the Emerald Toucanet could be considered "safe" Channel-billed Toucan in the collection ofthe alltbor. oucans are as familiar as breakfast cereal at the super­ market, as magnificent as a clown, and as exotic as the mystical places of our fantasies. Everyone seems to know who "Fruit Loops" is, and understands that this silly looking creature has, at the very least, a good sense of humor.
    [Show full text]
  • Leveled Reading Research Activities Presentation Leveled Reading
    Leveled Reading Research Activities Presentation ATI RE VE C K R A A A A L L L L E C C C C C N S C I E Editable Presentation hosted on Google Slides. Click to Download. Description Habitat & Range ● The toco toucan is a bird with a white throat and mainly black body. ● The toco toucan is usually found in semi-open habitats such as ● The toco toucan is the largest of about 40 woodlands and savannas different species of toucans. throughout central and eastern South America. ● It has blue and orange skin that surrounds the eye. ● Toco toucans often will live in the tree cavities created by ● This toucan is most known for it’s huge bill woodpeckers that is yellow and reddish-orange in color. Toco Toucan Unique Characteristics Reproduction Diet ● The toco toucan is known to ● They tend to reproduce on an ● The toucan eats fruit and uses practice heat exchange. annual basis. its bill to pluck it out of trees. They modify blood flow throughout their body in ● The female lay between two and ● They are also known to eat order to regulate their body four eggs a few days after insects, frogs and small reptiles. mating. heat. ● They will eat small birds and The eggs hatch 17-18 days after eggs as well. ● Toucans are not great fliers ● and usually hop from tree to being laid. tree. ● The birds are very protective of their chicks. Predators, Threats & Status Conservation Organizations Extended Video ● Toucans are threatened by ● The International Union for the jaguars, snakes and eagles, Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is but they benefit from one of the most important widespread tree coverage.
    [Show full text]
  • Dispersal of a Neotropical Nutmeg (Virola Sebifera) by Birds
    DISPERSAL OF A NEOTROPICAL NUTMEG (VIROLA SEBIFERA) BY BIRDS HENRY F. HOWE Program in Evolutionary Ecologyand Behavior, Department of Zoology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA Al•ST•CT.--Feeding assemblagesof birds were observedat a Panamanian population of Virola sebifera (Myristicaceae) in order to test the hypothesisthat plants producing especiallynutritious fruits in limited supply should be efficiently dispersedby a small set of obligate frugivores. Virola sebifera producesan encapsulatedarillate seedthat is swallowed by birds shortly after dehiscence. The aril (54% lipid, 7% protein, 8% usable carbohydrate) is retained; the seed is regurgitated intact within 10-30 min. The plant produces 1-96 (Yc= 24) ripe arillate seedseach day, of which 40-89% (Yc= 76%) are taken within a few hours of dawn. The visitor assemblageconsists of six resident frugivores. Three [Chestnut-mandibledToucan (Ramphastosswainsonii), Keel-billed Toucans (R. sulfuratus), and Masked Tityra (Tityra semifasciata)] are "regulars," likely to visit all trees; three [Slaty-tailed Trogon (2•rogonmassena), Rufous Motmot (Baryphthengus martii), and Collared Aracari (Pteroglossustorquatus) are common throughout the Barro Colorado Forest but do not consistently use Virola sebifera. The Chestnut-mandibled Toucan is responsiblefor 43% of the seedsremoved by birds, although it is also responsiblefor more seedwaste (regurgi- tation under the tree crown) than other visitors. Rapid depletion of available fruits each morning and active defense of the crowns by toucans suggest a limited and preferred food resource for "regulars"in the assemblage. A review of recent work indicatesthat the assemblagevisiting Virola sebiferais similar to that frequenting its larger congener (V. surinamensis) but is far smaller and more specialized than those visiting other fruiting trees in the same forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Toco Toucan Feeding Ecology and Local Abundance in a Habitat Mosaic in the Brazilian Cerrado
    ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 19: 345–359, 2008 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society TOCO TOUCAN FEEDING ECOLOGY AND LOCAL ABUNDANCE IN A HABITAT MOSAIC IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO José Ragusa-Netto Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Campus Três Lagoas, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, C.P. 210, 79620-080, Três Lagoas, MS, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Resumo. – Ecologia alimentar e abundância local do Tucano Toco, em um mosaico de habitats do cerrado. – Os tucanos são frugívoros do dossel que exploram áreas amplas e heterogêneas. O Tucano Toco (Ramphastos toco) é comum no Brasil Central, principalmente no cerrado. Nesse estudo avaliei a pro- dução de frutos, a abundância do Tucano Toco e seus hábitos alimentares em um mosaico de habitats do cerrado. Tanto as variações espaciais quanto temporais de abundância dos tucanos coincidiram com o perí- odo de frutificação das espécies consumidas extensivamente. Essas espécies, principalmente Virola sebifera na mata ciliar e Schefflera macrocarpa no cerrado, exibiram períodos prolongados de frutificação, além de serem conhecidas por produzirem diásporos com elevado teor de lipídeos. Por outro lado, com exceção de Eugenia punicifolia e Miconia albicans, os tucanos consumiram moderadamente muitos tipos de frutos ricos em açúcares, que estiveram disponíveis por breves períodos. Portanto, em razão do Tucano Toco explorar, durante a maior parte do tempo, proporções elevadas de poucas espécies de frutos e oportunamente alter- nar para uma dieta mais variada, ele exibiu variações acentuadas de amplitude de nicho alimentar. As pro- fundas variações espaciais e temporais de abundância, ao longo do ano, sugerem que os tucanos exploram áreas amplas e heterogênas em resposta à disponibilidade de frutos que são importantes em sua dieta.
    [Show full text]
  • The Best of Costa Rica March 19–31, 2019
    THE BEST OF COSTA RICA MARCH 19–31, 2019 Buffy-crowned Wood-Partridge © David Ascanio LEADERS: DAVID ASCANIO & MAURICIO CHINCHILLA LIST COMPILED BY: DAVID ASCANIO VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM THE BEST OF COSTA RICA March 19–31, 2019 By David Ascanio Photo album: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidascanio/albums/72157706650233041 It’s about 02:00 AM in San José, and we are listening to the widespread and ubiquitous Clay-colored Robin singing outside our hotel windows. Yet, it was still too early to experience the real explosion of bird song, which usually happens after dawn. Then, after 05:30 AM, the chorus started when a vocal Great Kiskadee broke the morning silence, followed by the scratchy notes of two Hoffmann´s Woodpeckers, a nesting pair of Inca Doves, the ascending and monotonous song of the Yellow-bellied Elaenia, and the cacophony of an (apparently!) engaged pair of Rufous-naped Wrens. This was indeed a warm welcome to magical Costa Rica! To complement the first morning of birding, two boreal migrants, Baltimore Orioles and a Tennessee Warbler, joined the bird feast just outside the hotel area. Broad-billed Motmot . Photo: D. Ascanio © Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 2 The Best of Costa Rica, 2019 After breakfast, we drove towards the volcanic ring of Costa Rica. Circling the slope of Poas volcano, we eventually reached the inspiring Bosque de Paz. With its hummingbird feeders and trails transecting a beautiful moss-covered forest, this lodge offered us the opportunity to see one of Costa Rica´s most difficult-to-see Grallaridae, the Scaled Antpitta.
    [Show full text]
  • Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
    Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al.
