History of Logo
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title History of Logo Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1623m1p3 Journal Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 4(HOPL) ISSN 2475-1421 Authors Solomon, C Harvey, B Kahn, K et al. Publication Date 2020-06-12 DOI 10.1145/3386329 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California History of Logo CYNTHIA SOLOMON, Cynthia Solomon Consulting, USA BRIAN HARVEY, University of California, Berkeley, USA KEN KAHN, University of Oxford, UK HENRY LIEBERMAN, MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL), USA MARK L. MILLER, Learningtech.org, USA MARGARET MINSKY, New York University-Shanghai, China ARTEMIS PAPERT, Independent artist, Canada BRIAN SILVERMAN, Playful Invention Co., Canada Shepherd: Tomas Petricek, University of Kent, UK Logo is more than a programming language. It is a learning environment where children explore mathematical ideas and create projects of their own design. Logo, the first programming language explicitly designed for children, was invented by Seymour Papert, Wallace Feurzeig, Daniel Bobrow, and Cynthia Solomon in 1966 at Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN). Logo’s design drew upon two theoretical frameworks: Jean Piaget’s constructivism and Marvin Minsky’s artificial intelligence research at MIT. One of Logo’s foundational ideas was that children shouldhavea powerful programming environment. Early Lisp served as a model with its symbolic computation, recursive functions, operations on linked lists, and dynamic scoping of variables. Logo became a symbol for change in elementary mathematics education and in the nature of school itself.
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