    [Show full text]
  • An Update on Ethnomedicines, Phytochemicals, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of the Myristicaceae Species
    Received: 30 October 2020 Revised: 6 March 2021 Accepted: 9 March 2021 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7098 REVIEW Nutmegs and wild nutmegs: An update on ethnomedicines, phytochemicals, pharmacology, and toxicity of the Myristicaceae species Rubi Barman1,2 | Pranjit Kumar Bora1,2 | Jadumoni Saikia1 | Phirose Kemprai1,2 | Siddhartha Proteem Saikia1,2 | Saikat Haldar1,2 | Dipanwita Banik1,2 1Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Prized medicinal spice true nutmeg is obtained from Myristica fragrans Houtt. Rest spe- Science & Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, cies of the family Myristicaceae are known as wild nutmegs. Nutmegs and wild nutmegs India 2Academy of Scientific and Innovative are a rich reservoir of bioactive molecules and used in traditional medicines of Europe, Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Asia, Africa, America against madness, convulsion, cancer, skin infection, malaria, diar- Pradesh, India rhea, rheumatism, asthma, cough, cold, as stimulant, tonics, and psychotomimetic Correspondence agents. Nutmegs are cultivated around the tropics for high-value commercial spice, Dipanwita Banik, Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East used in global cuisine. A thorough literature survey of peer-reviewed publications, sci- Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, entific online databases, authentic webpages, and regulatory guidelines found major 785006, Assam, India. Email: [email protected] and phytochemicals namely, terpenes, fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, alkanes, lignans, flavo- [email protected] noids, coumarins, and indole alkaloids. Scientific names, synonyms were verified with Funding information www.theplantlist.org. Pharmacological evaluation of extracts and isolated biomarkers Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, showed cholinesterase inhibitory, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immu- Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopaedia of Birds for © Designed by B4U Publishing, Member of Albatros Media Group, 2020
    ✹ Tomáš Tůma Tomáš ✹ ✹ We all know that there are many birds in the sky, but did you know that there is a similar Encyclopaedia vast number on our planet’s surface? The bird kingdom is weird, wonderful, vivid ✹ of Birds and fascinating. This encyclopaedia will introduce you to over a hundred of the for Young Readers world’s best-known birds, as well as giving you a clear idea of the orders in which birds ✹ ✹ are classified. You will find an attractive selection of birds of prey, parrots, penguins, songbirds and aquatic birds from practically every corner of Planet Earth. The magnificent full-colour illustrations and easy-to-read text make this book a handy guide that every pre- schooler and young schoolchild will enjoy. Tomáš Tůma www.b4upublishing.com Readers Young Encyclopaedia of Birds for © Designed by B4U Publishing, member of Albatros Media Group, 2020. ean + isbn Two pairs of toes, one turned forward, ✹ Toco toucan ✹ Chestnut-eared aracari ✹ Emerald toucanet the other back, are a clear indication that Piciformes spend most of their time in the trees. The beaks of toucans and aracaris The diet of the chestnut-eared The emerald toucanet lives in grow to a remarkable size. Yet aracari consists mainly of the fruit of the mountain forests of South We climb Woodpeckers hold themselves against tree-trunks these beaks are so light, they are no tropical trees. It is found in the forest America, making its nest in the using their firm tail feathers. Also characteristic impediment to the birds’ deft flight lowlands of Amazonia and in the hollow of a tree.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Taxonomic Treatment of the Neotropical Genera
    An Intrageneric and Intraspecific Study of Morphological and Genetic Variation in the Neotropical Compsoneura and Virola (Myristicaceae) by Royce Allan David Steeves A Thesis Presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Royce Steeves, August, 2011 ABSTRACT AN INTRAGENERIC AND INTRASPECIFIC STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC VARIATION IN THE NEOTROPICAL COMPSONEURA AND VIROLA (MYRISTICACEAE) Royce Allan David Steeves Advisor: University of Guelph, 2011 Dr. Steven G. Newmaster The Myristicaceae, or nutmeg family, consists of 21 genera and about 500 species of dioecious canopy to sub canopy trees that are distributed worldwide in tropical rainforests. The Myristicaceae are of considerable ecological and ethnobotanical significance as they are important food for many animals and are harvested by humans for timber, spices, dart/arrow poison, medicine, and a hallucinogenic snuff employed in medico-religious ceremonies. Despite the importance of the Myristicaceae throughout the wet tropics, our taxonomic knowledge of these trees is primarily based on the last revision of the five neotropical genera completed in 1937. The objective of this thesis was to perform a molecular and morphological study of the neotropical genera Compsoneura and Virola. To this end, I generated phylogenetic hypotheses, surveyed morphological and genetic diversity of focal species, and tested the ability of DNA barcodes to distinguish species of wild nutmegs. Morphological and molecular analyses of Compsoneura. indicate a deep divergence between two monophyletic clades corresponding to informal sections Hadrocarpa and Compsoneura. Although 23 loci were tested for DNA variability, only the trnH-psbA intergenic spacer contained enough variation to delimit 11 of 13 species sequenced.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramphastos Ambiguus
    ISSN: 1870-7459 Dilution in Ramphastos ambiguus Huitzil, Revista Mexicana de Ornitología DOI: https://doi.org/10.28947/hrmo.2020.21.2.511 NOTA CIENTÍFICA A strong case of dilution in the Yellow-throated Toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus) Un fuerte caso de dilución en el tucán de garganta amarilla (Ramphastos ambiguus) José Manuel Mora1* https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-1495 Lucía I. López Umaña2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0120-7981 Abstract INFORMACIÓN SOBRE EL ARTÍCULO Plumage color aberrations are common in birds, but often it is difficult or even impossible to identify them properly in the field. Several of these aberrations are common, especially progres- Recibido: sive greying, leucism and ino, although there is confusion among the different mechanisms. 28 de abril de 2020 Other aberrations are rare or infrequently reported. Dilution, for example, refers to a reduced Aceptado: concentration of melanin granules that dilutes the color, although the pigment itself is not 26 de junio de 2020 changed. It affects the entire plumage, rather than single feathers. The Yellow-throated Toucan Editor asociado: (Ramphastos ambiguus) is predominantly black, and has feathers with brown tips, red under Jack C. Eitniear the tail coverts, and feathers above the tail are cream colored. It has a yellow bib covering the throat and chest with red band countering it, and the skin of the face is chartreuse. The Yellow- Contribución de cada uno throated Toucan is most notable for its massive, bicolored bill. Here we report an apparent de los autores: strong case of dilution in the Yellow-throated Toucan. An individual observed at La Unión, Both authors wrote the manuscript, Guápiles on the Caribbean versant of Costa Rica on 10 October 2019 almost lacked melanin, and reviewed the final version of it.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding the Turquoise Tanager
    Breeding the The Collared Turquoise Tanager Aracari by Jerry Jennings Fallbrook, California by Maarten de Ruiter Cambron Casteau, Belgium he Collared Aracari Pteroglossus T torquatus is a colorful native of Central America, ranging from southern ~e Turquoise Tanager Tanagara enclosure that could be heated. The Mexico south all the way to Colombia, ~cana is distributed from artificial light source within the in­ 1- and as such is the most common ofthe Venezuela over western Amazonia to door enclosure was turned on from Central American toucans to be encoun­ southeast Brazil. It is not found in 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Along with the tered in the wild. Mexico as its scientific name suggests. Turquoise Tanagers were a pair of Though the Collared Aracari is com­ Itlives up to 500 meters (1600 feet) in Pekin Robins and two Bay-headed mon in the wild, it has been quite rare elevation and is seeninsmall groups of Tanagers. in captivity until the Fall of 1994, when up to six individual birds. There are The two Turquoise Tanagers were a few dozen birds were imported from five subspecies ofTurquoise Tanager, T. observed together most of the time Nicaragua. Prior to these importations, m. mexicana, T. m. vieilloti, T. m. media, and in the early part ofJune two eggs less than a dozen individuals were T. m. bolivicina and T. m. brasiliensis. were found in a small nest box. The known to exist in the U.S., and in just In Europe the Turquoise Tanager nest box measured 7 em x 7 em x 15 two collections, where they were repro­ is frequently available andthe subspe­ em high (2% in.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramphastids in the Rain Forest
    Ramphastids in the Rain Forest by Jerry Jennings Woodland Hills, California Toucans are one of the most Widely clutch twice and the offspring from the dispersed families of neotropical birds, first nest have been observed helping whose range extends from central the parents rear the second nest. This Mexico to northern Argentina, helping behavior is unique among Ram­ Paraguay, and Bolivia and from the phastids, though not in the bird world. Bird Taxidermy Available eastern slope of the Andes to the There are approximately forty-three Atlantic coast. Only in Central America species of Ramphastids grouped into BUY • SELL • TRADE BIRDS· BIRDSUPPLIES and and Colombia do they occur on the six genera. The large black toucans of Pacific coast. the genus Ramphastos are, perhaps, the EQUIPMENT· SEED. FEED Toucans are a relatively gregarious most familiar, and the focus of the Halfmoons • Cockatiels • Lovebirds group of birds which inhabit the forest popular imagination when thinking of Parakeets • Parrots canopy whether at sea level or the neotropical birds. Such species as the White headed nuns higher Andean elevations (10,000 feet). toco and the keelbill inspire the stuffof Green singers • Cordon bleus Golden breasted Waxbills They occur in small flocks of up to forty television commercials and the ariel has and many other types of individuals, which move from tree to been a featured star of the National finches and hook bills tree in short, undulating flights. Flying Wildlife Federation's Ranger Rick 18247 East Valley Blvd. single file, the entire group completely magazine. (at Yorbita Rd.) reassembles before embarking for the The smaller toucanets and aracaris, La Puente, CA 91744 next tree.
    [Show full text]